SSC Stenographer 2023 Official Paper (Held On: 13 Oct, 2023 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Let's check each option,

1) ÷ and + 

→ 396 + 2 × 4 – 217 ÷ 74 = 935

→ 396 + 2 × 4 – 217/74 = 935

→ 396 + 8 – 217/74 = 935

→ 404 – 217/74 ≠ 935

→ LHS ≠ RHS

2) – and +

→ 396 ÷ 2 × 4 + 217 - 74 = 935

→ 198 × 4 + 217 - 74 = 935

→ 792 + 217 - 74 = 935

→ 1009 - 74 = 935

→ 935 = 935

→ LHS = RHS → Satisfies the equation.

3) ÷ and –

→ 396 - 2 × 4 ÷ 217 + 74 = 935

→ 396 - 2 × 4/217 + 74 = 935

→ 396 - 8/217 + 74 = 935

→ 470 - 8/217 ≠ 935

→ LHS ≠ RHS

4) + and ×

→ 396 ÷ 2 + 4 – 217 × 74 = 935

→ 198 + 4 – 217 × 74 = 935

→ 198 + 4 – 16058 = 935

→ 202 – 16058 ≠ 935

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Here, we can see that only Option 2 satisfy the equation.

Hence, the correct answer is "– and +".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Vowels are subtracted with 1, Consonants are added with 2.

CRUSADE: ETTUZFD

MUSICAL: OTUHEZN

Similarly,

AUGUST: ?

 

Hence, the correct answer is "ZTITUV".

The equation we get after changing the signs,

→ 18 × 20 - 162 ÷ 9 + 19 =? 

→ 18 × 20 - 18 + 19 =? 

→ 360 - 18 + 19 =? 

→ 379 - 18 =?

→ 361 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "361".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "XWV".

According to the given information,

1) Gurman drove 28 km towards the West.

2. Then she took a left turn and drove 22 km.

3) She then took a right turn and drove 18 km.

4) She again took a right turn and drove 22 km.

The total distance from her starting point = (28 + 18) = 46 km.

Hence, the correct answer is "46 km".

The logic followed here is,

Editor: Article → An editor is the person responsible for assembling, coordinating, or reviewing the content of an article.

Similarly,

Choreographer: ? → A choreographer is a person who coordinates and reviews the dance.

Hence, the correct answer is "Dance".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "64".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: First Number = (Second Number)² - 1

195 ∶ 14

→ 195 = (14)² - 1

→ 195 = 196 - 1

8 ∶ 3

→ 8 = (3)2 - 1

→ 8 = 9 - 1

Similarly,

? ∶ 18

→ ? = (18)2 - 1

→ ? = 324 - 1 = 323

Hence, the correct answer is "323".

The least possible venn diagram can be drawn as,

Conclusions: 

I. Some tables are beds → Not Follows (This is possible but not definite).

II. Some cupboards are chairs → Follows (Because all tables are cupboards, and some tables are chairs).

III. Some cupboards are beds → Not Follows (This is possible but not definite).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion II follows".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: First Number = (Second Number)³ - (Second Number)

990 ∶ 10

→ 990 = (10)³ - 10

→ 990 = 1000 - 10

210 ∶ 6

→ 210 = (6)3 - 6

→ 210 = 216 - 6

Similarly,

? ∶ 9

→ ? = (9)3 - 9

→ ? = 729 - 9 = 720

Hence, the correct answer is "720".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Second Number = (First Number + 5)²

11 ∶ 256

→ 256 = (11 + 5)²

→ 256 = (16)²

14 ∶ 361

→ 361 = (14 + 5)²

→ 361 = (19)²

Similarly,

? ∶ 1024 

→ 1024 = (? + 5)2

→ (32)² = (? + 5)²

→ 32 = (? + 5) ⇒ ? = (32 - 5) = 27

Hence, the correct answer is "27".

Let's check each option,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Let's check two different positions of the same dice,

Here, two faces X and Y are common. ⇒ V is opposite to U.

Hence, the correct answer is "U".

Let's check all option,

1) FNKP

2) AIFK

3) WEBG

4) DLJM

Here, we can see that Option 4 is different from the others.

Hence, the correct answer is "DLJM".

Let's check each option,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "693".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "86".

The least possible venn diagram that can be drawn is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. Some ceilings being dogs is a possibility → Follows (Because all dogs are beds and some beds are ceilings, so this is possible).

II. No dog is an apple → Follows (Because all dogs are beds, and no bed is Apple).

III. All beds are dogs → Not Follows (Because some beds are dogs).

IV. No ceiling is an apple → Not Follows (Because it is possible but not definite).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only Conclusions I and II follow".

Let's check each option,

Here, we can see that Option 3 follows a repeating pattern of "ACEGI".

Hence, the correct answer is "E A E C G A G".

Let's check each option,

1) YADI

2) FHKP

3) DFIN

4) TVZE

Here, we can see that Option 4 is different from others.

Hence, the correct answer is "TVZE".

Let's count the triangles,

Here, we can see that there are 15 triangles.

Hence, the correct answer is "15".

Let's check each option,

1) + and ÷

→ 200 ÷ 180 + 12 × 9 - 55 = 120

→ 10/9 + 12 × 9 - 55 = 120

→ 10/9 + 108 - 55 = 120

→ 982/9 - 55 ≠ 120

→ LHS ≠ RHS

2) + and -

→ 200 - 180 ÷ 12 × 9 + 55 = 120

→ 200 - 15 × 9 + 55 = 120

→ 200 - 135 + 55 = 120

→ 255 - 135 = 120

→ LHS = RHS ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

3) × and -

→ 200 + 180 ÷ 12 × 9 - 55 = 120

→ 200 + 15 × 9 - 55 = 120

→ 200 + 135 - 55 = 120

→ 335 - 55 = 120

→ 280 ≠ 120

→ LHS ≠ RHS

4) + and ×

→ 200 × 180 ÷ 12 + 9 - 55 = 120

→ 200 × 15 + 9 - 55 = 120

→ 3000 + 9 - 55 = 120

→ 3009 - 55 = 120

→ 2954 ≠ 120

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Here, we can see that only Option 2 satisfies the equation.

Hence, the correct answer is "+ and -".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Second Number = (First Number + Third Number) × 2

(4, 42, 17)

→ 42 = (4 + 17) × 2

→ 42 = 21 × 2

(6, 86, 37) 

→ 86 = (6 + 37) × 2

→ 86 = 43 × 2

Now, let's check each option,

1) (8, 164, 65) 

→ 164 = (8 + 65) × 2

→ 164 ≠ 73 × 2

2) (9, 180, 82)

→ 180 = (9 + 82) × 2

→ 180 ≠ 91 × 2

3) (5, 52, 26) 

→ 52 = (5 + 26) × 2

→ 52 ≠ 31 × 2

4) (7, 114, 50) 

→ 114 = (7 + 50) × 2

→ 114 = 57 × 2 ⇒ Satisfies the logic.

Here, we can see that only Option 4 satisfies the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "(7, 114, 50)".

The logic followed here is,

Cygnet: Swan → A cygnet is a young swan.

Similarly,

Colt: ? → A colt is a young male horse.

Hence, the correct answer is "Horse".

The correct arrangement as per the English dictionary is shown below,

6) Mecamylamine 

4) Mechanical

5) Meclizine

1) Meconium

2) Medication

3) Mediocrity

Hence, the correct answer is "6, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "DIFD".

According to the given information,

1) Neither A nor D is sitting at any of the extreme ends of the row.

2. A is sitting to the immediate right of D.

3) P is facing the person who is sitting second to the right of D. 

4) Only two people are sitting between P and Q.

5) C is sitting to the immediate right of E.

6) B is facing the person who is sitting second to the right of R.

7. S is sitting at one of the positions to the right of T.

Here, we can see that C is facing T.

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

After replacing the signs, the equation we get:

→ 27 × 7 - 39 ÷ 3 + 47 =? 

→ 27 × 7 - 13 + 47 =? 

→ 189 - 13 + 47 =?

→ 236 - 13 =?

→ 223 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "223".

The least possible venn diagram has been shown below,

Conclusions:

I. Some snails being crows is a possibility → Follows (Because it is not definite, but it is possible).

II. No turtle is a crow → Not Follows (Because it is not definite, but it is possible).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

The given expressions are: A = B > C = D and F < E = D < A.

On combining the expressions, we get: A = B > C = D = E > F

Now, let's check each option,

1) F < C → True

2) D > F → True

3) C = E → True

4) A < D → False

Hence, the correct answer is "A < D".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "290".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "29.75".

Let's check each option,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The equation we get after interchanging the signs,

→ 14 + 3 × 8 - 63 ÷ 9 =?

→ 14 + 3 × 8 - 7 =?

→ 14 + 24 - 7 =?

→ 38 - 7 =?

→ 31 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "31".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: The words have been coded as the sum of the positional values of the letters.

BROADLY → (2 + 18 + 15 + 1 + 4 + 12 + 25) = 77

FRANTIC → (6 + 18 + 1 + 14 + 20 + 9 + 3) = 71

Similarly,

CRUMBLE → (3 + 18 + 21 + 13 + 2 + 12 + 5) = 74

Hence, the correct answer is "74".

According to the given information,

1) Indira starts from point A, which is 7 km towards East of point B.

2) From point A, she drives 4 km towards East.

3) From here, she takes a left turn and drives 9 km.

4) She then takes a left turn, drives 9 km and stops at point C.

5) If from point C, Indira drives 9 km towards South.

Hence, the correct answer is "2 km".

The logic follows here:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

In figure 1 and 2,

In figure 2 and 3,

In figure 3 and 4,

In figure 4 and 5,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given date: 28 January 2002.

Now,

Till 2002 → 2000 + 2

 

In 2000 Years the odd day is 0,

In 2 Years the odd day is 2,

And, from 1st Jan 2002 to 28 Jan 2002:

→ 27 days in January (since we are considering up to the 28th): 27 days.

Total odd days → 2 + 27 = 29 days = 29/ 7 = 4 weeks and 1 odd days.

→ 1 represents Monday.

So, 28 January 2002 is a Monday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Monday".

Given Symbols and their meanings:

Given expression: C - M + S + K × R # T

Decoding the expression step-by-step:

C - M means C is M's mother.

M + S means M is S's brother.

S + K means S is K's brother.

K × R means K is R's husband.

R # T means R is T's daughter-in-law.

Family Chart:

Now check all the options:

K and M are brothers. (Correct)

T is S's father. (Correct)

S is C's grandson. (Incorrect, as S is the son of C)

R is the wife of M's brother. (Correct)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

When the paper gets unfolded, we get:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: The triangles are getting flipped on consecutive basis (One by one).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The family tree can be drawn as shown below,

Hence, the correct answer is "Father’s sister’s son".

According to the given information,

1) E is sitting at one extreme end.

2. E is sitting second to the left of C.

3) B is sitting between C and A, whereas G and A are not sitting at any extreme end.

4) F is seated immediately right of D.

Thus, the final arrangement is,

Here, we can see that B is sitting in the middle.

Hence, the correct answer is "B".

Let's check each option,

1) 7 and 6

→ 27 × 3 – (6)2 + 19 + (69 ÷ 23) × 7 – 15 = 70 

→ 27 × 3 – (6)2 + 19 + 3 × 7 – 15 = 70 

→ 81 – (6)2 + 19 + 21 – 15 = 70

→ 121 – (6)2 – 15 = 70

→ 85 – 15 = 70

→ 70 = 70

→ LHS = RHS ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

2) 19 and 15

→ 27 × 3 – (7)² + 15 + (69 ÷ 23) × 6 – 19 = 70 

→ 27 × 3 – 49 + 15 + 3 × 6 – 19 = 70 

→ 81 – 49 + 15 + 18 – 19 = 70 

→ 114 – 49 – 19 = 70 

→ 46 ≠ 70

→ LHS ≠ RHS

3) 3 and 7

→ 27 × 7 – (3)2 + 19 + (69 ÷ 23) × 6 – 15 = 70 

→ 27 × 7 – 9 + 19 + 3 × 6 – 15 = 70 

→ 189 – 9 + 19 + 18 – 15 = 70 

→ 127 – 9 – 15 = 70 

→ 103 ≠ 70

→ LHS ≠ RHS

4) 3 and 6

→ 27 × 6 – (7)2 + 19 + (69 ÷ 23) × 3 – 15 = 70 

→ 27 × 6 – (7)2 + 19 + 3 × 3 – 15 = 70 

→ 162 – 49 + 19 + 9 – 15 = 70 

→ 190 – 49 – 15 = 70 

→ 126 ≠ 70

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Here, we can see that only Option 1 satisfies the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "7 and 6".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: First Number = (Second Number × Third Number) ÷ 2

(605, 110, 11)

→ 605 = (110 × 11) ÷ 2

→ 605 = 1210 ÷ 2

(660, 40, 33) 

→ 660 = (40 × 33) ÷ 2

→ 660 = 1320 ÷ 2

Let's check each option,

1) (612, 180, 13)

→ 612 = (180 × 13) ÷ 2

→ 612 ≠ 2340 ÷ 2 

2) (720, 120, 12) 

→ 720 = (120 × 12) ÷ 2

→ 720 = 1440 ÷ 2 ⇒ Satisfies the logic.

3) (519, 222, 11)

→ 519 = (222 × 11) ÷ 2

→ 519 ≠ 2442 ÷ 2

4) (711, 188, 16)

→ 711 = (188 × 16) ÷ 2

→ 711 ≠ 3008 ÷ 2

Here, we can see that only Option 2 satisfies the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "(720, 120, 12)".

The least possible venn diagram that can be drawn is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. Some locks are keys → Follows (Because all keys are locks).

II. All handles are keys → Not follows (Because all keys are locks and all locks are handles).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

According to the given information,

1) A is shorter than only two people.

_ > _ > A > _ > _ > _ > _

2) D is taller than only B.

_ > _ > A > _ > _ > D > B

3) F is taller than A but shorter than G. 

G > F > A > _ > _ > D > B

4) C is taller than E.

G > F > A > C > E > D > B

Here, we can see that two people are shorter than E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Two".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Second Number = First Number × (Third Number ÷ 2)

(14, 98, 14)

→ 98 = 14 × (14 ÷ 2)

→ 98 = 14 × 7

(16, 144, 18) 

→ 144 = 16 × (18 ÷ 2)

→ 144 = 16 × 9

Now, let's check each option,

1) (31, 198, 16) 

→ 198 = 31 × (16 ÷ 2)

→ 198 ≠ 31 × 8

2) (29, 122, 19)

→ 122 = 29 × (19 ÷ 2)

→ 122 ≠ 29 × 9.5

3) (24, 187, 14) 

→ 187 = 24 × (14 ÷ 2)

→ 187 ≠ 24 × 7

4) (22, 132, 12)

→ 132 = 22 × (12 ÷ 2)

→ 132 = 22 × 6 ⇒ Satisfies the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "(22, 132, 12)".

The correct arrangement of the words in a logical and meaningful order is shown below,

4) Letter

1) Word

3) Sentence

2) Paragraph

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 1, 3, 2".

The correct answer is Slave dynasty.

 Key Points

• Mameluke Architecture:-
• Mameluke architecture is characterized by its use of stone, brick, and wood, as well as its rich ornamentation.
• The Mameluke style of architecture belongs to the Slave Sultanate.
• Common features of Mamluk architecture include:
• Pointed arches: These arches are often decorated with intricate geometric patterns.
• Muqarnas: These are honeycomb-like decorative forms that are often used to create transitions between different architectural elements.
• Ablaq: This is a technique of alternating between different colors of stone, such as white and red, to create a striped effect.
• Mashrabiyas: These are wooden latticework windows that are often used to filter light and provide privacy.
• Slave dynasty:-
• The Slave dynasty, also known as the Mamluk dynasty, was a dynasty of Indian sultans of Turkish origin that ruled over Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290 CE.
• The dynasty was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a former slave of Muhammad of Ghor, who became the first sultan of Delhi after Muhammad's death in 1206.

 Additional Information

• Lodi dynasty:-
• It is also known as the Afghan dynasty, was a Pashtun dynasty that ruled over the Delhi Sultanate in India from 1451 to 1526.
• The dynasty was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi, a Pashtun chief from Multan, who replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
• Khalji dynasty:-
• It was the second dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320.
• It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji, a Pashtun general from the region of Ghazni in present-day Afghanistan.
• The Khalji dynasty is noted for its military expansion, administrative reforms, and cultural patronage.
• Tughlaq dynasty:-
• It was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in medieval India.
• It lasted from 1320 to 1413 and was known for its ambitious reforms and its eventual decline.

The correct answer is IR8.

Key Points

• IR8:-
• It is also known as "miracle rice," is a high-yielding semi-dwarf rice variety developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the early 1960s.
• It was developed by an IRRI team consisting of Jennings, Hank Beachell, Akira Tanaka, T.T. Chang, S.K. De Datta, and Robert Chandler.
• The variety of rice known as the "miracle rice" for India is IR8.
• It was capable of producing up to 5 tons of rice per hectare, a significant increase over the traditional tall rice varieties that yielded around 1-2 tons per hectare.
• This breakthrough in rice production marked the beginning of the Green Revolution in Asia, a period of agricultural advancements that transformed rice farming and alleviated food scarcity in the region.

Additional Information

• PETA:-
• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, founded in 1980 by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco.
• PETA says that its entities have more than 9 million members globally.
• The organization claims to be "the largest animal rights organization in the world."
• DGWG:-
• DGWG stands for Dee-geo-woo-gen, a recessive dwarfing gene in rice.
• It is a single-gene mutation that causes a reduction in plant height by about 25%.
• DGWG has been used in rice breeding to create semi-dwarf varieties that are less prone to lodging, which is the bending or falling over of plants due to wind or heavy grain loads.

The correct answer is Brahmaputra.

Key Points

• National Waterway-2:-
• NW-2 is a designated inland waterway in India that runs along the Brahmaputra River in the state of Assam.
• It stretches for 891 kilometers (554 miles) from Dhubri on the Bangladesh border to Sadiya in the easternmost part of the state.
• NW-2 is one of the most important national waterways in India, providing a crucial transportation link for the northeastern region of the country.
• Brahmaputra River:-
• The Brahmaputra, one of the largest rivers of the world, has its origin in the Chemayungdung glacier of the Kailash range near the Mansarovar lake.
• It emerges as a turbulent and dynamic river after carving out a deep gorge in the Central Himalayas near Namcha Barwa (7,755 m).
• The river emerges from the foothills under the name of Siang or Dihang. It enters India west of Sadiya town in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Flowing southwest, it receives its main left bank tributaries, viz., Dibang or Sikang and Lohit; thereafter, it is known as the Brahmaputra.
• The Brahmaputra River is a major source of water for irrigation and hydroelectric power, and it also supports a rich biodiversity of plants and animals.

Additional Information

• Ganges River:-
• It is a sacred river to Hindus and is considered one of the holiest rivers in the world.
• It originates in the Himalayas and flows through India and Bangladesh before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
• The Ganges River is a major source of water for irrigation and drinking water, and it also supports a rich biodiversity of plants and animals.
• Krishna River:-
• It is the fourth longest river in India. It originates in the Western Ghats and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
• The Krishna River is a major source of water for irrigation and hydroelectric power, and it also supports a rich agricultural economy.
• Godavari River:-
• It is the second longest river in India. It originates in the Western Ghats and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Odisha before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
• The Godavari River is a major source of water for irrigation and drinking water, and it also supports a rich agricultural economy.

The correct answer is Patiala.

Key Points

• Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports:-
• NSNIS is a premier sports institute in Asia, located in the city of Patiala, Punjab, India.
• It was established in 1961 by the Government of India with the objective of developing sports in the country using scientific methods and to train coaches in various sports disciplines.
• The institute is named after Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, an Indian nationalist and freedom fighter.
• NSNIS is spread over 268 acres of land and has state-of-the-art infrastructure, including a multi-purpose stadium, a swimming pool, a gymnasium, and various sports fields.
• The institute also has a well-equipped library and a sports museum.
• In 1973, the institute was renamed as Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports.
• The institute is housed in the erstwhile Palace of Maharaja (King) of Patiala (Punjab), which was purchased by Government of India after Indian Independence.

The correct answer is Shehnai.

Key Points

• Pandit S. Ballesh Bhajantri:-
• He is an esteemed Indian classical Hindustani shehnai player.
• He is regarded as a prominent figure in the Benares gharana style of shehnai playing and is also a Patiala gharana Hindustani vocalist, ghazal singer, Indian playback singer, and musician.
• Ballesh is widely recognized for popularizing the shehnai, a reeded woodwind instrument.
• He is also an accredited artist with Prasar Bharati's All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan.
• Shehani:-
• The shehnai is a double-reed woodwind instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent, traditionally associated with North Indian classical music.
• It is a versatile instrument, also used in folk music, devotional music, and Sufi music.
• The shehnai is known for its rich, vibrant sound, often described as "haunting" or "soulful."

Additional Information

• Ghatam:-
• The ghatam is a percussion instrument originating from South India, traditionally associated with Carnatic classical music.
• It is a clay pot that is struck with the hands or fingers to produce a variety of sounds, resembling the tabla, a two-headed drum.
• The ghatam is known for its rich, resonant timbre and its ability to produce a wide range of pitches.
• It is often used to accompany other instruments, such as the flute and the mridangam.
• Flute:-
• The flute is a wind instrument found in various cultures worldwide, including India.
• In Indian classical music, the flute is known as the bansuri, a side-blown wooden flute.
• It is a versatile instrument, used in both Carnatic and Hindustani classical music, as well as in folk and devotional music.
• The bansuri is known for its sweet, mellow sound and its ability to produce intricate melodies.
• Mridangam:-
• The mridangam is a two-headed drum originating from South India, traditionally associated with Carnatic classical music.
• It is considered the primary percussion instrument in Carnatic music, providing rhythmic accompaniment to the melody and improvisation.
• The mridangam is played with the hands and fingers, producing a wide range of sounds, from crisp slaps to deep resonant tones.
• It is known for its complex rhythmic patterns and its ability to follow and complement the intricacies of the melody.

The correct answer is Arabian Sea.

Key Points

• Arabian Sea:-
• The Arabian Sea, a vast body of water covering approximately 3,862,000 square kilometers (1,491,000 square miles).
• It is a significant region of the northern Indian Ocean.
• It is bounded by the Arabian Peninsula on the west, the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Aden on the southwest, Iran and Pakistan on the north, India on the east, and the Laccadive Sea and the Maldives on the southeast.
• The Arabian Sea plays a crucial role in the region's climate, economy, and biodiversity.
• The Panjnad River, formed by the confluence of the five rivers of Punjab, ultimately discharges into the Arabian Sea.

Additional Information

• Caspian Sea:-
• The Caspian Sea is an endorheic lake, or a lake with no natural outlet to the ocean, located between Europe and Asia.
• It is the largest inland body of water in the world, with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers (143,000 square miles).
• The Caspian Sea is bordered by Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan.
• Andaman Sea:-
• The Andaman Sea is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean, bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the western side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal by the Great Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• It has an area of 797,000 square kilometers (308,000 square miles), with an average depth of 4,700 meters (15,400 feet).
• Red Sea:-
• The Red Sea is a narrow elongated basin of the Indian Ocean, extending northeastward from the Gulf of Aden at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula to the Suez Canal at the head of the Gulf of Suez.
• It has an area of 458,000 square kilometers (177,000 square miles), with an average depth of 200 meters (660 feet) and a maximum depth of 2,520 meters (8,268 feet).

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points

• The odd one out is Magnesium. Lithium, sodium, and potassium are all alkali metals, which are characterized by having a single valence electron in their outermost shell. This gives them similar chemical properties, such as high reactivity and low electronegativity.
• Magnesium, on the other hand, is an alkaline earth metal, which means it has two valence electrons in its outermost shell. This makes it less reactive and more electronegative than the alkali metals.
• | Metal | Group | Valance electrons | Reactivity | Electronegativity | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Lithium | 1 | 1 | High | Low | | Sodium | 1 | 1 | High | Low | | Potassium | 1 | 1 | High | Low | | Magnesium | 2 | 2 | Low | High |

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

Bacterial flagella:-

• Bacterial flagella are complex organelles that play a crucial role in bacterial motility.
• They are composed of three main components:
• Basal body:
• The basal body is a complex molecular machine that serves as the rotary motor responsible for flagellar rotation.
• It is embedded in the bacterial cell envelope and consists of four ring structures (MS, S, C, and P rings) and the rod, which extends into the cell cytoplasm.
• Hook:
• The hook is a flexible, curved structure that connects the basal body to the filament.
• It allows for changes in the flagellum's direction of rotation, enabling the bacterium to maneuver effectively.
• Filament:
• The filament is a long, helical structure that extends from the hook and serves as the propeller that propels the bacterium through its liquid environment.
• It is composed of thousands of copies of a single protein subunit called flagellin.

The correct answer is Astronomy.

Key Points

• Brihat Samhita:-
• The Brihat Samhita is a Sanskrit text that provides a comprehensive treatment of Indian astronomy, astrology, architecture, omens, Ayurveda, alchemy, and other subjects.
• It was written in the 5th century CE by Varahamihira.
• The Brihat Samhita is considered one of the most important astronomical texts of ancient India.
• It provides detailed information about the Sun, Moon, planets, constellations, and zodiac signs.
• The text also discusses the principles of astrology and architecture.
• Astronomy:-
• The Brihat Samhita provides a comprehensive overview of astronomical knowledge in ancient India.
• It discusses the positions and movements of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars. It also includes information about eclipses, comets, and meteors.

The correct answer is 1961.

Key Points

• Arjuna Award:-
• The Arjuna Award is considered the second-highest sporting honor presented by the Government of India.
• It is given in recognition of outstanding achievement in Sports.
• The award is named after Arjuna, one of the characters of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India.
• The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• They are awarded annually and include a statue of Arjuna, a certificate, and a cash prize.
• Numerous esteemed sportspersons have been recipients of these awards, such as Sachin Tendulkar (Cricket), Viswanathan Anand (Chess), P.V. Sindhu (Badminton), and M.C. Mary Kom (Boxing), among others

The correct answer is Widal Test.

Key Points

• Widal Test:-
• The Widal test is a blood test used to diagnose typhoid fever.
• It was developed by Carl Widal in 1896.
• In the Widal test, the patient's blood is tested for antibodies that are produced against Salmonella typhi, the bacteria that causes typhoid fever. If antibodies are found in the patient's blood, this may be a sign of typhoid fever.
• The Widal test can be used to diagnose typhoid fever, but it is not always accurate. A negative result does not mean that the patient does not have typhoid fever. In addition, a positive result does not mean that the patient currently has typhoid fever. A positive result may also indicate that the patient has recently recovered from typhoid fever.

Additional Information

• C-reactive protein (CRP):-
• The C-reactive protein (CRP) test is a blood test that measures the level of C-reactive protein in your blood.
• CRP is a protein produced by your liver. The level of CRP in your blood increases when there is inflammation in your body. Inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection.
• It helps your body heal and protect itself from further damage. However, chronic inflammation can be harmful and lead to health problems such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer.
• Vivax test:-
• The Vivax test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) used to detect Plasmodium vivax, the most common species of malaria outside of Africa.
• The test works by detecting antigens, which are proteins produced by the malaria parasite, in the patient's blood.

The correct answer is Norman Borlaug.

Key Points

• Norman Borlaug:-
• The "Father of the Green Revolution" is typically attributed to an American agronomist named Norman Borlaug.
• Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 in recognition of his contributions to world peace through increasing food supply.
• His pioneering work introducing high-yielding and disease-resistant wheat varieties combined with modern agricultural production techniques to Mexico, Pakistan, and India led these countries to greatly increase their food production and to serve as examples for the global Green Revolution.
• His work is estimated to have saved a billion people from starvation worldwide.
• Green Revolution:-
• The Green Revolution refers to a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1950s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world.
• The term "Green Revolution" was first used in 1968 by former United States Agency for International Development (USAID) director William Gaud, who noted the spread of the new technologies and said, "These and other developments in the field of agriculture contain the makings of a new revolution.
• It is not a violent Red Revolution like that of the Soviets, nor is it a White Revolution like that of the Shah of Iran. I call it the Green Revolution."

Additional Information

• Ralph Bunche:-
• He was an American political scientist, diplomat, and leading U.S. civil rights activist.
• He received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine.
• He was the first African American and person of color to be so honored in the history of the prize.
• Linus Carl Pauling:-
• He was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator.
• He was one of the most influential chemists in history and is considered one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century.
• His work contributed significantly to the understanding of the nature of the chemical bond and the structure of molecules and crystals.
• Dr. M.S. Swaminathan:-
• He is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's "Green Revolution," a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers.

The correct answer is Irish Constitution 

Key Points 

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
• Articles 36-51 of Part-IV of the Indian Constitution deals with Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• They are borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland.
• DPSPs are non-justiciable i.e non-enforceable in the court of law.
• They act as directives to the government to create any law.
• They act as the ‘instrument of instructions’.

Additional Information 

• Article 36: Definition
• Article 37: Application of the principles contained in this Part
• Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people
• Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
• Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid
• Article 40: Organisation of village panchayats
• Article 41: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
• Article 42: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
• Article 43: Living wage, etc., for workers
• Article 43A: Participation of workers in management of industries
• Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizen
• Article 45: Provision for free and compulsory education for children
• Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
• Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
• Article 48: Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
• Article 48A: Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife
• Article 49: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
• Article 50: Separation of judiciary from the executive
• Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security

The correct answer is 54.6%.

Key Points

• Sectoral Composition of workforce in India (2011):-
• According to the data of the Sectoral Composition of workforce in India (2011), 54.6% of total workers are engaged in the primary sector.
• This includes agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The primary sector is the largest employer in India, but its share of the workforce has been declining in recent years.
• This is due in part to the growth of the secondary and tertiary sectors, which are more productive and offer higher wages.
• Primary Sector:-
• The primary sector of the economy is the one that involves the extraction of raw materials from the Earth.
• This includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining.
• The primary sector is essential for providing the raw materials that are used by the other sectors of the economy, such as manufacturing and construction.

The correct answer is 62 Years.

Key Points

• Joint State Public Service Commission (JSPSC):
• The Constitution makes a provision for the establishment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (JSPSC) for two or more states.
• While the UPSC and the SPSC are created directly by the Constitution, a JSPSC can be created by an act of Parliament at the request of the state legislatures concerned.
• Thus, a JSPSC is a statutory and not a constitutional body.
• The two states of Punjab and Haryana had a JSPSC for a short period, after the creation of Haryana out of Punjab in 1966.
• The chairman and members of a JSPSC are appointed by the president.
• They hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of 62 years, whichever is earlier.
• They can be suspended or removed by the president.
• They can also resign from their offices at any time by submitting their resignation letters to the president.
• The number of members of a JSPSC and their conditions of service is determined by the president.
• A JSPSC presents its annual performance report to each of the concerned state governors.
• Each governor places the report before the state legislature.
• The UPSC can also serve the needs of a state at the request of the state governor and with the approval of the president.
• As provided by the Government of India Act of 1919, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 and entrusted with the task of recruiting civil servants.
• The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for the establishment of not only a Federal Public Service Commission but also a Provincial Public Service Commission and Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces.

The correct answer Sir Dorabji Tata

Key Points

• Indian Olympic Association:-
• IOA is the National Olympic Committee (NOC) for India.
• It is responsible for selecting athletes to represent India at the Olympic Games, Asian Games, and other international sports competitions.
• The IOA also manages Indian teams at these events.
• The IOA was founded in 1927 and is headquartered in New Delhi, India. The current president of the IOA is P. T. Usha.
• The IOA is a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Asian Olympic Council (OCA), and the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF).
• Sir Dorabji Tata:-
• He was the first president of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
• He was a prominent Indian businessman and philanthropist who played a pivotal role in the development of sports in India.
• Sir Dorabji Tata's contributions to Indian sports include:
• Founding the Tata Group, one of India's largest and most respected conglomerates, which has consistently supported Indian sports and athletes.
• Establishing the Tata Sports Club, which has provided training and facilities to numerous Indian athletes.
• Serving as the first president of the IOA, where he played a crucial role in organizing India's participation in the Olympic Games and other international sporting events.

Additional Information

• Harry Crowe Buck:-
• He was an American college sports coach and physical education instructor.
• He founded the YMCA College of Physical Education at Madras in 1920, which played a key role in promoting sports and in establishing the Olympic movement in India. He has been called "The Father of Physical Education in India".
• Henry Grey:-
• He was the National Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in India, Burma, and Ceylon from 1920 to 1936.
• He was a key figure in the development of physical education and sports in India, and he played a leading role in the establishment of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
• Guru Dutt Sondhi:-
• He was an Indian sports administrator who played a key role in the development of sports in India.
• He was the manager of the Indian Olympic hockey team at three Olympic Games, founder of the Western Asiatic Games and the founder of the Asian Games Federation, which held the first Asiad.

The correct answer is Bhupesh Baghel.

Key Points

• Bhupesh Baghel:-
• He is the third Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, India.
• As of January 2023, Bhupesh Baghel is the Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh. He has been serving in this position since December 2018.
• He is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC).
• He was born on August 23, 1961, in Durg, Chhattisgarh.
• He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Durg College and a Master of Arts degree in Political Science from Ravishankar Shukla University in Raipur.
• Baghel began his political career in the 1980s with the Indian Youth Congress.
• He was elected to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time in 1993.
• He served as Minister of Transport in the Madhya Pradesh government from 1999 to 2003.

Additional Information

• Bhupendra Patel:-
• He is a politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who has served as the 17th and current Chief Minister of Gujarat since 2021.
• He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly and has represented the Ghatlodia constituency since 2017.
• Raman Singh:-
• He is a politician from the Indian National Congress (INC) who served as the 13th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 2003 to 2018.
• He is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has represented the Jabalpur East constituency since 1984.
• Ashok Gehlot:-
• He is a politician from the INC who has served as the 15th and current Chief Minister of Rajasthan since 2018.
• He is a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and has represented the Sardarpura constituency since 1998.

Important PointsVishnu Deo Sai is the current CM of Chhattisgarh. (June 2024)

The correct answer is Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti.

Key Points

• Transition metals:-
• These are a group of elements in the d-block of the periodic table.
• They are characterized by having incomplete d orbitals, which allows them to exhibit a variety of oxidation states and form colorful compounds.
• Transition metals are found in a wide variety of applications, including construction, electronics, and catalysis.
• Here is a list of all the transition metals:
• Scandium (Sc)
• Titanium (Ti)
• Vanadium (V)
• Chromium (Cr)
• Manganese (Mn)
• Iron (Fe)
• Cobalt (Co)
• Nickel (Ni)
• Copper (Cu)
• Zinc (Zn)

The correct answer is 1.64%.

Key Points

• According to the 2011 Census of India, the average annual growth rate of India's population between 2001 and 2011 was 1.64%.

• This means that the population grew by an average of 1.64% each year during that period.

• 2011 census: 

• C M Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian Census.

• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state.

• Maharashtra is the second most populous state in India.

• The sex ratio in the country is 943 females per 1000 males.

• Haryana has the lowest sex ratio with just 879 women per 1000 males.

• Bihar has the highest population density.

• The overall literacy rate in India is 74% according to the 2011 census.

• Bihar is the least literate state in India, with a literacy of 61.8%.

• Goa was the most urbanized state with 62.17% of the population living in urban areas.

The correct answer is Cricket

Key Points

• Cricket:-
• Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a 22-yard-long (20 m) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
• The batting side tries to score runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, running between the wickets, and any balls that reach the boundary are worth four runs. When ten batsmen have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles.
• The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches.
• The oval stadium is most commonly associated with cricket.
• The oval shape of the stadium is well-suited for cricket, as it allows for a long boundary, which is important for scoring runs. The oval shape also provides a good viewing experience for spectators, as there is no obstruction from the stands.

Additional Information

• Football:-
• It is a team sport played with an inflated ball by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.
• The object of the game is to score more points than the other team by moving the ball down the field and kicking it into the opposing team's goal.
• Hockey:-
• It is a team sport played on ice skates with a stick and a puck.
• The object of the game is to score more goals than the other team by hitting the puck into the opposing team's net.
• Hockey is a fast-paced and exciting sport that is popular in many countries around the world.
• Basketball:-
• It is a team sport played with a ball by two teams of five players on a rectangular court with a hoop at each end.
• The object of the game is to score more points than the other team by shooting the ball through the hoop.
• Basketball is a fast-paced and exciting sport that is popular in many countries around the world.

The correct answer is Flute.

Key Points

• Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia:-
• He is an Indian flautist and a prominent figure in the Hindustani classical music tradition.
• Renowned as the "Wizard of the Flute," Chaurasia has captivated audiences worldwide with his mastery of the bansuri, a simple bamboo flute.
• Under the tutelage of renowned flautist Bholanath Prasanna of Varanasi, Chaurasia honed his skills for eight years, developing a unique style that blended traditional techniques with his own innovative flair.
• Acknowledged for his exceptional contributions to Hindustani classical music, Chaurasia has received numerous accolades from the Government of India.
• He was bestowed the Padma Bhushan in 1992 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2000.
• His achievements have also earned him prestigious awards such as the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and Padma Shri.

Additional Information

• Veena:-
• The veena is the oldest of the three instruments, and it is thought to have been invented over 5,000 years ago.
• It is a versatile instrument that can be used to play a wide variety of music, from devotional hymns to folk songs to complex ragas.
• The veena has a large, hollow body that is made of wood or gourd, and it has four main strings that are played with a metal plectrum.
• Sitar:-
• The sitar is a more recent invention, dating back to the 16th century.
• It is a popular instrument in Hindustani classical music, and it is known for its distinctive sound, which is characterized by its use of sympathetic strings.
• The sitar has a long, narrow neck with a gourd resonator at the top, and it has four main strings and up to 20 sympathetic strings.
• Sarod:-
• The sarod is another popular instrument in Hindustani classical music, and it is known for its rich, deep sound.
• The sarod is similar to the sitar in many ways, but it has a shorter neck and a different tuning.
• The sarod has four main strings and up to 15 sympathetic strings.

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognizes eight classical dance in India.
• Kathak dance is originated from Uttar Pradesh.
• | Dances | Origin | Main Reviving Personals | Famous Proponents | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Bharatnatyam | Tamil Nadu | E. Krishna Iyer, Rukmini devi Arundale | Yamini Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi Vishwanathan, Padma Subramaniam, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Mallika Sarabhai | | Kuchipudi | Andhra Pradesh | Balasaraswati, Ragini devi | Radha Reddy And Raja Reddy, Yamini Krishnamurthy, Indrani Rehman | | Kathakali | Kerala | V. N. Menon | Guru Kunchu Kurup, Gopinath, Kottakal Sivaraman, Rita Ganguly | | Odissi | Odisha | Indrani Rehman, Charles Fabri | Guru Pankaj Charan Das, Kelu Charan Mohapatra, Sonal Mansingh, Sharon Lowen, MYrla Barvie | | Manipuri | Manipur | Raja bhag Chandra, Rabindranath Tagore | Nayana, Suverna, Ranjana and Darshna, Guru Bipin Singha | | Kathak | Uttar Pradesh | Lady Leela Sokhey | Birju Maharaj, Lacchu Maharaj, Sitara Devi, Damyanti Joshi | | Sattriya | Assam | Shankaradeva | - | | Mohiniattam | Kerala | V. N. Menon, kalayani Amma | Sunanda Nair, Kalamandalam kshmavathy, Madhuri Amma, Jayaprabha Menon |

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Rama Vaidyanathan:-
• She is an Akademi Award winner for Bharatanatyam.
• She is a renowned Bharatanatyam dancer, choreographer, and teacher from India.
• She has been recognized for her exceptional contributions to this classical dance form and has received numerous accolades, including the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2017, the Kalaimamani from the Government of Tamil Nadu in 2011, and the Kalashree from the Government of Kerala in 2013.

The correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

Key Points

• The Great Bath:
• It was indeed found in Mohenjo-daro, one of the major cities of the Harappan civilization.
• Located in present-day Sindh, Pakistan, Mohenjo-daro was discovered in the 1920s and is considered one of the most significant archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The Great Bath's construction reflects the advanced engineering skills of the Harappans.
• It was constructed using finely baked bricks, coated with a layer of plaster to prevent water seepage.
• To further ensure watertightness, a layer of natural tar, also known as bitumen, was applied.
• This meticulous construction technique ensured that the Great Bath could hold a substantial amount of water, making it a remarkable feat of engineering for its time.

The correct answer is 7.32m.

Key Points

• Football:-
• It is also known as association football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field.
• The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by kicking the ball into the other team's goal.
• Players can use any part of their body except their hands and arms to move the ball around the field.
• The only player who is allowed to use their hands is the goalkeeper, who can only do so within their penalty area.
• The distance between the goalposts is 7.32 meters (8 yards).
• The goalposts are upright and rectangular in shape, with a width and depth of 12 centimeters (5 inches).
• The lower edge of the crossbar is 2.44 meters (8 feet) above the ground.

The correct answer is 1830s.

Key Points

• Robert Brown:-
• He published a paper highlighting the presence of a nucleus in plant cells in 1833.
• The paper, titled "Observations on the Organs and Mode of Fecundation in Orchideae and Asclepiadaceae", was presented to the Linnean Society of London in 1831 and published in the Transactions of the Linnean Society in 1833.
• In this paper, Brown described a small, dense structure that he observed in the cells of orchids and other plants.
• He named this structure the "nucleus", and his observations helped to lay the foundation for the cell theory.

The correct answer is 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - a.

Key Points

• Gujarat:
• The percentage of the population below the poverty line in Gujarat is 16.63%.
• This relatively higher percentage indicates that despite being a developed state in many areas, Gujarat still had a significant portion of its population living below the poverty line during the period of 2011-12.
• Haryana:
• Haryana had 11.16% of its population below the poverty line.
• This percentage reflects Haryana's economic condition, where a moderate portion of the population was struggling with poverty during the given period.
• Himachal Pradesh:
• Himachal Pradesh had the lowest percentage among the three states, with 8.06% of its population below the poverty line.
• This indicates that Himachal Pradesh had a relatively smaller proportion of its population living in poverty compared to Gujarat and Haryana during 2011-12.

The correct answer is Hirapur. 

Key Points

• Indian Iron and Steel Company:- 
• The Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO) set up its first factory in Hirapur, West Bengal.
• The factory was established in 1918 and was later renamed Burnpur.
• It is now a subsidiary of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
• It has a crude steel production capacity of 2.5 million tonnes per year.
• It produces a wide range of steel products, including pig iron, billets, blooms, slabs, and rolled sections.

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• Lord Dalhousie:-
• He became Governor-General of India in 1849, was the proponent of rapid railway construction.
• Dalhousie proposed a network of four main trunk lines that would link the interior of the country with the big ports and interconnect the different parts of erstwhile British India.
• He laid down the first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853.
• Important events when Dalhousie was Governor-General:
• Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49)
• The annexation of Lower Burma (1852)
• Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse
• Wood’s Despatch 1854
• Establishment of PWD

Additional Information 

• The British also established a modern postal system and introduced the telegraph.
• The first telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra was opened in 1853.
• Lord Dalhousie introduced postage stamps.
• He also cut down postal rates and charged a uniform rate.

The correct answer is SiO2 and Al2O3.

Key Points

• Granite:-
• Granite is a type of intrusive igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and solidifies underground.
• It is one of the most common rocks in the Earth's crust, and it is found in all continents.
• Granite is a hard, durable, and strong rock that is often used as a building material.
• SiO₂ (silicon dioxide) and Al₂O₃ (alumina) are the major components of granite.
• SiO₂ makes up about 60-75% of granite, while Al₂O₃ makes up about 10-20%. The remaining 5-15% of granite is made up of other minerals, such as feldspar, quartz, and mica.

The correct answer is Rajiv Kumar.

Key Points

• Rajiv Kumar:-
• He is a distinguished Indian civil servant who currently serves as the 25th Chief Election Commissioner of India.
• He is a highly experienced and respected public figure with a long and illustrious career spanning over four decades.
• Rajiv Kumar joined the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in 1984 and served in various capacities in the Bihar/Jharkhand cadre.
• He has held key positions in the state and central governments.

Additional Information

• Anup Chandra Pandey:-
• He is a retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1984 batch belonging to the Uttar Pradesh cadre.
• Pandey had also served as the Chief Secretary of the Government of Uttar Pradesh, in addition to serving as the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh, before retiring on 31 August 2019.
• He was a Member, National Green Tribunal Oversight Committee, U.P before joining Election Commission.
• Sushil Chandra:-
• He is an esteemed Indian civil servant who served as the 24th Chief Election Commissioner of India from April 2021 to May 2022.
• Prior to that, he held the position of Election Commissioner of India from February 2019 to April 2021.
• Throughout his illustrious career, he has made significant contributions to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS) and the Election Commission of India (ECI).
• Arun Goel:-
• He is an accomplished Indian civil servant who currently serves as the Election Commissioner of India.
• He is a highly respected and experienced administrator with a distinguished career spanning over three decades.
• Throughout his tenure, he has made significant contributions to various sectors, including urban development, culture, heavy industries, and election administration.

The correct answer is Kandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu.

Key Points

• Kandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu:-
• He was a renowned social reformer and writer, played a pivotal role in pioneering the movement for widow remarriage and girls' education in the Andhra region of India.
• He is widely regarded as the "Father of the Telugu Renaissance Movement" for his transformative efforts to uplift society.
• In 1881, Veeresalingam boldly organized and performed the first widow remarriage in Andhra Pradesh, defying the staunch opposition of conservative elements.
• This groundbreaking event marked a turning point in the movement for social reform.
• Veeresalingam established schools for girls, advocating for their education and emphasizing the importance of literacy for women's empowerment. He also founded the "Hithakarini School" in 1908, a residential school specifically for girls.

Additional Information

• Chembeti Sridharalu Naidu:-
• He was a prominent social reformer and writer in the Telugu-speaking region of India. He was born in 1826 in the village of Chembeti, near Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
• He was educated at a local school and then went on to study law in Madras.
• Sree Narayana Guru:-
• He was a renowned philosopher, social reformer, and spiritual leader in India.
• He played a pivotal role in advocating for social justice, equality, and spiritual enlightenment, particularly in the caste-ridden society of Kerala.
• His life and teachings continue to inspire and guide people worldwide.
• Chakravarti Rajagopalachari:-
• He was popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., was a prominent Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and independence activist.
• He held various positions of power, including Governor-General of India, Chief Minister of Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, and Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union.

The correct answer is Real Flow is more than money flow.

Key Points

• In a two-sector economy:-
• Real flow refers to the physical movement of goods and services between households and firms, while money flow refers to the monetary payments made for these goods and services.
• In a closed economy without savings or investment, real flow and money flow are always equal.
• This is because the total value of goods and services produced (real flow) must be equal to the total amount of money spent on those goods and services (money flow).

Additional Information

• Total production is equal to total consumption:-
• This is because, in a closed economy without savings or investment, all goods and services produced are eventually consumed.
• Factor payment is equal to factor income:-
• This is because factor payments are the payments made to households for their factors of production (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship), and factor income is the income that households receive from these factors.
• Consumption expenditure is equal to factor income:- This is because in a closed economy without savings or investment, all income is eventually spent on consumption.

Key Points

• Viruses:-
• These are incredibly tiny, infectious particles that can only reproduce inside living cells.
• They are much smaller than bacteria and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
• Viruses are made up of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid.
• Some viruses also have an envelope, which is a layer of fat and protein that surrounds the capsid. The genetic material inside the virus contains the instructions for making new viruses.
• The diameter size range of viruses varies greatly, from about 20 nanometers (nm) to 500 nm.
• For comparison, a human hair is about 100,000 nm wide.
• Some common viruses and their sizes:-
• | Virus | Size (nm) | | --- | --- | | Hepatitis C virus | 30-50 | | Influenza virus | 80-120 | | HIV | 100-120 | | Ebola virus | 80-100 | | SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus) | 60-140 |

The correct answer is Indra.

Key Points

• Indra:-
• The god Indra acquires the epithet "Lord of the Plough" in the later Vedic period.
• This epithet reflects the increasing importance of agriculture in Vedic society during this time.
• Indra was already associated with rain and fertility, so it was natural for him to also become associated with the tools of agriculture.

Additional Information

• Varuna:-
• It is the god of the sky, waters, and the cosmic order. He is the upholder of morality and justice.
• He is often depicted as a man with four arms, riding a white elephant.
• Brahma:-
• It is the god of creation. He is the one who brought the universe into existence.
• He is often depicted as a four-faced man with a white beard.
• Vishnu:-
• It is the god of preservation. He is the one who maintains the balance of the universe.
• He is often depicted as a man with four arms, holding a conch shell, a chakra, a mace, and a lotus flower.

The correct answer is Allen's Rule.

Key Points

• Allen's rule:-
• It is an ecogeographical rule that states that endothermic animals living in colder climates tend to have shorter appendages (limbs, tails, ears, etc.) and a more compact body shape than those living in warmer climates.
• This is because a smaller surface area to volume ratio minimizes heat loss in cold environments.
• For example, polar bears have shorter ears and legs than brown bears, which live in warmer climates. This allows them to conserve body heat more effectively in the Arctic.
• Allen's rule is one of several adaptations that help animals survive in cold climates. Other adaptations include thicker fur, a higher metabolic rate, and the ability to store fat.

Additional Information

• Yoda's rule:-
• It (also known as the self-thinning rule or the 3/2 power law) states that in a population of sessile organisms (organisms that cannot move), the relationship between the average individual size and the population density is a negative power law with a slope of -3/2.
• Jordan's rule:-
• It states that the number of vertebrae in fishes increases with latitude. This means that fish found in colder waters tend to have more vertebrae than fish found in warmer waters. This is thought to be an adaptation to help fish conserve body heat in colder temperatures.
• Gloger's rule:-
• It states that in ectotherms (cold-blooded animals), the amount of melanin in the skin is inversely proportional to the temperature of the environment.
• This means that animals that live in colder environments tend to have darker skin than animals that live in warmer environments. This is thought to be an adaptation to help animals absorb more heat from the sun in colder temperatures.

The correct answer is Odissi.

Key Points

• Kelucharan Mohapatra:-
• He was an Indian classical dancer, guru, and exponent of Odissi dance, who is credited with the revival and popularizing of this classical dance form in the 20th century.
• Mohapatra was immersed in the arts from an early age. He began his dance training under Guru Pankaj Charan Das at the age of seven and later studied with other renowned Odissi masters.
• Mohapatra's contributions to Odissi dance were significant. He expanded the dance's repertoire by incorporating elements from ancient texts and sculptures, and he refined its technique and expression.
• He also played a key role in bringing Odissi to a wider audience, both domestically and internationally. His performances were praised for their grace, energy, and spirituality.

Additional Information 8 classical dance forms of India:

The correct answer is Acharya Devvrat.

Key Points

• Acharya Devvrat:-
• He is an Indian politician and former educationalist who is serving as the 20th Governor of Gujarat since July 21, 2019.
• He previously served as the Governor of Himachal Pradesh from August 2015 to July 2019.
• Devvrat is a graduate of Panjab University and holds a diploma in naturopathy from the All India Council for Naturopathy. He is married to Darsana Devi.

Additional Information

• Bhupendra Patel:-
• Bhupendra Patel is the 17th and current Chief Minister of Gujarat. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and was sworn in on September 13, 2022.
• Patel was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, in 1962. He is a businessman and has served as a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly (MLA) since 2012.
• Anandiben Patel:-
• Anandiben Patel was the 16th and first female Chief Minister of Gujarat. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and served from May 26, 2014, to August 23, 2016.
• Patel was born in Mehsana, Gujarat, India, in 1947. She is a lawyer and has served as a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly (MLA) since 1998.
• Banwarilal Purohit:-
• Banwarilal Purohit is the 15th Finance Commission of India. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and was appointed to the commission on January 1, 2022.
• Purohit was born in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, in 1950. He is a chartered accountant and has served in various government positions, including as Union Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs.

The correct answer is Sanskritised Malayalam.

Key Points

• Kathakali:-
• Kathakali is a form of classical Indian dance-drama which originated in the present-day state of Kerala during the 17th century and has developed over the years.
• It is performed by elaborately costumed male artists who tell stories through their facial expressions, hand gestures, and stylized body movements.
• The art form is traditionally performed in Sanskrit-based Malayalam, although modern performances may include other languages.
• The vocal performance of Kathakali is known as geet or sopanam. It is performed by a group of trained singers who are positioned off-stage and accompany the dancers with their singing.
• The singers sing the lyrics of the play, which are in the form of verses that are metered and lyrical.
• The singing is synchronized with the dance-acting on the stage, and the vocalists help to set the context and express the inner state of the character by modulating their voice.
• For example, anger is expressed by the use of a sharp high voice and pleading is expressed by the use of a sad tone. Music is also central to a Kathakali performance. It sets the mood and triggers emotions resonant with the nature of the scene.

The correct answer is 1 - b, 2 - a, 3 - c, 4 - d.

Key Points

• Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary:-
• It is located in the state of Maharashtra. It is home to a variety of animals, including the Indian tiger, leopard, sloth bear, and sambar.
• The sanctuary is also home to a number of birds, including the Indian grey hornbill, Malabar pied hornbill, and Indian roller.
• Guindy National Park:-
• It is located in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is home to a variety of animals, including the spotted deer, blackbuck, Indian muntjac, and wild boar.
• The park is also home to a number of birds, including the Indian roller, common myna, and Indian grey hornbill.
• Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary:-
• It is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is home to a variety of animals, including the tiger, leopard, sloth bear, and chital.
• The sanctuary is also home to a number of birds, including the Indian grey hornbill, Malabar pied hornbill, and Indian roller.
• Kaziranga National Park:-
• It is located in the state of Assam. It is home to the Indian rhinoceros, as well as a variety of other animals, including the tiger, elephant, and wild boar.
• The park is also home to a number of birds, including the greater adjutant stork, oriental darter, and Pallas's fish eagle.

The correct answer is Credit creation.

Key Points

• Credit creation:-
• It is the process of lending money to create new money in the economy.
• Commercial banks do this by accepting deposits from customers and then lending out a portion of those deposits to other customers.
• When a bank lends money, it creates a new loan asset on its balance sheet and a new deposit liability.
• This new deposit can then be used by the borrower to spend money, which in turn creates new deposits for other banks. In this way, commercial banks play a key role in the money supply.

Additional Information

• Issue of currency:-
• It is a function of the central bank, not commercial banks.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is responsible for issuing currency in India.
• Banking facilities to the government:-
• It is a function of both commercial banks and the central bank.
• Commercial banks provide banking services to the government, such as collecting taxes and making payments.
• The RBI also provides banking services to the government, such as managing the government's debt.
• Credit control:-
• It is a function of the central bank.
• The RBI uses credit control measures to manage the money supply and inflation.

The correct answer is Disobedience Movement. 

Key Points

• Salt Satyagraha:-
• It is also known as the Salt March or Dandi March, was a significant act of nonviolent civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi in colonial India.
• The 24-day march, which lasted from March 12 to April 5, 1930, was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly.
• Gandhi and his followers walked over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat, to make salt from seawater.
• This act of defiance was a symbolic protest against the British Salt Acts of 1882, which gave the British government a monopoly on the production and sale of salt in India.
• The Salt Satyagraha had a profound impact on the Indian independence movement.
• It galvanized public support for Gandhi and his philosophy of nonviolence, and it brought international attention to the struggle for Indian independence.
• The march also inspired other nonviolent resistance movements around the world.

Additional Information

• Quit India Movement:-
• The Quit India Movement was a nonviolent civil disobedience movement launched in August 1942 to demand the immediate withdrawal of British rule from India.
• The movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
• Champaran Satyagraha:-
• The Champaran Satyagraha was a farmer's uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India, in 1917.
• The farmers were protesting against the British indigo planters' exploitative system of forced cultivation and low prices.
• Kheda Satyagraha:-
• The Kheda Satyagraha was a nonviolent peasant movement that took place in Kheda, Gujarat, India, in 1918.
• The peasants were protesting against the British government's insistence on collecting taxes despite the widespread damage caused by a famine.

The correct answer is Bromoform.

Key Points

• Tribromomethane:-
• It is a synonym for bromoform. Bromoform is a colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor.
• It is used as a solvent in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plastics.
• Bromoform is also a byproduct of the chlorination of water.
• Here are some other brominated organic solvents:
• Dibromomethane
• Bromodichloromethane
• Dibromoethane
• Tetrabromoethane

Additional Information

• Diborane:-
• It is also known as diboron monoxide or boron hydride, is a chemical compound with the formula B2H6.
• It is a colorless, highly toxic gas with a pungent odor. Diborane is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis and as a dopant in the semiconductor industry.
• Borazine:-
• It is also known as boron nitride trimethyl or BNH6, is a chemical compound with the formula B3H6N3.
• It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Borazine is used as a precursor to other boron compounds and as a fuel additive.
• Bromosuccinimide:-
• It is also known as NBS or 2,5-dibromo-1,3-pyrroledinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C₄H₄Br₂NO.
• It is a white, crystalline solid with a slight odor. Bromosuccinimide is used as a brominating agent in organic synthesis.