SSC Steno 2022 Official Paper (Held On: 18 Nov 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

Logic: The second word is the field of study associated with the first word.

Here,

Animal : Zoology → Zoology is the field of study associated with animals.

Similarly,

Plant : Botany → Botany is the field of study associated with plants.

Hence, the correct answer is "Botany".

Given: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a square table not facing the centre.

Some of them are sitting at the corners while some are sitting at the exact centre of the sides.

1. A is sitting to the immediate right of F and immediate left of E.

2. C is sitting to the immediate right of E.

3. G is sitting two places from the right of E.

4. B is sitting to the immediate right of G.

5. H is sitting to the immediate right of B and immediate left of D.

6. D is sitting to the left of F.

Here, 'F' is sitting between A and D.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct dictionary order for the give words are:

5. Sadly 
6. Sailboat
7. Sailor
8. Saint
9. Sanction

So, the correct sequence is '5, 1, 3, 2, 4'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given Statements:

All buses are cars.

No jeep is a car.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. No car is a jeep - True (Because, No jeep is a car).

II. No jeep is a bus - True (Because, All busses are Cars and No jeep is a car).

So, Only conclusion I and II follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

'PARUL' is coded as RDTXN',

'MADHU' is coded as 'ODFKW',

Similarly, for 'VIJAY'

So, 'VIJAY' will be coded as 'XLLDA'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Family Chart:

Given: Pointing at a girl, Seema said, “She is my father’s mother’s husband’s only son’s daughter”.

So, the girl is 'Sister' of Seema.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given Statement: A ≤ D < C = B > E ≥ F < G

Now,

Conclusions:

(i) B > A → True (A ≤ D < C = B gives A < B)

(ii) C < F → False (C = B > E ≥ F gives C > F)

Here, Only conclusion I is true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

So, '3367' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The image that completes the pattern is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Given Sequence: _ M _ B A J M Q _ A _ M Q B _ J _ _ B _

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

Option 1) J Q B J A M Q A → J M Q B A / J M Q B A / J M Q B A / J M Q B A

'J M Q B A' are repeated.

Option 2) B Q A J M Q A B → B M Q B A / J M Q A A / J M Q B M / J Q A B B

Option 3) A M B Q J M J Q → A M M B A / J M Q B A / Q M Q B J / J M J B Q

Option 4) J A M M Q A B J → J M A B A / J M Q M A / M M Q B Q / J A B B J

Here, 'Option 1' followed a pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Car and Motorbike both are different Vehicle.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: 

Town C is to the south of Town A.

Town D is to the west of town A.

Town B is to the east of town D.

Town E is to the south of town B and south-east of Town C.

So, Town A is at the West direction with the respect to Town B.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Consonants opposite value + Vowels place value + 12 = Code.

Now,

'DAM’ is coded as '50'

For, 'PAD' is coded as '47'

Similarly, for ‘MAP’

So, 'MAP' will be coded as '38'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

So, 'LXV' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

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So, 'UBYQ' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (3rd number)² - 13 = 2nd number,

(3rd number)2 + 13 = 1st number.

Now,

For (182, 156, 13)

→ 13² - 13 ⇒ 169 - 13 = 156.

→ 132 + 13 ⇒ 169 + 13 = 182.

For (238, 212, 15) 

→ 152 - 13 ⇒ 225 - 13 = 212.

→ 152 + 13 ⇒ 225 + 13 = 238.

Similarly, for (337, 311, 18)

→ 182 - 13 ⇒ 324 - 13 = 311.

→ 182 + 13 ⇒ 324 + 13 = 337.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given Statements:

All trojans are fairies.

No fairy is a flower.

All viruses are trojans.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. No flower is a trojan - True (Because, All trojans are part of fairy, and no fairy is flower).

II. Some viruses are trojans - True (Because, All viruses are trojans, it also gives some virus are trojans).

III. No trojan is a virus - False (Because, All viruses are trojans).

So, Only conclusion I and II follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

So, '552' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) TWGD

Option 2) ADZE

Option 3) PSKH

Option 4) FIUR

Here, 'ADZE' is odd among the given options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 2nd number + 3rd number = 1st number.

Now,

(212, 101, 111)

→ 101 + 111 = 212.

(256, 123, 133)

→ 123 + 133 = 256.

Similarly, for (182, 74, 108)

→ 74 + 108 = 182.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation: 65 * 56 * 8 * 19 * 2 * 34.

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) −, ÷, −, ×, =

Given: 65 * 56 * 8 * 19 * 2 * 34

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 65 - 56 ÷ 8 - 19 × 2 = 34

⇒ 65 - 7 - 19 × 2 = 34

⇒ 65 - 7 - 38 = 34

⇒ 20 ≠ 34

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) +, +, −, ×, =

Given: 65 * 56 * 8 * 19 * 2 * 34

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 65 + 56 + 8 - 19 × 2 = 34

⇒ 65 + 56 + 8 - 38 = 34

⇒ 129 - 38 = 34

⇒ 91 ≠ 34

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) +, ×, −, ×, =

Given: 65 * 56 * 8 * 19 * 2 * 34

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 65 + 56 × 8 - 19 × 2 = 34

⇒ 65 + 448 - 38 = 34

⇒  513 - 38 = 34

⇒ 475 ≠ 34

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) +, ÷, −, ×, =

Given: 65 * 56 * 8 * 19 * 2 * 34

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 65 + 56 ÷ 8 - 19 × 2 = 34

⇒ 65 + 7 - 19 × 2 = 34

⇒ 65 + 7 - 38 = 34

⇒ 72 - 38 = 34

⇒ 34 = 34

⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) MPJ

Option 2) DIB

Option 3) HKE

Option 4) TWQ

Here, 'DIB' is odd among the given options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given Statements:

All beards are nails.

Some nails are rings.

All rings are pendants.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. All rings can never be nails - False (Because, Some rings are nails).

II. Some beards are rings - False (Because, No definite relation given between beards and rings, so it can be possible only).

III. Some nails are pendants - True (Because, those part of nails that is ring is also pendants).

So, Only conclusion III follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: **(**1st number)² + (2nd number)² = 3rd number.

Now,

For (16, 11, 377) 

→ (16)² + (11)2

→ 256 + 121 = 377.

Now, checking the options:

Option 1: (12, 15, 367)

→ (12)2 + (15)2

→ 144 + 225 = 369 ≠ 367.

Option 2: (16, 14, 452)

→ (16)2 + (14)2

→ 256 + 196 = 452.

Option 3: (14, 12, 340) 

→ (14)2 + (12)2

→ 196 + 144 = 340.

Option 4: (18, 13, 493) 

→ (18)2 + (13)2

→ 324 + 169 = 493.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given: 

Town M is to the west of Town D.

Town C is to the south-west of Town D.

Town D is to the north of Town B.

Town A is to the south of Town C.

Town M is to the north of Town C.

Town B is to the north-east of Town A.

So, Town B is South-east of Town M.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: **(**1st number)² + 2nd number = 3rd number.

Now,

(11, 100, 221)

→ (11)² + 100

→ 121 + 100 = 221.

(14, 104, 300)

→ (14)2 + 104

→ 196 + 104 = 300.

Similarly, for (13, 162, 331)

→ (13)2 + 162

→ 169 + 162 = 331.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given equation: (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 7) ÷ 9.

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) 11 and 28

Given: (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 7) ÷ 9

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 28 − 4 = (11 × 3 + 7) ÷ 9

⇒ (187.5 + 3) ÷ 28 − 4 = (33 + 7) ÷ 9

⇒ 190.5 ÷ 28 − 4 = 40 ÷ 9

⇒ 6.80 − 4 = 4.44

⇒ 2.80 ≠ 4.44

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) 2 and 3

Given: (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 7) ÷ 9

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (357 ÷ 3 + 2) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 2 + 7) ÷ 9

⇒ (119 + 2) ÷ 11 − 4 = (56 + 7) ÷ 9

⇒ 121 ÷ 11 − 4 = 63 ÷ 9

⇒ 11 - 4 = 7

⇒ 7 = 7

⇒ LHS = RHS

Option 3) 7 and 9

Given: (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 7) ÷ 9

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 9) ÷ 7

⇒ (187.5 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (84 + 9) ÷ 7

⇒ 190.5 ÷ 11 − 4 = 93 ÷ 7

⇒ 17.32 - 4 = 13.28

⇒ 13.32 ≠ 13.28

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) 2 and 9

Given: (357 ÷ 2 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 7) ÷ 9

After interchanging the numbers we get;

⇒ (357 ÷ 9 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (28 × 3 + 7) ÷ 2

⇒ (39.67 + 3) ÷ 11 − 4 = (84 + 7) ÷ 2

⇒ 42.67 ÷ 11 − 4 = 91 ÷ 2

⇒ 3.88 − 4 = 45.5

⇒ -0.12 ≠ 45.5

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 1st number × (1st number + 1) + 1 = 2nd number.

Now,

6 : 43

→ 6 × (6 + 1) + 1,

→ 6 × 7 + 1 = 43.

4 : 21

→ 4 × (4 + 1) + 1,

→ 4 × 5 + 1 = 21.

Similarly, for 11 : ?

→ 11 × (11 + 1) + 1,

→ 11 × 12 + 1 = 133.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The squares are:

So, there is '28' squares in the given figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: **(√**1st number + 1)² × 2 = 2nd number.

Now,

For 16 : 50

→ (√16 + 1)² × 2

→ (4 + 1)2 × 2

→ 25 × 2 = 50.

For 144 : 338 

→ (√144 + 1)2 × 2

→ (12 + 1)2 × 2

→ 169 × 2 = 338.

Similarly, for 49 : ?

→ (√49 + 1)2 × 2

→ (7 + 1)2 × 2

→ 64 × 2 = 128.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

For, MASTER : TSAMRE

For, SMILES : LIMSSE

Similarly, for FLIMSY : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

So, '93' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: Six friends A, C, D, E, F and G are sitting in a straight row, facing north.

They are waiting for their seventh friend B to join.

1. Exactly three people are sitting to the left of A.

2.  D is sitting to the immediate left of A, and E is second to the right of A.

3) C is occupying an end seat. 

4) F and D are immediate neighbours of G. 

Here, 'B' sit Fourth to the right of F.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation: 140 D 7 A 30 = 25 B ? D 8 

Decoding the given information :

Now, replacing the sign from left to right and using BODMAS rule, we get :

New equation : 140 ÷ 7 + 30 = 25 × ? ÷ 8 

Calculation :

⇒ 140 ÷ 7 + 30 = 25 × ? ÷ 8 

⇒ 20 + 30 = 25 × ? ÷ 8

⇒ 50 = 25 × ? ÷ 8

⇒ ? = 50 × 8 ÷ 25 = 16.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: **(**3rd number - 2nd number) × 5 = 1st number.

Now,

For (75, 55, 70)

→ (70 - 55) × 5

→ 15 × 5 = 75.

For (65, 55, 68) 

→ (68 - 55) × 5

→ 13 × 5 = 65.

Similarly, for (95, 85, 104)

→ (104 - 85) × 5

→ 19 × 5 = 95.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: I, J, K, L, M, N and O are seven friends having different ages.

1. I is elder than K but younger than J.

J > I > K

2. K is elder than N but younger than I.

J > I > K > N 

3. J is elder than I but younger than 2 persons.

__ > __ > J > I > K > N 

4. L is elder than J.

5. M is not the eldest and O is the youngest.

L > M > J > I > K > N > O

There are '1 person' who's age is between I and N.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Alphabet are rotating one place in clockwise direction.

Symbols are rotated alternatively.

So, 'Option 4' will replace the question mark.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Sum of the place value of all numbers = Code of the word.

'FUTURE' is coded as ‘91'

⇒ 6 + 21 + 20 + 21 + 18 + 5 ⇒ 91.

'MONEY’ is coded as ‘72'

⇒ 13 + 15 + 14 + 5 + 25 ⇒ 72.

Similarly, for 'SECURE'

⇒ 19 + 5 + 3 + 21 + 18 + 5 ⇒ 71.

So, 'SECURE' will be coded as '71'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Step I: Symbol 'Arrow' are getting shifted one place in clockwise direction.

Step II: Symbol 'Rectangle' are getting rotated and shifted one place in clockwise direction.

Step III: Symbol 'Diamond' are getting shifted one place in anti-clockwise direction.

 

The complete series will be:

So, 'Option 1' will replace the question mark.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: 1st number + 2nd number + (2nd number ÷ 2) = 3rd number.

Now,

First row - 4, 6, 13

→ 4 + 6 + (6 ÷ 2)

→ 4 + 6 + 3 = 13.

Second row - 9, 8, 21

→ 9 + 8 + (8 ÷ 2)

→ 9 + 8 + 4 = 21.

Similarly, for Third row - 5, 6, ?

→ 5 + 6 + (6 ÷ 2)

→ 5 + 6 + 3 = 14.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The image that completes the pattern is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (Sum of the place value of all numbers) × 2 = Code of the word.

'AMIT' is coded as 86'

⇒ (1 + 13 + 9 + 20) × 2

⇒ 43 × 2 = 86.

'VIJAY' is coded as 134'

⇒ (22 + 9 + 10 + 1 + 25) × 2

⇒ 67 × 2 = 134.

Similarly, for 'GARIMA'

⇒ (7 + 1 + 18 + 9 + 13 + 1) × 2

⇒ 49 × 2 = 98.

So, 'GARIMA' will be coded as '98'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation: 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ ( 5 × 3 + 1) = 30 .

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) × and −

Given: 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ (5 × 3 + 1) = 30 

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 × 196 ÷ (5 - 3 + 1) = 30  

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 × 196 ÷ 3 = 30  

⇒ 16 × 65.33 = 30  

⇒ 1045.28 ≠ 30

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) × and +

Given: 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ ( 5 × 3 + 1) = 30 

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ (5 + 3 × 1) = 30 

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ (5 + 3) = 30 

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ 8 = 30 

⇒ 16 − 24.5 = 30 

⇒ -8.5 ≠ 30

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) + and ÷

Given: 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ ( 5 × 3 + 1) = 30 

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 272 + 17 − 196 + (5 × 3 ÷ 1) = 30 

⇒ 272 + 17 − 196 + 15 = 30 

⇒ 304 − 196 = 30  

⇒ 108 ≠ 30

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) + and −

Given: 272 ÷ 17 − 196 ÷ ( 5 × 3 + 1) = 30 

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 + 196 ÷ (5 × 3 - 1) = 30 

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 + 196 ÷ (15 - 1) = 30 

⇒ 272 ÷ 17 + 196 ÷ 14 = 30 

⇒ 16 + 14= 30 

⇒ 30 = 30

⇒ LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given Statements:

No toy is beautiful.

Some beautiful are actresses.

All actresses are rich.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. No toy is rich - False (Because, No definite relation given between toy and rich, so it can be possible only).

II. Some actresses are beautiful - True (Because, Some beautiful are actresses).

III. Some actresses are rich - True (Because, All actresses are rich gives some actresses are also rich).

So, Only conclusions II and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation: (35 – 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 ÷ 3 + 100) × 11.

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) ÷ and +

Given: (35 – 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 ÷ 3 + 100) × 11

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ (35 – 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 + 3 ÷ 100) × 11

⇒ 33 × 3 = (56 × 8 + 0.03) × 11

⇒ 99 = (448 + 0.03) × 11

⇒ 99 = 448.03 × 11

⇒ 99 ≠ 40.73

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) × and ÷

Given: (35 – 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 ÷ 3 + 100) × 11

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ (35 – 2) ÷ 3 = (56 ÷ 8 × 3 + 100) ÷ 11

⇒ 33 ÷ 3 = (7 × 3 + 100) ÷ 11

⇒ 11 = (21 + 100) ÷ 11

⇒ 11 = 121 ÷ 11

⇒ 11 = 11

⇒ LHS = RHS

Option 3) + and − 

Given: (35 – 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 ÷ 3 + 100) × 11 

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ (35 + 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 ÷ 3 - 100) × 11

⇒ 37 × 3 = (149.33 - 100) × 11

⇒ 111 = 49.33 × 11

⇒ 111 ≠ 1642.63

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) × and -

Given: (35 – 2) × 3 = (56 × 8 ÷ 3 + 100) × 11

After interchanging the signs we get;

⇒ (35 × 2) - 3 = (56 - 8 ÷ 3 + 100) - 11

⇒ 70 - 3 = (56 - 2.67 + 100) - 11

⇒ 67 = (156 - 2.67) - 11

⇒ 67 = 153.33 - 11

⇒ 67 ≠ 143.33

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Start from the largest geographical area (Europe),

Narrowing down to a specific region in Europe (West Europe),

Then further down to a country within that region (France),

Then to a specific part of that country (South France),

And finally, to a specific city in that region of France (Nice).

So, the order would be: '2, 3, 4, 5, 1'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation: 831 * 3 * 13 * 45 * 245 * 1.

BODMAS Table: 

Let's check each option one by one.

Option 1) ÷, +, −, =, ×

Given: 831 * 3 * 13 * 45 * 245 * 1

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 831 ÷ 3 + 13 - 45 = 245 × 1

⇒ 277 + 13 - 45 = 245

⇒ 290 - 45 = 245

⇒ 245 = 245

⇒ LHS = RHS

Option 2) =, ×, ÷, +, −

Given: 831 * 3 * 13 * 45 * 245 * 1 

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 831 = 3 × 13 ÷ 45 + 245 - 1 

⇒ 831 = 0.87 + 245 - 1 

⇒ 831 = 245.87 - 1 

⇒ 831 ≠ 244.87

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) =, −, ÷, +, −

Given: 831 * 3 * 13 * 45 * 245 * 1 

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 831 = 3 - 13 ÷ 45 + 245 - 1 

⇒ 831 = 3 - 0.29 + 245 - 1 

⇒ 831 = 248 - 0.29 - 1 

⇒ 831 ≠ 246.71

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) =, ÷, +, −, × 

Given: 831 * 3 * 13 * 45 * 245 * 1 

After replacing the * signs we get;

⇒ 831 = 3 ÷ 13 + 45 - 245 × 1 

⇒ 831 = 0.23 + 45 - 245 × 1 

⇒ 831 = 0.23 + 45 - 245

⇒ 831 = 45.23 - 245

⇒ 831 ≠ -199.77

⇒ LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given date: 19th November 2053.

Now,

Till 2052 → 2000 + 52

 

⇒ 0 + 65 = 65 odd days.

And, till 19 November

⇒ 31(Jan) + 28(Feb) + 31(March) + 30(April) + 31(May) + 30(June) + 31(July) + 31(Aug) + 30(Sep) + 31(Oct) + 19(Nov) = 323 odd days.

Total odd days → 65 + 323 = 388 days = 388/7 = 55 week and 3 odd days.

→ 3 represents Wednesday.

So, 19 November 2053 will be Wednesday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Family Chart:

Decoding the Symbols:

 

Given: A + B # C % D # E

It means: A is the Daughter of B, B is the Wife of C, C is the Son of D, D is the Wife of E.

Option 1) C is the father of A → True.

Option 2) B is sister of E’s son → False.

Option 3) D is the mother of B’s husband → True.

Option 4) A is the daughter of E’s son → True.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Pandit Anokhe Lal Mishra was a renowned Tabla player

 Key Points

• The tabla is actually two drums played by the same performer.
• Both drums have compound skins onto which a tuning paste, or siyahi, is added to help generate the wide variety of tones these drums can produce.
• It was invented by Amir khusru in 1738.
• The right side is called the Tabla and the left, the Bayan or Dagga.
• It is type of Avanaddha vadya or Membranophones
• The bayan is the larger of the two drums and is generally made of metal or pottery.
• The smaller drum is called the dahini or sometimes referred to as the tabla.
• Dahini is usually made of heavy lathe-turned rosewood and provides much higher pitch sounds than does the bayan.
• The siyahi on the bayan is off-center, which allows the performer to add variable pressure on the skin, changing the pitch of the instrument with the palm of his or her hand while striking it with the fingertips.

• Krishnadeva Raya defeated the Sultan of Bijapur in 1520 in Battle of Raichur

​ 

Key Points

Political consequences

• The Vijayanagara victory weakened the power and prestige of the Adil Shah.
• He turned his attention to making alliances with the other Muslim neighbours.
• The victory also caused other Sultans in Deccan to form an alliance to defeat the Vijayanagar Empire
• The war also affected the fortunes of the Portuguese on the west coast.
• Goa rose and fell simultaneously with the rise and fall of the Vijayanagar dynasty because their entire trade depended on Hindu support.

Important Points Battle of Raichur

• The battle was fought in Raichur between the armies of Krishnadevaraya and the Sultanate of Bijapur
• Main commander of the Vijayanagara army was Saluva Timmarusu also known as Saluva Timma.
• Portuguese accounts state that cannons were used extensively by the Bijapur Sultanate
• The Vijayanagara Empire emerged victorious despite the Bijapur Sultanate having superior firepower.

Additional Information

• Krishnadeva Raya was the emperor of the Vijayanagar Empire.
• He was the third ruler of the Tuluva Dynasty and is considered to be the greatest ruler of this dynasty.
• He controlled the largest empire in India after the decline of the Delhi Sultanate.
• He was the person to rule his Empire over 500 years ago.
• He was one of the most powerful Hindu rulers in India and had the most extensive empire in the subcontinent.
• Portuguese travellers Domingo Paes and Fernao Nuniz also visited the Vijayanagara Empire during his rule.
• Krishnadeva Raya  composed the Amuktamalyada, a work on statecraft in Telugu.
• He is known to have patronised poets and issued inscriptions in languages as varied as Sanskrit, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu.
• His Sanskrit works include ‘Madalasa Charita’, ‘Satyavadu Parinaya’, ‘Rasamanjari’ and ‘Jambavati Kalyana’.

• Indica as written by Megasthenes

Key Points

• Megasthenese wrote extensively in a book called Indica.
• The fragments of Indica, provide valuable information on Maurya Administration, social classes and economic activities.
• Megasthenes states that Indian society was divided into 7 classes.
• The famous city of Pataliputra was described in detail by Megasthenese, references of which are found in the writings of Strabo, Arian and other Greek writers.

Additional Information

• Megasthenes was an ancient Greek historian, diplomat, and Indian ethnographer who visited India sometime between circa 302 BCE and 288 BCE.
• He was an ambassador of Seleucus Nicator I, in the court of Chandragupta Maurya.

• Decomposer is the biotic component of an ecosystem

Key Points

• Decomposers are the second most important organisms after the producers.
• These decomposers also help the producers to produce their food too.
• They are the second most important organisms because they decompose all the remaining organic matter.
• They also provide nutrients that the producers use to produce food.​

 

 Important PointsBiotic components

• They are made up of organisms, living organisms, dead organisms, and the waste products of these and are classified on how they obtain energy.
• Autotrophs: these organisms feed themselves and are thus known as self-feeders.
• They prepare their food using sunlight, water, CO₂ and nutrients.
• They are also known as producers.
• Heterotrophs: these organisms can’t produce their food and thus rely on the other organisms for their energy requirements.
• They are also called consumers as they consume food from the producers

 

Abiotic components

• They are usually the non-living components of our ecosystem which are, sun, rainfall, temperature, air, and soil.
• The abiotic components are affected by many things such as altitude, location and seasons.
• The abiotic factors change from weather to weather, climate to climate, season to season and place to place

• In 1898, William Ramsay discovered neon by cooling a sample of air to a liquid state, heating the liquid and capturing gases upon boiling

Key Points

• William Ramsay is well known for his discovery of noble gas elements such as argon, neon, xenon and krypton also known as 'Aerogens'.Sir William Ramsay discovered the noble gas argon. Later, he also discovered neon, krypton and xenon.
• His work led to the formation of a new section in the periodic table, the inert gases.
• In 1904, Ramsay received the Noble Prize in Chemistry, along with his collaborator Lord Rayleigh, "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air".
• The six naturally occurring inert gases are - Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn)

Radha Reddy and Raja Reddy are famously known for Kuchipudi 

Key Points 

• Raja and Radha Reddy are Indian Kuchipudi dancing couples, gurus, and choreographers.
• They are renowned as exponents of the south Indian dance form of Kuchipudi.
• Their names are synonymous with Kuchipudi dance and are regarded solely responsible for bringing it on the cultural map of the world.
• For their services to the field of arts, the Government of India has conferred on them the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan awards.

​ 

Important Points

• Kuchipudi:
• Kuchipudi is a major classical dance form of India that originated in a village of the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh.
• Kuchipudi involves different foot movements and is generally a team performance.
• The central them of Kuchipudi is Bhagavata puran.
• The dancers of Kuchipudi came to be known as Bhagavathalus.

Additional Information

Kathakali:

• Kathakali is a classical Indian dance form which is a story play genre of art and is the folk dance form of Kerala.
• It is a 'story play' genre of art, but one distinguished by the elaborately colorful make-up, costumes, and face masks that the traditionally male actor-dancers wear.

Bharatnatyam:

• Bharatanatyam is the oldest and major classical dance form of India that originated in Tamil Nadu.
• It traces its origins back to the Natyashastra, ancient treaties on theatre written by the mythic priest Bharata.

Key Points

• Banwarilal Purohit is the Governor of Punjab.
• He has been a three-time Lok Sabha member from Nagpur.
• He has also been the Managing Editor of ‘The Hitavada’, Central India’s oldest and largest circulated English daily for the last one hundred years.
• He is an eminent educationist, a renowned social activist, an institution builder, and a nationalist thinker.

Additional Information

Bhagwant Mann is the Chief Minister of Punjab.

Nagara styles of temple architecture was developed between Himalaya to Vindhya

Key Points Nagara or North Indian Temple Style

• In North India, it is common for an entire temple to be built on a stone platform with steps leading up to it.
• It does not usually have elaborate boundary walls or gateways.
• While the earliest temples had just one tower or shikhara, later temples had several.
• The garbhagriha is always located directly under the tallest tower.
• There are many subdivisions of nagara temples depending on the shape of the shikhara.
• The second major type of architectural form in the nagara order is the phamsana, which tends to be broader and shorter than Latina ones.
• Their roofs are composed of several slabs that gently rise to a single point over the center of the building, unlike the Latina ones which look like sharply rising tall towers.
• The third main sub-type of the nagara building is generally called the valabhi type.
• These are rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber.

Additional Information Dravida Or South Indian Temple Style

• Unlike the nagara temple, the Dravida temple is enclosed within a compound wall.
• The front wall has an entrance gateway in its center, which is known as a gopuram.
• The shape of the main temple tower known as vimana in Tamil Nadu is like a stepped pyramid that rises up geometrically rather than the curving shikhara of North India.
• It is common to find a large water reservoir, or a temple tank, enclosed within the complex.
• Subsidiary shrines are either incorporated within the main temple tower or located as distinct, separate small shrines beside the main temple.
• Kanchipuram, Thanjavur or Tanjore, Madurai, and Kumbakonam are the most famous temple towns of Tamil Nadu, where, during the 8th-12th centuries, the role of the temple was not limited to religious matters alone.

• Bhai Dooj is celebrated on the fifth day of the five-day festival, Deepawali.

Key PointsBhai Dooj

• Bhai Dooj is also known as Yama Dwitiya.
• The festival of Bhai Dooj is a festival based on a brother-sister relationship, which is celebrated with great reverence and mutual love.
• According to the Hindu calendar, this festival is celebrated in the month of Kartik.

Story of Bhai Dooj - 

• On Kartik Shukla Dwitiya, Yamraj visited to her sister Yamuna.
• Being happy, she welcomed her brother and offered him food.
• Pleased with this, Yamraj asked his sister to ask for a boon.
• Then the sister said to the brother that he will come every year on this day to eat food and the sister who feeds her brother after applying tilak on this day should not be afraid of him.
• Yamraj went to Yampuri saying 'Tathastu'.

In 1915 Gandhiji returned to India at the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Key Points Gandhiji's achievements in South Africa:

• While he was travelling by train to Pretoria, Gandhi, despite carrying a first-class ticket, was thrown out of the train by the authorities because a white man complained of an Indian sharing the space with him.
• As a response, Gandhi formed the Natal Indian Congress in 1894. This organisation led non-violent protests against the oppressive treatment of the white people towards the native Africans and Indians.
• In 1896, he came to India for a short time and gathered 800 Indians to serve along with him in South Africa. They were welcomed by an irate mob and Gandhi was injured in the attack.
• During the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Gandhi gathered around 1,100 Indians and organised the Indian Ambulance Corps for the British but the ethnic discrimination and torture continued on Indians.
• English artist John Ruskin's book Unto This Last inspired Gandhi and he set up Phoenix Farm near Durban. Here, Gandhi would train his cadres on non-violent Satyagraha or peaceful restraint. Phoenix Farm is considered the birthplace of Satyagraha. However, it was at the Tolstoy Farm, Gandhi's second camp in South Africa, where Satyagraha was molded into a weapon of protest.
• In September 1906, Gandhi organised the first Satyagraha campaign to protest against the Transvaal Asiatic ordinance that was constituted against the local Indians. Again in June 1907, he held Satyagraha against the Black Act.
• In 1908, he was sentenced to jail for organising non-violent movements. But, after his meeting with General Smuts, a British Commonwealth statesman, he was released.
• In 1909, he was sentenced to a three-month jail term in Volkshurst and Pretoria. After his release, Gandhi went to England to seek the assistance of the Indian community there.
• He also fought against the nullification of non-Christian marriages in 1913.
• Finally, in 1915 Gandhiji returned to India on the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, conveyed to him by C. F. Andrews.

The term Castling is  related toChess

Key Points

• Castling involves the king and the rook swapping positions.
• The king moves two spaces from the starting position to the left or right, and the rook moves to next to it on the other side.
• This offers your king more safety.
• It is the only move in chess in which a player moves two pieces in the same move, and it is the only move aside from the knight's move where a piece can be said to jump over another.
• It was invented in Europe around the 14th century and is not present in the Asian version of the game

The correct answer is Deepika Reddy.

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Key Points

• Deepika Reddy is an acclaimed Kuchipudi dancer.
• She started her journey 50 years ago and she had her Rangapravesham in 1976.
• She has performed across the world, including at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Sri Lankan parliament, Hiroshima in Japan, and France.
• She received the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for her contribution to the Kuchipudi dance from President Ram Nath Kovind at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
• Deepika Reddy has been in the field of Kuchipudi for the past 47 years.
• She has relentlessly propagated this art form through her performances the world over and by training hundreds of students in her dance institute Deepanjali.

Additional Information Odissi

• Sujata Mohapatra is a popular Odissi dancer.
• She has mesmerized many people with her graceful moves and she was conferred with the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards for 2017.
• She is a disciple and daughter-in-law of legendary Odissi guru Kelucharan Mohapatra.
• She is known for her strict adherence to the technicalities of the dance form and genuine expressions that leave the audience spell-bound.
• The award carries with it Rs 100,000, a ‘Tamra Patra’ and an ‘angavastram’.

Bharatanatyam

• Rama Vaidyanathan is a popular Bharatanatyam dancer.
• She is one of the directors of Ganesha Natyalaya, one of the best Bharatanatyam institutes in the country.
• She has toured the country and the world, performing and showcasing her art.
• She was selected for Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for the year 2017.

Manipuri

• L.N. Oinam Ongbi Dhoni Devi is a popular Manipuri dancer.
• ​President Ram Nath Kovind confers Sangeet Natak Akademi Award 2017 on Manipuri dancer L.N. Oinam Ongbi Dhoni Devi during a special investiture ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhawan.

The correct answer is Only producers of the food chain form a trophic level.

Key Points

• There are unique interactions and relationships which are involved in the transportation of energy.
• The energy, once produced and captured, is distributed throughout the various living organisms.
• This transfer of energy is termed the food web.
• In specialized terms, Food Chain is the sequence through which the transfer of energy takes place within a particular ecosystem.
• Energy transfer is pivotal for the survival and food of living organisms.
• Trophic position refers to the successional stages in a food chain, starting with directors at the bottom, followed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
• Every position in a food chain is known as a trophic position. ***Hence, the Option 3 is Incorrect.*​

Important Points

• Both food chains and food webs, share three types of organisms in a food chain: Producers, Consumers, and decomposers.
• Producers: The producers in a food chain include all autotrophs such as phytoplankton.
• This is the first stage in a food chain.
• The producers make up the first level of a food chain.
• Consumers: Consumers are all organisms that are dependent on plants or other organisms for food.
• This is the largest part of a food web, as it contains almost all living organisms.
• It includes herbivores which are animals that eat plants, carnivores which are animals that eat other animals, parasites that live on other organisms by harming them, and lastly scavengers, which are animals that eat dead animals’ carcasses.
• Decomposers: Decomposers are organisms that get energy from dead or waste organic material.
• This is the last stage in a food chain.
• Decomposers are an integral part of a food chain, as they convert organic waste materials into inorganic materials, which enriches the soil or land with nutrients.

The correct answer is Electric energy - Kilowatt hour.

Key Points

• Electrical energy: The energy that is derived from the flow of electric charge is called electrical energy.
• The SI unit of electrical energy is Joule.
• Kilowatt-hour: It is the unit of energy and is equal to the energy consumed in the circuit at the rate of 1 kilowatt for 1 hour.
• The commercial unit of electrical energy is a kilowatt-hour (kWh).

The correct answer is Kushan Dynasty.

Key Points

• Kanishka belonged to the Kushan dynasty.
• The kushan dynasty was founded by Kujūla Kadphises.
• Kanishka ruled around the 1st century CE and was the greatest king of the Kushan dynasty.
• At the time of Kanishka, kushan rule was spread over the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan, and possibly areas of Central Asia north of the Kashmir region.

Additional Information

• He is also remembered as a great patron of Buddhism.
• He studied Buddhism under the Buddhist poet Ashvaghosha.
• The Fourth Buddhist Council was also convened under his patronage in Kashmir.
• That council compiled The Great Commentary on Abhidharma.

The correct answer is Sukarno.

Key Points

• The first Republic Day Parade was held on 26 January 1950, during which the President of Indonesia Sukarno was the chief guest.
• Between 1950 and 1954, Republic Day parades were held at Irwin Stadium (now National Stadium), Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila Maidan.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad began his first tenure as President of the Indian Union on this day.
• The President addresses the country on the eve of Republic Day.
• The republic day celebrations are majorly divided into three parts i.e. the Republic Day Parade, the Beating Retreat, and the Award Distributions.

Additional Information

• King of Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck was the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations twice in 1984 and 2005.
• King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal was the second Chief Guest of the Republic Day Parade in 1951.
• Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad was the first person from Pakistan to attend the Republic Day Parade in 1955 at Rajpath, New Delhi as the chief guest.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• According to the 2011 Census of India, Bihar has the lowest female literacy rate of 51.50%.
• The other states with the lowest female literacy rates are:
• Rajasthan (57.6%)
• Uttar Pradesh (60.6%)
• Jharkhand (62.3%)
• Andhra Pradesh (63.6%)
• Arunachal Pradesh has the highest female literacy rate of 87.4%.

Additional Information

• The 2011 Census of India was the 15th national census of India. It was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. The population enumeration phase began on 9 February 2011 and lasted for 25 days.
• The provisional results of the census were released on 31 March 2011. The final results were released on 29 September 2012.
• The main findings of the census were:
• The population of India as of 1 March 2011 was 1,210,193,422.
• The growth rate of the population in the decade 2001-2011 was 17.64%.
• The sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males) was 943.
• The literacy rate was 74.04%.
• The urban population was 377 million (31.16%).
• Uttar Pradesh was the most populous state, with a population of 199.8 million.
• Sikkim was the least populous state, with a population of 610,577.

The correct answer is Rudolf Virchow.

Key Points

• Rudolf Virchow expanded the cell theory and suggested that all the cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• The cell theory, given by Rudolf Virchow in 1855, states that:
• All living organisms are made up of cells.
• The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Additional Information

Theodore Schwann

• He was a British Zoologist who in 1839, studied different types of animal cells.
• On the basis of this, Schwann proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

• He is known as "the Father of Microbiology".
• He discovered "protozoa" - the single-celled organisms.

Robert Hooke

• He discovered cells by observing them in a cork slice in 1665.
• Under a microscope, he could only see honey- comb-like structures in a slice of cork.
• Since that was a dead tissue, he could only see the cell walls.
• He thus coined the term ‘Cell’.

The correct answer is Rudra Veena.

Key Points

• Ustad Mohi Bahauddin Dagar is the son of renowned North Indian musician Zia Mohiuddin Dagar, he plays the Rudra veena.
• He performs Dagarbani-style Rudra veena.
• Referring to Nayak Haridas Dagar of the 16th century, he represents the 20th generation of the Dagar dynasty.
• He received the highest honour for performing artists in 2012 when the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance, and Drama, presented him with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.

Additional InformationSarangi 

• A bowed stringed instrument with a resonator covered in skin is called a sarangi.
• Typically, a single block of wood is used to handcraft a sarangi.
• The seventeen sympathetic strings on this instrument are constructed of steel, while the four playing strings are made of goat gut.
• The sarangi is a common instrument in India with numerous regional variations, but it plays a significant role in the Hindustani music of North India.
• The sarangi is the only musical instrument that can accurately produce all of the nuances of vocal music, including khayal, dhrupad, khayal, thumri, tappa, ghazal, and even bhajan, with embellishments and intonations.

Sitar

• Sitar is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music.
• The instrument was made of wood. It had a thin violin-type of the bridge and it was played by a plectrum worn on the right hand. It was invented by Amir Khusrau.

Santoor 

• The Santoor is a trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer often made of walnut wood and has 72 strings, which are struck with two delicate carved wooden mallets.
• The santoor is essentially a folk instrument that originated in the Kashmir Valley, and it achieved the status of a classical instrument due to the persistent efforts and genius of Pandit Shivkumar Sharma.
• Pandit Shivkumar Sharma was an Indian famous classical musician, who attained international fame by playing the musical instrument, the santoor.
• With his hard work, determination and talent, Pandit Shivkumar Sharma made the santoor a global name.

The correct answer is Asvaghosha.

Key Points

• The Buddha Charita was the biography of Buddha.
• It was written by Ashvaghosa probably in the first century C.E.
• An epic poem on the life of Gautama Buddha, it consists of 28 cantons and was composed in the Sanskrit language.
• The legendary history of Gautama Buddha is unveiled through this classic work.

Additional InformationBanabhatta

• Banabhatta​ was a court poet of King Harshavardhana.
• He was one of the great patronages of Sanskrit Literature.
• Banabhatta was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harsha.
• He was the writer of King Harsha’s biography Harshacharitra.
• He was the writer of the world’s earliest novel Kadambari.

Vasumitra

• The details of Vasumitra successors are not known.
• Historians came up with different names such as Andhraka, Vajramitra, Ghosha, and Pulindaka, etc.
• Heliodorus, the Greek ambassador stayed at the court of King Bhagavat.
• Bhagavat was identified with Kasipurra Bhagabhadra of Vidisha pillar inscription.
• Devabhuti was the last known Sunga King. As per Bhanabhatta, he was killed by his minister, Vasudeva Kanva.

The correct answer is Naseeruddin Shah.

Key Points

• 'And Then One Day: A Memoir' is an autobiography of Naseeruddin Shah, an Indian film and stage actor.
• 'And ;Then One Day', has the actor recounting his life from childhood to the beginning of his career in Bollywood.
• The veteran actor's autobiography joins Waheeda Rehman's biography "Conversations with Waheeda" and Dilip Kumar's autobiography 'Dilip Kumar: The Substance and The Shadow'.

Additional InformationAnupam Kher 

• 'Lessons Life Taught Me Unknowingly' is an autobiography of Anupam Kher.
• Anupam Kher was the former chairperson of the Film and Television Institute of India.
• He was awarded Padma Shri in 2004 and Padma Bhushan in 2016.

Kabir Bedi 

• Veteran actor Kabir Bedi's memoir was published on April 2021.
• It is titled 'Stories I Must Tell: The Emotional Journey of an Actor'.

The correct answer is vitamin B.

Key Points

• Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
• As a supplement, it is used to treat and prevent thiamine deficiency and disorders that result from it, including beriberi, Korsakoff's syndrome, and Korsakoff's psychosis.
• Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by inadequately low amounts of Vitamin B1.
• Vitamins B is a class of water-soluble vitamins.
• Vitamin B refers to several different types of vitamins that, together, are known as the B-complex vitamins.

Additional Information

• Chemical names of other vitamins

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Palki Festival showcases the distinctive point of the Maharashtrian culture.
• This is a 1000- time-old tradition, which has been followed by the workers (people who follow the wari, an abecedarian ritual).
• People perform collaborative singing, dancing, and chanting (Dnyanba-Tukaram in what are called Dindis or organized groups of workers) to the holy city of Pandharpur in the Hindu months of Ashadh (June- July) and Karthik (November- December).
• It was in the time 1685 that Tukaram's youthful son, Narayan Baba wished to bring some change in the Dindi-Wari tradition by introducing the Palkhi, which is a sign of social respect.

Important Points

• Maharastra (As of January 2023):
• Capital- Mumbai
• Governor- Bhagat Singh Koshyari
• Chief Minister- Eknath Sinde
• District- 36
• Lok Sabha- 48 seats
• Rajya Sabha- 19 seats

The correct answer is Nikhil Srivastava.

Key Points

• The American Mathematical Society (AMS) has unanimously picked prestigious Indian- American mathematician Nikhil Srivastava for the Ciprian Foias Prize for “largely remarkable work” in Operator Theory.
• He’s now conceded as a Math Genius for working on a 1959 calculation problem (the Kadison- Singer problem).
• Let’s take a near look at mathematician Nikhil Srivastava, an Indian- born sensation, and the other two awardees of this prestigious award.

Additional Information

• Nikhil Sachdev:
• Nikhil Sachdev joined Insight in 2020 and focuses on investing in high-growth software and fintech companies.
• Nikhil helps lead early-stage and growth-stage venture investments globally.
• Satya Nadella:
• Satya Narayana Nadella is the principal administrative officer**( CEO) of Microsoft.**
• Under him, Microsoft has further pall computing profit than Google, further subscribers than Netflix, and a near-trillion-bone request capital.
• Under Nadella, Microsoft has held its spot as a major tech contender.
• Pratap Bhanu Mehta:
• Pratap Bhanu Mehta (born 1967) is an Indian academician.
• He was the president of the Centre for Policy Research, a New Delhi-based think tank, and was the Vice-Chancellor of Ashoka University from July 2017 to July 2019.

The correct answer is a door-to-door campaign.

Key Points

• Mass communication is a process in which a person, group of people or an association sends a communication through a channel of communication to a large group of anonymous and miscellaneous people and associations.
• You can suppose a large group of anonymous and miscellaneous people as either the general public or a member of the general public.
• Channels of communication include broadcast TV, radio, social media, films, and print.
• The sender of the communication is generally a professional prophet that frequently represents an association.

Important Points

• There are 5 types of Mass Communication:
• Print Media:
• ​Publish media is a common term that can source colorful forms of published communication.
• When you're looking to communicate with followership, it’s important to understand ‘ what is print media ’ and what your options are to partake in information.
• publish media is a form of journalism that involves your information being published and circulated.
• Broadcast Media:
• Broadcast media is defined as different media channels or broadcasters similar to the TV, internet, audio podcasts, videotape content, and others.
• The primary purpose of broadcasting media is to broadcast and communicate with the public.​
• Outdoor Media:
• ​Out-of-door media is any kind of advertising that directly reaches consumers specifically when they aren't at home.
• Made to snare peoples ’ attention when out and about. This form of media also goes by OOH( Out- of- Home) advertising.
• Transit Media:
• It refers to advertising placed in, on, or around modes of public transportation motorcars, galleries, and hacks, as well as machine, train, and shelter stations.
• Conveyance media can be a great way to reach a really different followership.​
• Digital Media:
• ​Any communication medium using one or further decoded machine-readable data formats is called digital media.
• On a digital electronics device, digital media may be generated, viewed, distributed, edited, heeded to, and archived.

The correct answer is 1973.

Key Points

• The preamble is an introductory and declarative statement that outlines the document's thing and underpinning gospel.
• It was decided by two important Supreme court judgments popularly known as, the Berubari Union Case( 1960) and the Kesavananda Bharati case( 1973).
• still, Preamble is the part of the Indian Constitution.
• The Preamble defines the Constitution's abecedarian association.
• In a court of law, the preamble is neither enforceable nor defendable.

Important Points

• Amendments to the Preamble:
• The Preamble was amended only formerly by the 42nd Amendment of 1976.
• The Amendment added the terms Socialist, temporal, and Integrity in the Preamble.
• Socialist: It's intended to insure profitable justice and the elimination of inequality in income and standard of life.
• Secularism implies equivalency of all persuasions and religious forbearance and doesn't identify any state religion.
• The word integrity ensures one of the major points and objects of the preamble icing the fraternity and concinnity of the state.
• Article 368 emphasizes that because the preamble is a part of the Indian constitution, it can be amended except for the introductory structure.

The correct answer is San Francisco.

Key Points

• The original name of the Ghadar Party was Pacific Coast Hindustan Association.
• The founding chairman of the Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal was the co-founder of this party.
• Headquarters of the movement were set up at Yugantar Ashram in San Francisco.

Important Points

• Gadar Party:
• The Ghadar Movement was an important occasion in India’s freedom struggle.
• A boat named Komagatamaru, filled with Indian emigrants was turned back from Canada.
• As the boat returned to India several of its passengers were killed or arrested in a clash with the British police.
• This incident made the Ghadar Party annunciate the war and inspired thousands of Indian emigrants to come back and organize a fortified rebellion against British imperialism.
• still, this movement was crushed.
• This composition deals with the important events of the Ghadar Movement.

The correct answer is Varanasi.

Key Points

• Dhamek Stupa also spelled as Dhamekh and Dhamekha are one of the famous Buddhist stupas in Sarnath near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Firstly erected in 249 BCE during the reign of king Ashoka of the Maurya Dynasty, this massive and prominent structure has gone through several expansions and additions over time.
• The significance of this sacred place is that it marks the spot where Lord Buddha sermonized the first sermon to His five votaries after attaining enlightenment in Bodh Gaya.

Additional Information

• Sravasti:
• Various Buddhist temples and monasteries have been found at Sravasti, Uttar Pradesh.
• Sravasti was the capital of the Kosala empire in ancient India, and it was here that the Buddha spent most of his time after attaining enlightenment.
• Sravasti is regarded as one of Buddhism's holiest sites.
• Kushinagar:
• Kushinagar, a district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India is famous for the Buddhist pilgrimage.
• It is considered to be one of the holiest places among the famous four pilgrimages of Buddhism.
• Lord Buddha gave his last sermon in Kushinagar.
• Gaya:
• Bodh Gaya is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Gaya District of Bihar.
• Famous for the Mahabodhi Temple, It was here under the Bodhi tree that Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment.

The correct answer is National Forest Policy.

Key Points

• The National Forest Policy 1988 focuses primarily on forest preservation, conservation, and development.
• The key themes of the National Forest Policy 1988 were the preservation and restoration of ecological equilibrium, as well as the protection of forests as national heritages containing numerous types of flora and animals.

Important Points

• National Forest Policy 1988:
• The primary thing of the 1988 National Forest Policy is to save environmental stability and the conservation of ecological balance, especially atmospheric equilibrium, which is essential for the survival of all life forms, humans, creatures, and shops.
• A series of legislation aimed at perfecting environmental quality has been legislated in India.
• The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, the Water Act of 1974, the Air Act of 1981, the Forest Conservation Act of 1980, and the Environment Protection Act of 1986 were all approved by the Indian Parliament.

Additional Information

• Biological Diversity Act:
• The Biological Diversity Act, of 2002 was passed by the congress of India to cover biodiversity and grease the sustainable operation of natural coffers with the original communities.
• The Act was legislated to meet the conditions quested by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity( CBD), to which India is a party.
• Environment (Protection) Rules:
• This act was passed under composition 253( legislation for giving effect to transnational agreements).
• It was legislated to achieve the UN conference on the mortal terrain, 1972- Stockholm protestation.
• National Environmental Tribunal Act:
• The National Environment Tribunal Act was legislated by the congress on 17th June 1995, India faces numerous environmental issues due to the growing population as the population is the major cause not only of environmental decline by causing pollution but also acts as major participation in environmental accidents.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• PT Usha- Pilavullakandi Thekkeparambil Usha to use her full name- is one of India's topmost athletes, frequently called the country's**" queen of track and field".**
• A graceful sprinter with long strides, she dominated Asian track-and-field events for the utmost of the 1980s, winning 23 orders in all, 14 of which were gold.
• She was a crowd favorite wherever she
• Long after her successful career as an athlete, PT Usha was tagged as the chairman of the Indian Olympic Association( IOA) in 2022 at the age of 58.
• She's the **first woman chairman of the IOA in its 95- time history and the first Olympian appointed as IOA chairman.**​​

Important Points

• Arjun Award:
• Arjuna Award is India's highest sporting award bestowed by the Government of India (Ministry of youth affairs and sports) to sportspersons for their outstanding performance in international as well as national events and also hold leadership qualities with good morals.
• The award was launched in 1961 and is presented by the President of India every year to sportspersons of different categories.
• The honor is named after Prince "Arjuna", the protagonist of the Indian epic "Mahabharata".

The correct answer is Wheat.

Key Points

• The rabi crops are sown around mid-November, rather than after the thunderstorm rains are over, and harvesting begins in April/ May.
• The major rabi crop in India is wheat, followed by barley, mustard, sesame, and peas.
• The Kharif crops include rice, sludge, sludge, plum millet/ bajra, cutlet millet/ ragi( cereals), arhar( beats), soybean, groundnut( oilseeds), cotton, etc.
• The rabi crops include wheat, barley, oats( cereals), chickpea/ gram( beats), linseed, mustard( oilseeds), etc.

Important Points

• Difference between Kharif and Rabi crops:
• Rabi crops are sown at the end of the thunderstorm or the morning of downtime.
• They're also known as downtime crops. Kharif crops are sown on the morning of the stormy season and are also known as thunderstorm crops.
• These crops bear a lot of water and hot rainfall to grow.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• According to the 2011 Census of India, the population density in India increased from 324 to 382 individuals per square kilometre.
• This figure is significantly higher than the average population density worldwide in 2011, which was 46 individuals per square kilometre.
• Among the states in India, the National Capital Region of Delhi had the highest population density in 2011, with 297 individuals per square kilometre.
• On the other hand, the state of Arunachal Pradesh had the lowest population density, recording just 17 individuals per square kilometre.
• Arunachal Pradesh is known for its challenging geography and sparsely distributed population, contributing to its low population density.

Additional Information

• Andhra Pradesh:
• The state of Andhra Pradesh was formed on November 1, 1956.
• Through the States Reorganization Act of 1956, the state of Hyderabad was resolved up, and its Telugu- speaking sections( constituting Telangana) joined with the Andhra state.
• Sikkim:
• Sikkim, a state in India, is located in the northeastern part of the country, in the eastern Himalayas.
• It's one of the lowest countries in India. The capital is Gangtok, in the southeastern part of the state.
• Bihar:
• Bihar is a unique state endowed with a rich history.
• It's the seat of significant mythological events and tales from Ramayana.
• It's the motherland of prominent persuasions including Buddhism and Jainism.

Key Points

• Viruses are acellular and does not have any organelles
• They are not included in the five-kingdom classification.
• It is non-living and depends on the host.
• It consists of RNA or DNA as its genetic material.
• Virus means venom or poisonous fluid.
• The virus was discovered by Dmitri Ivanowsky.
• It causes disease in plants and animals like Polio in humans and Tobacco Mosaic in plants.

Additional Information

• An animal cell is eukaryotic in nature.
• It has a true nucleus.
• Animal cells have dsDNA.
• It is present inside the nucleus.
• It consists of genes that code for particular proteins and mRNA and thus control the cell functions.
• It contains outer cell membranes and membrane-bound organelles.
• The animal cell does not have any cell wall.
• It contains membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and lysosomes.
• It consists of a nucleus and it is present inside the double membrane.
• The nucleus is centrally located.
• It has Nuclear pores that allow the diffusion of a substance through it.

Key Points

• Reigned from 335/336 CE to 375 CE.
• He was the son and successor of Chandragupta I and was the greatest ruler of the Gupta dynasty.
• He conquered the Kushans and other small kingdoms and greatly expanded the Gupta empire.
• The inscriptions engraved on the Allahabad pillar, also known as the Prayag Prahasti, is the main source of information on Samudragupta.
• He had been termed as the Napolean of India by VA Smith.
• He annexed the territories after defeating the monarchs of North India, but did not annex south India.
• His authority over Java, Sumatra and Malaya Island proves that he maintained a strong navy.
• He is said to have composed numerous poems of high merit.
• Some of his coins present him playing Veena and not Sitar.
• He also performed Ashvamedha sacrifices.
• According to Chines sources, Meghaverma, the ruler of Srilanka, sent a missionary to him for permission to build a Buddhist temple at Gaya.
• The Allahabad pillar inscription mention the title Dharma Prachar Bandhu i.e. he was the upholder of Brahmanical religion.

Important Points

• Prayag Prashasti (Pillar Inscription) was composed in Sanskrit by Harisena who was the court poet of Samudragupta.
• Prayag Pillar Inscriptions is also known as Prayagaprasasti.​
• Samudragupta (AD 335–80) was Chandragupta’s son and successor.
• This inscription also suggests that the decimal system was known in India at the beginning of the fifth century
• The inscription is engraved at Allahabad on the same pillar that carries the inscriptions of Ashoka.

 Additional Information

• Harishen was the Sanskrit poet, panegyrist, and government minister.
• He was the court poet of samudragupta.
• The poem describing the bravery of Samudragupta is inscribed on the Allahabad Pillar.
• The Pillar was an Ashokan Pillar erected by Asoka
• This Inscription is a eulogy of Samudra Gupta mentions the conquests of Samudra Gupta and the boundaries of the Gupta Empire.
• As per this inscription, Samudra Gupta defeated 9 kings in the North, 12 Kings in the South, reducing all the Atavika states to vassalage.
• Allahabad Prasasti, composed by Harishena, does not bear any date and for this reason, historians have presumed that it was composed probably before the Ashwamedha Yajna performed by Samudragupta.

Key Points

First Five Year Plan:

• The First Five Year Plan in India was active between 1951 and 1956 with the target growth rate of 2.1% of annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth.
• The plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model.
• This plan gave priority to the agricultural sector of the country.
• The First Five Year Plan was presented before the parliament by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Gulzarilal Nanda was the vice-president of the First Five Year Plan.
• Economist K N Raj is known as the architect of this plan.
• It was quasi-successful for the government.

Key Points

• Alice Malsenior Tallulah-Kate Walker is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and social activist
• In 1982, she became the first African-American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, which she was awarded for her novel 'The Color Purple'.
• Meridian, The Colour Purple, To Hell with Dying are some of her famous work
• Her work 'The Color Purple' is the representative announcement of Womanism
• Influenced by the background of the African American literature, the black women writer Alice Walker proposed a new concept Womanism, which reveals the dual oppression the black women are facing - racial discrimination and sexual discrimination.

Key Points

• On July 22, 2021, Karnataka became the first state in India to reserve jobs in public employment in favor of transgender persons.
• Karnataka state government has amended the Karnataka Civil Services (General Recruitment) Rules, 1977 to provide for 1% horizontal reservation for transgenders.
• According to the new amendment, the reservation of 1% would be available in each category of general merit, scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, and in each of the categories of among the Other Backward Classes.
• Basavaraj Bommai is the current and 23rd Chief Minister of Karnataka.
• Thaawar Chand Gehlot is the current and 19th Governor of Karnataka.

Key Points

• Convectional rainfall occurs when the energy of the sun heats the Earth, causing water to evaporate to form water vapour.
• Convectional rainfall is prevalent in equatorial regions.
• In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds.
• In the equatorial regions, the precipitation due to convectional rainfall occurs in the afternoon.

Important Points

Convectional Rainfall:

• When the land heats up, it warms the air above it.
• This causes the air to expand and rise.
• After the air rises, it cools and condenses.
• This process of condensation forms clouds high in the atmosphere resulting in rainfall.

Key Points

• Wetlands of India divided into eight categories:
• Human-made wetlands
• Lakes
• River Floodplains
• Ox-bow Lakes
• Marshes
• Estuaries
• Swamps
• Deltas

Important Points

• A wetland is a specific ecosystem that is filled with water, either permanently (for years or decades) or seasonally (for weeks or months).
• The convention is named after Ramsar in Iran in which the convention was ratified in 1971.
• India became a party to the ‘Convention on Wetlands, also known as the Ramsar Convention on 1st February 1982.

Key Points

• The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of the stagnant or stationary phase of growth of India’s population because growth rate was very low, even recording a negative growth rate during 1911-1921.

Important Points

• The growth rate of the population in India over the last century has been caused by the annual birth rate and death rate and rate of migration and thereby show different trends.
• There are four distinct phases of growth identified within this period:
• Phase I: The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of the stagnant or stationary phase of growth of India’s population, since in this period growth rate was very low, even recording a negative growth rate during 1911-1921.
• Phase II: The decades 1921-1951 are referred to as the period of steady population growth. An overall improvement in health and sanitation throughout the country brought down the mortality rate. At the same time, better transport and communication systems improved distribution systems.
• Phase III: The decades 1951-1981 are referred to as the period of population explosion in India, which was caused by a rapid fall in the mortality rate but a high fertility rate of population in the country. The average annual growth rate was as high as 2.2 percent. .
• Phase IV: In the post-1981 till present, the growth rate of the country’s population though remained high, has started slowing down gradually.

​ 

Additional Information

• Growth of Population:
• Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular area between two points of time.
• Its rate is expressed in percentage.
• Population growth has two components namely; natural and induced.
• While the natural growth is analyzed by assessing the crude birth and death rates, the induced components are explained by the volume of inward and outward movement of people in any given area.

Key Points

1. Coromandel Coast  receive more rainfall in the retreating monsoon season than the normal rainy season.
2. The retreating monsoon occurs when the winds become weaker and start to retreat back from the skies of North India to the Bay of Bengal.
3. As a result, the skies become clearer and clouds disappear.
4. The weather becomes extremely hot and humid because of which cyclones start emerging in the Bay of Bengal because of which the coast along the Bay of Bengal receives heavy rainfall.
5. It takes three months starting in mid-November and till January.

Additional Information

1. November to January is also the period of tropical cyclones.
2. This period is also referred to as northeast monsoon or winter monsoon as the northeastern states also receive rainfall during this time.

The correct answer is Buddhist.

Key Points

• Ullambana is a festival primarily celebrated by the Buddhists following the Mahayana tradition.
• Still, a number of Theravada Buddhists( Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand), too, celebrate this jubilee which lasts for around half a month- from the first to the fifteenth of the eighth month of the lunar timetable.
• This coincides with the month of July in the Gregorian timetable.

Important Points

• The first day of the festival is considered the one when the Gates of Hell open and the ghosts are permitted to visit the earth for the next fifteen days.
• The fifteenth day is Ancestors Day and has the families visiting cemeteries to pay respect to their ancestors.
• People also make food offerings to the wandering spirit during this festival.

Additional Information

• Jain:
• Jainism is one of the three most ancient persuasions of India, with roots that go back to at least the mid-first century B.C.E.
• Today, it's still an integral part of Indian culture.
• Jainism teaches that the path to enlightenment is through pacifism and reducing detriment to living effects( including shops and creatures) as much as possible.
• Parsi:
• The Parsis, also known as the Parsees, constitute a subsection of the larger Zoroastrian community who migrated to India from Persia in the 7th century AD during the Arab invasion of their homeland.
• Sindhi:
• Sindhis are an Indo- Aryan ethnical group who speak the Sindhi language and are native to the province of Sindh in Pakistan.
• After the partition of the British Indian conglomerate in 1947, numerous Sindhi Hindus and Sindhi Sikhs migrated to the recently independent Dominion of India and other corridors of the world.

The correct answer is 1899.

Key Points

• The All England Open Badminton Championships, or simply All England, is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious badminton tournaments.
• Played annually, it developed after the success of the world's first badminton tournament held in Guildford in 1898.
• The tournament was successfully organized on April 4, 1899, however, only three categories (Men's Doubles, Women's Doubles, and Mixed Doubles) were originally staged.
• Both Men's and Women's Singles were added the following year.

Important Points

• The first three events were named**" The Open English Championship".**
• It was ultimately considered( especially after the first Thomas Cup series in 1949) the unofficial world crown of the sport until 1977 when the International Badminton Federation launched its sanctioned crowns.
• The events were halted doubly during World War I from 1915 to 1919 and World War II from 1940 to 1946.

Key Points

• Pandit Nehru said “Planning is a continuous movement towards desired goals” in third five year plan which was incorporated during 1961 -1966 amidst two wars and a draught.
• This plan is also called Gadgil Yojna, named after the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission, D.R. Gadgil
• The wars were fought between India and China in 1962 and between India and Pakistan in 1965.
• India was hit by drought in 1965 and 1966 across different parts of the country
• The third five-year plan had set a target of a 5.6 percent growth rate but it could only achieve a 2.5 percent growth.
• The lower growth rate during that period can be attributed to these natural and man-made calamities.
• The main target of this plan was to make the economy independent. The stress was laid on agriculture and the improvement in the production of wheat.
• However, after the wars, India recognized the need to focus on the development of its defense sector.
• After this combination of events, India had to face Inflation, which is a common term used for the rise in prices of items of common use.

Important Points

• Planning commission founded: 1950.
• Planning Commission head: Prime Minister
• First five-year plan launched: 1951
• A total number of 5 year plans: 12.
• Last five-year plan: 2012 to 2017 (Under PM Manmohan Singh).
• Planning Commission dissolved: 2014 (By PM Narendra Modi).

Key Points

• Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu used to play Violin.
• He was probably the first to show that the violin can be used to play Carnatic music as well as other traditional instruments like Veena.
• He is not just another great musician and violinist of the 20th century, but perhaps the one primarily responsible for solo violin performances.
• Naidu used to play the compositions of famous German musicians like Mendelssohn and Johann Sebastian Bach.

​ 

Additional Information

Indian Music Instruments and Players:

• Violin : V.G. Jog, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T.N. Krishnan, Yehudi Mennuhin, M. S. Gopalakrishnan, Kunnukkudi Vaidyanathan, Kalyana Krishna Bhagavatar, L. Subramaniam, Chandayya, Kantha Devi, Gajannan Rao Joshi (Hindustani), Zubin Mehta (Western).
• Mridangam: Palakkad Mani Iyer, T.R. Murthy, Guruvayoor Doraiswami, Karaikudi R.Mani, Umayalpuram Shivaraman, Velloor A. Ramabhadran, Mavelikara Krishnan Kutty Nair.
• Sitar: Ravi Shankar, Mushtaq Ali Khan, Vilayat Khan, Uma Shankar Mishra, Nikhil Banerjee, Raiz Khan, Harashankar Bhattacharya, Budhaditya Mukherjee, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan
• Sarod : Amjad Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Rajiv Taranath
• Santoor: Shiv Kumar Sharma, Tarun Bhattacharya, Bhajan Sopperi.
• Flute: N.Ramani, Hariprasad Chaurasia, T.R. Mahalingam, Pannalal Ghosh, T. S. Shankaran, Sikkil Sisters
• Mandolin: U. Srinivas, S. Balamurali Krishna.
• Piano : Surojeet Chatterji, Kaikhosh Shapurji, Sorabjee.
• Shehnai: Bismillah Khan, Bagheshwari Gamar, Bade Gulam Ali.
• Tabla: Alla Rakha, Zakir Hussian, Shankar Ghosh, Abad Mistry, Rimba Shiva, Santha Prasad, Sheikh Dawood, Sharafat Ahmed Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Ahmed, Tirkuva, Pt.