SSC Stenographer 2023 Official Paper (Held On: 12 Oct, 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Given equation: 35 % 4 % 12 % 3 % 6 % 5 % 5

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) +, ̶ , ÷, ×, =, +

Given: 35 % 4 % 12 % 3 % 6 % 5 % 5

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 35 + 4 - 12 ÷ 3 × 6 = 5 + 5

⇒ 35 + 4 - 4 × 6 = 5 + 5

⇒ 35 + 4 - 24 = 5 + 5

⇒ 39 -24 = 10

⇒ 15 ≠ 10

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2)  ̶ , +, ×, =, ÷, +

Given: 35 % 4 % 12 % 3 % 6 % 5 % 5

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 35 - 4 + 12 × 3 = 6 ÷ 5 + 5

⇒ 35 - 4 + 12 × 3 = 1.2 + 5

⇒ 35 - 4 + 36 = 1.2 + 5

⇒ 71 - 4 = 6.2

⇒ 67 ≠ 6.2

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3)  ̶ , +, ÷, ×, =, +

Given: 35 % 4 % 12 % 3 % 6 % 5 % 5

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 35 - 4 + 12 ÷ 3 × 6 = 5 + 5

⇒ 35 - 4 + 4 × 6 = 5 + 5

⇒ 35 - 4 + 24 = 5 + 5

⇒ 59 - 4  = 10

⇒ 55 ≠ 10

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4)  ̶ , +, ÷, =, ×, +

Given: 35 % 4 % 12 % 3 % 6 % 5 % 5

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 35 - 4 + 12 ÷ 3 = 6 × 5 + 5

⇒ 35 - 4 + 4 = 6 × 5 + 5

⇒ 35 - 4 + 4 = 30 + 5

⇒ 39 - 4 = 35

⇒ 35 = 35

⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given: Seven people, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are sitting in a straight row, facing north.

1. Only 2 people sit to the left of E.

2. G is an immediate neighbour of E.

3) Only 3 people sit between G and F.

4. B sits to the immediate right of F. 

5. A sits to the immediate left of D.

And, C will sit at the remaining place.

So, 'A' sits to the immediate right of E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The first word is the name of game and the second word is used to play that game.

Here,

Cricket : Bat → A bat is used to play cricket.

Similarly,

Tennis : Racquet → Racquet is used to play tennis.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Darken part of the image decrease by one at every step.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Square of 2nd number = 1st number.

Now,

For, 1444 ∶ 38

⇒ (38)²

⇒ 1444.

For, 1225 ∶ 35

⇒ (35)2

⇒ 1225.

Similarly, for ? ∶ 47  

⇒ (47)²

⇒ 2209.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

The logic followed here is:

So, '149' is the missing number in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 2nd number × 19 = 1st number.

Now,

For, 133 ∶ 7

⇒ (7 × 19) = 133.

For, 247 ∶ 13

⇒ (13 × 19) = 247.

Similarly, for ? ∶ 19  

⇒ (19 × 19) = 361

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

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Hence, The correct answer is "Option 2".

The position and positional values of English Alphabets are:

TWGC, PUFZ, ?, HQDT, DOCQ

The logic followed in the given series is:

Here, 'LSEW' is the missing term.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given Equation: 62 B 2 D 45 A 5 C 7 = ?

BODMAS Rule:

Decoding the given information:

 

Now replacing the sign from left to right using BODMAS Rule, we get:

⇒ 62 × 2 - 45 ÷ 5 + 7 = ?

⇒ 62 × 2 - 9 + 7 = ?

⇒ 124 - 9 + 7 = ?

⇒ 131 - 9 = 122

Hence, the correct option is "Option 4".

TB Solution:

Given Equation: 16 B 5 D 16 A 8 C 10 = ?

BODMAS Rule:

Decoding the given information:

 

Now replacing the sign from left to right using BODMAS Rule, we get:

⇒ 16 × 5 - 16 ÷ 8 + 10 = ?

⇒ 16 × 5 - 2 + 10 = ?

⇒ 80 - 2 + 10 = ?

⇒ 90 - 2 = 88

Hence, the correct option is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

thus, "1176" will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct option is "Option 4".

Given Statements:

Some pianos are guitars.

All guitars are flutes.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusion:

I) Some pianos are flute - True (Some pianos are guitars and all guitars are flutes implies that some pianos are flute)

II) No guitar is a piano - False (Some pianos are guitars implies also that some guitars are definitely piano)

So, only Conclusion I follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given equation: 30 × 6 ÷ 15 + 7 + 40 = 50.

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) 15, 40

Given:  30 × 6 ÷ 15 + 7 + 40 = 50

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 30 × 6 ÷ 40 + 7 + 15 = 50

⇒ 30 × (3 / 20) + 7 + 15 = 50

⇒ (9/2) + 7 + 15 = 50

⇒ (53 / 2) ≠ 50

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) 15, 30

Given:  30 × 6 ÷ 15 + 7 + 40 = 50

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 15 × 6 ÷ 30 + 7 + 40 = 50

⇒ 15 × (1 / 5) + 7 + 40 = 50

⇒ 3 + 7 + 40 = 50

⇒ 50 = 50

⇒ LHS = RHS

Option 3) 6, 30

Given:  30 × 6 ÷ 15 + 7 + 40 = 50

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 6 × 30 ÷ 15 + 7 + 40 = 50

⇒ 6 × 2 + 7 + 40 = 50

⇒ 12 + 7 + 40 = 50

⇒ 59 ≠ 50

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) 40, 50

Given:  30 × 6 ÷ 15 + 7 + 40 = 50

After interchanging the numbers we get:

⇒ 30 × 6 ÷ 15 + 7 + 50 = 40

⇒ 30 × (2 / 5) + 7 + 50 = 40

⇒ 12 + 7 + 50 = 40

⇒ 69 ≠ 40

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

Given Statements:

All Barbies are Snow-whites.

Some Barbies are Ariels.

Some Ariels are Doraemons.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some Doraemons are Snow-whites - False (Because, No definite relation is given between Doraemons and Snow-Whites, so it can be possibility only)

II. Some Barbies are Doraemons - False (Because, No definite relation is given between Barbies and Doraemons, so it can be possibility only)

III. Some Ariels are Snow-whites - True (All Barbies are Snow-whites and some Barbies are Ariels implies that some Ariels are Snow-whites)

So, only conclusion III follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Family Chart:

Given: 

M is the daughter of R.

Z is the husband of M.

X is the son of R.

Z is the son-in-law of Y.

So, X is the 'Son' of Y.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: 

Mehar drives 19 km East from his home.

He then takes a left turn and drives 11 km.

He again takes a left turn and drives 19 km.

So, he is 11 km from the starting point in a straight line.

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The triangles are:

So, there are '11' triangles in the given figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given equation: 320 + 64 - 18 ÷ 2 × 28 = ?

BODMAS Rule:

Decoding the given information:

 

Now replacing the sign from left to right using BODMAS Rule, we get:

⇒ 320 ÷ 64 + 18 × 2 - 28 = ?

⇒ 5 + 18 × 2 - 28 = ?

⇒ 5 + 36 - 28 = ?

⇒ 41 - 28 = 13

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: A, B, C, D, E, F and G are of different heights.

1. A is shorter than only three people.

2. D is taller than only F.

⇒ _ > _ > _ > A >_ > D > F. 

3. B is taller than A but shorter than both C and E.

4)E is not the tallest person.

5. Only one place is vacant which is occupied by G.

⇒ C > E > B > A > > G > D > F. 

Thus, only two people are shorter than G.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: 

Some curtains are fans.

Some fans are bulbs.

The least possible Venn diagram of given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some curtains are bulbs → False (There is not any definite relation between curtains and bulbs is given, so it can possible only).

II. All bulbs are fans → False (It is given that some bulbs are fans, no information is given about all bulbs are fans so, it can be possible only).

Thus, neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Hence the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: 12th January 2015 was Monday,

Now,

 12th January 2015 to 26th January 2016 = 379 day.

⇒ 379 days ÷ 7 = 1 Odd Day.

⇒ 12th January 2015 was Monday​ + 1 odd day = Tuesday.

Thus, Tuesday is the day of the week was it on 26th January 2016.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information 1 Ordinary year = (52 weeks + 1 day).

ordinary year has 1 odd day.

1 leap year = 365 days = 52 weeks + 2 odd days.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (First number - Third number) ÷ 3 = Second number.

For, (100, 30, 10)

⇒ (100 - 10) ÷ 3 = 30

⇒ 90 ÷ 3 = 30

⇒ 30 = 30.

For, (250, 60, 70)

⇒ (250 - 70) ÷ 3 = 60

⇒ 180 ÷ 3 = 60

⇒ 60 = 60

Let's check with options:

Option 1) (700, 220, 40)

⇒ (700 - 40) ÷ 3 = 220

​⇒ 660 ÷ 3 = 220

​⇒ 220 = 220.

Here, logic followed.

Option 2) (240, 187, 104)

⇒ (240 - 104) ÷ 3 = 187

​⇒ 136 ÷ 3 = 187

​⇒ 45 ≠ 187

Option 3) (209, 122, 109)

⇒ (209 - 109) ÷ 3 = 122

​⇒ 100 ÷ 3 =122

​⇒ 33 ≠ 122.

Option 4) (310, 198, 30)

⇒ (310 - 30) ÷ 3 = 198

​⇒ 280 ÷ 3 = 198

​⇒ 93.3 ≠ 198.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

The logic followed here is:

Thus, GIM complete the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given: Six students are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1. Amit is sitting second to the left of Jia.

2. Sia is sitting second to the left of Amit.

3. Jia is an immediate Neighbour of both Varun and Pramod.

4. Amit is an immediate Neighbour of both Mahesh and Varun.

Thus, Pramod is the immediate Neighbour of Sia and Jia.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Addition of consecutive numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:  M ≥ N = O ≥ P ≤ W; X ≤ O > Y

Now,

Conclusions:

(i) M > Y → True (M ≥ N = O > Y It gives M > Y),

(ii) X ≤ W → False (M ≥ N = O ≥ P ≤ W; X ≤ O > Y No definite relation between X ≤ W).

Here, only conclusions I follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

3. Melancholy
4. Melanin
5. Mellowed
6. Melodious
7. Melodrama
8. Melting

The correct order is '3, 5, 6, 2, 1, 4'

Hence the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The meaningful sequence is :

3. Handle → Each drawer has handles.
4. Drawer → A cupboard contains drawers.
5. Cupboard → A cupboard is a type of furniture.
6. Furniture → Wood is the raw material used to make furniture.
7. Wood → Wood is the raw material, a natural resource obtained from trees.

So, the logical and meaningful order is '3, 4, 2, 1, 5'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The image embedded in the given figure is as shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Given equation: (√ 144 ÷ 4) + (6)2 - (25 × 2) + 72 + (32 ÷ 8) × 3 = 52

Option 1) 2 and 8

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (√ 144 ÷ 4) + (6)2 - (25 × 8) + 72 + (32 ÷ 2) × 3 = 52

⇒ 3 + 36 - 200 + 72 + 16 × 3 = 52

⇒ 3 + 36 - 200 + 72 + 48 = 52

⇒ 159 - 200 = 52

⇒ - 41 ≠ 52

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) 3 and 6

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (√ 144 ÷ 4) + (3)2 - (25 × 2) + 72 + (32 ÷ 8) × 6 = 52​​​

⇒ 3 + 9 - 50 + 72 + 4 × 6 = 52

⇒ 3 + 9 - 50 + 72 + 24 = 52

⇒ 108 - 50 = 52

⇒ 58 ≠ 52

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) 4 and 6

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ ​(√ 144 ÷ 6) + (4)2 - (25 × 2) + 72 + (32 ÷ 8) × 3 = 52

⇒ 2 + 16 - 50 + 72 + 4 × 3 = 52

⇒ 2 + 16 - 50 + 72 + 12 = 52

⇒ 102 - 50 = 52

⇒ 52 = 52 

⇒ LHS = RHS

Option 4) 2 and 4

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (√ 144 ÷ 2) + (6)2 - (25 × 4) + 72 + (32 ÷ 8) × 3 = 52

⇒ 6 + 36 - 100 + 72 + 4 × 3 = 52

⇒ 6 + 36 - 100 + 72 + 12 = 52

⇒ 126 - 100 = 52

⇒ 76 ≠ 52

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The positions of letter according to the English alphabet series:

The logic follows here is:

Option 1): ADW

Option 2): GTQ

Option 3): KNM

Option 4): RUF

The logic followed in Option (2) is different from others

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number × 3 - 4 = Second number,

Second number × 2 + 1 = Third number.

Given,

(7, 17, 35)

⇒ 7 × 3 - 4 = 17,

⇒ 17 × 2 + 1 = 35.

(5, 11, 23)

⇒ 5 × 3 - 4 = 11,

⇒11 × 2 + 1 = 23.

Now, checking the options:

Option 1): (11, 29, 58)

⇒ 11 × 3 - 4 = 29,

⇒ 29 × 2 + 1 ≠ 59.

Option 2): (9, 23, 47)

⇒ 9 × 3 - 4 = 23,

⇒ 23 × 2 + 1 = 47.

Option 3): (8, 20, 39)

⇒ 8 × 3 - 4 = 20,

⇒ 20 × 2 + 1 ≠ 41.

Option 4): (10, 26, 54)

⇒ 10 × 3 - 4 = 26,

⇒ 26 × 2 + 1 ≠ 53.

Hence, the correct option is "Option (2)".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The second word is the sound produced by the first word.

Here,

snake : Hiss ⇒ Hiss is the sound produced by the snake.

Similarly,

Leaves : Rustel ⇒ Rustel is the sound produced by the leaves.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The position and positional values or English Alphabets are:

The logic followed here is:

For, 'CREATE' is written as ‘DTHEYK’,

For,  'CRITICAL' is written as 'DTLXNIHT’,

Similarly, for 'SKILL',

So, 'SKILL'  will be written as 'TMLPQ'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The position and positional values or English Alphabets are:

The logic followed here is:

For, ‘COFFEE’ is written as ‘FTKKJH’,

For, ‘EXPERT’ is written as ‘HCUJWW’,

Similarly, for ‘FRENCH’,

So, ‘FRENCH’ will be written as 'IWJSHK'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The logic followed here is as follows:

• The movement of elements of steps 1 and 3 are similar as shown by the diagram.
• Similarly,  The movement of elements of steps 2 and 4 are similar as shown by the diagram.
• In step 2, number 3 changed to 4, and in step 4 sign = changed to the letter F.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)"

The paper after unfolded will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

DTXO, FSVN, JRRM, ?, XPDK

The logic followed in the given series is:

Here, 'PQLL' is the missing term.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given Statements:

All watches are cameras.

No camera is a pen.

Some watches are balls.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some balls are cameras. - True (It is given that some watches are balls and all watches are cameras, so, the balls which is watches is also cameras).

II. No ball is a pen - False (There is Not any definite relation is given between ball and pen, so it can be possible only).

III. No pen is a watch - True (It is given that all watches are cameras and no camera is pen, so, watches are also not pen).

So, Both conclusions I and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) FUW

Option 2) NMP

Option 3) KPR

Option 4) BYA

Here, 'NMP' is odd among the given options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

So, '149' is the missing number in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

Family Chart:

Decoding the Symbols:

 

Given: V + M ÷ R – K

It means: V is wife of M, M is brother of R, R is daughter of K.

 

So, R is the 'Husband’s sister' of V.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

In this, two logic are following in alternate figure.

Step I: 

Step II: 

Step III: 

Step IV: 

So, the complete series will be:

So, 'Option 4' will replace the question mark.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (1st number × 9) + (1st number - 5) = 2nd number.

Now,

For, 15 ∶ 145

⇒ (15 × 9 ) + (15 - 5)

⇒ 135 + 10 = 145.

For, 10 ∶ 95

⇒ (10 × 9 ) + (10 - 5)

⇒ 90 + 5 = 95.

Similarly, for 20 ∶ ?

⇒ (20 × 9) + (20 - 5)

⇒ 180 + 15 = 195.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

Shruti departs from her home and walks 47 m towards the west.

She then turns right and walks 18 m.

She turns left and walks 53 m.

She takes a final left turn and walks 30 m.

Now,

 A pole which is exactly 12 m to the south of her home

So, she is 100m away from the pole.

Hence, the correct answer is " Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (1st number + 3rd number) × 5 = 2nd number.

(2, 35, 5) 

⇒ (2 + 5) × 5 

⇒ 7 × 5 = 35.

(6, 50, 4)

⇒ (6 + 4) × 5​

⇒ 10 × 5 = 50.

Now, checking the options:

Option 1) (4, 45, 5)

⇒ (4 + 5) × 5

⇒ 9 × 5 = 45 = 45.

Option 2) (3, 35, 5)

⇒ (3 + 5) × 5

⇒ 8 × 5 = 40 ≠ 35.

Option 3) (9, 60, 4)

⇒ (9 + 4) × 5

⇒ 13 × 5 = 65 ≠ 65.

Option 4) (3, 100, 7)

⇒ (3 + 7) × 5

⇒ 10 × 5 = 50 ≠ 50.

Hence, the correct option is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Sublimation.

Key Points

• Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
• Deposition, on the other hand, is the reverse process where a gas transforms directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first.
• This makes sublimation the reverse of deposition as it involves a direct solid to gas transition.
• Both processes are phase transitions that occur under specific temperature and pressure conditions.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Tungsten.

Key Points

• The question identifies the odd term among the given options with respect to allotropes of carbon.
• Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element and can display quite different physical properties and chemical behaviors.
• Among the options given, Buckminsterfullerene, Graphite, and Diamond are all allotropes of carbon, each with a unique structure.
• Tungsten, denoted as option 3, is not an allotrope of carbon but a completely different chemical element with the atomic number 74.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Kadambas.

Key Points

• The Vatapi Chalukyas were initially under the Kadamba dynasty, which makes the correct answer option 4.
• This relationship signifies the complex feudal system of ancient and medieval India, where smaller kingdoms often paid tribute to larger empires.
• The Kadambas were a South Indian dynasty that ruled much of modern-day Karnataka. They were known for their contributions to temple architecture and support of Jainism and Hinduism.
• The Chalukyas of Vatapi later emerged as a significant power, establishing a vast empire that influenced South Indian politics and culture.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Thomas Roe.

Key Points

• Thomas Roe was an English diplomat sent by James I to the court of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1615.
• He successfully negotiated trading rights in 1617, allowing the East India Company to establish a factory in Surat.
• Roe's diplomacy laid the foundation for the future British presence in India.
• His detailed journal provides valuable insights into the Mughal court and its practices.

Additional Information

The correct answer is i - c, ii - a, iii - b. 

Key Points

• Sedimentary rock is formed from fragments of other rocks or the remains of plants or animals, which is option c.
• Metamorphic rock is transformed from its original state by high pressure and temperature without melting, which corresponds to option a.
• Igneous rock is derived from magma that was poured out or ejected at the Earth's surface, corresponding to option b.

Additional Information

• Sedimentary Rocks:
• Sedimentary rocks are typically formed through the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
• Common processes include weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification, which transform loose sediment into rock.
• Examples include limestone, shale, and sandstone, which often contain fossils and provide critical insights into the Earth's history.
• Metamorphic Rocks:
• Metamorphic rocks are formed under the surface of the Earth through the alteration of pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) by high heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
• The process, called metamorphism, changes the mineral structure and texture of the rock without melting it.
• Examples include gneiss, schist, and marble, which are used in various construction and artistic applications.
• Igneous Rocks:
• Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten magma, which cools either beneath the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.
• These rocks are primarily classified based on their composition and grain size. Common types include granite (intrusive) and basalt (extrusive).
• They are often valued for their hardness, durability, and in the case of pumice, for being so lightweight.

The correct answer is 1951, New Delhi.

Key Points

• The first Asian Games were held in 1951.
• The location of the event was New Delhi, India.
• This event marked the beginning of what would become a major multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia.
• The Asian Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympics.

Additional Information

• The Asian Games have been governed by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), since its first edition.
• They were created to help foster a sense of unity and cooperation among Asian nations through sports.
• The idea of the Asian Games was first proposed by Professor G.D. Sondhi in 1947.
• The Games feature a wide range of sports, some of which are particularly popular in Asia, and not featured in the Olympics, such as kabaddi and sepak takraw.

The correct answer is Arya Samaj.

Key Points

• The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875, is associated with the Shuddhi movement.
• Shuddhi ceremony aimed to reconvert those Hindus who had converted to other religions back to Hinduism.
• It was a significant part of Arya Samaj's efforts to purify Hindu society and restore Vedic principles.
• The movement was particularly focused on those who had been converted to Islam and Christianity, offering a way back to their ancestral faith.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Eosin.

Key Points

• Eosin is a fluorescent red dye used extensively in histology.
• It stains cytoplasm, collagen, muscle fibers, and red blood cells, providing contrast to hematoxylin's blue-purple staining.
• Its application is crucial in the H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining technique, which is a standard procedure in medical diagnosis.
• Eosin works by binding to positively charged proteins in cells, making it an acidophilic dye.

Additional Information

• The use of Eosin dates back to the late 19th century, making it a long-established tool in histological studies.
• It is not only used in biological staining but also has applications in inks, printing, and sometimes even in cosmetics.
• Due to its fluorescent properties, Eosin can also be used in fluorescence microscopy applications.
• The staining mechanism of Eosin involves the electrostatic attraction between the dye and the tissue components, leading to differential staining.

The correct answer is Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Family Courts (Amendment) Bill, 2022 seeks to amend the original act to extend its provisions to additional states.
• It specifically includes Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh under its jurisdiction, aiming to provide a specialized forum for the resolution of family disputes.
• The bill aims to facilitate quicker and more amicable resolutions to family disputes.
• Family Courts emphasize reconciliation and provide a more relaxed environment than traditional courts.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bharhut and Amravati.

Key Points

• Bharhut is known for its ancient Buddhist stupa and railings decorated with scenes from the Jataka tales.
• Amravati houses the Great Stupa which is famous for its intricate carvings that depict the life of the Buddha.
• Both sites have contributed significantly to the understanding of early Buddhist architecture and iconography.
• The art and inscriptions found at these locations offer insights into the socio-cultural and religious life of ancient India.

Additional Information

• Buddhism is one of the world's oldest religions, founded in the late 6th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. It spread from India to various parts of Asia and the rest of the world. Here are some key aspects:
• Buddhism emphasizes the path to enlightenment through practices like meditation, moral living, and mindfulness.
• The religion has three main branches: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana.
• Buddhist art and architecture, including stupas, monasteries, and sculptures, play a crucial role in the spread and preservation of Buddhist teachings.
• Iconic sites such as Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, and Lumbini are central to Buddhist pilgrimage, representing key events in the Buddha's life.

The correct answer is Siddharth Dhanvant Shanghvi.

Key Points

• 'The Last Song of Dusk' is a debut novel that garnered international acclaim upon its publication.
• The novel won the Betty Trask Award, a prestigious UK award for debut novels written by authors under the age of 35.
• It is known for its rich narrative, unique characters, and the emotional depth it brings to the readers.
• Siddharth Dhanvant Shanghvi's work has been translated into several languages, highlighting its global appeal.

Additional Information

The correct answer is T Balasaraswati.

Key Points

• T Balasaraswati was a celebrated exponent of Bharatanatyam, an Indian classical dance form.
• She was known for her exceptional ability to express the depth of emotions required in Bharatanatyam.
• Balasaraswati's performances and teaching significantly contributed to the popularization of Bharatanatyam globally.
• She received numerous awards, including the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Vibhushan, for her contributions to Indian classical dance.

Additional Information

• Bharatanatyam is a major form of Indian classical dance that originated in the Tamil Nadu region of South India. Here are some key aspects:
• It is known for its grace, purity, tenderness, and sculpturesque poses.
• Bharatanatyam is often performed as a narrative dance, which includes nrita (pure dance), nritya (solo expressive dance), and natya (group dramatic dance).
• The dance form was traditionally passed down through the 'Devadasi' system, where young women were 'married' to deities and performed in temples.
• In the 20th century, Bharatanatyam transitioned from temples to the stage, becoming a popular and respected art form worldwide.

The correct answer is 1988.

Key Points

• The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act was originally enacted in 1988.
• This law was designed to curb and penalize benami transactions.
• A benami transaction is one where a property is bought by an individual but is held in the name of another person without any valid reason.
• The act provides for the confiscation of benami properties by the government.
• Amendments have been made over the years to strengthen the law and widen its scope.

Additional Information

• The term benami is Persian for "without a name" indicating the anonymity of the property's true ownership.
• To strengthen and plug the loopholes in the original act, the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act was passed in 2016.
• This amendment act introduced a more comprehensive definition of benami transactions, established adjudicating authorities, and set harsher penalties for offenders.

The correct answer is Ellora Caves.

Key Points

• The Kailash temple is an example of rock-cut architecture, representing the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture.
• It is located in the Ellora Caves, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is known for its immense size and intricate carvings, which include depictions of various gods, goddesses, and mythological themes.
• The construction of the Kailash temple is attributed to the 8th-century ruler Krishna I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Viktor E Frankl.

Key Points

• Viktor E. Frankl was an Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist, Holocaust survivor, and the author of "Man's Search for Meaning".
• The book details his experiences in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II and describes his psychotherapeutic method of finding a reason to live.
• Frankl's theory, known as logotherapy, is based on the belief that human nature is motivated by the search for a life purpose.
• "Man's Search for Meaning" has sold over 12 million copies and has been translated into more than 24 languages.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Mexico.

Key Points

• High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds were a major component of the Green Revolution.
• These seeds, developed in Mexico, are credited with significantly increasing food production.
• The introduction of HYV seeds in India marked the beginning of the Green Revolution in the 1960s.
• These seeds require proper irrigation and chemical fertilizers to produce higher yields.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Jharkhand.

Key Points

• Sohrai is primarily a harvest festival celebrated in Jharkhand, marking the end of the harvesting season.
• The Karam festival is associated with fertility and is celebrated with great enthusiasm by the tribal communities of Jharkhand.
• Jawa is another festival celebrated in Jharkhand, symbolizing the sowing of new crops.
• These festivals reflect the rich cultural heritage and agrarian traditions of Jharkhand.

Additional Information

• Jharkhand is a state in eastern India, known for its rich mineral resources, dense forests, and diverse cultural traditions.
• The state was formed on 15th November 2000, carved out of the southern part of Bihar.
• Jharkhand's culture is a blend of various indigenous tribal communities, making it rich in folk traditions, music, and dance.
• It is also home to several National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, including Betla National Park and Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary.

The correct answer is Ecological niche.

Key Points

• The concept of the ecological niche was proposed by G. Evelyn Hutchinson in 1957.
• It describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (i.e., by growing when resources are abundant, and when predators, parasites, and pathogens are scarce).
• An ecological niche refers to the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.
• Hutchinson's concept of a "niche" includes both the space a species occupies and the functional role it plays within the ecological community.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bhutan.

Key Points

• Paro Tsechu is a highly popular religious dance festival celebrated annually in Paro, Bhutan.
• It is one of Bhutan's most significant and colorful cultural events, attracting both locals and tourists.
• The festival lasts for several days and includes dances performed by trained monks and laymen in elaborate costumes.
• It is a spiritual event meant to impart moral instruction, celebrate Bhutanese culture, and protect the country from misfortunes.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Indira PP Bora is a renowned exponent of classical Indian dances, including Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, and Sattriya.
• She hails from Assam, a state known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse classical and folk dance forms.
• Indira PP Bora has been honored with the prestigious Padma Shri award, recognizing her contributions to the field of Indian classical dance.
• Her work has significantly contributed to the promotion and preservation of Sattriya dance, which is a classical dance form originating from the monasteries of Assam.

Additional Information

• Sattriya dance is recognized as one of the eight classical dance forms of India by the Sangeet Natak Academy.
• It was introduced in the 15th century by the great Assamese saint and reformer, Srimanta Sankardev.
• This dance form was initially performed only by male monks (Bhokots) in monasteries (Satras) as a part of their daily rituals or to mark special festivals.
• Over time, Sattriya has evolved and gained popularity among the general public, with both men and women performing it on stage across India and abroad.

The correct answer is Non-food grains excluded.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution significantly increased India's food grain production.
• It introduced high-yielding varieties of seeds and improved irrigation techniques.
• While it benefitted farmers, led to industrial growth, and reduced food grain imports, it also had some negative impacts.
• Non-food grains were largely excluded from the benefits, leading to a lack of diversity in crops.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Zinc.

Key Points

• Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is crucial for the proper functioning and structure of insulin, a hormone vital for glucose metabolism.
• It plays a significant role in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin, ensuring that insulin is correctly formed and available when the body needs it.
• Zinc is also involved in the formation of insulin crystals within the beta cells of the pancreas, which is essential for the storage of insulin in its hexameric form.
• The presence of zinc is necessary to maintain the structural integrity of insulin, allowing it to effectively bind to its receptor and facilitate glucose uptake.

Additional Information

Key Points

• The Guru Gangadhar Pradhan Award is specifically associated with the field of dance.
• This award commemorates the legacy of Guru Gangadhar Pradhan, a prominent figure in Indian classical dance, particularly in Odissi.
• It aims to recognize and honor outstanding contributions and achievements in the realm of dance.
• The award serves as an inspiration for artists to strive for excellence in their respective fields of dance.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Sajan Prakash.

Key Points

• Sajan Prakash was announced as the best male athlete at the 36th National Games 2022.
• He is a renowned Indian swimmer known for his exceptional skills in the water.
• Sajan Prakash made history by becoming the first Indian swimmer to qualify for the Olympic Games through the 'A' standard time in swimming.
• His achievements have significantly contributed to elevating the status of Indian swimming on the global stage.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 9.

Key Points

• The Tirupati Tirumala Brahmotsavam is organised for 9 days.
• It is one of the most significant and auspicious festivals in South India.
• The festival takes place at the Sri Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala, Tirupati.
• It attracts millions of devotees from all over the world.
• The Brahmotsavam festival is celebrated in honor of Lord Venkateswara, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.

Additional Information

• The Sri Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala, Tirupati, is among the most visited and wealthiest temples in the world. Here are some more insights:
• It is located in the hill town of Tirumala, near Tirupati, in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• The temple is dedicated to Lord Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu, who is believed to have appeared here to save mankind from trials and troubles of Kali Yuga.
• The temple's architecture is a brilliant example of Dravidian architecture with its gopuram (tower) being a distinctive feature.
• The annual Brahmotsavam festival is the most important and auspicious event celebrated in this temple.
• The prasadam offered at this temple, known as "Tirupati Laddu", is famous worldwide for its unique taste.

The correct answer is Justice DY Chandrachud.

Key Points

• Justice DY Chandrachud took oath as the 50th Chief Justice of India in November 2022.
• He succeeded Justice UU Lalit, who retired on November 8, 2022.
• Justice Chandrachud is known for his landmark judgments, including the decriminalization of adultery and the right to privacy.
• He is expected to serve as the Chief Justice of India until his retirement on November 10, 2024.​​

Additional Information

• The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India.
• The CJI is appointed by the President of India based on seniority and recommendations.
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India.
• It has the power of judicial review, allowing it to invalidate any law passed by the Parliament that is found to be unconstitutional.

The correct answer is  Once in a year.

Key Points

• The Kalidas Samman is awarded once in a year.
• It is a prestigious award presented by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.
• The award is given in recognition of outstanding achievement in the fields of arts and literature.
• It was instituted in 1980.
• The award includes a cash prize, a shawl, and a citation.

Additional Information

• The Kalidas Samman is named after Kalidasa, a renowned Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language.
• His works have had a profound impact on Indian culture and literature over the centuries.
• Kalidasa's creations, such as 'Abhijnanashakuntalam' and 'Meghaduta', are considered literary masterpieces and have been translated into various languages.

The correct answer is Troposphere.

Key Points

• The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where nearly all weather conditions take place.
• It extends from Earth's surface up to the stratosphere, with its height varying from about 8 kilometers (5 miles) at the poles to 18 kilometers (11 miles) at the equator.
• Most clouds form within this layer, and it contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass.
• Temperature decreases with altitude in the troposphere, leading to the circulation of air masses and the formation of weather phenomena.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Repo rate.

Key Points

• The Repo Rate is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds.
• It is a tool used by the RBI to control inflation and liquidity in the economy.
• Commercial banks can borrow money from the RBI by selling their securities with an agreement to repurchase them at a fixed rate.
• The Repo Rate is part of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) which allows banks to borrow money through repurchase agreements.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 25.51%.

Key Points

• The national female workforce participation rate as per the Census of India 2011 is 0.2551 or 25.51%.
• This figure indicates the percentage of the female population that was engaged in the workforce at the time of the census.
• It highlights the challenges and barriers faced by women in accessing employment opportunities in India.
• Efforts have been made to increase this rate through various government and non-governmental initiatives.

Additional Information

• The Census of India is conducted every 10 years to collect comprehensive data on the demographic, economic, and social conditions of the population.
• The 2011 Census was the 15th National Census of India since 1872.
• It provides vital data used for planning, policy formulation, and allocation of resources by the government.
• The Census also includes detailed information on literacy rates, housing, and amenities, besides employment figures.

The correct answer is Fees and fines collected is an example of capital receipt. 

Key Points

• Fees and fines are classified as revenue receipts because they are the government's income from providing services or enforcing law and order.
• They do not result in any liability nor lead to a decrease in government assets, distinguishing them from capital receipts.
• Capital receipts are mainly from loans, disinvestment, or recovery of past loans, which either increase liabilities or decrease assets.

Additional Information

• Revenue receipt:
• Revenue receipts are those receipts that neither create any liability nor cause any reduction in the assets of the government
• Capital Receipts:
• Capital receipts are majorly involved in financing the expenditure that leads to the creation or liquidation of assets.
• Examples include proceeds from the sale of government shares, borrowing, or repayment of loans.

The correct answer is They are found in the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. 

Key Points

• Moist deciduous forests primarily grow in areas with rainfall between 100 to 200 cm.
• They are prevalent in the foothills of the Himalayas, parts of central India, and along the eastern Ghats.
• Sal, amla, shisham, and mahua are common species found in these forests.
• While there are deciduous forests in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, they are not typically classified as moist deciduous due to the different environmental conditions.

Additional Information

• Distribution:
• Moist deciduous forests are also found in Orissa and along the foothills of the Western Ghats.
• Ecological Importance:
• These forests play a critical role in maintaining the ecological balance, supporting diverse wildlife, and aiding in the regulation of the climate.
• Conservation Efforts:
• Efforts are ongoing to preserve these forests, which face threats from logging and land conversion for agriculture and development.

The correct answer is decreasing.

Key Points

• The decreasing temperature with increasing altitude in the Himalayas is a significant factor affecting the distribution and types of vegetation found at different elevations.
• This phenomenon is due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure and temperature as altitude increases, which affects the growth conditions for plants.
• At higher altitudes, the environment becomes less hospitable for many species of plants, leading to distinct vegetation zones that are characterized by the types of plants that can adapt to the conditions of those zones.
• These zones range from tropical and subtropical forests at lower elevations, to temperate forests and alpine vegetation at higher elevations.

Additional Information

• The Himalayas are the world's highest mountain range and have a profound impact on the climate of the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan plateau.
• They prevent frigid, dry winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents.
• The Himalayas are also responsible for the monsoon pattern seen in the Indian subcontinent, which has a significant impact on the region's climate and agriculture.
• Additionally, the Himalayas host a diverse range of ecosystems and are home to several plant and animal species that are endemic to the region.

The correct answer is Portugal.

Key Points

• Cristiano Ronaldo is a professional footballer from Portugal.
• He has won five Ballon d'Or awards, which are given annually to the world's best male footballer.
• Ronaldo has played for clubs such as Sporting Lisbon, Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Juventus.
• He is known for his incredible goal-scoring records, athleticism, and leadership on the field.

Additional Information

• Cristiano Ronaldo was born on February 5, 1985, in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
• Aside from his football career, Ronaldo is also known for his extensive charity work, including donations to children's hospitals, disaster relief efforts, and cancer research.
• He has become one of the most marketable and highest-paid athletes in the world, with numerous endorsement deals.
• Ronaldo has also ventured into business, owning a fashion boutique and a chain of CR7 hotels.

The correct answer is The King.

Key Points

• The King can move exactly one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. This rule is what makes the King's movements unique in chess.
• Unlike other pieces, such as the Queen or the Rook, the King has a limitation in its range of movement, emphasizing the need for protection.
• The King is also involved in a special move called castling, which is the only move that allows two pieces, the King and a Rook, to move at the same time.
• Protecting the King is the primary objective in chess, as the game ends when the King is checkmated.

Additional Information

• Chess is believed to have originated in India around the 6th century AD, known as Chaturanga back then.
• It spread into Persia, became known as Shatranj, and later evolved in Europe where it got its current form in the 15th century.
• The International Chess Federation (FIDE), founded in 1924, governs international chess competition.
• Magnus Carlsen of Norway is one of the highest-rated chess Grandmasters as of the current records.

The correct answer is Harisena.

Key Points

• Harisena composed the Allahabad Pillar Inscription, also known as the Prashasti, which glorifies the achievements of Samudragupta.
• The Prashasti is a prime source of information about Samudragupta's military conquests and governance.
• It is written in classical Sanskrit, using the Nagari script, and is an example of high literary merit as well as historical significance.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana.

Key Points

• The 'Urban Self Employment Programme' and the 'Urban Wage Employment Programme' are integral components of the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY).
• This programme was initiated by the Government of India to provide employment to the urban unemployed and underemployed through the encouragement of setting up self-employment ventures or provision of wage employment.
• This scheme aims to address urban poverty by enabling the community and the poor to gain access to income-generating opportunities.
• SJSRY encompasses skill training and financial support to facilitate beneficiaries in starting their ventures or finding suitable employment.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Article 15.

Key Points

• Article 15 of the Indian Constitution allows the state to make special provisions for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• This article is designed to ensure that there is equality and that backward sections of society are uplifted to bring them on par with others.
• It prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 15 empowers the state to make affirmative action policies, including reservations in educational institutions and government jobs.

Additional Information

The correct answer is When doses are taken higher than recommended. 

Key Points

• Medicines become potential poisons when dosages exceed the levels deemed safe and effective by medical guidelines.
• Overdosing can lead to toxic effects which may cause severe organ damage or even be fatal.
• It is crucial to follow the prescribed amount and frequency to avoid adverse effects and ensure the drug's efficacy and safety.

Additional Information

• Therapeutic Window:
• Drugs have a therapeutic window which is the range between the minimum effective dose and the toxic dose.
• Staying within this window is crucial for the safe use of any medication.
• Monitoring and Adjustments:
• Regular monitoring of drug levels may be necessary, especially for medications with a narrow therapeutic window.
• Dose adjustments based on individual responses and interactions with other medications are vital for maintaining safety.
• Risk Awareness:
• Patients and caregivers should be educated about the risks of overdose and the importance of adhering to prescribed dosages.

The correct answer is Z.

Key Points

• Henry Moseley discovered that the atomic number of an element is a more fundamental property than its atomic mass.
• Moseley used the symbol Z to denote the atomic number, which represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• This discovery led to the reorganization of the periodic table based on atomic numbers rather than atomic masses.
• Moseley's work provided the foundation for the modern periodic law, which states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

Additional Information

• Henry Moseley was an English physicist who made significant contributions to the understanding of atomic structure.
• His experiments with X-ray spectra allowed him to determine the charge on the nucleus of atoms, leading to the accurate determination of atomic numbers.
• Moseley's law mathematically related the frequency of X-rays emitted by an element to its atomic number.
• Tragically, Moseley was killed in World War I, cutting short a brilliant scientific career that had already had a profound impact on chemistry and physics.

The correct answer is Baldev Singh.

Key Points

• Baldev Singh was appointed as the first Defence Minister of independent India in 1947.
• He played a significant role in integrating the princely states into the Indian Union.
• During his tenure, India faced the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948 over the disputed territory of Kashmir.
• Baldev Singh's efforts were crucial in setting up the infrastructure for India's defence forces post-independence.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Padma Vibhushan.

Key Points

• Mulayam Singh Yadav was posthumously awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2023, which is India's second-highest civilian award.
• This prestigious award recognizes his exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in public affairs.
• The Padma Vibhushan is one of the three Padma awards announced annually on the eve of Republic Day.
• The award is a testament to Mulayam Singh Yadav's significant contributions to Indian politics and society.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 21 June.

Key Points

• International Yoga Day is celebrated on 21st June every year.
• This day was officially recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2014.
• The proposal was first introduced by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, during his speech at the UNGA.
• The day aims to raise awareness worldwide of the many benefits of practicing yoga.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Garhwali folk music.

Key Points

• Madhuri Barthwal is a renowned figure in the realm of Indian folk music, specifically known for her contributions to Garhwali folk music.
• Her recognition with the prestigious Padma Shri award in 2022 highlights her significant impact on preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of Uttarakhand.
• Garhwali folk music, to which Barthwal has dedicated her life, plays a critical role in the social and cultural life of the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India.
• Through her music, Madhuri Barthwal has not only entertained audiences but also worked towards keeping the Garhwali language and traditions alive for future generations.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Rigveda.

Key Points

• The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text and is one of the four sacred canonical texts (śruti) of Hinduism known as the Vedas.
• It is composed of 1028 hymns (Suktas) divided into 10 books or mandalas.
• The hymns are dedicated to various deities, primarily the Rigvedic deities like Agni (Fire), Indra (the king of gods), and Soma (a sacred potion or plant).
• The Rigveda provides insights into the social, religious, and political life of the early Vedic people, making it a crucial source for understanding ancient Indian history and culture.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Hyderabad.

Key Points

• The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is located in Hyderabad.
• NRSC is responsible for the acquisition of data from satellites and its processing for various applications.
• It operates under the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• NRSC's work supports applications in agriculture, water resources, urban planning, and rural development, among others.
• The centre plays a crucial role in satellite-based monitoring and provides invaluable data for disaster management.

Additional Information