SSC Steno 2022 Official Paper (Held On: 17 Nov 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

In the following figure, we need to observe the 4 different kinds of patterns, which are running through each figure.​

• Pattern of circle 

: In the consecutive boxes the circle is transferred to the consecutive corner in a clockwise manner, Thus, in the following box the circle will be in the upper left corner.

​         

• Pattern of arrow 

: In each consecutive box, the direction of the arrow changes in an anticlockwise manner. Thus, in the following box, the arrow will face downwards.

​           

 

• Pattern of star 

: In each consecutive box, the star is moving diagonally upwards and then coming back to its origin diagonally. Thus, in the following box the star will be placed at the lower left corner.

​                

• Pattern of color: In consecutive boxes, one box has black colored star, whereas in the next box the arrow and circle are black colored. Thus, in the following box the star will be black colored, and the arrow and circle will not be colored.

​              

• Thus, the following box will contain the pattern made in Option 4.

  Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (1^st number)² + [1^st number × (1^st number - 2)] = 2^nd number.

Now,

For, 7 : 84

→ (7)2 + [7 × (7 - 2)]

→ 49 + [7 × 5]

→ 49 + 35 = 84.

For, 9 : 144 

→ (9)2 + [9 × (9 - 2)]

→ 81 + [9 × 7]

→ 81 + 63 = 144.

Similarly, for 5 : ?

→ (5)2 + [5 × (5 - 2)]

→ 25 + [5 × 3]

→ 25 + 15 = 40.

Hence, the correct answer is "40".

The logic followed here is: 

• Option 1: 

• Option 2: 

• Option 3: 

• Option 4: 

So, The 'RUP' is the odd one out.

​​Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

The pattern is: (Number × half the number) + 4 = Next term.

 

So, the missing term in the series is: "22".

Hence, the correct answer is: "Option (3)".

The logic followed here is: 

 

Hence,** the correct answer is** "276".

The logic followed here is:

Fur is a thick hair that covers the skin of Animals - So Fur comes into the Animal part.

Whereas, Wood is the different from Fur and Animal.

So, the Venn diagram which represents the relationship between Fur, animal, and wood is:

So, the correct option is "option (4)".

Alphabet Table:

​

The logic followed here is:

'TANYA' is coded as 'BUBZO'.

'RAHUL' is coded as 'BSMVI'.

SImilarly, for 'MOHIT'

So, 'MOHIT' will coded as 'PNUJI'.

Hence, the correct answer is "*PNUJI".*​

Given Statement:  X < U = F > R ≥ P < T < W 

According to the given information:

X is less than U, U equal to F, and F is greater than R. And R is greater equal to P, P is less than T and T is less than W.

Conclusions

I:  $X<T$ → False (X < U = F > R ≥ P < T; A definite relation cannot be established between X and T)

II:​ $R>W$  → False(R ≥ P < T < W  ; A definite relation cannot be established between R and W)

Hence the correct answer is "Neither conclusion I nor II is true".

The logic followed here is:

​

Hence, '104' is the correct answer.

Decoding the information,

Given:

7 ÷ 20 – 5 × 20 + 2 

After interchanging the signs it will be

7 + 20 × 5 ÷ 20 - 2 

= 7 + 20 × .25 - 2

= 7 + 5 - 2

= 12 - 2

= 10

Hence the correct answer is "10".

The logic followed here is: 

  

So, 638 is the missing term.

Hence, the correct answer is: Option (4).

The logic followed here is: Letter is coded as their place value.

• 'COUNTRY' is written as ‘3-15-21-14-20-18-25'

• ‘PEOPLE’ is written as 16-5-15-16-12-5'

• Similarly, for 'HIGHWAY':

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is: 

Logic: (1^st number)² × 2 + 2  = 2^nd number.

Now,

6 : 74

→ 6² × 2 + 2

→ 36 × 2 + 2 = 74.

5 : 52

→ 52 × 2 + 2

→ 25 × 2 + 2 = 52.

Similarly, 9 : ?

→ 92 × 2 + 2

→ 81 × 2 + 2 = 164.

So, the missing term is "164".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Alternate Method 

So, the missing term is "164".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The correct order of the words as they would appear in the English dictionary will be:

2. Salad
3. Salami
4. Salty 
5. Sandwich
6. Saturn

So, The correct order is '2, 3, 5, 1, 4'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation: 88 * 44 * 22 * 66 * 99 * 251

Let's check each option:

1.Option 1: +, ÷, –, ×, =

After replacing the symbols and Using BODMAS rule,:

88 + 44 ÷ 22 – 66 × 99 = 251

= 88 + 2 – 66 × 99

= 88 + 2 – 6534

= 90 – 6534

= – 6444 ≠ 251.

2.Option 2: ÷, +, −, ×, = 

After replacing the symbols and Using BODMAS rule,:

​88 ÷ 44 + 22 – 66 × 99 = 251

= 2 + 22 – 66 × 99

= 2 + 22 – 6534

= 24 – 6534

=  – 6510 ≠ 251.

3.Option 3: +, +, −, ×, =

After replacing the symbols and Using BODMAS rule,:

​88 + 44 + 22 – 66 × 99 = 251

= 88 + 44 + 22 – 6534

= 154 – 6534 

=  – 6380 ≠ 251.

4.Option 4: −, ÷, +, +, =

After replacing the symbols and Using BODMAS rule,:

​88 – 44 ÷ 22 + 66 + 99 = 251

= 88 – 2 + 66 + 99

= 253 – 2 

= 251 = 251.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Family chart:

Given:‘A & B’ means ‘A is the sister of B’.

‘A – B’ means ‘A is the mother of B’.

‘A × B’ means ‘A is the husband of B’.

‘A @ B’ means ‘A is the son of B’.

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree

 

Now, checking the options to find, ‘L is the father of O’.

Option 1: L & M × N @ O

L & M means L is the sister of M.

M × N means M the husband of N.

N @ O means N is the son of O.

So option (1) is not true. Because N cannot be male and female at the same time.

Option 2: L × M – N & O 

Here L × M  means L is the husband of M.

M - N means M is the mother of N. So it can be said that L is the father of N.

Now N & O means N is the sister of O . So the father of O is also L.

Here, ‘L is the father of O’.

Optionc 3: says L × M – N × O

L × M says that L is the husband of M.

M - N says M is the mother of N.

N × O-says N is the husband of O.

So, L is father in law of O.

Option 4: L @ M – N & O 

L @ M says that L is the son of M.

M-N says that M is the mother of N.

N & O says that N is the sister of O.

So, L is brother of O.

So option (2) L × M – N & O represents ‘L is the father of O’.

Hence, the correct answer is: Option (2).

The triangles are:

 

 

So, There are 19 triangles present in the given figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "19".

The pattern that follows here is:

  

• Here, the smaller figure completes the given figure as it completes the formation of an oval and trapezium inside the figure.
• Also, there are four diagonal lines inside the figure which needs to be completed.
• Thus, figure in Option 2 completes the given figure.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

So, 'CDFI' is the missing term.

Hence, the correct answer is: Option (2).

The given equation is 

42 ÷ 7 − 64 + 11 × 6 = 4

Now, interchanging the symbols then equation will be:

 

Option 1: ÷ and −

42 - 7 ÷ 64 + 11 × 6

= 42 - 0.1 + 11 × 6

= 42 - 0.1 + 66

= 108 - 0.1

= 107.9 ≠ 4

Option 2: × and +

42 ÷ 7 − 64 × 11 + 6

= 6 - 64 × 11 + 6

= 6 - 704 + 6

= 12 - 704

= -692 ≠ 4

Option 3: × and −

42 ÷ 7 × 64 + 11 - 6

= 6 × 64 + 11 - 6

= 384 + 11 - 6

= 395 - 6

= 389 ≠ 4

 

Option 4: + and -

42 ÷ 7 + 64 - 11 × 6

= 6 + 64 - 11 × 6

= 6 + 64 - 66

= 70 - 66

= 4 = 4.

 

Hence the equation will be corrected after interchanging  "+ and −".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

• Some kaleidoscopes are telescopes.- True (Because Some telescopes are kaleidoscopes)
• Some microscopes are kaleidoscopes - False (There is no direct relation given between microscopes and kaleidoscope)
• Some microscopes are telescopes - True (because Some telescopes are microscopes**)**

 

So, Only conclusions I and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: Nine persons – Ajay, Rahul, Beena, Ajit, Komal, Pawan, Ankit, Aditya and Kaushal are sitting in a straight line.

1) Rahul is sitting at fourth to the right of Beena.

         

 

2) Komal is second to the left of Aditya and fourth to the right of Ajay.

           

3) Ajay is sitting at the fifth position to the left of Ajit. 

           

4) Ajay is not an immediate neighbor of Beena. 

5) Pawan is not an immediate neighbor of Rahul.

6. On the extreme right end, the person sitting is Aditya.

Combining the above tables and keeping in mind the above mentioned 3 points, we obtain their pattern of sitting:

          

• Thus, only two spaces are left that are immediate neighbors to Rahul. After fulfilling all the points given in the questions above, only Kaushal and Ankit are left.
• The final sitting arrangement of these nine people is:

So, the immediate neighbors of Rahul are Kaushal and Ankit.

Hence, the correct answer is: "Option (2)".​

The logic followed here is:

The fourth alphabet of the second letter-cluster is 4 letters ahead of the first letter of the first letter-cluster.

The third alphabet of the second letter-cluster is 3 letters ahead of the second letter of the first letter-cluster.

The second alphabet of the second letter-cluster is 2 letters ahead of the third letter of the first letter-cluster.

The first alphabet of the second letter-cluster is 1 letter ahead of the fourth letter of the first letter-cluster.

Now,

For PAVE : FXDT,

For AXLE : FNAE,

Similarly, for BREW:

So, BREW is related to XGUF.

The obtained pattern is PAVE : FXDT :: AXLE : FNAE :: BREW : XGUF.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

Some metals can float → False (As all metals are shiny and no shiny thing can float, which means that no metal can float).

No brick can float → False (No direct relation given between brick and float, so it can be possible, not definite).

Some bricks are shiny → True (Some bricks are metals and all metals are shiny, so those part of brick that is metals, will also shiny)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is:

  

Conclusions: 

• All tasks can never be duty → True (As some tasks are jobs, and no job is a duty, which concludes to 'Some tasks can never be duties'.)
• Some tasks are duties → False **(**As there is no direct relation given between tasks and duties some task are duties can be possible but not definite.)​

Therefore, no conclusion is correct. 

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

Given:

Prince drives 8 km towards east from point A.

He takes a right turn and drives 3 km.

Again, he takes a right turn and drives 5 km.

He takes a right turn and drives 8 km.

Finally, he takes a left turn and drives 3 km to reach point B.

The least possible diagram is:

​

Now, if Prince has to reach Point 'A' again, he needs to drive 5km towards south.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is: 1^st Number × -9 = 2^nd number

Given: 17 : -153 :: -13 : ? :: -21 : 189

 

​Hence, the correct answer is "117".

The pattern followed here is:

​                           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Each consecutive first letter is 8 letters ahead of the previous cluster's first letter.

Each consecutive last letter is 7 letters ahead of the previous cluster's last letter.

Third letter of the second cluster is 4 letters ahead of the previous cluster's second letter, and this number is decreasing consecutively. 

Second letter of the second cluster is 3 letters ahead of the previous cluster's third letter, and this number is consecutively increasing. 

Therefore, the missing cluster in the series is HRDI.

The complete series which is observed is RJXU, ZANB, HRDI, PITP, XZJW.

Hence, the correct answer is "HRDI".

Given: 

Town B is to the east of Town A.

Town C is to the north of Town B.

Town D is to the east of Town C.

Town E is to the south of Town D.

Here, we can clearly see that Town E is in East with respect to Town A.

Hence, the correct answer is "East".

The logic followed here is:

Given: OUT 2 : WWP 4 :: AXE 5 : HZB 25 :: ART 7 : ?

 

 

   

The pattern of number is:

  

The complete pattern is: OUT 2 : WWP 4 :: AXE 5 : HZB 25 :: ART 7 : WTB 49.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The sitting arrangement here is:

1. A is sitting to the immediate left of B and right of H.

 

2) H is sitting between A and G.

3) F is sitting to the immediate left of G and right of E.

4) D is sitting between E and C.

5. C is sitting to the immediate right of B.

The people are sitting facing outwards (i.e. towards the opposite direction of the table), unlike the normal sitting position. 

Thus, the person sitting between C and E is D**.**

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

According to given information, we have the possible arrangements as follows:

1). A is taller than C but shorter than B.

B > A > C

2). C is taller than F but shorter than A.

A > C > F

3). B is taller than A but shorter than 2 persons. 

2 people > B > A

4). D is taller than B.

D > B

5). E is not the tallest and G is the shortest. 

After combining all the arrangements, we get: D > E > B > A > C > F > G

Here, there are total 4 people that are taller than C, that are D, E, B and A.

Hence, "4" is the correct answer.

The formula for calculating the day of the week is:

  (Year Code + Month Code + Century Code + Date Number - Leap Year Code) mod 7

 'Mod' means to divide a number and keep only the remainder.

 For 24 August 1923:

• Year Code - $(YY+ (YY \div 4)) \text{ mod } 7 = (23+(23\div4(\text{discard the remainder})) / 7 = (23 + 5) / 7 = 28 / 7 = 0$ .
• Month Code - 2
• Century Code - 0
• Date number - 24
• Leap year code - 0

​  Putting in the formula, we get: (0 + 2 + 0 + 24 - 0) mod 7 = 26 mod 7 = 5 

 Match the number obtained from the given table and find out the day: 

    

 

 Hence, the correct answer is: It was Friday on 24 August 1923.

Additional Information

• The Year code is found out by using the formula: (YY+ (YY ÷ 4)) mod 7, where YY is the last 2 digit of the year.
• The Month code is found out by using the following table:

• The Century code is found out by using the Gregorian Calendar: 

 

• If it is a leap year, the leap year code is 1 if the month is January or February.
• If it is a leap year, the leap year code is 0 if the month is not January or February.
• For all ordinary years, the leap year code is 0.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (2^nd number + 3^rd number) x 4 = 1^st number.

Now,

(56, 5, 9)

→ (5 + 9) x 4

→ 14 x 4 = 56.

(80, 8, 12)

→ (8 + 12) x 4

→ 20 x 4 = 80.

Similarly,

Option 4) (100, 11, 14)

→ (11 + 14) x 4

→ 25 x 4 = 100.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Alternate Method

The logic followed here is: 1^st number ÷ 4 = 2^nd + 3^rd number.

   

   

  

 

Let us check all the options:

Option 1: $(172,8,15)$. $172:\div:4= 43\neq8+15 :$.

Option 2: $(151,4,13)$. $151:\div:4= 37.75\neq4+13 :$.

Option 3: $(143,12,18)$. $143:\div:12= 11.9\neq12+18 :$.

Option 4: $(100,11,14)$. $100:\div:4= 25=11+14:$ .

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Given that :

From the diagram we can conclude, the total girls having MBA degree are 29 + 18 = 47.

Hence, the correct answer is "47".

The logic followed here is: Sum of 1^st + 2^nd = 3^rd number.

For, (51, 34, 85)

  

For, (67, 42, 109)

  

Similarly, for (73, 38, 111)

So, The set in which the numbers are related in the same way as the numbers of the following set is (73,38,111).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Mistake Points

• Do not break down the numbers into consecutive digits.

Given series: U _ U M _ P _ U J _ M M P P _J U _ M P _

 By checking options and substituting accordingly.

Option 1): M M U U J P P → U M U M M P U / U J U M M P P / J J U P M P P

Option 2): J M P U U M P → U J U M M P P / U J U M M P P / U J U M M P P

Option 3): M J P U M U P → U M U M J P P / U J U M M P P / M J U U M P P

Option 4): J M M P U U P → U J U M M P M / U J P M M P P / U J U U M P P

Here, Option 2 forms a pattern 'U J U M M P P'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is: (1^st number)² + 1^st number = 2^nd number

Given: 11 : 132 :: ? : 342 :: 22 : 506

So, the missing term is "18".

Hence, the correct answer is "18".

Alphabet table:

The pattern followed is:

For, 'MERCHANT’ is written as 'NFSCHCPV'

  

For, 'INTERIOR' is written as 'JOUERKQT'

  

  

Similarly, for 'JUNCTION'

 

So, 'JUNCTION' will be written as 'KVOCTKQP'. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is: 

ADBG → 

CFDI → 

TWUZ → 

ILJQ → 

• Here, the second number is 3 alphabets ahead of the first number.
• The third number is 2 alphabet behind of the second number, and
• The fourth number is 5 alphabets ahead of the third number, unlike the last letter-cluster.

 

So, 'ILJQ' does not followed the pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is: 

 1. The pattern of star 

: The star is simply moving forward to the next consecutive corner.

            

 2. The pattern of diamond 

 : The diamond is moving to consecutive next corner as well as it is rotating in the clockwise direction. 

                 

 3. The pattern of arrow 

: The arrow is fixed in the middle but is rotating in clockwise direction.

               

 4. The pattern of color: The arrow is white colored in each box, the diamond is black colored in each box, but the star is black colored in one and white in the next.

              

  Hence, the correct answer is: The figure that will replace question mark '?' in the given series is Option 4.

BODMAS Table:

Given equation: (9 A 9 C 55 D 5) B ? = 10 B 3 A 5

 

Replace the symbols with the letters:

We get: (9 + 9 - 55 ÷ 5) × ? = 10 × 3 + 5

⇒ (9 + 9 - 11) × ? = 30 + 5

⇒ 18 - 11  × ? = 30 + 5

⇒ 7  × ? = 35

⇒  ? = 35 ÷ 7 = 5.

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

The figure that complete the given pattern is:

• Here this smaller figure completes the given figure, as there is a formation of 2 rectangles and a diamond inside the figure, which gets complete.

Hence, the correct answer is: "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

So, '508' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "508".

The pattern followed is:

‘GARDEN’ is written as ‘FYOEGQ’

  

‘GOLDEN’ is written as ‘FMIEGQ’

     

Similarly, for ‘ISLAND’:

  Hence, the correct answer is "HQIBPG".

The logic followed here is: 

 

• Here, we arranged the given vehicles in the increasing order of their average weight and thus formed a meaningful order.
• We can observe cycle is the lightest of them all whereas the train is the heaviest.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The complete pattern will be:

• The smaller figure completes the given figure as the lower half is the inverted image of the upper half of the square.
• We observed the directions of arrows and then chose the correct figure.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The following equation will be solved using the BODMAS rule.

  

  Let us check all the options:

  1. Option 1) 11 and 12, the equation becomes 108 ÷ 3 - 126 ÷ (5 × 3 + 11) + 4 = 12.

  On solving the equation, we get: 36 - 126 ÷ 26 + 4 = 36 - 4.85 + 4 = 31.15 + 4 = 35.15

  As, 35.15 is not equal to 12. So, this option is incorrect.

  2. Option 2) 12 and 3, the equation becomes 108 ÷ 12 - 126 ÷ (5 × 12 + 3) + 4 = 11.

  On solving the equation, we get: 108 ÷ 12 - 126 ÷ 63 + 4 = 9 - 2 + 4 = 7 + 4 = 11

  As 11 = 11, option 2 is correct.

  3. Option 3) 12 and 4, the equation becomes 108 ÷ 3 - 126 ÷ (5 × 3 + 4) + 12 = 11. 

  On solving the equation, we get: 36 - 126 ÷ 19 + 12 = 36 - 6.63 + 12 = 41.37

  As, 41.37 is not equal to 11, thus this option is incorrect.

  4. Option​ 4) 126 and 108, the equation becomes 126 ÷ 3 - 108 ÷ (5 × 3 + 12) + 4 = 11. 

  On solving the equation, we get: 42 - 108 ÷ 27 + 4 = 42 - 4 + 4 = 42

  As, 42 is not equal to 11, thus this option is incorrect.

  Hence, the correct answer is: "Option (2)".

​ ​

Mistake Points

• Remember tointerchange both the "3's" with 12**.**
• Many people might just interchange one '3' and forget about the other, but this could change the entire answer and your answer will get wrong.

Family Chart:

Given: Looking at a family photo, F pointed to A and said, “She is my sister G’s father D’s sister E’s father B’s wife”.

So, B is the 'Father’s father' of F.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Using BODMAS rule, let's check each option:

  

 1. Option 1: 2 and 8 , The equation becomes: (240 ÷ 8 + 5) × 2 + 15 × 2 = 100 

      35 × 2 + 30 = 70 + 30 = 100. 

      As L.H.S = R.H.S, thus this option is correct.

 2. Option 2: 100 and 240,  The equation becomes: (100 ÷ 2 + 5) × 8 + 15 × 8 = 240 

      55 × 8 + 120 = 440 + 120 = 560. 

      As L.H.S is not equal to R.H.S, thus this option is incorrect.

 3. Option 3: 5 and 8, The equation becomes: (240 ÷ 2 + 8) × 5 + 15 × 5 = 100 

      128 × 5 + 75 = 640 + 75 = 715. 

      As L.H.S is not equal to R.H.S, thus this option is incorrect.

 4. Option 4: 15 and 5, The equation becomes: (240 ÷ 2 + 15) × 8 + 5 × 8 = 240 

      135 × 8 + 40 = 1080 + 40 = 1120. 

      As L.H.S is not equal to R.H.S, thus this option is also incorrect.  

 Hence, the correct answer is: Option (1).

The correct answer is Pushyamitra.

Key Points 

• The Sunga Dynasty was established by the Pushyamitra Sunga by overthrowing Maurya dynasty in 185 BCE.
• Pushyamitra Sunga ruled for about 36 years from 185 BCE to 149 BCE.
• There were 10 rulers in the Sunga dynasty who in total rulers for 112 years.
• Patiliputra is the capital city of the Sunga Dynasty.

Additional Information

• Important rulers of the Sunga Dynasty

Important Points

• Important Dynasty and their founders

The correct answer is Harbhajan Singh.

Key Points

• Harbhajan Singh
• The Indian International cricketer, Harbhajan Singh announced his retirement from all kinds of competitive cricket in December 2021.
• Also known as Bhajji and Turbanator, his main role in the team was as a right-arm spin bowler.
• He made his Test and One Day International (ODI) debuts in early 1998.
• He participated in the victory of the Indian cricket team in the ICC T20 World Cup of 2007 and ODI World Cup of 2011.
• He was also a part of Mumbai Indians, Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders teams in different seasons of the Indian Premier League (IPL).
• He took 417 wickets in 103 Test matches and 269 wickets in 236 ODIs.
• In 2008, he was involved in a Monkeygate Scandal Controversy against Australian cricketer Andrew Symonds.
• Former Bollywood actress Geeta Basra is his wife.
• He was conferred Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour, in 2009.
• He is also a Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha on the ticket of the Aam Aadmi Party from the state of Punjab.

Additional Information

• Suresh Raina
• ​He is a former Indian International cricketer whose main role in the team was that of a left-arm batsman.
• He debuted for India in 2005 and retired in September 2022.
• He is the first Indian batsman to score centuries in all three formats of International Cricket.
• He scored 5,615 runs in 226 ODI matches.
• He also captained Gujarat Lions and vice-captained Chennai Super Kings in the IPL.
• Ishant Sharma
• ​He is a fast bowler in the Indian Cricket Team.
• He debuted for India in 2007.
• He has taken 115 wickets in 80 ODI matches and 311 wickets in 105 Test matches.
• He was awarded the Arjuna award in 2020 for his outstanding achievement in International cricket.
• He is married to the Indian basketball player Pratima Singh.
• Mahendra Singh Dhoni
• ​M S Dhoni is an Indian cricketer who played for the Indian National Cricket team from 2004 to 2019.
• He captained the Indian team from 2007 to 2017 in ODIs and from 2008 to 2014 in Test.
• He is considered one of the best and most successful Indian cricket captains by many.
• He is the only captain in the world to win all three ICC Trophies of the T20 International World Cup, ODI World Cup and Champions Trophy.
• Other than being a captain, his role in the team was that of a right-hand batsman and wicketkeeper.
• As a batsman, he has scored 10,773 runs in 350 ODIs and 4,876 runs in 90 Tests.
• Dhoni has the record for most stumping (123) by any wicketkeeper in ODIs.
• He is also the captain of Chennai Super Kings in IPL and under his captaincy, he led his team to win 5 IPL finals.
• He received India's highest sports honour, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna award in 2008, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018.

The correct answer is Surya Sen.

Key Points

• Surya Sen
• ​Surya Sen was a revolutionary freedom fighter who was associated with the Chittagong Armoury Raid of 1930.
• He was born on 22 March 1894 in Chittagong in present-day Bangladesh.
• He was popularly known as Masterda Surya Sen.
• He joined a revolutionary organisation named Anushilan Samiti in Bengal and also participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• He had also worked as a Maths teacher in the national school in Chittagong.
• He led the famous Chittagong armoury raid on 18 April 1930 with his associates-Anant Singh, Ganesh Ghosh and Lokenath Baul.
• He was arrested in February 1933 and hanged in January 1934.

Important Points

• Chittagong Armoury Raid
• ​Chittagong Armoury Raid was an attempt to capture two main armouries in Chittagong on 18 April 1930. The raid involved 65 activists under the banner of the Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch.
• Surya Sen devised this plan and implemented it with the help of his associates and other revolutionaries.
• They successfully captured the armouries but failed to locate the ammunition.
• They destroyed the telephone and telegraph lines and dislocated the railway link of Chittagong with the rest of Bengal.
• They also tried to take the members of the European Club as hostages.
• The raid was quite successful and after the raid, the revolutionaries took shelter in the Jalalabad hills.
• After a few days, the police traced the revolutionaries there and then over 80 troops and 12 revolutionaries were killed in the ensuing gunfight in the Battle of Jalalabad Hills.

The correct answer is Fungus.

Key Points 

• Puccinia:-
• It is a black stem rust of wheat and other cereals and grasses.
• The scientific name is Puccinia Graminis.
• It is capable of producing infectious urediniospores as long as infected leaf tissue remains alive.
• Urediniospores can be wind-disseminated infect host plants hundreds of kilometers from their source plants.
• Fungus:-
• There are about 144,00 known species of organisms of the kingdom fungi including yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildew, molds, and mushrooms.
• Fungi are among the most widely distributed organisms on earth and are of great environmental and medical importance.
• Fungi are eukaryotic organisms which means their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and clearly defined nuclei.
• Together with bacteria, fungi are responsible for breaking down organic matter and releasing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil and the atmosphere.

Additional Information

• Plant:-
• Plant is any multicellular eukaryotic life-form characterized by photosynthetic nutrition.
• It plays a vital role in the maintenance of life on earth.
• All energy used by living organisms depends on the complex process of photosynthesis which is mostly carried out by green plants.
• Algae:-
• Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic, and largely aquatic(both freshwater and marine ) organisms.
• They occur in a variety of other habitats: moist stones, soils, and wood.
• Animal:-
• It is a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
• They are thought to have evolved independently from the unicellular eukaryotes.
• Animals dominate human conceptions of life on Earth not simply by their size, abundance, and sheer diversity but also by their mobility, a trait that humans share.

The correct answer is 1956 Melbourne.

Key Points

• Olympic Games:-
• The Olympic Games are the world's only truly global, multi-sport, celebratory athletics competition.
• More than 200 countries participate in more than 400 events across the Summer and Winter Games.
• The first Olympics took place in Athens in the year 1896.
• Upcoming Olympics games are about to take place in Paris in 2024.
• 1956 Olympics Melbourne:-
• ​The game took place in the Melbourne city of Australia.
• Soviet Unionstood first getting 98 medals, second being United State of America with 74 medals and third place by Australia with 35 medals.
• India won a single gold medal in Hockey in 1956 summer olympics.
• Indian Football Team:-
• India played football in the Olympics for the first time in 1948.
• In 1956, India stood fourth after reaching till semi-finals.
• Since 1960, India has not participated in Football event in Olympics.

Additional Information

• List of upcoming Olympics games:-

The correct answer is 11

Key Points

• The Karaga festival is celebrated in the state of Karnataka.
• This Festival is one of the oldest festivals in Karnataka with a history of over 300 years.
• The festival is celebrated annually in march or April (Chaitra Month according to the Hindu Calander).
• The festival runs for 11 days and is a celebration of rituals and traditions that have their origin in the epic Mahabharata, particularly in the stripping of Draupadi.

Additional Information

• Other Important Festivals of India.

The correct answer is Indore.

Key Points 

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi Innuagurates municipal solid waste-based Gabar Dhan plant in Indore, Madya Pradesh.
• It is Asia's biggest Bio-CNG Plant which can treat  550 tonnes of segregated wet organic waste and produce around 17,000 kg of CNG per day.
• In the coming two years Gobardhan Bio CNG plants will be established with 75 big Municipal bodies.
• The plant is also expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide green energy along with organic compost.

The correct answer is 2004.

Key Points

• Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair received the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2004 for his contribution to Indian Dance-theatre.
• He was born in 1925 in Kerala and received his training in Kathakali Vesbam from the renowned Kathakali guru Pattikamtody Ravunni Menon at Kerala Kalamandalam, Cherutburuthy.
• Shri Nair later joined the Kalamandalamfaculty and was eventually the Principal of the institution.
• For his outstanding as a performer and teacher; Shri Nair has been honoured by institutions within and outside Kerala.
• These honours include the Kalidas Samman best by the Government of Madhya Pradesh, Kerala

Sangeetha Nataka Akademi and the ofSangeet Natak Akademi, Delhi.

The correct answer is North- east monsoon.

Key Points

• North-east monsoon-
• Generally, across the world, monsoons are experienced in tropical areas roughly between 20° N and 20° S.
• The climate of India is described as the ‘monsoon’ type.
• In Asia, this type of climate is found mainly in the south and the southeast.
• Northeast monsoon occurs from October to December.
• It is a comparatively small-scale monsoon, which is confined to the Southern peninsula.
• It is called the winter monsoon.
• Rainfall is experienced in the southern part of India, mainly in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu during this period.
• Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand experience precipitation in the form of rainfall or snowfall during the northeast monsoon.

Additional Information

• South-west monsoon- 
• The Southwest monsoon season is also called the rainy season.
• The South-west monsoon comes in from June to September.
• About 75% of the country’s annual rainfall is received from the Southwest monsoon between June and September.
• This southwest monsoon is caused by an intense low-pressure system forming over the Tibetan Plateau as a result of intense heating during the summer season.
• Southeast trade winds cross the equator and enter the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, only to become entangled in the air circulation over India

The correct answer is High.

Key Points

• With reference to the green revolution in India 'H' in 'HYV' stands for high.
• The Green revolution has involved the production of High Yielding Variety (HYV).

Additional Information

• Green Revolution
• Green Revolution launched in the year 1966 and was the brainchild of Norman Borloug.
• In India, It was made successful by DR. MS Swaminathan.
• The Term 'Green Revolution' was coined by Dr. William Gade.
• The achievement of the Green Revolution was a rise in cereal production especially wheat and rice,
• a change in cropping patterns in favor of wheat, and an increase in employment opportunities.

Important Points

• Important Revolutions in India.

The correct answer is Parsi.

Key Points

• Pateti is the new year festival of the Parsis.
• Pateti comes from the Persian word 'Patet' which means 'confession' or 'repentance'.
• On this festival, Parsis mark the beginning of the new year, go to the agyari and spend the day with family members.
• The Parsis don’t just believe in celebrating the new year and forgetting about the past. Rather they cherish the past and look back on the year that has passed and ask for repentance.
• This generally occurs just before the New year or the last day of the previous year and usually encompasses 5 days of repentance which has now been reduced to one.
• New year's day which historically falls on the spring equinox is now celebrated in mid-August every year.
• The Shahenshahi calendar used by the Parsis is itself known as Nowroz.

Important Points

• Parsi community
• ​One of the most well-known minority communities in the country is the Parsis who follow the 4000-year-old ancient Zoroastrianism religion from Persia.
• Zoroastrianism spread to the world via the Silk Route and influenced other religions such as Judaism and Christianity. It is a monotheistic religion established by the Prophet Zarathustra who was the contemporary of Cyrus the Great, back in 1200 BC.
• The Parsis, came to India after the Arab conquest started. Historians believe that they sailed across the Arabian Sea to reach Gujarat sometime in 785 AD. Today, around 60,000 Parsis reside in the country.
• The Parsis are a distinctive community in the country who are known for their distinct cuisine and way of life. Many of them such as Jamshedji Tata have contributed to building this nation.
• This community is predominantly based in the western region, especially in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Additional Information

• Islam (Muslim) religion -
• Hazrat Muhammad Sahib was the founder of the Islam religion.
• Hazrat Muhammad Sahib was born in Mecca in 570 AD.
• Hazrat Muhammad Sahib died in 632 AD. After his death, Islam got divided into two sects called Sunni and Shia.
• The successors of Prophet Muhammad were called Khalifa.
• Sikh religion -
• The credit for the establishment of the Sikh religion goes to Guru Nanak (the first Guru). The followers of Guru Nanak are called Sikhs.
• There are 10 Gurus in Sikhism. 10^th Guru was Guru Govind Singh Ji.
• In 1699 AD, on the day of Baisakhi, Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa Panth.

The correct answer is Orographic

Key PointsOrographic Rainfall

• This is also known as Relief Rainfall. This rainfall occurs in the regions where mountains are present along with the sea.
• When the moisture-filled air from the sea rises up and hits the mountain to increase longer altitude that leads to the expansion of air and lowers the temperature.
• Cooling down of air and condensation causes the formation of clouds.
• After reaching the point of saturation, rainfall happens on the sea-facing side of the mountain.
• The sea-facing side receives high precipitation called the Windward Side and the other side of the mountains receives lesser precipitation called the Leeward Side.

Additional Information

​​Convectional Rainfall

• on getting heated air becomes light and rises up in convection form.
• As the air expands and drops the temperature, Cumulus Clouds are formed.
• Such rain usually occurs in the summer season.
• This type of rainfall usually occurs in the Equatorial regions and the internal parts of the continents, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Such rainfall is mainly associated with hail and graupel.

Cyclonic Rainfall

• This rainfall occurs when two different characteristics of air masses comprise together.
• With rising water vapour they start becoming heavy and unstable, further developing convectional nuclei and forming thick clouds.
• Further these clouds move up and become unstable water droplets.

The correct answer is 2002

Key Points

• 86^th constitutional amendment inserted a new article in PART III (21A), ensuring the Right to Education as a fundamental right.
• This says, The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all aged 6 to 14 years.
• Originally Directives Principles of State Policies of PART IV had a provision for state-funded education for equitable access.

Additional Information Some important articles related to Education

Important Points Fundamental Duties

• Article 51A says that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India.
• To abide by the constitution and respect its ideal and institutions;
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and, integrity of India
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild-life and to have compassion for living creatures;
• To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and, the spirit of inquiry and reform;
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement. Further, one more Fundamental duty has been added to the Indian Constitution by the 86^th Amendment of the constitution in 2002.
• Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be, ward between the ages of six and fourteen.

The correct answer is 50%.

Key Points

• The Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1975 under the provisions of the Ordinance promulgated on 26^th September 1975 and Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
• The shareholding pattern of RRBs among the three sponsoring entities is 50: 35: 15 among the central government, sponsoring bank, and state government, respectively.
• RRBs are financial institutions that ensure adequate credit for agriculture and other rural sectors.
• The Reserve bank of India (RBI) has no ownership of RRBs.

Additional Information

• RRBs are regulated by RBI (Reserve bank of India) and supervised by NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) as their main area of activity is the rural sector.
• Prathama Bank, with its head office in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh was the first RRB.

The correct answer is 1866.

Key Points

• Ecology was first described as a separate field of knowledge in 1866 by the German zoologist, Ernst Haeckel in his book ' Generelle Morphologie der Organismen'.
• Ecology emerges from two Greek words, 'Oikos' means house, and 'logos' means study.
• It is the scientific study of interactions between individuals, populations, and communities with their environment.
• However, it was first introduced by Hans Reiter in 1885.

The correct answer is the Ministry of Rural Development.

Key Points

• Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India in June 2011.
• NRLM aims to alleviate rural poverty and create sustainable livelihood opportunities for the rural poor.
• NRLM set out with an agenda to cover 7 Crore rural poor households, across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats and 6 lakh villages in the country through self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federated institutions and support them for livelihoods collectives in a period of 8-10 years.
• The scheme is an improved version of the earlier Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY).
• The program is supported partially by the World Bank.
• In November 2015, the program was renamed Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM).

Additional InformationSub-schemes under NRLM-

• Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (AGEY)
• This scheme was initiated in 2017.
• It aims at providing alternative sources of livelihood to members of SHGs under the parent scheme by enabling them to offer public transport services in backward rural areas.
• Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)
• The main objective of this sub-scheme is to empower women in agriculture by making systematic investments to enhance their participation and productivity.
• The program also seeks to create and sustain agriculture-based livelihoods concerning women in rural areas.
• Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP)
• The objective of this sub-scheme is to promote startups in rural areas.
• SVEP envisions the generation of sustainable self-employment opportunities for rural poor youth, facilitating them to engage effectively with the market and help generate wealth locally.
• National Rural Livelihoods Project (NRLP)
• The NRLP is designed to create ‘proof of concept’ and build capacities at the central and state levels, to have a facilitating environment for all states and UTs to transit to the NRLM.

The correct answer is Sunlight

Key Points

• Sunlight is the primary source of energy in an ecosystem for all ecosystems on earth.
• Energy is captured by plants through the process of photosynthesis then it is transferred to the other various organism.

Important Points

• Ecosystem:- ecosystem is the ecological unit in which living organisms interact with each other.
• it is the combination of biotic and abiotic factors.
• Biotic factors are the living factor in the ecosystem.
• Abiotic components are non living factors of ecosystem.

The correct answer is World Athletics.

Key Points

• World Athletics alone shall have the right to organise the Athletics competition at the olympic games and the competitions that are included in the World athletics series.
• It was established on 17 July 1912 in Stockholm, Sweden on the closing ceremony of the olympic games.
• The Principality of Monaco has been the headquarters to World Athletics **since October 1993.**​

Additional Information

International Olympic committee

• The International Olympic Committee is the guardian of the Olympic Games and the leader of the Olympic Movement.
• it acts as a catalyst for collaboration between all Olympic stakeholders.
• It also collaborates with the United Nations and other international organisations.

The correct answer is Boyle's Law

Key Points

• ​The first reliable measurement on the properties of gases was made by Anglo-Irish scientist Robert Boyle in 1662.
• The law which he formulated is known as Boyle’s Law.
• The law says that the **pressure of a fixed amount  of gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature.**​

Additional Information

• Avogadro’s Law says that the  equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.
• ​Dalton’s Law says the total pressure exerted by the mixture of non-reactive gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases.
• Charles's Law for a fixed mass of a gas at constant pressure, volume of a gas increases on increasing temperature and decreases on cooling

The correct answer is 31.16%

Key Points

• The total urban population of India is 377 million(31.16%) according to the census 2011.
• The percentage of Indians living in urban areas has increased from 27.8 percent in 2001 to 31.16 percent in 2011.
• Goa is the most urbanized state with 62.17% of the population living in urban areas.
• The Delhi is most urbanized union territory with 62.17%.

Important Points Top urbanized states and union territory of India-

Additional Information

• The total rural population in the country as per the census of 2011 is 833.1 million.
• Himachal Pradesh(10.03%) is the least urbanized state in India.

The correct answer is Fusion reactor.

Key Points

• In a Magnetic Confinement Fusion, a few hundred cubic meters of D-T (Deuterium-tritium) plasma with a density of less than one milligram per cubic meter are confined together by a magnetic field.
• A successful configuration must meet three criteria:
• The plasma must be in a time-independent equilibrium state
• The equilibrium must be macroscopically stable
• The leakage of plasma energy to the bounding wall must be small.
• ​Magnetic confinement fusion is an approach to generate thermonuclear fusion power that uses magnetic fields to confine fusion fuel in the form of plasma.

The correct answer is Kolkata.

Key Points

• Kolkata port is an inland riverine port because this port is located on the Hugli river.
• This port is developed by the British.
• Kolkata Port is also confronted with the problem of silt accumulation in the Hugli river which provides a link to the sea.
• This port lost its significance because of silt accumulation.

 Additional Information

The correct answer is 25.01%

Key Points

• Multidimensional Poverty Means a person is not just one-dimensionally poor but is poor in many dimensions.
• The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is based on three dimensions:-
• Health, Education, and Standard of living.
• The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) has been released by Niti Aayog every year.
• The MPI report identifies 25.01% of India’s population as multidimensionally poor.

Important Points

The correct answer is RN Ravi.

Key Points

The correct answer is Durgeshnandini

Key Points

• Durgeshnandini is a Bengali historical romance novel written by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in **1865.**​

Important Points

• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (27 June 1838–8 April 1894) was an Indian novelist, poet, and journalist.
• He was the composer of Vande Mataram, originally in Sanskrit, personifying India as a mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement.
• He wrote fourteen novels and many serious, seriocomic, satirical, scientific, and critical treatises in Bengali.
• He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali.

Additional Information

• Chokher Bali
• ​Chokher Bali is a Bengali Novel authored by Ravindra Nath Tagore in the 20^th century.
• The novel highlights issues like Women's Education, Child marriage, Deplorable Position of women in Indian society before independence.
• The novel also reflects the pitiful Plight of Widows.
• Maila Aanchal
• ​Maila Aanchal has been authored by Phanishwer Nath Renu.
• It is famous for its Folk Nature of narration of the whole story which is based in the regions of Bihar during the Quit India Movement.
• The Novel throws light on the prevailing Divisions in Society based on Caste, Group, Creed, etc.
• Pratigya
• ​It is a Hindi Novel written by Munshi Premchand.
• The Novel gives an insight into prevailing injustices against widow Women.

The correct answer is Amit Shah.

Key PointsMinistry of Cooperation:

• Ministry of Cooperation was formed in 6^th July, 2021.
• The Ministry is headed by Shri Amit Shah, Hon’ble Minister for Cooperation
• Shri B. L. Verma, Hon’ble Minister of State for Cooperation.
• The Ministry's administrative head is the Secretary of Cooperation.
• One Additional Secretary, two Joint Secretaries, and one Central Registrar of Cooperative Societies assist the Secretary of Cooperation.
• The Ministry is responsible for provide a separate administrative, legal and policy framework for strengthening the cooperative movement in country.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Arundhati Roy

Key Points

• Arundhati Roy is a Political Activist and Writer.
• Her debut Novel is the "God Of Small Particle Things" has won the Booker Prize in 1997.
• The Novel depicts  Corruption, Political Violence, and Capitalism.

Additional Information

• Kiran Desai
• ​She is a famous English author of Indian Origin.
• Her notable literary work, The Inheritance Of Loss won the 2006 Man Booker Prize.
• She was also awarded the National Book Critics Circle Fiction Award.
• Vikram Seth
• Vikram Seth is a renowned Indian author and poet.
• He has given many contributions to literature like A Suitable Boy, The Golden Gate, and An Equal Music.
• He was awarded by Padma Shri, Sahitya Academy, and Commonwealth Writers Prize.
• VS Naipaul
• ​He was a famous English Writer, born in Trinidad.
• His notable literary works are A House for Mr. Biswas, In a Free State, and A Blend in the River.
• He won The Nobel Prize in literature in 2001 for Half-A-Life.

The correct answer is Peroxisome.

Key PointsPeroxisomes:

• Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles.
• They are involved in energy metabolism in the cell, thus, serve as a site for enzymes involved in metabolic reactions.
• They are derived from ER and replicate by fission.
• Though, they share morphological similarities with lysosomes, they are assembled in a manner similar to mitochondria and chlororplast in terms of assembly and replication (i.e., by fission).
• Unlike mitochondria and chloroplast, peroxisome lacks its own genome.
• In animal cells, peroxisomes perform two major functions:
• Oxidation
• Lipid biosynthesis
• They contain oxidases that help in peroxide production, and catalase that neutralizes the harmful products of oxidation reaction.
• In liver cells, peroxisomes also help in alcohol detoxification.
• In plant cells, peroxisomes have two major roles to play, i.e., conversion of fatty acids into carbohydrates in seeds and photorespiration in leaves.

Additional Information

• Each cell is equipped with different machineries known as organelles responsible for different functions.
• You also know that cells present in organisms (unicellular or multicellular) have been broadly characterised into two main categories, based on the nuclear organisation and membrane-bound cell organelles, i.e. prokaryote and eukaryote.
• Cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuole, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and many more.

The correct answer is Hindustani classical.

Key Points Kumar Gandharva:

• He was born in Belgaum, Karnataka in 1924.
• He does not belong to any traditional Gharana system.
• He was awarded by:
• ​Padma Bhushan in 1977
• Padma Vibhushan in 1990
• Prominent ragas articulated by him are, Beehad Bairav, Ahimohini, Madhsuraja, and Sanjaari.

​Hindustani Classical:

• It is influenced by the Persian and Mughal empires in the northern part of the country.
• The main vocal forms are Dhrupad, Khyal, Thumri, Tarana, Ghazal, and Dadra.
• Based on the Gharana style: Lucknow, Jaipur, Kairana, Agra, etc.
• Greater emphasis on the moral construct of song i.e. Nadi and Samvadi swars.
• In this style, emotions are not enhanced by ornamentation.
• **Associated instruments: Tabla, Santoor, Sitar, Sarangi, etc.**​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Service Before Self

Key Points

• Indian Army
• Army Day: 15 January
• Motto: Service Before Self
• Chief of the Army Staff: General Manoj Pande
• Vice-Chief of the Army : Lieutenant General M. V. Suchindra Kumar.

Additional Information

• Satyameva Jayate
• It is a part of a mantra from the Hindu scripture Mundaka Upanishad.
• It was adopted as the national motto of India on 26 January 1950.
• It is inscribed in the Devanagari script at the base of the Lion Capital of Ashoka and forms an integral part of the Indian National Emblem and inscribed on one side of all Indian currency and national documents.
• Vande Mataram
• It is the National Song of India and was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel Anandmath in 1882.
• On 24 January 1950, it was adopted as a national song of India by the Constituent Assembly of India.
• 1896 session of the Indian National Congress held at Calcutta is the first political event where the National Song was sung.

Additional Information

• Nation First Always First was the theme of the 75^th Independence Day of India in 2022, Celebrating the milestones achieved by our country.
• Azadi 70 Yad Kro Kurbani was the theme of the 70^th Independence Day of India in 2016.

The correct answer is Rajaraja Chola 

Key Points

• Rajarajeshwara temple is popularly known as Brihadeshwara temple and is locally known as Thanjai Periya Kovil.
• It was built in Dravidian style and dedicated to Shiva by Rajaraja around 1009 AD.
• It is located on the south bank of the Cauvery river in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
• UNESCO designated the Brihadeshwara temple a World Heritage Site (WHS) in 1987.
• It is one of the "Great Living Chola Temples" along with Gangaikonda Cholapuram and Airawatesvara temples.

Additional Information Rajaraja Chola (985-1014AD)

• During his reign, the Chola empire expanded from Kalinga in the north to Srilanka in the South.
• He fought battles with the Chalukyas in the north and the Pandyas in the south.
• He also helped in the construction of a Buddhist monastery in Nagapattinam.
• He was succeeded by his son **Rajendra Chola I in 1014 AD.**​
• ​Rajendra III was the last ruler of the Chola dynasty.

 Rajadhiraja Chola I (1044-1054AD)

• Destroyed the Chalukyan city Kalyani and built Jaystambh at Yadgir.
• Also known as Jayam Konda.

​ Vikram Chola (1120-1133AD)

• He succeeded Kulottunga I.
• He recovered the Gangavadi area from Hoyasalas.

The correct answer is Divergent boundaries.

 Key Points

• Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are breaking apart and pushing upward from the mantle by magma to form a new crust.
• These boundaries are also known as constructive boundaries.
• It is formed by tectonic plates pulling apart from each other.
• It pushes apart two or more plates by the rise of magma from the Earth's mantle towards the surface.

 Additional Information

• Transform boundaries
• A transform boundary is formed as tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other but parts of these plates get stuck at the places where they touch.
• These boundaries are conservative because plate interaction occurs without creating or destroying crust.
• They don't play any role in the birth of mountains or oceans, but sometimes they can trigger large earthquakes.
• Convergent boundaries
• A convergent plate boundary is formed when tectonic plates crash into each other.
• They are also known as destructive boundaries.
• These can create deep trenches and the Himalayan Mountain Range is the best active example of the crash of continental convergent plate boundaries.
• These boundaries are often subduction zones.