SSC Steno 2020 Official Paper (Held on: 24 Dec 2020 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Given equation:

25 + 14 × 63 - 870 ÷ 29 = 383

BODMAS Rule:

Interchanging the signs and using BODMAS rule:

1. • and -

25 + 14 × 63 - 870 ÷ 29 = 383

Interchanging + and -

25 - 14 × 63 + 870 ÷ 29 

25 - 14 × 63 + 30 

25 - 882 + 30

55 - 882

• 827  ≠ 383

2) × and -

25 + 14 × 63 - 870 ÷ 29 = 383

Interchanging × and -

25 + 14 - 63 × 870 ÷ 29 

25 + 14 - 63 × 30

25 + 14 - 1890

39 - 1890

• 1851 ≠ 383

3) - and ÷ 

25 + 14 × 63 - 870 ÷ 29 = 383

Interchanging - and ÷ 

25 + 14 × 63 ÷ 870 - 29

25 + 14 × 0.072 - 29

25 + 1.008 - 29

26.008 - 29

• 2.992  ≠ 383

4) × and +

25 + 14 × 63 - 870 ÷ 29 = 383

Interchanging × and +

25 × 14 + 63 - 870 ÷ 29

25 × 14 + 63 - 30

350 + 63 - 30

413 - 30

383 = 383

Hence, the correct answer is "× and +".

The given classes are mammals, human beings and engineers.

Their relationship is:

(i) All human beings are mammals

(ii) All engineers are human beings.

So, the Venn diagram that best represents the relationship among Mammals, human beings and engineers is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed in each option is:

So, all the letter - clusters except WADH follow a similar pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "WADH".

The pattern followed in each option is

So, all the letter - clusters follow a similar pattern except CKXQ.

Hence, the correct answer is "CKXQ".

The pattern followed in the series is:

Hence, the correct answer is "CWX".

The logic followed here is:

28 × 1 - 1 = 28 - 1 = 27

27 × 2 - 2 = 54 - 2 = 52

52 × 3 - 3 = 156 - 3 = 153

153 × 4 - 4 = 612 - 4 = 608

Hence, the correct answer is "608".

The pattern followed here is:

The upper shapes are moving in anti clockwise direction

The line is alternately appearing and disappearing

The bottom shapes are moving in clockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is:

Conclusions:

I. Some equipments are fans. → True (It is definitely true as some fans are coolers and all coolers are equipment, the fans which are coolers are also equipment.)

II. Some mobiles are fans. → False (Since no direct relation given between mobiles and fans, it is possible but not definite. Hence, false.)

III. No equipment is fan and cooler both → False (It is definitely false as in the diagram some equipment are fan and cooler both)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

Additional Information

The pattern followed is:

The symbol at the top left corner moves to the bottom right corner.

The symbol at the bottom right corner moves to the center.

The symbol at the center moves to the bottom left corner.

The symbol at the bottom left corner moves to the top right corner.

The symbol at the top right corner moves to the top left corner.

     

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given equation:

17 - 8 + 2 × 6 ÷ 3 = 3

BODMAS Rule:

1) × and +; 17 and 8

17 - 8 + 2 × 6 ÷ 3 = 3

Interchanging and using BODMAS rule:

8 - 17 + 2 ÷ 6 × 3 

8 - 17 + 0.33 × 3

8 - 17 + 1

9 - 17

• 8 ≠ 3

2) × and -; 8 and 6

17 - 8 + 2 × 6 ÷ 3 = 3

Interchanging and using BODMAS rule:

17 × 6 + 2 - 8 ÷ 3 

17 × 6 + 2 - 2.67

102 + 2 - 2.67

104 - 2.67

101.33 ≠ 3

3) + and ×, 2 and 8

17 - 8 + 2 × 6 ÷ 3 = 3

Interchanging and using BODMAS rule:

17 - 2 × 8 + 6 ÷ 3 

17 - 2 × 8 + 2

17 - 16 + 2

19 - 16

3 = 3

4) - and +, 6 and 3

17 - 8 + 2 × 6 ÷ 3 = 3

Interchanging and using BODMAS rule:

17 + 8 - 2 × 3 ÷ 6

17 + 8 - 2 × 0.5

17 + 8 - 1

25 - 1

24 ≠ 3

Hence, the correct answer is "+ and ×, 2 and 8**"**.

The given series is an alternate series.

The logic followed is:

Hence, the correct answer is "59, 46".

Symbols used to draw family tree:

Drawing the family tree according to the given information,

From the given statements, the wrong statement is 'Yashwant, Priyank and Gaurav are the sons of Bhuvan'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Yashwant, Priyank and Gaurav are the sons of Bhuvan".

Given,

The current age of A is 10 years more than that of B.

A = B + 10

B = A - 10

Let the current age of A be x.

⇒ Current age of B = x - 10

Given,

Before 4 years, the age of A was twice the age of B.

A - 4 = 2 (B - 4)

x - 4 = 2(x - 10 - 4)

x - 4 = 2(x - 14)

x - 4 = 2x - 28

2x - x = 28 - 4

x = 24

So, the present age of A = 24

Given, 

After 6 years, the age of C will be twice the age of A.

Let the present age of C be C.

C + 6 = 2(A + 6)

C + 6 = 2 (24 + 6)

C + 6 = 2(30)

C + 6 = 60

C = 60 - 6

C = 54

So, the present age of C is 54.

Hence, the correct answer is "54".

The logic follows here is :

Given equation → 45 ÷ 5 + 15 × 6 - 14 = 78

(I). 45 ÷ 5 + 15 × 6 - 14 = 78

Interchanging (14 and 15) and applying BODMAS rule,

45 ÷ 5 + 14 × 6 - 15 = 78

9 + 14 × 6 - 15 = 78

9 + 84 - 15 = 78

93 - 15 = 78

78 = 78.

LHS = RHS.

(II). 45 ÷ 5 + 15 × 6 - 14 = 78

Interchanging (5 and 15) and applying BODMAS rule,

45 ÷ 15 + 5 × 6 - 14 = 78

3 + 5 × 6 - 14 = 78

3 + 30 - 14 = 78

33 - 14 = 78

19 ≠ 78.

LHS ≠ RHS.

(III). 45 ÷ 5 + 15 × 6 - 14 = 78

Interchanging (5 and 6) and applying BODMAS rule,

45 ÷ 6 + 15 × 5 - 14 = 78

7.5 + 15 × 5 - 14 = 78

7.5 + 75 -14 = 78

82.5 - 14 = 78

68.5 ≠ 78.

LHS ≠ RHS.

(IV). 45 ÷ 5 + 15 × 6 - 14 = 78

Interchanging (45 and 15) and applying BODMAS rule,

15 ÷ 5 + 45 × 6 - 14 = 78

3 + 45 × 6 - 14 = 78

3 + 270 -14 = 78

273 - 14 = 78

259 ≠ 78.

LHS ≠ RHS.

Hence, the correct answer is **"**14 and 15".

The logic follows here is :

Column wise :

Third term = (√ First term) + (Second term ÷ 2)

First Column → 16, 50, 29

(√16) + (50 ÷ 2) = 4 + 25 = 29.

Second Column → 36, 42, 27 

(√36) + (42 ÷ 2) = 6 + 21 = 27.

Third Column → 81, 60, ?

? = (√81) + (60 ÷ 2) = 9 + 30 = 39.

Hence, the correct answer is "39".

According to the given information :

Distance between points A and B = AB

AB = (40 + 25 + 45) m.

AB = 110 m.

Hence, the correct answer is "110 m".

The given figure can be observed in the following figure :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

According to the given information :

Finally, Neerav is facing North-East.

Hence, the correct answer is "Northeast".

Alternate Method

The initial direction is Southeast.

Consider clockwise as (+) and anti-clockwise as (-).

The series of turns is as follows : 

135^∘ clockwise →  90^∘ anti-clockwise → 225^∘ clockwise

(+ 135∘) + (- 90∘) + (+ 225∘) = 135∘ -  90∘ + 225∘ = 270^∘ 

The value is positive, means it is clockwise.

270^∘ clockwise from Southeast will be Northeast.

OR

(360^∘ - 270^∘) = 90^∘ anti-clockwise.

90∘ anti-clockwise from Southeast will be Northeast.  

Hence, the correct answer is "Northeast".

The logic follows here is :

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "ALYWRE".

According to the given information :

Shortest distance between office and home = OP = 290 m.

OQ = 120 + 80 = 200 m.

PQ = A + B.

In right angled ΔOPQ, by Pythagoras Theorem :

(OP)² = (OQ)² + (PQ)²

290² = 200² + (A + B)²

84100 = 40000 + (A + B)2

84100 - 40000 =  (A + B)2

44100 = (A + B)2

(A + B) = √44100

(A + B) = 210. 

Hence, the correct answer is "210 m".

Given that :

Price of P = Rs. 70

Price of U is four times that of P

U = 4P = 4 × 70 = Rs. 280

Price of P is 3.5 times that of R

P = 3.5R

R = P/3.5

R = 70/3.5 = Rs. 20

Price of R = Price of S

Price of T is twice the price of R

T = 2R

T = 2 × 20 = Rs. 40

Price of Q is 1.5 times that of T

Q = 1.5T = 1.5 × 40 = Rs. 60.

Hence, the correct answer is "Rs. 60".

Family Chart :

Given codes are as follows :

 

Family Tree :

(I). Q % R # P

Q is the mother of P.

(II). R # Q % P

Q is the mother of P.

(III). P # R % Q

P is Q's mother's sister (P is the maternal aunt of Q).

(IV). P % R # Q

P is Q's mother.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The pattern follows here is :

Vowels are changing to next vowel.

Hence, the correct answer is "UXC".

According to the given information :

(I) 84 * 8 * 5 * 435 * 15 * 73

Replacing * with -, ×, +, ÷, = and using BODMAS rule,

84 - 8 × 5 + 435 ÷ 15 = 73

84 - 8 × 5 + 29 = 73

84 - 40 + 29 = 73

113 - 40 = 73

73 = 73

LHS = RHS.

(II). 84 * 15 * 5 * 435 * 8 * 73

Replacing * with -, ×, +, ÷, = and using BODMAS rule,

84 - 15 × 5 + 435 ÷ 8 = 73

84 - 15 × 5 + 54.375 = 73

84 - 75 + 54.375 = 73

138.375 - 75 = 73

63.375 ≠ 73

LHS ≠ RHS.

(III). 84 * 8 * 15 * 435 * 5 * 73

Replacing * with -, ×, +, ÷, = and using BODMAS rule,

84 - 8 × 15 + 435 ÷ 5 = 73

84 - 8 × 15 + 87 = 73

84 - 120 + 87 = 73

171 -120 = 73

51 ≠ 73

LHS ≠ RHS.

(IV). 73 * 8 * 5 * 435 * 15 * 84

Replacing * with -, ×, +, ÷, = and using BODMAS rule,

73 - 8 × 5 + 435 ÷ 15 = 84

73 - 8 × 5 + 29 = 84

73 - 40 + 29 = 84

102 - 40 = 84

62 ≠ 73

LHS ≠ RHS.

Hence, the correct answer is **"**84 * 8 * 5 * 435 * 15 * 73".

The logic follows here is :

Column wise :

Third term = {(First term - Second term) ÷ 2}² 

First column → 27, 15, 36

{(27 - 15) ÷ 2}² = (12 ÷ 2)² = 6² = 36.

Second column → 30, 14, 64

{(30 - 14) ÷ 2}2 = (16 ÷ 2)2 = 82 = 64.

Third column → 40, 22, ?

? = {(40 - 22) ÷ 2}2 = (18 ÷ 2)2 = 92 = 81.

Hence, the correct answer is "81".

The logic follows here is :

First four letters written in reverse order, Middle letter is written as positional opposite (reverse) and again next four letters written in reverse order.

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "UNOMNSTNE".

The logic follows here is:

3rd number / 1st number * 6 = 2nd number

First Row → 7, 18, 21

21 / 7 * 6 = 18

Second Row → 20, 15, 50

50 / 20 * 6 = 15

Third Row → ?, 42, 98

98 / ? * 6 = 42

98 / ? =  42 / 6 = 7

? = 98 / 7

? = 14

Hence, the correct answer is "14".

Arranging to the given information :

Eight houses A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, four houses are situated at the corners of a square-shaped garden.

The remaining four houses are situated in the middle of each side of the square. All houses face the centre of the square.

1) B and F are in the middle of the two sides facing each other.

2) F is to the immediate left of G.

3) D is to the immediate left of C, which is to the immediate left of F.

4. B is between A and H.

5) D is not adjacent to H.

So, four houses  A, H, G, and C are situated at the corners.

Hence, the correct answer is "A, C, G, and H".

Arranging according to the given information :

Six friends A, B, C, D, E, and F are sitting around a circular table.

1)  C is third to the right of E.

2)  D is sitting to the immediate left of E.

3) B is sitting to the immediate left of D.

4. A is between C and F.

So, F is sitting between A and E.

Hence, the correct answer is "F".

The logic follows here is:-

The given sequence is of crop harvesting.

3. First of all, the seed is sowed.

4. Then irrigation is done.

5. After that crop is cut.

6. It is sold in the market.

7. Then finally, it is available for consuming.

So, the meaningful sequence will be Seed sowing - Irrigation - Crop cutting - Selling - Consuming.

Hence, the correct answer is "3, 5, 2, 4, 1".

The logic follows here is:-

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "261514211351420".

According to the given information :

Six subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, Hindi, and English are taught from Monday to Saturday. 

1) Physics and Ecology are taught on Tuesday and Wednesday respectively.

 

2) Hindi is taught just after Ecology and just before English.

 

3. Biology is taught after English.

 

So, Chemistry subject is taught on Monday.

Hence, the correct answer is "Chemistry".

The logic follows here is:-

Each term is increasing by the multiplication of the natural number.

Hence, the correct answer is "168".

The least possible Venn diagram as per the given statements as follow:

Conclusions:

I. Some radios are cupboards → True (As all chairs are cupboards and some chairs are radios given so some radios are chairs. It is definitely true)

II. Some cupboards are not piano → True (As all chairs are cupboards and no chair is piano it means some cupboards are not piano it is definitely true)

III. Some radios are not piano → True (As some chairs are radios and no chair is piano it means some radios are not piano it is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "All of the conclusions follow".

Additional Information

When the paper is unfolded it will appear like:-

Thus, answer is the figure given below

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The least possible Venn diagram 

Conclusions:

I. No boat is rod → False (There is no direct relation given so it can be possible but not definite)

II. Some rods are ships → True (as some ships are rods it means some rods are ships it is definitely true)

III. Some rods are not boats → True (as no boats are ships and some ships are rods it means some rods are not boats it is definitely true) 

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions II and III follows". 

Additional Information

The logic follows here is:-

1st letter is increasing by 7.

2nd letter is decreasing by 3.

3rd letter is increasing by 4.

Hence, the correct answer is "LBX".

Given: 26th of March, 2006 is on Sunday.

The logic followed here is:

 

Code for weekdays:

 

Total days between 26th March 2006 to 26th March 2004 is 2 (A simple Years have Number of odd days = 1).

Total number of days = 1 + 1 = 2

So, Sunday - 2 = Friday.

26th March 2004 = Friday.

Hencem, the correct answer is "Friday".

The logic follows here is:-

Product of 2 digits of 1st number and to get 2nd number.

For

65 : 30 → 6 × 5 → 30 (2nd number)

Similarly,

78 : ? → 7 × 8 → 56 (4th number)

So. '56' is related to the 3rd term in the same way the 2nd number is related to the 1st number.

Hence, the correct answer is "56".

The pattern follows here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "47".

Alternate Method

All the numbers in the given series are Prime Numbers. So the missing number must be a Prime Number.

Only 47 in the option is a Prime number, so 47 is the correct answer.

Hence, the correct answer is "47".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at 'MN' is

Hence, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

In a mirror image Left changes to right and the right changes to left vice-versa.

When placement of mirror not given, By default we will assume it in Vertical direction.

The Letter adjacent to the mirror after the mirror image will adjacent to it just with the left change to right and right change to left vice-versa.

The starting letter of the word will be at last after the mirror image drawn with left changes to right and right changes to left.

According to the sequence in the dictionary: 

The correct order of the given words is:

4. Masculine 2. Masonry 3. Massage 5. Massive

1. Master

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 2, 3, 5, 1". 

Additional Information

1. First of all, check the common letter in all.
2. Arrange them according to the alphabet they come first. 
3. When common letters are arranged, then go for the rest.

Members: S, Z, R, H, P, U, M

Let us first decode the symbols and then draw a family tree.

 

Given equation → S + Z - R ÷ H - P + U × M

Family Chart,

Family tree according to the given information,

From the family tree,

U is the son of H and P, not S.

Thus U is the son of S is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic follows here is:

Milk doesn't have a fixed shape but it has the fixed volume as of Liquid.

Particles of the milk are free to move over each other but are still attracted to each other as a liquid.

Thus all the milk will be liquid and will come inside the circle of liquid.

But,

Solid are the different states of matter.

They have a fixed shape.

Fixed volume.

Strong intermolecular forces.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given statements:T > S > K = Y > E = L < V = W

Options:

I. E < K → True (K = Y > E → thus clear relation between E and K, where K > E is definite).

II. E > T → False (T > S > K = Y > E → thus clear relation between E and T, where E < T).

iii) L < K → True (K = Y > E = L → thus clear relation between E and K, where K > E is definite).

iv) T > Y → True (T > S > K = Y → thus clear relation between T and Y, where T > Y is definite).

Thus only E > T is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

According to the sequence in the dictionary: 

The correct order of the given words is:

5. Catalysis 4. Catatonic 3. Category 2. Catering 1. Cattle

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 4, 3, 2, 1". 

Additional Information

1. First of all, check the common letter in all.
2. Arrange them according to the alphabet they come first. 
3. When common letters are arranged, then go for the rest.

The pattern follows here is:

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "BIWRIW".

There is a total of 170 students in a class.

Out of which 155 students participate in one or more of the three classes: Guitar, Drum, and Violin.

170 - 155 = 15 students who didn't participate in any of the activities.

54 students participate in the Drum class only.

43 students participate in Violin class only.

5 students participate in all three classes.

Total 21 students participate in any and only two of three classes.

Using the above information and drawing the Venn diagram we get.

As the given total of 21 students participates in any and only two of three classes.

A + B + C = 21

54 + 5 + 43 + X + (A + B + C) = 155

102 + 21 + X = 155

X = 155 - 123

X = 32.

Hence, the correct answer is "32".

According to the given information:

Code for food is "zar".

Code for Is is "rar".

From the 2nd statement, we left with tasty, so the code for tasty is "gar".

Hence, the correct answer is "gar".

The pattern follows here is:

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "PGQYF".

The correct answer is James Augustus Hicky

The First Newspaper of India Hickey's Bengal Gazette was published in Calcutta in 1780.

Important Points

• Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India.
• It was the first newspaper printed in Asia and was published for two years, between 1780 and 1782, before the East India Company seized the newspaper's types and printing press.
• Founded by James Augustus Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of Governor-General Warren Hastings.
• The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism and its fight for free expression in India.

Additional Information

Some important newspapers and journals are- 

The correct answer is Nagaland

• Culture is defined as the learned and shared behaviours, beliefs, attitudes, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society.
• Ethnicity is the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition

Additional Information

• Nagaland has formed the 16th state of India on 1 December 1963.
• 70% of the state's economy is based on agriculture activity and other important economic activities of the state are forestry, tourism, insurance, real estate, and miscellaneous cottage industries.
• In Nagaland legislature held 60 seats and one seat for Lok sabha and also one seat for Rajya sabha.
• Kohima is the capital city of Nagaland.
• Dimapur is the largest city in Nagaland.
• After independence, the area of Nagaland was a part of the province of Assam.

The correct answer is The Palace of Illusions.

• Indian-American author Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's' other book is ‘The Last Queen’ on Rani Jindan Kaur.
• The Last Queen will be released by HarperCollins India in January 2021.

Important Points

• The famous epic Mahabharata was written by the sage Veda Vyasa.
• It is believed that only Lord Ganesha could write the tale of Mahabharata as said by Lord Brahma, so Maharishi Veda Vyasa asked him to write the tale as dictated by him.
• It is considered as the longest poem ever written.
• Mahabharata and Ramayana are the 2 major Sanskrit epics of ancient India.

The correct answer is Tigon.

Tigon or Tiglon is the offspring of a female lion and a male tiger.

The correct answer is acrophobia

Intense fear of heights that can cause significant anxiety and panic is described in Acrophobia.

Important Points

The correct answer is Jay Oza

Key Points

• The 65th Filmfare Awards were held on 15 Feb 2020 at Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, Guwahati, Assam.
• Gully Boy, directed by Zoya Akhtar, was awarded the Best Film.
• Ranveer Singh received Best Actor in a Leading Role for Gully Boy.
• Alia Bhatt was awarded Best Actress in a Leading Role for Gully Boy.
• Zoya Akhtar was awarded Best Director for Gully Boy.
• Critics Best Film was awarded to Article 15 and Sonchiriya.
• Critics Best Actor in a Leading Role was awarded to Ayushmann Khurrana for Article 15.
• Critics Best Actress in a Leading Role was awarded to Bhumi Pednekar and Taapsee Pannu for Saand Ki Aankh.
• Best Playback Singer Male was awarded to Arijit Singh, while Best Playback Singer Female was awarded to Shilpa Rao.

The correct answer is Jaipur City, Rajasthan

• The historic walled city of Jaipur in Rajasthan was founded under the patronage of Sawai Jai Singh II.
• It was founded in 1727 AD.
• It is also known as the Pink City
• Famous tourist spots include Hawa Mahal, Jaigarh Fort, Jal Mahal, City Palace, Jantar Mantar, Nahargarh Fort, and Amer Fort.

Additional Information

• A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
• World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific, or other forms of significance.
• The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity.

Key Points

• UNESCO's HQ- Paris, France (Feb 2021)
• UNESCO's DG- Audrey Azoulay
• Rajasthan's CM- Ashok Gehlot
• Rajasthan's Governor- Kalraj Mishra
• Rajasthan's Capital- Jaipur

The correct answer is Puthari

• Puthari is the harvest festival of the people of the Kodava tribes.
• Puthari is celebrated in North Malabar rice bracket paddy crop harvest in the month of September to November.
• Puthari is celebrated for the new crop of rice.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Parasite

Important Points

• The Academy Awards, more popularly known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry.
• These awards are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).
• 91st Academy Awards (Oscars 2019) was announced in January 2019:
• Best Director Award at Oscars 2019: Alfonso Cuaron for Roma movie
• Spike Lee, best director nominee of 2019 for BlacKkKlansman.
• Adam Mckay, best director nominee of 2019 for Vice.
• 92nd Academy Awards (Oscars 2020) was announced in January 2020.
• Best Director Award at Oscars 2020: Bong Joon-ho – Parasite.

The correct answer is Raghunath Rao

Important Points

• The first Anglo-Maratha war(1775-82) was started with the Treaty of Surat in 1775. It was signed in Bombay.
• According to this treaty, the Raghunath Rao will be helped by the English. The English will send 2500 soldiers to help Rao to become Peshwa.
• In return, the English wanted that Rao should surrender Bassein and Salsetteto to them. And also to give revenues from Bharuch and Surat.
• He was born in 1734 in Satara. He was preceded by Narayanrao and succeeded by Madhavarao Narayan.
• The war ended with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.

The correct answer is Gujarat

Important Points

• The Sudarshana lake in Gujarat was built during the rule of the Mauryas.
• Sudarshana Lake was an artificial reservoir.
• We know about it from a rock inscription second century CE) in Sanskrit, composed to record the achievements of the Shaka ruler Rudradaman.
• The inscription mentions that the lake, with embankments and water channels, was built by a local government during the rule of the Mauryas.
• However, a terrible storm broke the embankments and water gushed out of the lake.
• Rudradaman, who was then ruling in the area, claimed to have got the lake repaired using his own resources, without imposing any tax on his subjects.

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points 

• In recent years, this 75-mile stretch on the Bangladeshi coast i.e Cox's Bazar beach, the world's longest 'natural sand' beach, has attracted massive amounts of development across its three major beaches: Laboni, Humchari, and Inani beach.

Additional Information

• Cox's Bazar has become a major international tourist destination in Bangladesh because of quiet sunsets, and fine white sands.
• President of Bangladesh- Mohammed Shahabuddin (Feb 2023)
• Prime Minister- Sheikh Hasina
• Capital- Dhaka
• Currency- Taka

The correct answer is Nepalese Sherpa

Nepalese Sherpa is the person who climbed Mount Everest for a record 24th time in May 2019.

• The new height of Mount Everest is 8,848.86m (29,032 ft).
• Nepal and China have jointly announced that the world's highest mountain, Mount Everest, is 0.86m higher than previously officially calculated.

Additional Information

• It was first claimed by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
• Premlata Agrawal is the first Indian woman to scale all Seven Summits in different continents.
• Bachendri Pal was the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
• Arunima Sinha is the world's first female amputee to climb Mount Everest and other peaks

The correct answer is 3mm

The ozone layer over the earth's surface is approximately 3mm thick.

Additional Information

• The ozone layer is found in the upper part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere.
• It acts as a shield absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
• UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since the DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays, and it's high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules.
• The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU).
• Ozone gas is continuously formed by the action of UV rays on molecular oxygen and also degraded into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere.
• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty, was agreed on 16th September 1987, and entered into force on 1st January 1989, designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
• International Day for the preservation of Ozone Layer is celebrated on 16th September every year.

The correct answer is Nyishi

Boori-Boot Yullo is a festival celebrated by the Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.

Important Points

• Arunachal Pradesh was made a full-fledged state by the 55th Constitutional Amendment Act.
• It grants Statehood to Arunachal Pradesh which consequently became the 24th State of the Indian Union.
• What is now Arunachal Pradesh was established as the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) in 1954.
• NEFA was renamed Arunachal Pradesh on 20 January 1972, and it became a Union Territory.
• Arunachal Pradesh became a state on 20 February 1987.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1919

Mahatma Gandhi gave a call for satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in 1919.

Important Points

• The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act or Black Act, was a legislative council act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi in March 1919.
• Act indefinitely extended the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, incarceration without trial
• It was the Rowlatt Act which brought Gandhi to the mainstream of Indian struggle for independence and ushered in the Gandhi Era of Indian politics.
• Gandhi, who had formed a Satyagraha sabha against the Rowlatt act called for a country-wide protest.
• Throughout the country, 6 April 1919 was observed as a National Humiliation Day.

Additional Information

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi:

• Mahatma Gandhi, by name of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, (born October 2, 1869, Porbandar, India—died January 30, 1948, Delhi).
• He was a lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India.

The correct answer is Allahabad Bank

• Allahabad Bank was merged with Indian Bank from April 1, 2020.

Important Points

• The government plans to merge 10 public sector banks into 4.
• The number of nationalized banks in the country becomes 27 in 2017 to 12 at present.
• In a first three-way amalgamation, Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank will merge with Bank of Baroda (BoB) from April 1, 2019, to create the third-largest lender of the country.

Additional Information

• New mergers include:
• Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, and the United Bank of India will combine to form the nation’s second-largest lender. Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank.
• Union Bank of India will amalgamate with Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank.

The correct answer is Quila Gobindgarh

Quila Gobindgarh fort is located at Amritsar, Punjab

Key Points

Punjab:

• Lok Sabha seats - 13.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 7.
• Number of Districts - 22.
• State Animal - Blackbuck.
• State Bird - Northern goshawk.
• Dam - Ranjit Sagar Dam (Ravi River).
• Registered GI - Phulkari, Basmati

The correct answer is Green Revolution

The concept of Minimum Support Price (MSP) for crops was announced for the first time by the Government of India after the Green Revolution

Important Points

• Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs announces Minimum Support Price.
• MSP is announced on the basis of recommendations given by the Commission on Agricultural Costs and Price (CACP).
• In formulating the recommendations for MSP, CACP considers a number of things like the cost of production, input-output price parity, demand, and supply, etc.
• MSP is a kind of insurance that the government provides to farmers in case of a bumper production of a crop and a fall in prices.
• The government is bound to buy the crop at MSP from farmers if the price of the crop falls critically due to excessive supply.
• Pricing for sugarcane is governed under Sugarcane (control) order, 1997, and Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) is provided for it.
• Currently, MSP is provided for 14 Kharif crops, 6 Rabi crops, and 2 other commercial crops while FRP is provided for Sugarcane.

Additional Information 

• The green revolution is referred to as a period when Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technologies.
• Indian agriculture made a transition from old and manual methods and new, innovative and technological methods.
• It included the use of products like high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers which were either not used or used on a very limited scale.
• The Indian Green Revolution was the brainchild of M.S. Swaminathan.
• The Indian Green Revolution was a part of the larger and global Green Revolution started by Norman Borlaug.
• Norman Borlaug is called the “Father of Green Revolution”.
• Norman Borlaug has also conferred the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contribution in saving over 1 billion people worldwide from dying of starvation.
• The revolution led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is XVII

Part 17 of the Constitution of India which includes Articles 343 to Article 351 has provisions dealing with the official language of India.

Additional Information

• Parts of the constitution:
• It is nothing but a group of articles formed in a single format.
• In our constitution, there are 22 parts.
• The following tables show the various parts  & articles of the Indian constitution with the respective descriptions.  

The correct answer is Baji Rao II.

Key Points

• The last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire was Baji Rao II.
• Baji Rao II, the son of the former Peshwa Raghunathpur, was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire and ruled from 1795 to 1818.
• Nana Sahib, also known as Dhondup Pant, was the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire, Nana Sahib led the rebellion in Kanpur by motivating the rebels against British rule.

The correct answer is 1992

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was established in the year April 12, 1992

Important Points

• Ajay Tyagi is the Chairman of SEBI. (Feb 2021)
• It is established.to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development and to regulate the securities market.
• Madhabi Puri Buch gets a year extension as WholeTime Member of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

The correct answer is diamond

The chemical formula of a diamond is 'C'

Key Points

• Diamond is the purest crystalline allotrope of carbon having a number of carbons, linked together tetrahedrally.
• Each carbon atom in a diamond is surrounded by four other carbon atoms and connected to them by strong covalent bonds - the strongest type of chemical bond.
• The colourless diamonds are used in making gems and coloured diamonds like black diamonds are used in glass cutting and in making rock drilling machines.
• The allotropes of carbon like a diamond, graphite coal, etc are crystalline solid but wood, stone are non-crystalline solid.

The correct answer is three

Octopuses have three hearts, a systemic heart that circulates blood around the body and two branchial hearts that pump it through each of the two gills.

Key Points

• The systemic heart is inactive when the animal is swimming and thus it tires quickly and prefers to crawl.
• Octopus blood contains the copper-rich protein hemocyanin to transport oxygen.
• This makes the blood very viscous and it requires considerable pressure to pump it around the body.
• Octopus's blood pressures can exceed 75 mmHg.
• All octopuses are venomous, evidence shows that the animal does not make the venom by itself, but are produced by symbiotic bacteria instead.
• The blue-ringed octopus is the most venomous to humans and they are fatal.
• These sea or marine creatures lack the skeletal system and are grouped into
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Mollusca
• Class: Cephalopoda
• Genus: Octopus

The correct answer is 1999

Serena Williams won her first Grand Slam singles in the year 1999.

Important Points

Serena Williams:

• She is an American professional tennis player.
• She won the singles gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics.
• She topped the Forbes Highest-Paid Female Athletes 2018 list
• She also topped the Forbes Highest-Paid Female Athletes 2019 list.

The Correct Answer is Jawaharlal Nehru.

Key Points

• ‘An Autobiography: Toward Freedom’ was written by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Jawaharlal Nehru wrote this autobiographical book when he was in jail between June 1934 and February 1935, and before he became India's first Prime Minister.
• Other books by Jawaharlal Nehru are-
• The Discovery of India
• Nehru's India: Select Speeches
• Words of Freedom: Ideas of a Nation
• An Anthology
• Letters from a Father to his Daughter
• Glimpses of World History

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Raasleela. 

Key Points

• Raasleela is based exclusively on Lord Krishna legends.
• It is believed that Nand Das wrote the initial plays based on the life of Krishna.
• In this theatre form, the dialogues in prose combined beautifully with songs and scenes from Krishna's pranks.
• It is a combination of two words- rasa meaning "aesthetics" and Lila meaning "act," "play" or "dance".
• Two types of Rasleela: Braj Ras of Mathura and Manipuri Ras of Manipur.
• Braj Raasleela is different from Manipuri Rasleela in proposing dance, dialogue, costumes, and style.

Additional Information

Nautanki:-

• Nautanki is usually associated with Uttar Pradesh.
• The most popular centres of this traditional theatre form are Kanpur, Lucknow, and Hathras.
• The meters used in the verses are Doha, Chaubola, Chhappai, Behar-e-tabeel.
• There was a time when only men acted in Nautanki but nowadays, women have also started taking part in the performances. Among those remembered with reverence is Gulab Bai of Kanpur. She gave a new dimension to this old theatre form.

Tamaasha:-

• Tamaasha is a traditional folk theatre form of Maharashtra.
• It has evolved from folk forms such as Gondhal, Jagran, and Kirtan.
• Unlike other theatre forms, in Tamaasha the female actress is the chief exponent of dance movements in the play.
• She is known as Murki. Classical music, footwork at lightning-speed, and vivid gestures make it possible to portray all the emotions through dance.

Maach:-

• Maach is the traditional theatre form of Madhya Pradesh.
• The term Maach is used for the stage itself as also for the play. In this theatre, form songs are given prominence in between the dialogues.
• The term for dialogue in this form is bol and rhyme in narration is termed vanag. The tunes of this theatre form are known as rangat.

The Correct Answer is forelimb / upper limb.

Concept:

• Forelimb / upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, and metacarpals.
• The upper limb is divided into three parts. These parts consist of the arm, located between the shoulder and elbow joints, the forearm, which is in between the elbow and wrist joints, and the hand, which is located distal to the wrist.
• There are 30 bones in each upper limb.

​​

Additional Information 

• The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm, and the ulna (medially) and the radius (laterally) are the paired bones of the forearm.
• The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a carpal bone, and the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a metacarpal bone.
• The fingers and thumb contain a total of 14 bones, each of which is a phalanx bone of the hand.
• Auxiliary nerve, Radial, Median, Ulnar and Musculocutaneous are 5 major nerve intervention in arm

The Correct Answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points

• On 22 November 2019, the Indian men's cricket team created history by playing in its first-ever pink-ball Test against Bangladesh at the Eden Gardens in Kolkata.
• In most of the one-day cricket matches, a white ball is used instead in order to remain visible under floodlights, and since 2010, the pink ball has been introduced to contrast with players' white clothing and for improvement of night visibility during day/night Test matches.

Additional Information

• The first Day-Night Test match in India is played in Kolkata.
• India won this test match by an innings and 46 runs.
• A day-night Test match is played either totally or partially under artificial stadium lighting in the evening or night.
• The Chief Guest of this historic moment was Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Haseena.
• The first day-night Test was played between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval from November 27 to 29, 2015.

The Correct Answer is Rabindra Nath Tagore.

Key Points

• In 1913, Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Rabindranath Tagore.
• This prize was given to him "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed his own English words, and a part of the literature of the West."

Additional Information

• Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, writer, composer, philosopher, and painter.
• On 7^th May his birth anniversary was celebrated all over India.
• Tagore was awarded a knighthood in 1915, but he repudiated it in 1919 as a protest against the Amritsar (Jallianwalla Bagh) Massacre.

The correct answer is Wind.

Key Points

• Anemophily’ is a form of abiotic pollination in which pollen is distributed by wind.
• It is also called as a wind pollination which is predominant in grasses, most conifers and many deciduous trees.
• Other common anemophilous plants are oaks, sweet chestnuts, alders etc.

Additional Information

• Pollination is a process carried out by all flowering plants in which the matured pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma in flowering plants.
• There are two types of pollination:
• Self-Pollination:  When the pollen grains from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant.
• Cross-Pollination: When the pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower into the stigma of another flower of different plants of the same species.

The Correct Answer is Telangana.

Key Points

• The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project or KLIP is a multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in Kaleshwaram, Bhupalpally, Telangana, India.
• It is currently the world’s largest multi-stage lift irrigation project, its farthest upstream influence is at the confluence of the Pranhita and Godavari rivers.
• The Pranahita River is itself a confluence of various smaller tributaries including the Wardha, Painganga, and Wainganga rivers which combine to form the seventh-largest drainage basin on the subcontinent, with an estimated annual discharge of more than 6,427,900 acre-feet (7,930 cubic hectometres) or 280 TMC.
• The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project is divided into 7 links and 28 packages spanning a distance of approximately 500 km (310 mi) through 13 districts and utilizing a canal network of more than 1,800 km (1,100 mi).
• The project aims to produce a total of 240 TMC (195 from Medigadda Barrage, 20 from Sripada Yellampalli project, and 25 from groundwater), of which 169 has been allocated for irrigation, 30 for Hyderabad municipal water, 16 for miscellaneous industrial uses, and 10 for drinking water in nearby villages, with the remainder being estimated evaporation loss.
• On 21 June 2019, the project was opened by Telangana governor Narasimhan and chief ministers K.Chandrashekar Rao (Telangana), Fadnavis (Maharashtra), and Y.S.Jaganmohan Reddy (Andhra Pradesh ).

The Correct Answer is 21.

Key Points

• According to Article 21 of the constitution, No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.
• This right is available for citizens as well as aliens.
• This Article includes the right to live with human dignity.
• It covers the protection against the arbitrary executive and legislative action.
• It is the part of the basic feature of the Constitution. It can be taken away according to the procedure which is established by law.

Additional Information

Article 19:-

• Following are the six fundamental freedom provided under Article 19 of the Constitution of India are:
• Freedom of speech and expression.
• Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
• Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India
• Freedom to form associations or co-operative societies.
• Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
• Freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any trade, business or occupation.

Article 23:-

• Articles 23 and 24 of the constitution of India deals with the Right against Exploitation.
• Article 23 states the prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour.

Article 16:-

• Article 16 refers to the equality of opportunity in the area of public employment.
• It means every citizen of this country has the right to get an equal opportunity to practice their profession.

The Correct Answer is A Wizard of Earthsea.

Key Points

• Ursula K. Le Guin authored the book "A Wizard of Earthsea".
• Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (1929-2018) was a celebrated and beloved author of 21 novels, 11 volumes of short stories, four collections of essays, 12 children’s books, six volumes of poetry, and four of translation.
• In 2014 she was awarded the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, and in 2016 joined the shortlist of authors to be published in their lifetimes by the Library of America.

Additional Information

• J. K. Rowling is a British author and philanthropist.
• Rowling worked as a researcher and bilingual secretary in London for Amnesty International.

The Correct Answer is Harmanpreet Kaur.

Key Points

• The Indian women's cricket team announced the 15-member squad for the upcoming ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2020 in Australia.
• Harmanpreet Kaur is set to lead India's team which includes the 15-year-old Shafali Verma.
• She plays as **an **all-rounder for the Indian women's cricket team
• She awarded the prestigious Arjuna Award for Cricket in the year 2017 by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• In November 2018, she became the first woman for India to score a century in a Women's T20 International match.
• In October 2019, during the series against South Africa, she became the first cricketer for India, male or female, to play in 100 international T20 matches.

Additional Information

• Ekta Bisht:-
• Ekta Bisht is an Indian cricket player. She is a left-handed batswoman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler.
• She was the first International woman cricketer from the Uttrakhand state of India.
• She was also the first Cricketer for India to take Hat-trick in a women's Twenty-20 International match.
• Mithali Raj:-
• Mithali Dorai Raj is an Indian Cricketer and the Captain of the Indian Women's National Cricket team.
• She is often regarded as India's greatest batswoman.
• Mithali Raj has moved up one place to occupy the number one spot in the ICC ODI rankings 2017.
• Jhulan Goswami:-
• Jhulan Nishit Goswami is an Indian International Cricketer and the former Captain of the India National women's Cricket team.
• She awarded the Arjuna award for cricket and Padma Shri.

The Correct Answer is the Indus River.

Key Points

• The Shyok, the Gilgit, and the Zaskar are major tributaries of the Indus River.
• The Indus System is one of the largest river basins in the world.
• It is also known as the Sindhu and is in the westernmost of the Himalayan rivers in India.
• It originates from a glacier near Bokhar Chu in the Tibetan region at an altitude of 4,164 m in the Kailash Mountain range.
• Tributaries of Indus River:-
• The Indus receives a number of Himalayan tributaries such as The Shyok, The Gilgit, The Zaskar etc.
• It finally emerges out of the hills near Attock where it receives the Kabul River on its right bank.
• Shyok River:-
• It rises in the Karakoram Range in the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir state.
• The Shyok, which flows generally northwestward, is fed by meltwater from numerous glaciers on its journey through the range.
• At times the Chong Kumdan Glacier dams the river, causing serious floods in nearby areas hence, the Shyok river is known as the river of death.
• Gilgit River:-
• The river rises from a high alpine glacier in the area where the Hindu Kush, Karakoram Range, and western (Punjab) Himalayas meet. Descending through a deep valley, it flows north and then east and southeast to the town of Gilgit.
• Zanskar River:
• It is the first major tributary of the Indus River, equal or greater in volume than the main river, which flows entirely with Ladakh, India.
• It originates northeast of the Great Himalayan range and drains both the Himalayas and the Zanskar Range within the region of Zanskar.
• It flows northeast to join the Indus River near Nimo.

The Correct Answer is the United States of America.

Key Points

• The opening words of the Preamble to the Constitution of India are borrowed from the Constitution of the United States of America.
• The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any independent country in the world.
• However, the Indian Constitution is known as a bag of borrowings for its varied sources of many features.
• Its provisions were borrowed from the Government of India Act 1935 and the Constitutions of the US, Ireland, Britain, Canada, Australia, Germany, the USSR, France, South Africa, Japan, and other countries.
• Thus, the Indian constitution contains provisions of more than 60 constitutions present at that time.
• Unites States of America's Constitution
• Written Constitution
• Impeachment of the President
• Supreme Court
• Provision of States
• Functions of President and Vice-President
• Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges
• Fundamental Rights
• Judicial review
• Independence of Judiciary
• The preamble of the Constitution

Additional Information

• Ireland's Constitution
• Concept of DPSP
• The nomination of members to Rajya Sabha by the President
• Method of election of President
• Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia)
• Fundamental duties
• The ideal of justice (social, economic, and political) in the Preamble
• Five-Year Plans
• French Constitution
• The ideals of (REPUBLIC, LIBERTY, EQUALITY, and FRATERNITY) in the Preamble.

The Correct Answer is 1987.

Key Points

• The National Dairy Development Board Act came into effect in 1987.
• An Act to declare the institution known as the National Dairy Development Board in the State of Gujarat to be an institution of national importance and to provide for its incorporation and for the vesting in that body corporate of the undertakings of the Indian Dairy Corporation with a view to providing for the administration and the carrying on of the functions to be performed by the body corporate more effectively throughout the country and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto.
• The National Dairy Development Board was created to promote, finance, and support producer-owned and controlled organizations.
• The programs and activities of NDDB seek to strengthen farmer-owned institutions and support national policies that are favourable to the growth of such institutions.
• NDDB’s efforts transformed India’s rural economy by making dairying a viable and profitable economic activity for millions of milk producers while addressing the country’s need for self-sufficiency in milk production.
• The NDDB Dairy Services is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the NDDB.
• It functions as a delivery arm of the NDDB for field operations relating to promoting Producer Companies and Productivity Services and is providing technical and management services for some activities under the National Dairy Plan.

Additional Information

• Varsha Joshi has been appointed as the Chairperson of the National Dairy Development Board.
• He replaced Dilip Nath on the completion of his tenure in November 2020.

The Correct Answer is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Key Points

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages.
• Particular strains of this species are employed in fermentation and exert a profound influence on the flavour and aroma characteristics of different beverages.
• It ferments sugars from various sources, e.g. grapes for wine, barley for beer, alcohol, and carbon dioxide.
• The fermentation of alcohol requires oxygen and its availability will determine the production rate of vinegar.

Additional Information

Kluyveromyces lactis:-

• Kluyveromyces lactis formerly known as Saccharomyces lactis is a yeast that has the ability to assimilate lactose and convert it into lactic acid.

Pichia pastoris:-

• Pichia pastoris is a species of methylotrophic yeast.
• These species were found in the 1960s, with its feature of using methanol.
• It acts as a source of carbon and energy.

Cryptococcus neoformans:-

• Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that lives in the environment throughout the world.
• People can become infected with C. neoformans after breathing in the microscopic fungus, although most people who are exposed to the fungus never get sick from it.

The Correct Answer is KC Neogy.

Key Points

• The First Finance Commission was constituted vide Presidential Order dated 22.11.1951 under the chairmanship of Shri K.C. Neogy on 6th April 1952.
• Fifteen Finance Commissions have been Constituted so far at the intervals of every five year.
• The Finance Commission is constituted by the President under article 280 of the Constitution, mainly to give its   recommendations on the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States and amongst the States themselves.
• Two distinctive features of the Commission’s work involve redressing the vertical imbalances between the taxation powers and expenditure responsibilities of the centre and the States respectively and equalization of all public services across the States.
• The recommendations of the Finance Commission are implemented as under:-
• Those to be implemented by an order of the President.
• The recommendations relating to the distribution of Union Taxes and Duties and Grants-in-aid fall in this category.
• Those to be implemented by executive orders.
• Other recommendations to be made by the Finance Commission, as per its Terms of Reference

The Correct Answer is 1925.

Key Points

• Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was the apex governing body of field hockey in India formed on 7 November 1925 in Gwalior.
• It is the first Non-European Country which was a part of International Hockey Federation
• As a member of the International Hockey Federation, it represented India in all international matches under the former leadership of KPS Gill & the secretary of the federation, K.Jyothikumaran.
• The women's team was directed by the Indian Women's Hockey Federation.
• R. K. Shetty was elected as a new IHF president in 2010.

The Correct Answer is Sucrose.

Key Points

• Sucrose is a natural sweetener.
• Sucrose is crystallized white sugar produced by the sugar cane plant and can be found in households and foods worldwide.
  

It is a disaccharide made up of 50% glucose and 50% fructose and is broken down rapidly into its constituent parts.

• The formulae for ;sucrose is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
• The carbohydrates obtained from fruits, plants, seeds, roots, and nuts are natural sweeteners.
• Honey, molasses, maple syrup, cocoa sugar, agave nectar, date sugar, and xylitol are widely used natural sweeteners.

Additional Information

Aspartame:-

• Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener.
• It is 200 times sweeter than sugar, commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages.

Sucralose:-

• It is a zero-calorie artificial sweetener.
• Splenda is the most common sucralose-based product.
• It is made by sugar in a multistep chemical process in which three hydrogen-oxygen groups are replaced with chlorine atoms

Saccharin:-

• It is an artificial sweetener.
• It has effectively no food energy.
• It is about 300 to 400 times as sweet as sucrose but it has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at very high concentrations.
• It is used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, cookies, and medicines.

The Correct Answer is Jahangir.

Key Points

• Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English East India Company to establish their factory in 1613 at Surat.
• The British East India Company came to India for trading in spices, an important commodity in Europe back then and as it was used to preserve meat.
• Apart from this, they primarily do trading in silk, cotton, indigo dye, tea, and opium.
• Mughal emperor Jahangir granted a Farman to Captain William Hawkins permitting the English to erect a factory at Surat in 1613.
• In 1615, Thomas Roe, the Ambassador to James I, got an imperial Farman from Jahangir for doing trading and establish factories all across the Mughal empire.
• In 1616, the company established its first factory in the south in Masulipattanam.
• Soon, the Vijaynagara Empire will also give the company permission to open a factory in Madras and the British company started to eclipse out the other European trading companies in their rising power.
• The 'East India Company' was formed in 1600.

Additional Information

• Jahangir was born to Maryam-uz-Zamani and Akbar on August 30, 1569.
• He was named Sultan Muhammad Salim after Shaikh Salim Chishti of Fatehpur Sikri.
• Akbar called him Sheik Babu.
• After his coronation, he assumed the title of Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Badshah Ghazi.
• Jahangir was the only surviving son of Akbar who after his father’s death ascended the throne in 1604, at the age of 34 years.