SSC Steno 2021 Official Paper (Held on: 12 Nov 2021 Shift 2 (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is :-

Sum of given numbers in brackets = 30

• (17, 9, 4) → 17 + 9 + 4 = 30

And

• (14, 3, 13) → 14 + 3 + 13 = 30

Similarly,

• (13, ?, 7)

Consider ? as X

(13, X, 7)

⇒ 13 + X + 7 = 30

⇒ 20 + X = 30

⇒ X = 10

Hence, the correct answer is "10".

The logic followed here is:

Sum of given numbers in brackets = 20​

• (9, 9, 2) → 9 + 9 + 2 = 20

And

• (4, 8, 8) → 4 + 8 + 8 = 20

Similarly,

• (8, __, 1)

Consider __ as X

(8, X, 1)

⇒ 8 + X + 1 = 20

⇒ 9 + X = 20

⇒ X = 11

Hence, the correct answer is "11".

The logic followed here is :-

Sum of opposite alphabet positional value +1.

PHONE is coded as 78.

= (11 + 19 + 12 + 13 + 22) + 1

= 77 + 1

= 78

And

MOON is coded as 52.

= (14 + 12 + 12 + 13) + 1

= 51 + 1

= 52

Similarly,

PLAN will be coded as :

= (11 + 15 + 26 + 13) + 1

= 65 + 1

= 66

Hence, the correct answer is "66".

The logic followed here is :-

${\sqrt[3]{First number}}$ + ${\sqrt{Second number}}$ = First number + Second number = Third number

Row 1 : 

= ${\sqrt[3]{125}}$ + ${\sqrt{25}}$

= 5 + 5

= 10

Row 2 : 

 

= ${\sqrt[3]{216}}$ + ${\sqrt{49}}$

= 6 + 7

= 13

Row 3 :

 

= ${\sqrt[3]{27}}$ + ${\sqrt{121}}$

= 3 + 11

= 14

Hence, the correct answer is "14".

The logic followed here is :-

⇒ Horse E is ahead of horse D.

E > D

⇒ Horse C is ahead of horse A but behind of horse B.

B > C > A

⇒ Horse A is ahead of horse E.

A > E

By combining above three statements the relation formed is :

B > C > A > E > D

At a point , horse at the fourth place cross all the horse and won the race.

Horse at fourth place is : E

E > B > C > A > D

∴ Here, the horse that is middle at end of race is 'horse C'.

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

The logic followed here is :-

Given series : A U R R G H R S W C G I O P D S Q T  

Total 18 letters are there in given series.

First half of given letters are : A U R R G H R S W

After reversing the first half of given series the series is as follows : W S R H G R R U A C G I O P D S Q T

The letter 8^th from right end is : W S R H G R R U A C G I O P D S Q T

⇒ The letter which is third to left of letter which eight from right end of series formed is : W S R H G R R U A C G I O P D S Q T

Hence, the correct answer is "U".

The logic followed here is :-

A cyclist travels towards the east for 2 km and then turns left to travel 1 km. From there, he turns left and travels another 800 metres to reach a tea junction. After a short break, he turns towards the south and travels for 500 metres. From there, he turns right and travels for 1.2 km. Finally, he tums right and travels for 1 km.

∴ Here, Cyclist is in 'north' with respect to his starting position.

Hence, the correct answer is "North".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Option 1) : 12 + 8 × 9 + (24 ÷ 5 + 8) - 7 = 35

After interchanging the signs × and ÷  and the numbers 12 and 9 the equation is as follows : 9 + 8 ÷ 12 + (24 × 5 + 8) - 7 = 35

⇒ 9 + 8 ÷ 12 + (24 × 5 + 8) - 7 = 35

⇒ 9 + 8 ÷ 12 + (120 + 8) - 7 = 35

⇒ 9 + 8 ÷ 12 + 128 - 7 = 35

⇒ 9 + 0.66 + 128 - 7 = 35

⇒ 137.66 - 7 = 35

⇒ 130.66 ≠ 35

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) : 9 × 17 + 5 (24 ÷ 9) - 12 = 46

After interchanging the signs × and ÷  and the numbers 12 and 9 the equation is as follows : 12 ÷ 17 + 5 (24 × 12) - 9 = 46

⇒ 12 ÷ 17 + 5 (24 × 12) - 9 = 46

⇒ 12 ÷ 17 + 5 (288) - 9 = 46

⇒ 12 ÷ 17 + 1440 - 9 = 46

⇒ 0.705 + 1440 - 9 = 46

⇒ 1440.705 - 9 = 46

⇒ 1431.705 ≠ 46

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) : 14 ÷ 2 + 10 (12 - 6) × 9 = 37

After interchanging the signs × and ÷  and the numbers 12 and 9 the equation is as follows : 14 × 2 + 10 (9 - 6) ÷ 12 = 37

⇒ 14 × 2 + 10 (9 - 6) ÷ 12 = 37

⇒ 14 × 2 + 10 (3) ÷ 12 = 37

⇒ 14 × 2 + 30 ÷ 12 = 37

⇒ 14 × 2 + 2.5 = 37

⇒ 28 + 2.5 = 37

⇒ 30.5 ≠ 37

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) : 10 + 2 ÷ 3 + (24 × 9 + 8) - 12 = 17

After interchanging the signs × and ÷  and the numbers 12 and 9 the equation is as follows : 10 + 2 × 3 + (24 ÷ 12 + 8) - 9 = 17

⇒ 10 + 2 × 3 + (24 ÷ 12 + 8) - 9 = 17

⇒ 10 + 2 × 3 + (2 + 8) - 9 = 17

⇒ 10 + 2 × 3 + 10 - 9 = 17

⇒ 10 + 6 + 10 - 9 = 17

⇒ 26 - 9 = 17

⇒ 17 = 17

LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "10 + 2 ÷ 3 + (24 × 9 + 8) - 12 = 17".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some zones are districts → True (As Some districts are zones so, Some zones are districts is true)

II. Some districts are cities → False (As No city is a district so, Some districts are cities is false)

lII. No state is a zone → False (As Some zones are states so, No state is a zone is false)

∴ Here, Only conclusion I is true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

The logic followed here is :-

DURDG : EFJVZ

 

Similarly,

JGFSGR : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "GIJNWY".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "425".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "449".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

4. Precaution
5. Proctor
6. Product
7. Profess
8. Prosecute

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 5, 2, 1, 3".

The logic followed here is :-

First number + Second number² = Third number 

• (5, 2, 9) → 5 + 2² = 5 + 4 = 9
• (13, 5, 38) → 13 + 5² = 13 + 25 = 38
• (14, 3, ?) → 14 + 3² = 14 + 9 = 23

Hence, the correct answer is "23".

The logic followed here is :-

We know that, we usually write on 'notebook'.

∴ Here, 'notebook' is called 'bag'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Bag".

The figure embedded in the given options is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is :-

The words given represents the germination process of fruit from seed step by step.

Seed → Germination → Plant → Flower → Fruit

3. Seed 
4. Germination
5. Plant
6. Flower
7. Fruit

The seed sown will germinate and plant grows, the flower will flourish then fruits are obtained from flowers.

Hence, the correct answer is "3, 2, 1, 5, 4".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "ENPW".

Family chart :-

Family Tree :

1) A is the son of C, but C is not the mother of A and B is A’s sister.

 

2) C and D are a married couple and E is the mother of C. 

∴ Here, 'D' is mother of 'A'.

Hence, the correct answer is "D".

The logic followed here is :-

First number³ + First number² = Second number

5 : 150 → 5³ + 5² = 125 + 25 = 150

Similarly,

8 : ? → 8³ + 8² = 512 + 64 = 576

Hence, the correct answer is "576".

Given,

Actual cost of book = 40/-

But,

The book which costs Rs. 40 is sold for 25% profit.

⇒ Actual cost of book + 25% profit of the book.

= 40 + (40 × 25) ÷ 100

= 40 + 10

= 50/-

The actual cost of the book with 25% = 50/-

⇒ If the cost of the book is increased by 10% and profit percentage remains the same,

New selling price = Actual cost of book with 25% profit + Cost of book increased by 10%

New selling price = 50 + ((50 × 10) ÷ 100)

New selling price = 50 + 5

New selling price = 55/-

∴ Here, the new selling price of the book is 55/-

Hence, the correct answer is "Rs. 55".

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at PQ is as shown below:-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "20".

Given,

Total number of students in class = 64 students

Komal’s rank is 6 positions lower (i.e. towards bottom) than her friend Shikha, who is at the 59th position from the end. 

 

Position of Komal from bottom = Position of Shikha - 6 = 59 - 6 = 53,

Position of Komal = Number of students - Position of Komal from bottom + 1

Position of Komal = 64 - 53 + 1

Position of Komal = 65 - 53

Position of Komal = 12th position.

Hence, the correct answer is "12^th".

After unfolding the given paper the image formed is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

According to the given information,

The given expression is :

'U $ Q & Y % D $ S # K' → U is mother of Q, Q is sister of Y, Y is brother of D, D is mother of S, S is wife of K.

 

1) D is the mother-in-law of K → True (As D is mother of S and S is wife of K so, D is the mother-in-law of K is true)

2) Q is the sister of D → True (As Q is sister of Y and Y is brother of D so, Q is the sister of D is true)

3) Y is the daughter of U → False (As Y is brother of D so Y is a male. Hence, Y is the daughter of U is false)

4) U is the mother of D → True (As U is mother of Q and Q is sister of Y and Y is brother of D so, U is the mother of D is true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Y is the daughter of U".

The logic followed here is :-

OESTD : UAVXI

 

Similarly,

UISRY : ? 

Hence, the correct answer is "AEVVD".

The logic followed here is :-

1) A is taller than B and E is shorter than B but taller than D.

A > B > E > D

2) C and D are of equal height.

A > B > E > D = C

3) F is shorter than C, who is shorter than B.

A > B > E > D = C > F

∴ Here, 'F' is the shortest among all.

Hence, the correct answer is "F".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol:

Family Tree :-

∴ Here, Benkat is 'father' of Rahul.

Hence, the correct answer is "Father".

The logic followed here is :-

Tamanna is walking towards the north from her house. After 500 metres she turns left and walks for 500 metres. Then she turns left and walks 250 metres to reach her friend’s house.

∴ Here, Tamanna's house is in south-east from her friend's house.

Hence, the correct answer is "South-East".

P, Q, R, S, T and U are six friends sitting at equal distances from each other around a circular table facing the centre of the table.

1) U is sitting at the 4th position to the left of T.

 

2) R is sitting to the immediate left of U.

 

3) Someone is sitting between S and T but it’s not P.

 

∴ Here, 'P' is sitting opposite of 'T'.

Hence, the correct answer is "P".

The logic followed here is :-

The given words represent the process of printing information present in a document file which is present in a computer.

Select the content from the source → Copy the content → Paste the content in a file → Save the file → Print the saved file

5. Select 
6. Copy
7. Paste
8. Save
9. Print

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 2, 1, 3, 4".

The logic followed here is :-

1) BKYP

2) GDTW

3) SXHD

 

4) XJCQ

 

∴ Here, 'SXHD' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "SXHD".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some chairs are goods → True (As Some chairs are beds and All beds are goods so, Some chairs are goods is true)

Il. Some goods are not beds → False (it is possible but not definite)

∴ Here, Only conclusion I is true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "141".

The figure that will come next in the following figure series is as shown below :

• Top right corner of the circle is shaded in first figure and that shaded part is shifted to bottom corner of circle in second figure and process repeated.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

1) DJOTY

2) CHMRW

3) DINSX

4) BGLQV

∴ Here, "DJOTY" is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "DJOTY".

The logic followed here is :-

In the given word the letters alphabet positional value opposite -1.

GKNR : SOLH

Similarly,

MNGB : ? 

Hence, the correct answer is "MLSX".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

The given expression : 5 ÷ 3 < 2 + (9 + 3) × 2 = ? 

After interchanging the symbols by mathematical operators the expression is as follows : 5 + 3 × 2 ÷ (9 ÷ 3) - 2

= 5 + 3 × 2 ÷ (9 ÷ 3) - 2

= 5 + 3 × 2 ÷ 3 - 2

= 5 + 3 × 0.66 - 2

= 5 + 2 - 2

= 7 - 2

= 5

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

Given,

The sum of the scores obtained by Ram and his two friends in an exam is 60% of the sum of the maximum marks for the exam for all three of them

The ratio of their obtained marks is 4 ∶ 5 ∶ 6

Ratio of Ram : Ram's first friend : Ram's second friend = 4 : 5 : 6

Let the sum of maximum marks for the exam for all three of them = 3M

Total sum of marks obtained = 4x + 5x + 6x

Total sum of marks obtained = 15x

Sum of the scores obtained by Ram and his two friends in an exam is 60%.

Total sum of marks obtained = Sum of the scores obtained by Ram and his two friends in an exam is 60% of the sum of the max marks

⇒ 15x = 60% × 3M

⇒ x = 4% × 3M

⇒ x = ${3M \over 25}$

⇒ Percentage of marks scored by Ram = ((4 × ${3M \over 25}$ ) ÷ M) × 100

Percentage of marks scored by Ram = ${12 \over 25}$ × 100

Percentage of marks scored by Ram = 48%

⇒ Percentage of marks scored by Ram's first friend = ((5 × ${3M \over 25}$ ) ÷ M) × 100

Percentage of marks scored by Ram's first friend = ${15 \over 25}$ × 100

Percentage of marks scored by Ram's first friend = 60%

⇒ Percentage of marks scored by Ram's second friend = ((6 × ${3M \over 25}$ ) ÷ M) × 100

Percentage of marks scored by Ram's second friend = ${18 \over 25}$ × 100

Percentage of marks scored by Ram's second friend = 72%

∴ Here, Only Ram's second friend has scored more than 70% i.e., 72%

Hence, the correct answer is "One".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

|. Potato is a fruit → False (it is possible but not definite)

Il. Potato is not a fruit → False (it is possible but not definite)

III. All vegetables are fruits → False (it is possible but not definite)

IV. Some vegetables are not fruits → False (it is possible but not definite)

Hence, the correct answer is "None of the conclusions follow".

The logic followed here is :-

One evening when Rosy was going to the market, she saw the Sun to her right. She walked for 100 metres and turned left and walked 50 metres to reach a crossroad. From there she walked towards the south for 40 Metres, and finally she turned left and walked 60 metres to reach the market.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "South-East".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Option 1) : ÷, × and =

Given equation : 12_4_3_24

After inserting the mathematical operators in given equation the equation is as follows : 12 ÷ 4 × 3 = 24

⇒ 12 ÷ 4 × 3 = 24

⇒ 3 × 3 = 24

⇒ 9 ≠ 24

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) : ×, ÷ and =

Given equation : 12_4_3_24

After inserting the mathematical operators in given equation the equation is as follows : 12 × 4 ÷ 3 = 24

⇒ 12 × 4 ÷ 3 = 24

⇒ 12 × 1.33 = 24

⇒ 16 ≠ 24

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) : +, × and =

Given equation : 12_4_3_24

After inserting the mathematical operators in given equation the equation is as follows : 12 + 4 × 3 = 24

⇒ 12 + 4 × 3 = 24

⇒ 12 + 12 = 24

⇒ 24 = 24

LHS = RHS

Option 4) : ÷, =, and ×

Given equation : 12_4_3_24

After inserting the mathematical operators in given equation the equation is as follows : 12 ÷ 4 = 3 × 24

⇒ 12 ÷ 4 = 3 × 24

⇒ 3 = 3 × 24

⇒ 3 ≠ 72

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "+, × and =".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "DWC".

The figure that will come next in the following figure series is as shown below :

• The arrow is rotated 90⁰ in clockwise from figure to figure.

 

• The symbol $ is rotating clockwise and moving one step ahead in every figure.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, AFE is the correct answer

The logic followed here is :-

In the given word consonants are added with +3.

In the given word vowels are subtracted with -3.

‘SOUP’ is written as ‘VLRS’.

And

'BACK' is written as "EXFN’.

Similarly,

‘TYPE’ will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "WBSB".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is as shown below :

• Computers, bicycles and forest are not related to each other in any way.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is shown below :

• All mothers are women.
• Some Doctors are Mothers or Women or both.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mothers, Doctors, Women".

Given,

When the petrol prices increased by 25%, Yogesh reduced his travel so as to keep his monthly expenses on petrol the same as earlier.

Let us consider, Cost of petrol = Rs. 100

When the petrol prices increased by 25%.

⇒ 100 + 25% = 125/-

So, the cost of petrol after 25% increased = 125/-

Percentage reduced by Yogesh to travel = ((125 - 100) ÷ 125) × 100

Percentage reduced by Yogesh to travel = 25 ÷ 125 × 100

Percentage reduced by Yogesh to travel = 0.2 × 100

Percentage reduced by Yogesh to travel = 20%

Hence, the correct answer is "20%".

The correct answer is Election Commission of India.

Key Points

• As per Article 324 of the Constitution, the Election Commission of India conducts the election of the Vice-President of India.
• ​Article 324 in the Indian Constitution gives power to the Election Commission to direct, control, and conduct elections to all Parliament, to the Legislature of every state, and of elections to the offices of the President and Vice President held under the Constitution.
• Article 324 of the Constitution vests the "superintendence, direction and control of elections" in an Election Commission consisting "of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix".

Additional Information

• Election Commission:
• An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of the electioneering process of any country.
• The Election Commission of India is a permanent and independent body established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, State Legislative Councils, and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country.

The correct answer is Information technology. 

Key Points

• There are the eight most fundamental industrial sectors of the Indian economy.
• The index of Eight-core Industries is released by the Office of Economic Advisor within the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade.
• The index maps the volume of production in these industries.
• Eight-core Industries are -
• Coal
• Natural Gas
• Crude Oil
• Refinery Products
• Fertilizers
• Steel
• Cement and
• Electricity.
• Eight core industries comprise about 40 percent of the weightage in the Index of industrial production (IIP)
• Hence Information technology is NOT treated as a core industry for calculating this index.

Additional Information

• Index of industrial production (IIP) - 
• It is an index that tracks manufacturing activity in different sectors of an economy.
• The IIP number measures the industrial production for the period under review, usually a month, as against the reference period. IIP is a key economic indicator of the manufacturing sector of the economy.
• There is a lag of six weeks in the publication of the IIP index data after the reference month ends.
• IIP index is currently calculated using 2011-2012 as the base year.
• IIP data is compiled and published by CSO every month. CSO or Central Statistical Organisation operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

The correct answer is Bejan Daruwala.

Key Points

• Bejan Daruwala passed away in May 2020.
• Bejan Jehanjir Daruwalla was an Indian English professor and astrology columnist.
• Daruwalla was a Ganesha devotee and practiced various divination systems.

Additional Information

• List of some Important obituaries in 2022.​

The correct answer is ovules. 

Key Points

• Small bead-like structures inside the ovary of a flower are called ovules.
• The ovary is a part of the pistil, the female reproductive structure of the flower.
• Ovules are found inside the ovary.
• After fertilization, the ovary matures to form fruit.

Additional Information

• The four key components of the flower are :
• Sepal - Sepals are exterior parts of a flower that protect the interior flower while it emerges.
• Petals - Petals exist to draw pollinators to the flower. The petals together form what is known as the corolla of the plant.
• Stamens - The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower.
• Carpel - Also known as pistil, is the female reproductive organ of a flower.

The correct answer is Thomas Bach. 

Key Points

• Thomas Bach was elected as president of the International Olympic Committee.
• His second term as IOC President will start immediately after, and will conclude in 2025.
• The 67-year-old German received 93 yes and 1 no votes from the 94 valid votes.
• Bach was chosen as the IOC President for the first time on an eight-year term in 2013.
• He served as IOC Vice-President from 2000 to 2004, 2006 to 2010 and from 2010 until his election as IOC President in September 2013.

Additional Information

• International Olympic Committee is a non-profit independent international organization founded in the year 1894.
• Based in Lausanne, Switzerland, the Olympic Capital is entirely privately funded.
• The International Olympic Committee is the patron of the Olympic Games and the leader of the Olympic Movement.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points 

• The Mizoram Cabinet has become the first Indian state to accord sports an industry status.
• This decision is expected to promote employment generation in the state.
• This was announced by the state’s Chief Minister Zoramthanga.
• The Sports and Youth Services department had advised the State government to grant the status.
• Mizoram has a good group of Football players who represent several important clubs.

Additional Information 

• Chief Minister of Mizoram- Pu Zoramthanga
• Governor- Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
• Mizoram was the first state to decide to grant industry status to sports.

The correct answer is Kochi, Kerala.

Key Points

• The Mattancherry palace is situated in Kochi, Kerala.
• The Mattancherry Palace, commonly known as the Dutch Palace, is an example of Kerala architecture with colonial influences.
• It was established about 1545 C.E. by the Portuguese as a gift to King Veera Kerala Verma of the Kochi dynasty and is located around 12 kilometres from Ernakulam.
• As a result of the Dutch's extensive repairs, it became known as the Dutch Palace.
• Pazhayannur Bhagavathy, the royal family's deity, lives there as well (the Deity of Pazhayannur).
• These feature famous Indian epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata, as well as Hindu Gods such as Lord Krishna of Guruvayur Temple.
• The great Sanskrit poet Kalidasa's works have also been translated.

Additional Information 

• Kerala:
• Statehood: 1 November 1956
• Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
• Districts: 14
• Governor: Arif Mohammad Khan
• Chief Minister: Pinarayi Vijayan (CPI(M))
• Legislature: Unicameral (141 seats)
• Parliamentary constituencies:
• Rajya Sabha (9 seats)
• Lok Sabha (20 seats)

The correct answer is Malik Muhammad Jayasi.

Key Points

• Malik Muhammad Jayasi wrote the medieval-era epic poem ‘Padmavat’.
• He is a poet of the Nirguna Premashrayi stream of the Bhakti era of Hindi literature. 
• He was a resident of Jais in Uttar Pradesh.
• The word Jayasi is used in his name as his surname.
• There are mentions of 21 of his compositions in which Padmavat, Akhradan, Aakhri Kalam, Kaharnama, Chitrekha, etc. are prominent.
• But he got famous with his Padmavat Granth.
• Its language is Awadhi and its style of composition, the Doha Chaupai method has influenced poets of ancient times.

Additional Information

• Mulla Daud was the first poet in the ideology of Sufism belonging to Dalmau (Raebareli).
• His famous poem "Laur Chanda"( or Chandayan) was composed in the Avadhi language.
• Amīr Khusrau was an Indian Sufi singer, musician, poet and scholar who lived under the Delhi Sultanate.
• He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi.
• Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami, was the grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar.
• He was the author of the Akbarnama.

The correct answer is Major Suman Gawani.

Important Points

• Indian Army officer and woman peacekeeper Major Suman Gawani has been selected to be honoured with the UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award.
• First, an Indian Army officer and woman peacekeeper Major Suman Gawani has been selected to be honored with the United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award (2019) on May 29.
• Suman Gawani has served with the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) and is being awarded for her outstanding contribution to peacekeeping efforts.
• The award which was created in 2016, honors the dedication and effort of individual military peacekeepers in promoting the UN principles on Women, Peace, and Security in peace operations as nominated by Heads and Force Commanders of peace operations.
• Indian Major Suman Gawani who hails from Pokhara village in Tehri Garwhal joined the Indian Army in 2011 where she graduated from the Officers Training Academy.
• Later, she joined the Army Signal Corps.

Important Points

• A Zimbabwean peacekeeper Major Winnet Zharare has been chosen to receive the prestigious 2021 Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award.

The correct answer is Luxembourg.

Key Points

• Luxembourg has become the first country in the world to make all its public transport free.
• It removed fares on trains, trams, and buses in 2019.
• In 2018, the Luxembourg government made public transport free for every person under the age of 20.

Additional Information

• Luxembourg City is the capital of Luxembourg.
• Its currency is Euro.
• Xavier Bettel is the Prime Minister of Luxembourg.

The correct answer is LuLu Group. 

Key Points

• As of May 2020, LuLu Group is headed by Yusuff Ali MA.
• The UAE-based Lulu group would set up a food processing centre in Srinagar for sourcing a wide range of Agri products from Jammu and Kashmir.
• An MoU was signed between Lulu group and Fruit Master Agro Fresh Jammu and Kashmir.
• It has been signed for the supply of apple and other fruits for the supermarkets of Lulu group across the Gulf Countries.

Additional Information

• UAE-based Lulu Group has invested Rs 3,500 crore in Tamil Nadu as announced on 28 March 2022.
• It will set up shopping malls, hypermarkets and food processing and logistic centre in the state.
• An MoU was signed between Tamil Nadu Industrial Guidance and Export Promotion Bureau Pooja Kulkarni and Lulu group.

The correct answer is football. 

Key Points

• Chuni Goswami, on whose name a commemorative stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department, was a professional Indian football player.
• Chuni Goswami, the Indian Football stalwart who led India to win the gold medal in the 1962 Asian Games in Bangkok was honoured by the Indian Postal Department.
• The Dept issued a postal stamp on his 82nd birthday (January 15, 2020).
• Chuni-da is the third Indian footballer after the late Gostho Paul (1998), and the late Dr Talimeren Ao (2018) on whose name a postal stamp has been issued.

Additional Information

• Sunil Chhetri was a National football player in India.
• He was the captain of the Indian national football team.
• Gurpreet Singh is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.
• Bhaichung Bhutia is a former Indian professional footballer who played as a striker.

The correct answer is Orthoclase. 

Key Points

• Hardness is the ability of the material to resist scratch.
• It is measured by the Mohs hardness test in which the mineral substances of known variation in hardness are used to scratch the rock.
• The following table shows the minerals and their mohs value -

Hence Orthoclase is harder than apatite.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• An Indian classical dance style with its roots in Andhra Pradesh is called Veera Natyam.
• Veeranatyam, also known as the Dance of the Brave (Veera, which means brave, and Natyam, which means dance), is a traditional dance from the state of Andhra Pradesh that has religious overtones.
• In the beginning, Veeranatyam was a rite conducted in Shiva (Shaivite) temples as a tribute to Shiva. ​

Additional Information

• Eight Indian Classical Dances:
• Bharatnatyam Dance
• Kathakali Dance
• Kathak Dance
• Manipuri Dance
• Odissi Dance
• Kuchipudi Dance
• Sattriya Dance
• Mohiniyattam Dance

The correct answer is M N Roy.

Key Points 

• M. N. Roy was a renowned twentieth-century Indian philosopher.
• The Indian revolutionaries founded the Communist Party in Mexico in 1917.
• He was known as the "Father of Indian Communism" and was considered India's first revolutionary leader.
• Roy began his political career as a militant nationalist, believing in the worship of the bomb and the gun, as well as the need for an armed insurgency. He rose to prominence in the communist movement.
• During World War I, he was instrumental in obtaining guns from Germany for a rebellion in India.
• Later in life, he became a political exile, travelling to the United States, Mexico, Russia, and Germany under several pseudonyms and political variants.
• Roy joined the Indian National Congress after his release in 1936. Later in 1940, he abandoned the party due to Congress's reluctance to back the British in World War II.
• Roy founded the Indian Renaissance Institute in Dehradun in 1946 to further the Indian Renaissance Movement.

Additional Information

• A political party committed to advancing communism's social and economic objectives is referred to as a communist party.
• The ideology of communism favours vast universal social welfare.
• Theoretically, improvements in public health and education.
• The availability of child care, and social services provided under state direction.
• And the provision of social benefits will boost labour productivity and progress a society's growth.

The correct answer is Chamera Dam. 

Key Points

• Chamera Dam is built on the Ravi river.
• It is located near the town of Dalhousie, in the Chamba district in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India.
• The reservoir of the dam is Chamera Lake.

Additional Information

• Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh in northern India.
• The dam forms the Govind Sagar reservoir.
• The dam is located at a gorge near the (now submerged) upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh of height of 226 m.
• The Pandoh Dam is an embankment dam on the Beas River in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India.
• The Nathpa Jhakri Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej river in Himachal Pradesh, India.

The correct answer is 16^th May. 

Key Points

• Sikkim celebrates its statehood day on 16 May every year.
• It marks the day in 1975 when Sikkim transitioned to become the 22nd state of India from being a monarchy earlier.
• The Indo-Sikkimese treaty was signed in the year 1950.
• With this, Sikkim became a protectorate of India.
• Before this, the Namgyal dynasty ruled Sikkim till 1975.

Additional Information

• Sikkim: 
• Lok Sabha seats - 1.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 1.
• State Animal - Red panda.
• State Bird - Green imperial pigeon.
• National Park - Khangchendzonga National Park.

The correct answer is amino acids. 

Key Points

• In the context of nutrients, the terms ‘tyrosine’, ‘glycine’ and ‘ornithine’ are types of Amino acids.
• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
• More than 300 amino acids exist in nature but only 20 amino acids form proteins.
• The 20 amino acids are called 20 alphabets of bioprotein language.
• 20 types of amino acids form protein, protein is a heteropolymer.

Additional Information

• Types of Amino Acids
• Nonessential amino acids: These amino acids are produced naturally by the body and don’t matter the food you are having.
• The following are examples of nonessential amino acids:
• Alanine
• Asparagine
• Aspartic acid
• Glutamic acid
• Essential amino acids: These amino acids come from the food we eat. it can't be produced by the body.
• The following are essential amino acids:
• Histidine
• Isoleucine
• Leucine
• Lysine
• Methionine
• Phenylalanine
• Threonine
• Tryptophan
• Valine
• Conditional amino acids: These are usually not essential to everyday living but are important when you're sick, injured, or stressed.
• The following are Conditional amino acids :
• Arginine
• Cysteine
• Glutamine
• Tyrosine
• Glycine
• Ornithine
• Proline
• Serine

The correct answer is Arundhati Roy.

Key Points

• Azadi: Freedom. Fascism. Fiction the book is written by Arundhati Roy.
• Azadi is a collection of nine essays, some written for magazines and periodicals, and some delivered as public lectures between 2018 and 2020.
• The pieces offer strong criticism of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the network of forces associated with his regime.
• The essays cover mainly the contemporary political turbulence in India — mob lynching, attacks on minorities, the Kashmir problem, the crisis in Assam, demonetization, CAA-NPR-NRC, the arrest of activists, the conspiracy of Pulwama and Balakot attacks, and the mismanagement of the pandemic, among others.
• Arundhati Roy is a novelist, writer, and political activist.
• Her novel The God of Small Things won the Booker Prize in 1997.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Guru Arjun Dev. 

Key Points

• Guru Arjan Dev was the fifth guru of Sikhs.
• He also wrote the text Sukhmani Sahib.

Additional Information

• The ten Sikh Gurus responsible for the expansion of Sikhism are:
• Guru Nanak
• Guru Angad Dev
• Guru Amar Das
• Guru Ram Das
• Guru Arjun Dev
• Guru Hargobind
• Guru Har Rai
• Guru Har Kishan
• Guru Teg Bahadur
• Guru Gobind Singh

The correct answer is fungi.

Key Points

• Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, and their taxonomy.

Additional Information

The correct answer is National Human Rights Commission. 

Key Points

• NHRC stand for National Human Rights Commission.
• The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an entity of the Government of India.
• It works for the protection of human rights in the Country.
• It was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, and it is a statutory body.

Additional Information

• The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is composed of a Chairperson and other members is as follows.
• Chairman: A person who has been Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or a Judge of the Supreme Court will be the chairperson of the NHRC.
• First member: Judge of High court
• Second member: Judge of the Supreme Court
• Other Two members: Persons having knowledge in the matter of Human rights
• Special Invitee to Statutory Full Commission -  National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
• Deemed members: Chairpersons of the following commissions:

1. National Commission for Minorities
2. National Commission for STs
3. National Commission for SCs
4. National Commission for Women
5. National Commission for Backward Classes
6. Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities

The correct answer is Vembanad.

Key Points

• Vembanad Lake is also known as Vembanad Kayal, Vembanad Kol, Punnamada Lake and Kochi Lake (in Kochi).
• This is the largest lake in Kerala and the longest lake in India.
• This lake is Spanned in several districts of Kerala and covers a territory of more than 2033.02 km2.
• The lake has its source in four rivers, Meenachil, Achankovil, Pampa and Manimala.
• It is separated from the Arabian Sea by a narrow barrier island and is a popular backwater stretch in Kerala.
• The Government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under the National Wetlands Conservation Programme.
• Vallam Kali (i.e Nehru Trophy Boat Race) is a Snake Boat Race held every year in the month of August in Vembanad Lake.

Additional Information

• Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state.
• Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in state of Andhra Pradesh and forms the largest shallow freshwater lake in Asia.
• Loktak Lake is lake in Manipur.

The correct answer is Entamoeba. 

Key Points

• Amoebiasis or amoebic diarrhoea is a common parasitic infection of the intestine, caused by the Entamoeba group of amoeba.
• Amebiasis is an intestinal (bowel) illness caused by a microscopic (tiny) parasite called Entamoeba histolytica, which is spread through human feces.
• Entamoeba is a genus of Amoebozoa found as internal parasites or commensals of animals.

Additional Information

• Amoeba is a single-celled organisms belonging to the group protozoa.
• Amoeba has no definite shape, unlike other organisms.
• It keeps on changing its shape. various projections of varying lengths keep protruding out of its body. These are called pseudopodia (pseudo: false; podia: feet).
• These pseudopodia perform various functions like movement and locomotion, capturing prey (food), etc.

The correct answer is November.

Key Points

• Sangai festival is the biggest annual cultural festival organised by the Department of Tourism of Manipur every year.
• It is celebrated in November month.
• It is celebrated every year from 21 to 30 November.
• The old name of the Sangai festival is Tourism Festival.
• The festival has been renamed the Sangai festival from 2010 onwards.
• Since 2017, Sangai Festival events have been held at Mao Ukhrul, Keibul Lamjao, Khuman Lampak, Hapta Kangjeibung.

The correct answer is Bilhana.

Key Points

• Kashmiri poet Kavi Bilhana existed in the 11th century.
• His love poetry, Caurapancasika, is well renowned.
• King Vikramaditya VI of the Western Chalukya Empire appointed him as Vidyapathi.
• Bilhana honoured his patron by writing the epic Vikramankadevacharita in his honour.​

Additional Information

• Vakpati:
• He was a poet and author of the epic poem Gaudavah.
• Ballala:
• He was the last great king of the Hoysala Empire.
• Sandhyakar Nandi:
• He was a Sanskrit poet.
• He is considered to be the greatest poet of the Pala dynasty.
• He became famous for his Ramacharitam.

The correct answer is the Reserve Bank of India.

Key Points

• Every commercial bank in India is required by the RBI to keep a specific minimum amount of deposits as a reserve, which is known as the "cash reserve ratio" (CRR).
• The CRR shall be set in accordance with RBI guidelines.
• Cash Reserve Ratio ensures that a part of the bank’s deposit is with the Central Bank and is hence, secure.
• Controlling inflation is one of CRR's other goals.
• When there is significant economic inflation, the RBI increases the CRR to lower the amount of cash available to banks for loan approvals.
• It restricts the economy's ability to move money, which lowers investments and inflation.
• As per the current monetary policy announced on September 30, 2022:
• The repo rate stands at 4.00% and the reverse repo rate at 3.35%.
• The marginal standing facility (MSF) rate and the Bank Rate stand at 4.25%.
• The CRR rate and SLR rate stand at 4.50% and 18.00%.

The correct answer is Manganese.

Key Points

• Electrical resistivity is represented by the Greek letter ρ (rho).
• It is a measure of the resistance of a specific material of a given size, to the electrical current conduction that flows through it.
• The SI unit is expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm).
• Insulators have high values of electrical resistivity in the range of 1010 Ωm or more.
• Metal conductors have very small resistivity values in the range of  10-8 Ωm.
• Manganese:
• Chemically, manganese is represented by the letter Mn.
• It has the atomic number 25.
• It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal that is frequently found alongside iron in minerals.
• It is a transition metal.
• It has a low-temperature coefficient of resistance. As a result, it little alters with temperature.
• It has a very **high electrical resistance.**​
• Resistivity - 1.6×10-6 Ωm

Additional Information

• Iron:
• It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series.
• It is represented by symbol Fe and atomic number 26.
• Resistivity - 9.71 x10-8 Ωm
• Mercury:
• It is represented by symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
• It is also known as quicksilver.
• Resistivity - 98 x10-8Ωm
• Chromium:
• It is represented by symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
• It is the first element in group 6.
• It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard.
• Resistivity - 13 x10-8Ωm

The correct answer is Article 330.

Key Points

• According to article 330, Seats shall be reserved in the House of the People for —
• The Scheduled Castes;
• The Scheduled Tribes except for the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam;
• The Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam.
• The number of seats reserved in any State or Union territory for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes under clause (1) shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats allotted to that State 2 [or Union territory] in the House of the People as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the State or Union territory or of the Scheduled Tribes in the State or Union territory or part of the State or Union territory, as the case may be, in respect of which seats are so reserved, bears to the total population of the State or Union territory.
• Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2), the number of seats reserved in the House of the People for the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam shall bear to the total number of seats allotted to that State a proportion not less than the population of the Scheduled Tribes in the said autonomous districts bears to the total population of the State.

Additional Information

• Article 347:
• It is related to special provisions relating to the language spoken by a section of the population of a State.
• Article 285:
• It is related to the exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.
• Article 297:
• It is related to things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.

The correct answer is 6.

Key Points

• A language that has a substantial and lengthy corpus of written literature, as well as its own autonomous literary tradition, is said to be classical.
• Classical languages have advantages such as the establishment of study centres and the provision of international awards for its scholars.
• Six languages currently hold the designation of "Classical":
• Tamil (announced in 2004),
• Sanskrit (2005),
• Kannada (2008),
• Telugu (2008),
• Malayalam (2013), and
• Odia (2014).

Additional Information

• The criteria for designating a language as "Classical" are as follows:
• High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years;
• A body of ancient literature/texts, which is regarded as a priceless legacy by generations of speakers;
• The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community;
• The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots."

The correct answer is Ladakh.

Key Points

• The first-ever Food Processing Summit was held in Union Territory Ladakh in an effort to draw business to the area.
• The Ministry of Food Processing Industries, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and the UT Administration of Ladakh convened this summit.
• Ladakh has huge potential for investment in the food processing industries for agricultural items like buckwheat and barley as well as horticulture products like apricot, seabuckthorn, and apple.
• The purpose of the event was to inspire business owners to launch a StartUp to take advantage of the opportunities in Ladakh's food processing industries.

Important Points

• As of October 2022: 
• ​Minister of Food Processing Industries: Shri Pashu Pati Kumar Paras
• Ministers of State of Food Processing Industries: Shri Prahalad Singh Patel

The correct answer is Osmium.

Key Points

• The rarest stable element found in the crust of the Earth is osmium.
• Its atomic number is 76 and its symbol is Os.
• It belongs to the family of platinum transition metals and is glossy, blue-grey or blue-black.
• It is very hard and brittle and has a very high melting point (the fourth highest of all the elements).
• The densest naturally occurring element is osmium.
• It is frequently discovered in nature, either in its pure form or as an alloy, primarily in platinum ores.
• It is used to create extremely hard alloys for electrical contacts, instrument pivots, and fountain pen tips.
• It serves as a catalyst in the **chemical sector as well. **​

Additional Information

• Palladium:
• It is a chemical element with the atomic number 46 and the symbol Pd.
• It is a rare, gleaming silvery-white metal.
• Iridium:
• It is a chemical element with the atomic number 77 and the symbol Ir.
• It is a platinum group transition metal that is extremely hard, brittle, and silvery-white in color.
• It is regarded as the second-densest naturally occurring metal.
• Ruthenium:
• It is a chemical element with the atomic number 44 and the symbol Ru.
• It is a rare transition metal from the periodic table's platinum group.

The correct answer is Saryu.

Key Points

• The Goriganga, also known as the Sarda or Saryu river, rises in the Milam glacier of the Nepal Himalayas.
• It is known as Kali or Chauk as it joins the Ghaghara along the Indo-Nepal border.
• Before emptying into the Sharda River near Pancheshwar at the India–Nepal border, it passes through the cities of Kapkot, Bageshwar, and Seraghat.
• In Sitapur District, Uttar Pradesh, the Sharda River merges with the Ghaghara River.
• In India, Lower Ghaghara is also referred to as Sarayu.
• Particularly as it passes through Ayodhya, the city where Rama was born.
• The ancient Indian epic Ramayana makes numerous mentions of the **saryu river.**​

Additional Information

• Gomti:
• The Gomti River, is an alluvial river of the Ganga Plain and originates near Mainkot, from Gomat Taala lake also known as– 'Fulhar Jheel' in Uttar Pradesh.
• It is one of the Ganges' tributaries.
• It is believed that washing in the Gomti on Ekadashi can wash sins away because the river is thought to be the son of Rishi Vashishtha.
• Tons:
• The Tons river originates from the Ruinsara snout and flows through Garhwal, the western part of the Himalayan state of Uttaranchal, edging Himachal Pradesh.
• It is a Yamuna tributary that flows through Uttarakhand's Garhwal region and touches Himachal Pradesh.
• Karamnasa:
• It is one of the Ganges' tributaries.
• The Karmanasa originates at a height of 350 meters (1,150 ft) on the northern face of the Kaimur Range near Sarodag in the Kaimur district of Bihar.

The correct answer is Chandragupta Maurya.

Key Points

• Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire in the 4th century BC.
• The Indo-Gangetic Plain's conquest resulted in the centralization of the Maurya Empire.
• Its capital was Pataliputra.
• With the help of Chanakya, the author of Arthasastra, Chandragupta Maurya recruited an army.
• And in around 322 BCE, he conquered the Nanda Empire.
• By taking over the satrapies that Alexander the Great left behind, he quickly increased his power.
• By 317 BCE the empire had completely controlled northwest India.
• The Mauryan Empire later won the Seleucid-Mauryan conflict by defeating Seleucus I, a diadochus and the creator of the Seleucid Empire, and took over the region west of the Indus River.
• He ruled from 321 BC to 297 BC.
• He left the throne in favour of his son Bindusara and travelled to Karnataka with Bhadrabahu, a Jain monk.

Additional Information

• Ashoka:
• From roughly 268 to 232 BCE, he served as a monarch of the Indian Maurya Empire.
• Bindusara:
• He was India's second Mauryan emperor.
• He was the father of Ashoka, the dynasty's most well-known ruler, and the son of Chandragupta, the dynasty's founder.
• Brihadratha Maurya:
• He was the last ruler of the Mauryan Empire.
• He ruled from 187 to 185 BCE

The correct answer is sulphur.

Key Points

• With an atomic number of 47 and the chemical symbol Ag, silver is a chemical element.
• It is a smooth, white transition metal that is lustrous.
• It is the metal with the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity.
• Silver ultimately turns black if it is exposed to air.
• A film of silver sulphide, which is black in colour, is created when the silver metal combines with the sulphur in the air.
• Silver sulfide is insoluble in all **solvents. **​

Additional Information

• Nitrogen:
• It has the symbol N and the atomic number 7.
• It is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table.
• Hydrogen:
• It has the symbol H and atomic number 1.
• Hydrogen is the lightest element.
• Carbon dioxide:
• It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms.

The correct answer is Corporation Bank.

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India announced through a circular that the massive merger of 10 PSBs will go into effect on April 1, 2020, the first day of the next fiscal year.
• Beginning on April 1, 2020, all Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank branches will function as Union Bank of India branches.
• Customers of Corporation Bank and Andhra Bank, as well as their depositors, will be regarded as Union Bank of India clients.
• Union Bank of India
• Founded: 11 November 1919
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Current CEO: Ms. A. Manimekhalai

Additional Information

• All Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank of India branches will function as Punjab National Bank branches beginning on April 1, 2020.
• Customers of United Bank of India and Oriental Bank of Commerce, as well as their depositors, would also be treated as Punjab National Bank clients.
• Punjab National Bank
• Founded: 19 May 1894
• Headquarters: Delhi, India
• MD & CEO: Atul Kumar Goel
• All of Allahabad Bank's branches will function as Indian Bank branches beginning on April 1, 2020.
• Customers of Allahabad Bank, including its depositors, would also be treated as such by Indian Bank.
• Indian Bank
• • Founded: 15 August 1907
• Headquarters: Chennai
• CEO: Shri Shanti Lal Jain
• All Syndicate Bank branches will function as Canara Bank branches beginning on April 1, 2020.
• Customers of Syndicate Bank, including their depositors, will also be treated as Canara Bank clients.
• Canara Bank:
• Founded: 1 July 1906
• Headquarters: Bengaluru
• CEO: Lingam Venkat Prabhakar

The correct answer is glucose.

Key Points

• The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate within a cell's cytoplasm is known as glycolysis.
• During aerobic conditions, pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria where it joins the citric acid cycle and produces reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH2.
• The electron transport chain then receives these reducing equivalents, which results in the creation of 32 ATP per molecule of glucose.
• Because the electron transport chain requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor, inadequate tissue oxygenation inhibits the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
• Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate has a different fate.
• Instead of entering mitochondria, the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate.
• The regeneration of NAD+ from NADH is also made possible by this process.
• An oxidizing cofactor called NAD+ is required to keep the flow of glucose through glycolysis going.
• Glycolysis produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule, and thus provides a direct means of producing energy in the absence of oxygen.
• This process of breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen is aptly named anaerobic glycolysis.

Additional Information

• Lactic acid:
• Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells.
• It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low.
• Fructose:
• Fructose is a type of sugar known as a monosaccharide.
• Citric acid:
• Citric acid is a weak acid that is found naturally in all citrus fruits.

The correct answer is Jahangir.

Key Points

• The fourth Mughal Emperor was Jahangir.
• From 1605 until his death in 1627, he was in power.
• Salim Chishti, an Indian Sufi saint, is the inspiration for his name.
• Jahangir wed Noor Jahan, the widowed daughter of his wazir Ghiyas Beg.
• He also gave his father-in-law the title of Itmad-ud-daula, or "Pillar of the Empire."
• Soon after getting married, Nur Jahan established her own group, which she called Nur Jahan's Junta.
• Along with herself, it included her mother Asmat Begum, father Itimad-ud-daula, and prince Khurram.
• Each person in this group was intelligent and had important positions in the government.

Additional Information

• Bahadur Shah-II:
• He was the twentieth and last Mughal Emperor.
• He was also an Urdu poet.
• Humayun:
• He was the second Mughal emperor, in charge from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556.
• His domain included what are now Eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, and Bangladesh.
• Shah Alam-I:
• Bahadur Shah I was also known as Shah Alam I.
• He was the 7th Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• The Gujarat government and Cerestra Managers Private Limited entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish the Gujarat-Special Education Region (G-SER) at the Dholera Special Investment Region.
• The G-SER will be built as a 1,000-acre education hub with room for expansion to 5,000 acres.
• This will also feature student housing and athletic facilities.
• The state's economic growth will be accelerated by investment in the G-SER project, which will also lead to job possibilities.
• Dholera SIR is a greenfield industrial city being developed around 100 km from Ahmedabad along the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor.
• Dholera is the first greenfield industrial city to be built to support Industry 4.0.

The correct answer is Jagar.

Key Points

• The well-known folk singer from Uttarakhand is Basanti Devi Bisht.
• She gained notoriety for being the first female performer of Uttarakhand's Jagar folk style.
• The Jagar form of singing is a way of invoking deities.
• The song is often sung by men, but Basanti Bisht broke the mold and is now a well-known singer.
• In 2017, she received the **Padma Shri honor.**​

Additional Information

• Chhura:
• Chhura of Uttarakhand is a beautifully written and widely popular folk song for shepherds.
• Bajuband:
• It is also known as armband is acknowledged to grace the bride with a sense of pride and confidence.
• Choopati:
• Chhopati of Uttarakhand is one of the finest romantic folk songs sung by men and women.

The correct answer is Garavi Gujarat.

Key Points

• Newspaper editor and journalist Ramniklal Solanki was an Indian-British.
• The Eastern Eye newspaper was founded by him.
• He was also the founder and editor-in-chief of Garavi Gujarat newsweekly and Asian Media Group (AMG).
• The Queen honored him by bestowing upon him **an OBE in 1997 and a CBE in 2007.**​​

Additional Information

• Indian Mirror:
• Indian mirror was published in Calcutta, West Bengal.
• It was started by Devendra Nath Tagore in 1862.