SSC Stenographer 2023 Official Paper (Held On: 13 Oct, 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct order as per the English dictionary is shown below,

5) Legalist

4) Legendary

1) Legerity

6) Legging

3) Legislation

2) Legitimate

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 4, 1, 6, 3, 2".

Let's check each option,

1)  ̶ , +, ÷, ×, =, +

→ 52 - 12 + 15 ÷ 3 × 6 = 5 + 15

→ 52 - 12 + 5 × 6 = 5 + 15

→ 52 - 12 + 30 = 5 + 15

→ 82 - 12 = 20

→ 70 ≠ 20

→ LHS ≠ RHS

2) -, +, ÷, =, ×, +

→ 52 - 12 + 15 ÷ 3 = 6 × 5 + 15

→ 52 - 12 + 5 = 6 × 5 + 15

→ 52 - 12 + 5 = 30 + 15

→ 57 - 12 = 45

→ 45 = 45

→ LHS = RHS ⇒ Satisfies the equation

3)  ̶ , +, ×, =, ÷, +

→ 52 - 12 + 15 × 3 = 6 ÷ 5 + 15

→ 52 - 12 + 15 × 3 = 6/5 + 15

→ 52 - 12 + 45 = 6/5 + 15

→ 97 - 12 = 81/5

→ 85 ≠ 81/5

→ LHS ≠ RHS

4) +,  ̶ , ÷, ×, =, +

→ 52 + 12 - 15 ÷ 3 × 6 = 5 + 15

→ 52 + 12 - 5 × 6 = 5 + 15

→ 52 + 12 - 30 = 5 + 15

→ 64 - 30 = 20

→ 34 ≠ 20

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is " -, +, ÷, =, ×, +".

Given: Eight girls - L, M, N, O, P, Q, R and S - were seated in two rows, one facing the north, the other facing the south.

Each row had only four chairs. There is equal distance between adjacent persons.

Each person in a row faces another person from the other row.

1. S was second to the right of M.

2. M was opposite to P.

3. Q and P were diagonally opposite to each other.

4) N was at one of the extreme ends of the row.

5) R was to the immediate right of L.

And, O will sit on the remaining place.

So, 'R' was sitting opposite to O.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "120".

The least possible venn diagram is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. Some locks are keys → Follows (Because all keys are locks).

II. Some handles are keys → Follows (Because all keys are locks and all locks are handles).

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "HOAZ".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: First number = (Second Number) × 4 - 80

100: 45

→ 100 = 45 × 4 - 80

→ 100 = 180 - 80

200: 70

→ 200 = 70 × 4 - 80

→ 200 = 280 - 80

Similarly,

300 : ?

→ 300 = ? × 4 - 80

→ 380 = ? × 4

→ 95 = ?

Hence, the correct answer is "95".

Given: The length and breadth of a hall are 16 m and 13 m, respectively.

A dog runs along all four walls once to catch the bone.

So, the total distance covered by dog = 16 + 13 + 16 + 13 = 58m.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

After changing the signs, we get,

→ 33 - 14 ÷ 2 - 17 + 71 =?

→ 33 - 7 - 17 + 71 =?

→ 104 - 7 - 17 =?

→ 80 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "80".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "43".

The logic follows here is:

So, '272' will complete the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The family tree can be drawn using the given information,

Hence, the correct answer is "Sister".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "102".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "53".

According to the given information,

1) Only 1 person sits to the left of D.

2) Only 2 people sit between F and D.

3)  A is an immediate neighbour of D.

4) Only 2 people sit between E and A.

5) Only 3 people sit between C and G.

6. B is not an immediate neighbour of G.

Here, we can see that E sits to the immediate right of G.

Hence, the correct answer is "E".

In figure 1 and 2,

In figure 2 and 3,

In figure 3 and 4,

In figure 4 and 5,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct arrangement in a logical and meaningful order is shown below,

1) Fortnightly (every two weeks)

3) Monthly (every month)

2) Quarterly (every three months)

4) Bi-annually (every six months)

5) Annually (every twelve months)

Hence, the correct answer is "1, 3, 2, 4, 5".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Second Number = (First Number + Third Number)²

(16, 400, 4)

→ 400 = (16 + 4)²

→ 400 = (20)2

(10, 256, 6)

→ 256 = (10 + 6)2

→ 256 = (16)2

Now, let's check each option,

1) (12, 441, 9)

→ 441 = (12 + 9)2

→ 441 = (21)² ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

2) (13, 497, 4) 

→ 497 = (13 + 4)2

→ 497 ≠ (17)²

3) (11, 388, 6)

→ 388 = (11 + 6)2

→ 388 ≠ (17)²

4) (15, 422, 9)

→ 422 = (15 + 9)2

→ 422 ≠ (24)²

Here, we can see that only Option 1 satisfy the equation.

Hence, the correct answer is "(12, 441, 9)".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "LTHO".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 2nd number × (2nd number + 1)2 = 1st number.

Now,

For, 648 : 8

⇒ 8 × (8 + 1)2 = 8 × 92 = 8 × 81 = 648.

For, 18 : 2

⇒ 2 × (2 + 1)2 = 2 × 32 = 2 × 9 = 18.

Similarly, for ? : 12

⇒ 12 × (12 + 1)2 = 12 × 132 = 12 × 169 = 2028.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "CCE".

Let's check each option,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Step I: The letters in the corners are getting similar and interchange in alternate image.

Step II: The letters are getting shifted its position as shown below:

So, option 1 will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Total number of days in January = 31.

Number of days in January after 13th January (including 13th January) = 31 - 12 = 19.

Total number of days in February, 2021 = 28.

Total number of days in March = 31.

Total number of days in April = 30.

Total number of days in May = 31.

Total number of days in June = 30.

Total number of days in July = 31.

Number of days in August till 23rd August (including 23rd August) = 23.

Hence, total days = 19 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 23 = 223.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

According to the given information,

1) Point A is 35 m to the east of Point B.

2) Point C is 28 m to the south of Point B.

3) Point C is 15 m to the east of Point D.

4) Point E is 14 m to the north of Point D.

5) Point F is 20 m to the east of Point E.

Here, we can see that Point A is in North-east direction of Point F.

Hence, the correct answer is "North-east".

When the paper is unfolded, we get:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

From figure 1 and 2,

→ Face 1 and 5 are common ⇒ Face 4 is opposite to Face 6.

From figure 1 and 3,

→ Face 1 and 4 are common ⇒ Face 5 is opposite to Face 3.

Hence, the correct answer is "3".

Let's check each option,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

After replacing the signs, we get:

→ 3 × 29 - 1 + 9 ÷ 9 =? 

→ 3 × 29 - 1 + 1 =?

→ 87 - 1 + 1 =?

→ 88 - 1 =?

→ 87 =?

Hence, the correct answer is "87".

Given equation: F × G ÷ K − M + S × W

The family tree can be drawn using the given information,

Now, let's check each option,

1) M is the sister’s son of G → True

2) S is the husband of K → True

3) S is the brother of G → False

4) G is the wife’s brother of S → True

Hence, the correct answer is "S is the brother of G".

The given statement is: G = Y < U ≤ F > P > T < V

Conclusions:

I. F > G → True (F > U > Y = G)

II. F > T → True (F > P > T)

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II are true".

Let's check each option,

1) CXEW

2) FUHS

3) GTIR

4) MNOL

Here, we can see that Option 1 is different from the others.

Hence, the correct answer is "CXEW".

The logic followed here is,

Triangle : 3 → Triangle has 3 sides.

Similarly,

Hexagon : ? → Hexagon has 6 sides.

Hence, the correct answer is "6".

Let's check each option,

1) 15, 18

→ 13 × 4 ÷ 26 + 18 – 15 = 5

→ 13 × 4/26 + 18 – 15 = 5

→ 2 + 18 – 15 = 5

→ 20 – 15 = 5

→ 15 = 15 

→ LHS = RHS ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

2) 18, 26

→ 13 × 4 ÷ 18 + 15 – 26 = 5

→ 13 × 2/9 + 15 – 26 = 5

→ 26/9 + 15 – 26 = 5

→ 161/9 – 26 ≠ 5

→ LHS ≠ RHS

3) 15, 5

→ 13 × 4 ÷ 26 + 5 – 18 = 15

→ 13 × 2/13 + 5 – 18 = 15

→ 2 + 5 – 18 = 15

→ 7 – 18 = 15

→ - 11 ≠ 15

→ LHS ≠ RHS

4) 13, 5

→ 5 × 4 ÷ 26 + 15 – 18 = 13

→ 5 × 2/13 + 15 – 18 = 13

→ 10/13 + 15 – 18 = 13

→ 205/13 – 18 ≠ 13

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "15, 18".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (2nd number + 2)³ - (2nd number + 2)² = 1st number.

Now,

48 : 2

→ (2 + 2)³ - (2 + 2)²

→ 43 - 42 

→ 64 - 16 = 48.

448 : 6

→ (6 + 2)3 - (6 + 2)2

→ 83 - 82 

→ 512 - 64 = 448.

Similarly, for ? : 8

→ (8 + 2)3 - (8 + 2)2

→ 103 - 102 

→ 1000 - 100 = 900.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

1) FUET

2) KPJO

3) IRHQ

4) DWEU

Here, we can see that Option 4 is different from the others. 

Hence, the correct answer is "DWEU".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Second Number = (Sum of the digits of the first number)

32: 5

→ 5 = (3 + 2)

76: 13

→ 13 = (7 + 6)

Similarly,

99: ?

→ ? = (9 + 9) = 18

Hence, the correct answer is "18".

Let's check each option,

1) 12 and 16

→ (96 ÷ 16) + (7)2 + 18 = 112 – (12 × 3) – (69 ÷ 23)

→ 6 + 49 + 18 = 112 – 36 – 3

→ 73 = 112 – 36 – 3

→ 73 = 73

→ LHS = RHS ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

2) 18 and 16

→ (96 ÷ 12) + (7)2 + 16 = 112 – (18 × 3) – (69 ÷ 23)

→ 8 + 49 + 16 = 112 – 54 – 3

→ 73 = 112 – 54 – 3

→ 73 ≠ 55

→ LHS ≠ RHS

3) 7 and 3

→ (96 ÷ 12) + (3)2 + 18 = 112 – (16 × 7) – (69 ÷ 23)

→ 8 + 9 + 18 = 112 – 112 – 3

→ 35 = 112 – 112 – 3

→ 35 ≠ - 3

→ LHS ≠ RHS

4) 7 and 18

→ (96 ÷ 12) + (18)2 + 7 = 112 – (16 × 3) – (69 ÷ 23)

→ 8 + 324 + 7 = 112 – 48 – 3

→ 339 = 112 – 48 – 3

→ 339 ≠ 61

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Here, we can see that only Option 1 satisfies the equation. 

Hence, the correct answer is "12 and 16".

The logic followed here is,

Goods: Stocks → Goods are individual items that collectively make up stocks in a store or warehouse.

Similarly,

Rioters: Mob → Individual rioters collectively make up a mob.

Hence, the correct answer is "Rioters: Mob".

SYSTEM: SYSMET

NEARER: AENRER

Similarly,

FRACTION: ?

Hence, the correct answer is "CARFNOIT".

The least possible venn diagram is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. Some wires are fans → Not follows (Because it is possible but not definite).

II. No switch is a heater → Follows (Because all switches are fans, and no fan is a heater).

III. No wire is a switch → Not follows (Because it is possible but not definite).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion II follows".

MARS: 1752223

TIDE: 241389

Similarly,

BABY: ?

Hence, the correct answer is "65629".

The mirror image of the given figure is shown below,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

According to the given information,

1) K scored more than only two people.

_ > _ > _ > _ > K > _ > _

2) Y scored less than only L and W.

3) W did not score the highest marks. 

L > W > Y > _ > K > _ > _

4) M scored more than Z but less than X.

L > W > Y > X > K > M > Z

Here, we can see that three people scored less than X.

Hence, the correct answer is "Three".

Let's check each option,

1) 2, 30

→ 28 × 8 ÷ 30 + 13 + 2 = 50

→ 28 × 4/15 + 13 + 2 = 50

→ 112/15 + 13 + 2 = 50

→ 112/15 + 15 ≠ 50

→ LHS ≠ RHS

2) 2, 8

→ 28 × 2 ÷ 8 + 13 + 30 = 50

→ 28 × 1/4 + 13 + 30 = 50

→ 7 + 13 + 30 = 50

→ 50 = 50

→ LHS = RHS ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

3) 8, 28

→ 28 × 8 ÷ 2 + 13 + 30 = 50

→ 28 × 4 + 13 + 30 = 50

→ 112 + 13 + 30 = 50

→ 155 ≠ 50

→ LHS ≠ RHS 

4) 30, 50

→ 28 × 8 ÷ 2 + 13 + 50 = 30

→ 28 × 4 + 13 + 50 = 30

→ 112 + 13 + 50 = 30

→ 175 ≠ 30

→ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 8".

Let's count the circles,

Here, we can see that there are 16 triangles.

Hence, the correct answer is "16".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Third Number = (First Number + Second Number - 8) ÷ 2

(11, 55, 29)

→ 29 = (11 + 55 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 29 = (66 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 29 = 58 ÷ 2

(8, 40, 20)

→ 20 = (8 + 40 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 20 = (48 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 20 = 40 ÷ 2

Let's check each option,

1) (12, 62, 32)

→ 32 = (12 + 62 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 32 = (74 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 32 ≠ 66 ÷ 2

2) (7, 35, 25)

→ 25 = (7 + 35 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 25 = (42 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 25 ≠ 34 ÷ 2

3) (9, 54, 23)

→ 23 = (9 + 54 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 23 = (63 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 23 ≠ 55 ÷ 2

4) (6, 30, 14)

→ 14 = (6 + 30 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 14 = (36 - 8) ÷ 2

→ 14 = 28 ÷ 2 ⇒ Satisfies the equation.

Hence, the correct answer is "(6, 30, 14)".

The least possible venn diagram is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. Some laptops are monitors → Not Follows (Because it is possible but not definite).

II. Some monitors are desktops → Not Follows (Because it is possible but not definite).

III. All laptops are printers → Follows (Because all laptops are desktops, and all desktops are printers).

IV. Some monitors are printers → Follows (Because some printers are monitors).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions III and IV follow".

The least possible venn diagram is shown below,

Conclusions:

I. At least some G are I → Follows (Because some V are I).

II. All I being H is a possibility → Follows (Because some V are I, so it is definitely a possibility).

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

The correct answer is Government allowing private companies to produce goods. 

Key Points

• Permit License Raj:-
• The Permit License Raj was a system of extensive government regulation and control over the Indian economy from the 1950s to the early 1990s.
• It was characterized by a web of regulations, permits, and licenses that businesses had to obtain in order to operate.
• The system was intended to protect Indian industry, promote self-reliance, and ensure regional equality.
• However, it also led to widespread corruption, inefficiency, and a stifling of economic growth.
• The major purpose of the ‘permit license raj’ from the 1960s to 1980s in India was that the Government allowing private companies to produce goods.
• Key features of the Permit License Raj:
• Businesses had to obtain licenses from the government for everything from starting a new company to expanding an existing one.
• The government also controlled the prices of many goods and services.
• Imports were heavily restricted, and businesses were often required to use Indian-made products, even if they were of inferior quality.
• The Permit License Raj was a major obstacle to economic development in India. It led to widespread corruption, inefficiency, and a stifling of innovation.

The correct answer is Cretinism.

Key Points

• Cretinism:-
• It is a severe form of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) that can cause irreversible physical and mental retardation.
• Cretinism is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy and early infancy.
• Iodine is a trace element that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones.
• Thyroid hormones are important for the normal development of the brain and nervous system.
• If a pregnant woman or a young child does not get enough iodine, it can lead to a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which can cause cretinism.
• Symptoms of cretinism can include:-
• Severe mental retardation
• Stunted growth
• Deafness
• Mutism
• Spasticity
• Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

Additional Information

• Preeclampsia:-
• It is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
• It can lead to serious health problems for both mother and baby, including seizures, liver and kidney damage, and premature birth.
• Toxoplasmosis:-
• It is an infection caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.
• It can be spread through contact with infected cats or their feces, contaminated meat, or unwashed fruits and vegetables.
• While most people who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii never experience any symptoms, it can cause serious birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy.
• Syphilis:-
• It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
• It can be spread through contact with open sores on the skin or mucous membranes.
• While syphilis can be cured with antibiotics, it can cause serious birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy.

The correct answer is Amjad Ali Khan.

Key Points

• Abba: God's Greatest Gift to Us:-
• It is a heartfelt tribute by two sons, Amaan Ali Khan and Ayaan Ali Bangash, to their father and guru, Ustad Amjad Ali Khan, a legendary sarod maestro.
• The book delves into the life of this extraordinary musician, tracing his journey from a young prodigy to a global icon.
• Through personal anecdotes, insightful observations, and a deep understanding of their father's artistry, the brothers paint a vivid portrait of a man who has dedicated his life to music.
• The book is divided into seven sections, each exploring a different facet of Ustad Amjad Ali Khan's life and legacy.
• From his early years in Gwalior, where he grew up surrounded by music, to his international fame and collaborations with renowned artists, the book chronicles his remarkable achievements.
• The brothers also share their own experiences as their father's disciples, offering a glimpse into the rigorous training and deep connection they share with him.

Additional Information

• Bismillah Khan:-
• He was known for his soulful renditions of ragas on the Shehnai, a traditional Indian wind instrument.
• He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 2001.
• Ali Akbar Khan:-
• He was a virtuoso of the Sarod, a stringed instrument. He was known for his innovative playing style and his ability to create a wide range of sounds.
• He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 1972.
• Amir Khan:-
• He was a master of the Sarangi, a bowed stringed instrument.
• He was known for his expressive singing and his ability to convey deep emotions through his music.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, in 1971.

The correct answer is France, 1900.

Key Points

• Second Olympic Games:- 
• The second Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the II Olympiad, were held in Paris, France, from May 20 to October 28, 1900.
• The Games were held as part of the 1900 World's Fair, and were initially overshadowed by the Fair's attractions.
• However, they were eventually a success, with over 1,000 athletes from 24 nations competing in 20 sports.
• Some of the highlights of the 1900 Olympic Games:-
• The first women were allowed to compete in the Olympics, though only in a limited number of sports.
• The first time a marathon was run over the now-standard distance of 26.2 miles (42.2 kilometers).
• The first time that boxing was included in the Olympics.
• The first time that the United States won the most medals

The correct answer is Indus.

Key Points

• Indus River:-
• The Indus River is the longest river in Pakistan and one of the most important rivers in the region.
• It originates in the Tibetan Plateau and flows through India and Pakistan before emptying into the Arabian Sea.
• The Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum are all major tributaries of the Indus River, and they contribute significantly to its flow.

Additional Information

• Kaveri River:-
• The Kaveri River, also known as the Cauvery River, is a sacred river in South India.
• It originates in the Brahmagiri Hills of the Western Ghats and flows for about 765 kilometers (475 miles) through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
• Tungabhadra River:-
• The Tungabhadra River is a tributary of the Krishna River.
• It is formed by the confluence of the Tunga and Bhadra rivers near Shimoga in Karnataka.
• The Tungabhadra River flows for about 531 kilometers (330 miles) before joining the Krishna River at Sangameswaram in Andhra Pradesh.
• Krishna River:-
• The Krishna River is the second-longest river in peninsular India.
• It originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra and flows for about 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

The correct answer is Alauddin Khilji.

 Key Points

• Alauddin Khilji:-
• Alauddin Khilji was a remarkable ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, renowned for his military prowess and administrative reforms.
• He ascended to power through a coup, deposing his father-in-law Jalaluddin Khilji and establishing himself as the Sultan of Delhi.
• Alauddin Khilji introduced a series of reforms to weaken the power of nobles and strengthen the central government.
• He implemented a strict land revenue system, limited the size of noble armies, and created a new class of elite soldiers directly under his control.

Additional Information

• Muhammad bin Tughluq:-
• He was a controversial figure known for his bold and often eccentric policies.
• He implemented a series of ambitious reforms, including currency reforms, taxation changes, and the relocation of the capital to Daulatabad.
• However, these measures faced significant opposition and led to rebellions and economic instability.
• Despite his challenges, Muhammad bin Tughluq was a patron of learning and established several educational institutions.
• Balban:-
• He was a military leader and a stern administrator who restored order and stability to the Delhi Sultanate after a period of internal strife.
• He established a strong central government, strengthened the military, and implemented strict social and administrative policies.
• Balban's reign marked a period of relative peace and prosperity for the Delhi Sultanate, but his authoritarian style and emphasis on discipline made him unpopular among some sections of society.
• Iltutmish:-
• He was a capable ruler who consolidated the Delhi Sultanate's power and expanded its territory.
• He established a strong central administration, defeated several Hindu kingdoms in northern India, and repelled Mongol invasions.
• Iltutmish also initiated the construction of several iconic monuments, including the Qutb Minar in Delhi.
• His reign marked a turning point in the history of the Delhi Sultanate, laying the foundation for its future prominence in Indian history.

The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

• Nitrogen:-
• The element with atomic number 7 is nitrogen (N).
• It is a non-metallic element that is essential for life and makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is a colorless and odorless gas at room temperature and pressure.
• It is a very important element in many biological processes, including protein synthesis and DNA replication.
• Nitrogen is also used in many industrial applications, such as the production of ammonia and fertilizers.

Additional Information

• Calcium:-
• Ca is an alkaline earth metal that is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
• It is a crucial component of bone and teeth, and it is also involved in muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting. Calcium is also essential for plant growth.
• Oxygen:-
• O is a highly reactive nonmetallic element, it is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere.
• Oxygen is essential for respiration, the process by which organisms convert food into energy.
• It is also involved in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Oxygen is also used in many industrial applications, such as the production of steel and glass.
• Chlorine:-
• Cl is a halogen that is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
• It is a pale yellow-green gas that is highly reactive and corrosive. Chlorine is used in a variety of applications, including water purification, bleaching, and the production of plastics.

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Anindita Neogy Anaam;-
• She is a renowned Indian classical dance Kathak artist, instructor, performer, and choreographer.
• She is currently based in Wisconsin, United States, and is widely recognized for her exceptional talent and contributions to the field of Kathak dance.
• Anindita Neogy Anaam's dedication and passion for Kathak have garnered her numerous accolades, including the prestigious Shri Jayadev Rashtriya Yuva Puraskar, Bidagdha Nartaki Samman, and National Nritya Shiromani awards.
• She is also a coveted Indian Raga Fellow, recognizing her profound understanding and mastery of Indian classical music.
• National Nritya Shiromani Award:-
• It is an annual award bestowed upon exceptional classical dancers and musicians of India for their contribution to art and culture.
• The award is conferred by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.

Additional Information

• Manipuri:-
• It is a classical Indian dance form originating from the state of Manipur in northeastern India.
• It is characterized by its graceful and fluid movements, which are often accompanied by narrative chanting and choral singing.
• The dance is traditionally performed by women, who wear colorful costumes and adorn themselves with intricate jewelry.
• Bharatanatyam:-
• It is one of the oldest and most well-known classical Indian dance forms.
• It originated in the temples of Tamil Nadu, in southern India, and is considered to be a sacred dance form.
• Bharatanatyam is characterized by its expressive hand gestures, intricate footwork, and rhythmic patterns.
• Kuchipudi:-
• It is another well-known classical Indian dance form, originating in the state of Andhra Pradesh, in southeastern India.
• It is characterized by its expressive facial expressions, intricate footwork, and dynamic movements.
• Kuchipudi is often performed in groups, and it is known for its storytelling and theatrical elements.

The correct answer is 17.5%.

Key Points

• Census 2011:-
• India's population accounted for around 17.5 percent of the world's total population.
• The census conducted in 2011 revealed that India's population was 1,210,854,977, making it the second most populated country in the world after China.
• India's population has grown steadily over the years, and it is projected to continue growing in the coming decades.

Additional Information

• Urbanization:
• The census revealed that India's urbanization rate had increased from 27.7% in 2001 to 31.2% in 2011.
• This indicates a growing trend of people moving from rural to urban areas in search of better opportunities.
• Literacy Rate:
• The overall literacy rate of India improved from 62.3% in 2001 to 74.04% in 2011.
• This progress was particularly evident among women, whose literacy rate rose from 54.16% to 65.46%.
• Child Sex Ratio:
• As per the Census, 2011 the child sex ratio (0-6 years) has shown a decline from 927 females per thousand males in 2001 to 919 females per thousand males in 2011.
• Religious Composition:
• Hindus continued to form the majority of the population, accounting for 79.8% of the total.
• Muslims constituted the second largest religious group, representing 14.23%.

The correct answer is Indu Sundaresan.

Key Points

• Mountain of Light:-
• It is a historical novel by Indu Sundaresan that tells the story of the Kohinoor diamond, one of the largest cut diamonds in the world.
• The novel spans over four decades, from 1817 to 1850, and follows the diamond's journey from India to Afghanistan to England.
• The novel is told from the perspective of multiple characters, including the diamond itself. The diamond's voice is a powerful one, and it provides a unique perspective on the events of the novel.
• The diamond is witness to love, loss, war, and peace, and it comes to understand that it is not just a jewel, but a symbol of power and destruction.

Additional Information

• Indu Sundaresan:-
• She is an Indian-American historical fiction author known for her captivating tales set in India's rich past.
• Her novels, such as "The Twentieth Wife" and "The Splendor of Silence," have garnered international acclaim, earning her the Washington State Book Award and the Light of India award for Excellence in Literature.
• Born into a family of storytellers, Sundaresan's passion for weaving historical narratives stems from her childhood experiences growing up on Air Force bases across India.
• Her works are translated into over 23 languages, captivating readers worldwide with their vivid portrayals of Indian history and culture.

The correct answer is Ankiya Nat.

 Key Points

• Ankiya Nat:-
• A one-act play of Sattriya is called an Ankiya Nat. It is a form of Assamese one-act play that combines the aesthetic and the religious.
• Ankiya Nats were developed by Sankardev, the 15th-century polymath from Assam, as a way to promote the spiritual values of Vaisnavism.
• They are typically performed in Sattras, which are communities of live-in devotees belonging to the Ekasarana dharma, the religion established by Sankardev.
• Ankiya Nats are characterized by their use of ballad, dance, and drama. The ballad narrates the story, the dance provides commentary and expression, and the drama brings the characters and themes to life.
• The plays are often based on stories from Hindu mythology, but they can also deal with contemporary social and political issues.

Additional Information

• Ekam Nat:-
• Ekam Nat, meaning "one-act play," is a short, self-contained play that typically focuses on a single theme or character.
• It is often used as a teaching tool or for entertainment.
• Vishesham Nat:-
• Vishesham Nat, meaning "special play," is a longer and more complex type of Sattriya play.
• It typically deals with a historical or mythological story. Vishesham Nats are often performed at festivals and special occasions.
• Anant Nat:-
• Anant Nat, meaning "endless play," is a type of Sattriya play that has no predetermined ending.
• The play continues until the audience loses interest or the performers are exhausted. Anant Nats are often improvised and can be very humorous.

The correct answer is Kesariya Stupa.

Key Points

• Kesariya Stupa:-
• It is located in Kesariya, Champaran district of Bihar, India. It is the tallest Buddhist stupa in India, standing at a height of 104 feet (32 meters).
• The stupa dates back to the 3rd century BCE and was built during the Mauryan Empire in northern India.
• The stupa was originally 70 feet (21 meters) tall, but it has been renovated several times in later centuries.
• The stupa has a globular base divided into seven stages around it. Each stage is painted a different color, and each stage is adorned with numerous sculptures of Buddhist gods and goddesses.

Additional Information

• Sanchi Stupa:-
• It is a Buddhist monument located in Madhya Pradesh, India.
• It is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and was originally commissioned by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE.
• The stupa is a hemispherical structure that contains the relics of the Buddha.
• It is surrounded by four gateways, each of which is decorated with intricate carvings. The Sanchi Stupa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Maha Stupa:-
• It is a Buddhist monument located in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
• It is one of the largest stupas in the world, and is said to contain the relics of the Buddha.
• The Maha Stupa was built in the 3rd century BCE, and was later rebuilt and enlarged several times. The stupa is a symbol of the power and importance of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
• Shanti Stupa:-
• It is a Buddhist monument located in Rajagiri, India. It was built in 1963 by the Japanese monk Nichidatsu Fujii as a symbol of peace.
• The stupa is made of white marble and has a gold-plated spire.
• The Shanti Stupa is a popular tourist destination, and is also a place of pilgrimage for Buddhists from around the world.

The correct answer is M3+ total post office deposits.

Key Points

• M4:-
• It includes all of the components of M3 plus other deposits with an original maturity of up to five years, other claims on financial institutions such as repos and bank acceptances, and debt instruments issued by financial institutions including commercial paper and bonds with a maturity of up to five years.
• M4 is a broad measure of the money supply because it includes a wide range of assets that can be easily converted into cash. This makes it a useful measure for tracking the overall liquidity of the economy.

Additional Information

• Different money supply in India:-
• M0:-
• It is the narrowest measure of money supply and consists of currency notes and coins in circulation plus reserve balances with the RBI.
• M1:-
• It is a broader measure of money supply and consists of M0 plus demand deposits with banks.
• M2:-
• It is an even broader measure of money supply and consists of M1 plus savings deposits with banks.
• M3:-
• It is the broadest measure of money supply and consists of M2 plus time deposits with banks.

The correct answer is 46.

Key Points

• Joe Hin Tjio:-
• He was an Indonesian-born American cytogeneticist who made significant contributions to the field of genetics, particularly in understanding the structure and number of human chromosomes.
• Joe Hin Tjio announced that the exact number of human chromosomes is 46.

Additional Information

• Human Chromosomes:-
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
• These chromosomes are organized into two main types:-
• Autosomes: The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes. They are not involved in sex determination.
• Sex chromosomes: The 23rd pair of chromosomes is called the sex chromosomes. These chromosomes determine an individual's sex. Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY).

The correct answer is Reducing the purview of energy consumption standards.

Key Points

• Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022:-
• It aims to strengthen the regulatory framework for energy efficiency and conservation in India, not reduce the purview of energy consumption standards.
• In fact, the bill expands the scope of energy consumption standards by empowering the central government to specify energy efficiency standards for a wider range of appliances and equipment.
• Decision to expand the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) governing council:-
• The bill does expand the BEE governing council to include more representatives from industry, academia, and non-governmental organizations.
• Setting up of a carbon credit trading scheme:-
• The bill introduces a carbon credit trading scheme to promote the use of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Non-fossil-fuel mandate for designated consumers:-
• The bill mandates that designated consumers, such as industries, commercial buildings, and the transport sector, must meet a minimum share of their energy consumption from non-fossil sources.

The correct answer is CFCs are used as refrigerants.

Key Points

• Chlorofluorocarbons:-
• CFCs are a group of human-made chemicals that were widely used in the past as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, foam-blowing agents, and solvents.
• They are non-toxic, non-flammable, and chemically stable, making them attractive for a variety of industrial and commercial applications.
• However, CFCs have been found to have a devastating impact on the ozone layer, the Earth's protective shield against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

The correct answer is Only (i) and (iii).

Key Points

• Money supply:-
• Money supply is a stock concept, meaning it represents the total amount of money available at a specific point in time.
• It is not a flow concept, which would measure the quantity of money moving over a period of time.
• M1 is indeed the most liquid measure of money supply, as it includes only the most readily accessible forms of money, such as currency and checking deposits.
• Broader measures of money supply, such as M2 and M3, include less liquid assets, such as savings deposits and money market funds.

The correct answer is Petrochemicals.

Key Points

• Petrochemical industry:-
• It is a broad term that encompasses the production of a wide range of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas.
• These chemicals are used in a variety of applications, including the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, elastomers, polymers and surfactant intermediate fertilizers, and pesticides.
• The petrochemical industry is a major global industry, with an annual output of over $500 billion.

The correct answer is Backwaters.

Key Points

• Kayals:-
• These are a network of brackish lagoons and lakes found along the coast of Kerala, India.
• They are formed by the action of waves and currents, which create sandbars and barrier islands that separate the lagoons from the sea.
• Kayals are a vital part of the Kerala ecosystem, providing a habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals, and they also play an important role in the local economy.
• Kayals are typically shallow and have a high salinity due to the mixing of freshwater from rivers and streams with seawater from the Arabian Sea.
• The salinity of the kayals varies depending on the season and the amount of rainfall.
• During the monsoon season, when there is a lot of rainfall, the salinity of the kayals decreases.
• However, during the dry season, when there is very little rainfall, the salinity of the kayals increases.

The correct answer is Harsha Vardhan 

Key Points

• Harshavardhana:-
• He was a prominent Indian emperor of the 7th century CE.
• He ruled over a vast empire that stretched across northern and northwestern India, with the Narmada River as its southern boundary.
• His capital was at Kannauj (present-day Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh state), and he reigned for nearly four decades, from 606 to 647 CE.
• Harshavardhana was born into the Pushyabhuti dynasty, a powerful family that had ruled over Thanesar (present-day Haryana) for several generations.
• His father, Prabhakaravardhana, was a successful ruler who had defeated the Huna invaders and extended his control over neighboring states.
• He sent an envoy to the Chinese court in 641 AD.

Additional Information

• Narasimhavarman I:-
• He was a Pallava emperor who reigned from 630 CE to 668 CE.
• He was the son of Mahendravarman I and is considered one of the greatest Pallava rulers.
• Narasimhavarman I was a skilled military leader and diplomat, and he is credited with reviving Pallava power and prestige.
• He is also known for his patronage of the arts, and he is credited with commissioning the construction of several magnificent temples, including the Shore Temple at Mamallapuram.
• Narsimhavarman II:-
• He was a Pallava monarch who reigned from 690 CE to 725 CE.
• He was the son of Parameswaravarman I and is considered one of the greatest Pallava rulers.
• Pulakeshin I:-
• He was the first sovereign ruler of the Chalukya dynasty of Vatapi (modern Badami).
• He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of India.

The correct answer is 46% and 54% 

Key Points

• Indian steel industry:-
• The Indian steel industry has undergone a significant transformation since the early 1990s.
• Prior to this period, the public sector played a dominant role in the industry, accounting for over 80% of steel production.
• However, since the early 1990s, there has been a gradual shift towards private sector participation.
• As a result, the share of the private sector in steel production increased to 54% in 1990-91, while the share of the public sector decreased to 46%.

The correct answer is Symbol of victory.

Key Points

• Gudi Padwa:-
• A Gudi is a vibrant, colorful flag hoisted during the Gudi Padwa festival, signifying the victory of good over evil, new beginnings, and the triumph of hope over despair.
• It is a sacred symbol that holds deep meaning within Hindu mythology.
• The Gudi is typically made of a bright cloth tied to a bamboo pole, adorned with a neem or mango tree top.
• The neem tree is considered sacred in Hinduism and is believed to possess medicinal properties, while the mango tree symbolizes prosperity and abundance.
• The Gudi flag is often depicted with images of Lord Brahma, the Hindu creator god, as it is believed to represent his flag.
• According to Hindu mythology, Lord Brahma created the universe on the day of Gudi Padwa, making it a day of immense auspiciousness.

The correct answer is William Henry.

Key Points

• C = KP_gas
• _​The equation C = KP_gas, also known as Henry's Law, was formulated by William Henry, an English chemist and physician, in 1803.
• This law states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.

Additional Information

• Edme Mariotte:-
• He was a French physicist and priest who is best known for his work on the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases.
• In 1679, he published a paper in which he stated that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.
• This is known as Boyle's Law, after Robert Boyle, who had independently discovered the same relationship in 1662.
• Jacques Charles:-
• He was a French physicist and mathematician who is best known for his work on the relationship between the volume and temperature of gases.
• In 1787, he published a paper in which he stated that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at a constant pressure. This is known as Charles's Law.
• Robert Boyle:-
• He was an English natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, alchemist, and theologian.
• Boyle is best known for his formulation of the Boyle–Mariotte law, an experimental relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at a constant temperature.
• His work in chemistry included the discovery of hydrogen and the formulation of the gas laws. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry.

The correct answer is WC Banerjee.

 Key Points

• Indian National Congress:-
• The first annual session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) on December 28, 1885.
• The session was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, a prominent Indian barrister and political leader.
• WC Banerjee:-
• Bonnerjee was a key figure in the early Indian nationalist movement and played a pivotal role in establishing the Indian National Congress.
• He was a moderate nationalist who believed in working within the British system to achieve Indian self-rule.
• He was also a strong advocate for social reform and education.

Additional Information

• Surendranath Banerjee:-
• He was a Bengali barrister, journalist, and politician.
• He was the founder of the Indian National Association, one of the first political organizations in India.
• Banerjee was a strong advocate for Indian self-rule and a vocal critic of British rule.
• He was also a leading figure in the Indian independence movement and served as the president of the Indian National Congress three times.
• Dadabhai Naoroji:-
• He was a Parsi barrister, economist, and politician.
• He was known as the "Grand Old Man of India" for his long and distinguished career in public service.
• Naoroji was a leading advocate for Indian self-rule and a strong critic of British economic exploitation of India.
• He was also a pioneer in the field of Indian economics and is credited with developing the "drain of wealth" theory, which argued that British rule was draining India of its wealth. Naoroji served as the president of the Indian National Congress twice.
• Allan Octavian Hume:-
• He was a British civil servant who played a key role in the founding of the Indian National Congress.
• Hume was concerned about the growing discontent among Indians under British rule and believed that a political organization could help to channel that discontent in a constructive way.
• He invited a group of Indian leaders to meet in Bombay in 1885 to discuss the formation of such an organization.
• The meeting was a success, and the Indian National Congress was born.
• Hume served as the first general secretary of the Indian National Congress.

The correct answer is Kalibangan and Lothal.

Key Points

• Fire altar:-
• It is a raised structure, often made of bricks or stones, used for making offerings to fire.
• Fire altars have been used in many cultures around the world for centuries.
• They are often seen as symbols of the divine, and they are used for a variety of religious rituals, including sacrifices, prayers, and blessings.
• Lothal and Kalibangan are located in present-day Gujarat and Rajasthan, respectively. The fire altars found in these cities are similar in design and are thought to have served the same purpose.
• Kalibangan:-
• It boasts well-preserved remnants of houses, streets, and a fortified citadel, showcasing the IVC's organizational prowess.
• The site's sophisticated drainage system and granaries further attest to its inhabitants' engineering skills and ability to manage resources effectively. Radiocarbon dating places Kalibangan's occupation between 2800 BCE and 2200 BCE.
• Lothal:-
• It is located in Gujarat, India.
• It stands out as the world's earliest known dock, hinting at the IVC's extensive trade networks and maritime connections.
• The site also features a granary, a workshop, and a fire altar, underscoring its diverse functions and the importance of religious practices.
• Radiocarbon dating suggests Lothal's occupation spanned from around 2400 BCE to 1900 BCE.

Additional Information

• Banawali:
• It is located in the Indian state of Haryana.
• Banawali is an archaeological site that dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC).
• It is considered one of the earliest sites of the IVC, with evidence of occupation dating back to 3300 BCE.
• The site is known for its well-preserved granaries, terracotta figurines, and copper utensils.
• Chanhudaru:-
• It is situated in the Pakistani province of Sindh.
• Chanhudaru is another significant IVC site. It is believed to have been a major port city, with evidence of trade and cultural exchange with other IVC cities.
• The site is also notable for its unique urban planning, which includes a fortified citadel and a grid-pattern layout.
• Mohenjo-daro:
• It is often referred to as the "metropolis of the Indus Valley Civilization".
• Mohenjo-daro is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Pakistani province of Sindh.
• It is one of the largest and most well-planned cities of the IVC, with a sophisticated urban infrastructure that includes an extensive drainage system, granaries, and public baths.
• Harappa:
• It is situated in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
• Harappa is another prominent IVC site.
• It was the first IVC city to be discovered, and it played a crucial role in understanding the civilization's development.
• The site is known for its impressive brick architecture, including a fortified citadel, granaries, and public buildings.
• Dholavira:
• It is located in Gujarat.
• Dholavira is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• It is one of the largest and most well-preserved IVC cities, with a unique urban planning that showcases the civilization's engineering prowess.
• The site is also notable for its water conservation systems and its evidence of maritime trade.

The correct answer is Hockey.

Key Points

• Rangaswamy Cup:-
• The Rangaswamy Cup is a national hockey competition held in India.
• The competition began in 1928 and was originally known as the Inter-Provincial Tournament.
• Its purpose was to select players for the national team for the Olympics.
• The Rangaswamy Cup is India's most prestigious hockey tournament.
• The competition is held every year and is participated by teams from all states and union territories of India.
• The recent winners of the Rangaswamy Cup are:

The correct answer is 74.04%.

Key Points

• Census of 2011:-
• According to the Census of 2011, the literacy rate in India was 74.04%.
• This represented an increase from 64.8% in 2001. The male literacy rate was 82.14% and the female literacy rate was 65.46%.
• The highest literacy rate was found in Kerala (93.91%) and the lowest literacy rate was found in Bihar (63.82%).

Additional Information

• The total population of India was 1.21 billion, an increase of 18.14% from 2001.
• The population of Uttar Pradesh was the largest, with 194 million people, followed by Maharashtra (112 million) and Bihar (104 million).
• The population of Delhi was the most urbanized, with 93% of people living in urban areas.
• The sex ratio in India was 943 females per 1,000 males.
• The child sex ratio (0-6 years) was 914 females per 1,000 males, a decline from 927 in 2001.
• The scheduled castes (SCs) population was 16.63% of the total population, while the scheduled tribes (STs) population was 8.03%.
• The majority of the population (79.8%) was Hindu, followed by Muslim (14.2%), Christian (2.3%), Sikh (1.7%), and Buddhist (0.8%).

The correct answer is Governor.

Key Points

• Annual financial statement:-
• In India, the Governor of each state is responsible for causing the annual financial statement to be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the State.
• This is mandated by Article 202 of the Constitution of India.
• The annual financial statement, also known as the budget, outlines the estimated receipts and expenditures of the state for the upcoming financial year.
• The Governor presents the budget to the Legislative Assembly, where it is debated and approved.

Additional Information

• President of India:-
• It is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
• The President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states and union territories.
• The President's term of office is five years.
• Deputy Chief Minister:-
• It is the second-in-command of the Council of Ministers, after the Prime Minister.
• The Deputy Chief Minister is responsible for assisting the Prime Minister in the administration of the Union government.
• The Deputy Chief Minister is also responsible for coordinating the work of the various ministries of the Union government.
• Chief Minister of India:-
• It is the head of government of an Indian state.
• The Chief Minister is elected by the members of the state legislature, and is responsible for leading the state government.
• The Chief Minister's powers are executive, legislative, and judicial.
• The Chief Minister is responsible for the administration of the state government, and has the power to appoint the Council of Ministers.
• The Chief Minister also has the power to veto laws passed by the state legislature, and to grant pardons and reprieves.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• Asian Games:-
• India was the first country to host the Asian Games, in 1951.
• The games were held in New Delhi, and 489 athletes from 11 Asian countries participated in 57 medal events.
• Japan topped the medals table with 60 medals, followed by India with 51 medals.
• The Asian Games, also known as the Asiad, is a continental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF).

The correct answer is the form, classification, mechanism, and causes of rock structures’ evolution.

Key Points

• Structural geology:-
• It deals with the the form, classification, mechanism, and causes of rock structures’ evolution.
• It seeks to understand how rocks have been deformed by forces such as plate tectonics, impact events, and volcanic activity.
• Structural geologists use a variety of techniques to study rocks, including field observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling.
• Some of the key topics in structural geology include:
• Folds: Folds are curved rock layers that form when rocks are compressed.
• Faults: Faults are fractures in rocks along which there has been displacement.
• Joints: Joints are fractures in rocks that do not show any displacement.
• Cleavage: Cleavage is a planar fabric in rocks that develops as a result of deformation.
• Foliation: Foliation is a general term for any planar fabric in rocks.
• Lineation: Lineation is a linear fabric in rocks that develops as a result of deformation.

The correct answer is 1911.

Key Points

• Air transport in India:-
• Air transport in India was launched in 1911 with the first official airmail flight flown by French pilot Henri Pequet.
• The flight took place on February 18, 1911, from Allahabad to Naini, a distance of about 6 miles. Pequet carried about 6,500 pieces of mail on his Humber biplane.
• The flight was a success and marked the beginning of a new era for transportation in India.
• In the years that followed, air transport in India grew rapidly.
• In 1912, the first regular air service in India was established between Karachi and Delhi.
• This service was operated by the Indian State Air Services, which was a joint venture between the Indian government and Imperial Airways of the United Kingdom.

The correct answer is Yajurveda.

Key Points

• Yajurveda:-
• The Yajurveda is the Veda primarily of prose mantras for worship rituals.
• It is one of the four Vedas, the Hindu scriptures that are considered to be the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.
• The Yajurveda is compiled with ritual-offering formulas that were said by a priest while an individual performed ritual actions such as those before the Yajna fire.
• The Yajurveda is also one of the scriptures of Hinduism.
• The Veda that is found in two recensions, black and white, and is full of rituals to be performed publicly or individually is the Yajurveda.

Additional Information

• Rigveda:-
• It is the oldest and most important of the four Vedas.
• It is a collection of over 1,000 hymns that were composed over a period of centuries, most likely between 1500 and 1200 BCE.
• The hymns are dedicated to a variety of deities, including Indra, Agni, and Soma.
• The Rigveda is considered to be one of the most important texts in Hindu literature. It is a source of information about early Indian culture and religion.
• Atharvaveda:-
• It is the fourth and youngest of the four Vedas.
• It is a collection of hymns and spells that are used for a variety of purposes, including healing, protection, and cursing.
• The Atharvaveda is considered to be a practical Veda, as it deals with the everyday concerns of life.
• It is also a source of information about Indian folk medicine and magic.
• Samaveda:-
• It is the third of the four Vedas.
• It is a collection of hymns that are set to music.
• The hymns are derived from the Rigveda, but they are set to a different melody.
• The Samaveda is considered to be the Veda of music, and it is used in Hindu rituals. It is also a source of information about Indian music theory and practice.

The correct answer is Maya Angelou. 

Key Points

• I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings:-
• It is a poignant and powerful autobiography by Maya Angelou, chronicling her childhood and early adolescence in the racially segregated South of the United States from the 1930s to the 1940s.
• Through vivid storytelling and raw emotion, Angelou paints a vivid portrait of her experiences with racism, poverty, and trauma, yet also highlights her resilience, strength, and unwavering belief in the power of words and education.

Additional Information

• Dolly Alderton:-
• She is a British writer and journalist born in 1994.
• She is best known for her novel Everything I Know About Love, which was adapted into a television series in 2022. Alderton has also written for publications such as The Guardian, The Sunday Times, and Vogue.
• She is known for her witty and insightful writing about love, relationships, and modern life.
• Michelle Obama:-
• She is an American lawyer, writer, and television personality who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
• She is the wife of former President Barack Obama. Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School.
• She worked as a lawyer and corporate executive before entering public service. As First Lady, Obama focused on issues such as healthy living, education, and support for military families.
• She is also the author of two bestselling books, Becoming and The Light We Carry.
• Patricia Lockwood:-
• She is an American poet and essayist born in 1981.
• She is best known for her memoir Priestdaddy, which was a finalist for the 2017 National Book Critics Circle Award in Autobiography. Lockwood is also a contributing editor at The New Yorker.

The correct answer is Article 39 A

Key Points

• Article 39A:-
• It is a fundamental right that guarantees equal justice and free legal aid to all citizens.
• It states that "The State shall ensure that, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, as may be every citizen, regardless of economic or other disabilities, has access to justice".
• This means that the government has a responsibility to provide legal aid to those who cannot afford it. The right to free legal aid is not justiciable, meaning that it cannot be enforced through the courts.
• However, it is a fundamental right that is enshrined in the Constitution, and the government has a moral obligation to uphold it.

Additional Information

• Article 43A- Living wage, etc, for workers.
• Article 43B - Promotion of co-operative societies.

The correct answer is Mahad Satyagraha.

Key Points

• Mahad Satyagraha:-
• It is also known as the Chavdar Tale Satyagraha.
• It was a non-violent resistance movement led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to assert the right of untouchables to use a public water tank in Mahad, Maharashtra, India. It took place on March 20, 1927.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent Dalit leader and intellectual, recognized the need to challenge these unjust practices. He believed in the power of education and self-improvement to uplift the Dalit community.

Additional Information

• Nasik Temple Satyagraha:-
• It was a non-violent protest movement led by Mahatma Gandhi to allow Dalits to enter the Kalaram Temple in Nasik, Maharashtra, India.
• The protest took place between March 25 and April 2, 1930.
• Mulshi Satyagraha:-
• It was a non-violent protest movement led by Mahatma Gandhi to protect the rights of farmers in the Mulshi taluka of Pune district, Maharashtra, India.
• The protest took place between 1925 and 1927.
• Dharasana Satyagraha:-
• It was a non-violent protest movement led by Mahatma Gandhi to protest against the salt tax in India.
• The protest took place on May 13, 1930.

The correct answer is Madras.

Key Points

• Home Rule League:-
• It was an Indian political organization that campaigned for self-governance for India within the British Empire.
• It was founded in 1916 by two prominent Indian nationalists, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant.
• The Home Rule League was active for about two years, and it played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.
• Annie Besant’s Home Rule League was centered in Madras, India.

Additional Information

• Annie Besant:-
• She was a British socialist, theosophist, freemason, women's rights and Home Rule activist, educationist, and campaigner for Indian nationalism.
• She was an ardent supporter of both Irish and Indian self-rule.
• She is the First Female President of the Indian National Congress in 1917.

The correct answer is 8 km and 18 km.

Key Points

• Troposphere:-
• The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.
• It is the densest layer of the atmosphere, containing about 75% of the total mass of the atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor.
• The height of the troposphere varies with latitude, being lowest at the poles (about 8 kilometers or 5 miles) and highest at the equator (about 18 kilometers or 11 miles).
• This is because the Earth receives more solar radiation at the equator, which heats the air and causes it to expand and rise.
• The rising air cools as it expands, and this process continues until the air reaches the tropopause, the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The tropopause is marked by a sharp decrease in temperature with height.

The correct answer is Rani Machaiah.

 Key Points

• Rani Machaiah:-
• She is a renowned Indian folk dancer and cultural activist from Kodagu, Karnataka, India.
• She is widely recognized for her unwavering dedication to preserving and promoting the Kodava culture, particularly the traditional folk dance form known as Ummathat.
• Her tireless efforts have earned her the prestigious Padma Shri award, one of India's highest civilian honors, in 2023.

Additional Information

• Ajay Kumar Mandavi:-
• He is a wood artist and social worker from Chhattisgarh, India.
• He is known for his work in teaching wood art to prisoners in the Kanker District Jail, which has helped many of them to rehabilitate and find a new livelihood after their release.
• Mandavi was awarded the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian honors, in 2023 for his contributions to society.

The correct answer is Jagjit Singh.

Key Points

• The Unforgettables:-
• The collection of semi-classical music "The Unforgettables" was by the Ghazal singer Jagjit Singh and his wife Chitra Singh.
• The album was released in two volumes in 1976 and 1978, respectively.
• It features a selection of their most popular ghazals, as well as some lesser-known gems. The album is considered to be a classic of Indian music and has been reissued numerous times.

Additional Information

• Jagjit Singh:-
• He is often referred to as the "Ghazal King".
• He was a renowned Indian composer, singer, and musician who played a pivotal role in revitalizing and popularizing the ghazal, an ancient form of Urdu poetry set to music.
• Born in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, on February 8, 1941, Singh's melodious voice and heartfelt renditions captivated audiences worldwide.
• Mehdi Hassan:-
• He is a British-American broadcaster and best-selling author of Indian descent.
• He has presented The Mehdi Hasan Show on Peacock since October 2020 and on MSNBC since February 2021.
• Hasan is known for his progressive and critical views on politics, media, and society.
• He has been praised for his sharp wit and incisive commentary, but he has also been criticized for his sometimes abrasive style.
• Mallika Pukhraj:-
• She was a highly popular ghazal and folk singer of Pakistan.
• She was generally known as "Malika", meaning "The Queen", publicly. She was extremely popular for her rendition of Hafeez Jalandhri's nazm song, Abhi tau main jawan hoon ("I am still young"), which is enjoyed by millions not only in Pakistan, but also in India.
• Talat Mahmood:-
• He was an Indian playback singer and a ghazal maestro. He was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, to a family with a rich musical heritage.
• Talat's melodious voice and emotive renditions of ghazals made him one of the most sought-after singers of the Golden Era of Hindi cinema.
• He lent his voice to legendary actors like Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand, Raj Kapoor, and Sunil Dutt, and sang some of the most memorable Hindi film songs of the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s.

The correct answer is BVR Subrahmanyam.

Key Points

• B.V.R. Subrahmanyam:-
• He is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1987 batch (Chhattisgarh cadre).
• He is currently the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NITI Aayog, the Government of India's policy think tank.
• He has also served as the Secretary in the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Chief Secretary of Jammu & Kashmir, and Additional Chief Secretary (Home) of Chhattisgarh.
• He has also served in various positions in the Prime Minister's Office.

Additional Information

• T. V. Somanathan:-
• He is a distinguished Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1987 batch, currently serving as the Finance Secretary of India.
• He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Calcutta and has extensive experience in various facets of public administration, finance, and development economics.
• Amitabh Kant:-
• He is an Indian economist, bureaucrat, and author who has served in various positions in the Government of India.
• He is currently the G20 Sherpa of India, responsible for representing India at the G20 summits.
• Ajay Kumar Bhalla:-
• He is an Indian civil servant who is currently serving as the Home Secretary of India.
• He is a 1984-batch IAS officer of the Assam-Meghalaya cadre. He has held several important positions in the Government of India, including Secretary, Ministry of Power, Director General of Foreign Trade, and Additional Secretary, Department of Commerce.

The correct answer is Both A and C.

Key Points

• Hornbill Festival:-
• It is also known as the 'Festival of Festivals,' is an annual cultural extravaganza held in the northeastern Indian state of Nagaland.
• It takes place from the 1st to 10th of December every year, showcasing the vibrant and diverse Naga heritage through a kaleidoscope of traditional music, dances, cuisine, handicrafts, and indigenous sports.
• The festival's name is derived from the revered hornbill bird, a symbol of wisdom, peace, and prosperity in Naga folklore.
• The hornbill's majestic presence and its significance in Naga culture are reflected in the festival's colorful attire, intricate hornbill-inspired artwork, and captivating dance performances that mimic the bird's movements.

The correct answer is CH₃Cl.

Key Points

• Methyl chloride:-
• It also known as chloromethane or Refrigerant-40, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃Cl.
• It is a colorless, sweet-smelling, flammable gas that is used in a variety of industrial applications.
• Methyl chloride is produced by the reaction of methanol with hydrogen chloride. It can also be produced by the chlorination of methane.
• Methyl chloride is used in a variety of industrial applications, including:
• Refrigerant: Methyl chloride was formerly used as a refrigerant, but it has been phased out due to its environmental concerns.
• Fumigant: Methyl chloride is used as a fumigant to control pests in stored grain and other products.
• Methylating agent: Methyl chloride is used as a methylating agent to attach CH3 groups to other molecules.
• Silicone production: Methyl chloride is used in the production of silicone polymer

Additional Information

• Methane:-
• CH₄ is a chemical compound with the simplest alkane and the main constituent of natural gas.
• It is a colorless, odorless gas that is flammable and has a boiling point of -161.5 °C (-258.7 °F) and a melting point of -182.5 °C (-294.5 °F).
• Ethane:-
• It is a naturally occurring organic compound with the chemical formula C₂H₆.
• At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is the second simplest alkane, after methane, and is the main component of natural gas.
• Acetylene or ethyne:-
• C₂H₂ is the simplest alkyne, a chemical compound with the formula H−C≡C−H.
• It is a colorless gas with a faint, garlic-like odor. Acetylene is highly flammable and unstable, and it is often handled in a solution.

The correct answer is  Pesticides residues. 

Key Points

• Pesticides:-
• These are chemicals used to kill pests, such as insects, rodents, and weeds.
• They can be found on fruits, vegetables, and other foods.
• When pesticides are not washed off of food or when they are used in excessive amounts, they can become a chemical hazard.

Additional Information

• Physical hazards:-
• These are any object that can cause injury if swallowed or ingested.
• For example, swallowing a stone or piece of jewellery could cause choking or blockage of the digestive tract.
• Stones, sand, and jewellery are physical hazards, not chemical hazards.

The correct answer is Scypha.

Key Points

• Scypha:-
• It is a cnidarian, which is a type of invertebrate animal that includes jellyfish, corals, and anemones.
• Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotes, while cnidarians are multicellular eukaryotes.
• Scypha is not a protozoan.

Additional Information

• Euglena:-
• It is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes that are characterized by their photosynthetic capabilities.
• They are found in freshwater and saltwater environments, and they have a flagellum that allows them to move.
• Euglena are able to produce their own food through photosynthesis, but they can also ingest bacteria and other small organisms.
• Amoeba:-
• It is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes that are known for their ability to change shape.
• They are found in freshwater and saltwater environments, as well as in soil.
• Amoeba move by extending and retracting their pseudopodia, which are finger-like projections of their cell membrane.
• Plasmodium:-
• It is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes that are parasites of vertebrates.
• They are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
• Plasmodium causes malaria, a disease that can be fatal if not treated.

The correct answer is Natya Shastra.

Key Points

• Natya Shastra:-
• Natya Shastra is a treatise on the art of theatre, dance, and music. It is considered to be one of the oldest and most comprehensive texts on these subjects.
• The text is attributed to Bharata Muni, a sage who is said to have lived in the 2^nd century BCE.
• Natya Shastra is divided into 36 chapters and covers a wide range of topics, including the history of theatre, the different types of plays, the roles of the actors, the costumes, the music, and the dance.
• The text also provides detailed instructions on how to perform a play.
• Natya Shastra has had a profound influence on the development of theatre, dance, and music in India.
• It is still studied and performed today, and it is considered to be a classic work of Indian literature.

Additional Information

• Yajur Veda:-
• It is one of the four Vedas, the sacred scriptures of Hinduism.
• It is a collection of mantras, or sacred utterances, that are used in religious rituals. Yajur Veda is divided into two main parts: the Black Yajur Veda and the White Yajur Veda.
• Artha Shastra:-
• It is a treatise on economics, politics, and statecraft.
• It is considered to be one of the oldest and most important works on these subjects.
• The text is attributed to Kautilya, a minister to the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya.
• Atharva Veda:-
• It is one of the four Vedas, the sacred scriptures of Hinduism.
• It is a collection of mantras, or sacred utterances, that are used in a variety of rituals.
• Atharva Veda is divided into 20 books and contains over 7000 mantras.

The correct answer is Anurag Thakur.

Key Points

• Anurag Thakur:-
• He is an Indian politician currently serving as the Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting and Youth Affairs and Sports in the Government of India.
• He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been a Member of Parliament (MP) from Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh since 2008.
• Thakur is an avid sports enthusiast and has served as the president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) from 2015 to 2017.
• He is also the president of the Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association (HPCA).

Additional Information

• S Jaishankar:-
• He is the current Minister of External Affairs of India.
• He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been a Member of Parliament (MP) from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, since 2014.
• Smriti Irani:-
• She is the current Minister for Women and Child Development and Minister for Minority Affairs of India.
• She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been a Member of Parliament (MP) from Amethi, Uttar Pradesh, since 2019.
• Kiren Rijiju:-
• He is the current Minister of Law and Justice and Minister of Justice of India.
• He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been a Member of Parliament (MP) from Arunachal West, Arunachal Pradesh, since 2004.