SSC Steno 2020 Official Paper (Held on: 23 Dec 2020 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Given

1. J, K, L, M, N and O are six colleagues working in an NGO. 2. J earns more than L but less than M. 

M > J > L

3. N earns less than O but more than M. 

O > N > M > J > L

4. K earns more than J but less than N.  5. K earns less than M.

O > N > M > K > J > L

So, the final arrangement is 

O > N > M > K > J > L

So, O earns the most among the six.

Hence, the correct answer is "O".

The pattern followed is:

Hence, the correct answer is "MRU".

Venn diagram according to the given information is:

Chennai, India, Asia

  

As India is a country that lies in an Asia continent, so it will come inside Asia.

Similarly, Chennai is the capital of Indian state Tamil Nadu, so it will come inside India.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1". 

Additional Information

• The 2nd oldest cricket stadium in India is located in Chennai known as Chepauk M.A. Chidambaram stadium.
• The oldest jail in India is Chennai Central prison.
• Guindy National Park is located in Chennai.
• There are 48 countries in Asia today, according to the United Nations.
• Three out of the four most populous countries in the world are located in Asia.
• It is located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
• The Equator, Tropic of Cancer, and Arctic Circle pass through Asia.
• It is separated from Africa by the Red Sea and Suez Canal.
• 14 of the tallest mountains in the world can be found in Asia, and they are all over 8000 meters above the sea.
• Asia is separated from North America by Berling Strait.
• Arabian Peninsula is the largest Peninsula in the World.
• The deepest trench of the world: Mariana Trench lies in the Pacific Ocean near the Philippines.
• Pamir Plateau is known as 'Roof of the World' situated in Central Asia.

The pattern follows here is:

Each term of the given series is obtained as follows:

First term = 9

2nd term = first x 1 + 1

= 9 x 1 + 1 = 10

3rd term = 2nd x 2 + 2

= 10 x 2 + 2 = 22

4th term = 3rd x 3 + 3

= 22 x 3 + 3 = 69

5th term = 4th x 4 + 4

= 69 x 4 + 4 = 280

6th term = 5th x 5 + 5

= 280 x 5 + 5 = 1405.

Hence, the correct answer is "1405".

The pattern follows here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "1531".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as below:

Conclusions: 

1. Some pots are mugs → True (If some mugs are pots is true then some pots are mugs will also be correct so it is a definite statement). 2. Some pots are jars → False (There is no direct relation between jars and pot. It is possible but not definite).

Thus the only conclusion I follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

Additional Information

In the below diagram shortest distance between starting point x and point z denoted by point X and Z respectively.

Now, Triangle "XYZ" is a right-angled triangle, so using Pythagoras Theorem:

XZ² = XY² + YZ²

XZ2 = (20)2 + (25)2

XZ2 = 400 + 625

XZ2 = 1025

XZ2= √ 1025

XZ = 32.015

XZ is approximately equal to 32. 

The person's final position P is in the east with respect to point X. 

Thus the shortest distance is 32 m and the final direction is in the east with respect to the starting point.

Hence, the correct answer is "32 m, East".

When the paper is unfolded it will appear like this:

The answer is the figure given below.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Five animals are in their cages in a certain zoo.

Their cages are in a row.

1. Lion is at the extreme right end of the row (This clear that the lion cage is at the extreme right end of the row).
2. Monkey is at the extreme end of the row (As lion cage is at the extreme right, so we left with the only extreme left and this cage will be of monkey). 3. Fox is exactly between Deer and Lion. 4. Cow is at the immediate left of Deer.

The final arrangement is as:

Thus cow is at the second position from the left end.

Hence, the correct answer is "Cow".

The logic follows here is:

In Column 3:

7 - 5 = 2, 2 × 2  = 4

In column 2:

9 - 4 = 5, 5 × 2 = 10

Similarly,

In Column 1:

14 - 7 = 7, 7 × 2 = 14

Hence, the correct answer is "14".

The pattern follows here is:

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "YFE".

The pattern follows here is:

7 + (1 × 1) = 8

8 + (2 × 2) = 12

12 + (3 × 3) = 21

21 + (4 × 4) = 37

37 + (5 × 5) = 62 

Hence, the correct answer is "62".

The pattern follows here is:

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "LTR".

According to the sequence in the dictionary: 

The correct order of the given words is:

iv) Daffodil

ii) Delicious

i) Delta

v) Demography

iii) Depend 

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 2, 1, 5, 3". 

Additional Information

1. First of all, check the common letter in all.
2. Arrange them according to the alphabet they come first. 
3. When common letters are arranged, then go for the rest.

The given figure is embedded in option 4 as follows:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given equation

[{(18 × 16) - (5 ÷ 2)} + (5 - 1)] ÷ 1

Decoding the given information:

 

Substituting the operations:

[{(18 - 16) + (5 × 2)} ÷ (5 + 1)] × 1

BODMAS Rule:

According to BODMAS rule, the operations are to be performed in the following order.

If the same operation is repeated more than once, perform that operation from left to right.

Using the BODMAS rule:

[{(18 - 16) + (5 × 2)} ÷ (5 + 1)] × 1

[{2 + (5 × 2)} ÷ (5 + 1)] × 1

[{2 + 10)} ÷ (5 + 1)] × 1

[{2 + 10} ÷ 6] × 1

[12 ÷ 6] × 1

2 × 1

2

Hence, the correct answer is "2".

The least possible venn diagram for the given statements is:

Conclusions:

I. No fans are fishes. → False (It is definitely false, as some hammers are fans and all hammers are fishes, some fans which are hammers will definitely be fishes.)

II. Some fans are fishes. → True (It is definitely true as some hammers are fans and all hammers are fishes, some fans which are hammers will definitely be fishes.)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

Additional Information

Given, Father's age : Son's age = 5 : 2

So, let father's age = 5x

Son's age = 2x

Given product of their ages = 160

⇒ 5x × 2x = 160

⇒ 10x² = 160

⇒ x² = 16

⇒ x = 4

So, father's age = 5x = 5 × 4 = 20 

Son's age = 2x = 2 × 4 = 8

Hence, the correct answer is "20".

Drawing the diagram as per the given information:

So, the final point is 40 m to the north of starting point.

Hence, the correct answer is "40 m, North".

The correct order as they appear in an English dictionary is:

5. Sales
6. Smart
7. Smile
8. Spark
9. Style

So, the correct order is 5, 4, 2, 1, 3.

Hence, the correct answer is "5, 4, 2, 1, 3".

Symbols used to draw the family tree

Drawing the family tree as per the given information

So, Durga is sister-in-law of Savita.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sister-in-law".

The mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at AB is as shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

The pattern followed is:

The circle on the square is moving from one corner to another corner in clockwise direction

The triangle is rotating 90^o in clockwise direction.

The shading inside the circle is rotating 90^o in anticlockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

From the given information,

1) Rama is taller than Saho.

Rama > Saho

2) Tara is shorter than Saho.

Rama > Saho > Tara

3) Dinesh is taller than Tara but shorter than Saho.

Rama > Saho > Dinesh > Tara

4) Manoj is shorter than Dinesh.

5. Kailash is shorter than Tara but taller than Manoj.

Rama > Saho > Dinesh > Tara > Kailash > Manoj

So, the final arrangement is:

Rama > Saho > Dinesh > Tara > Kailash > Manoj

So, Manoj is the shortest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Manoj".

The pattern followed for GDC is:

Similarly, the pattern followed for RON is:

So, GDC : AEY :: RON : LPJ.

Hence, the correct answer is "LPJ".

Given equation:

24 ___ 6 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___ 10 ___ 6

BODMAS Rule:

Substituting the signs and using BODMAS rule:

1) ÷, ×, =, +, +

24 ÷ 6 × 3 = 4 + 10 + 6

LHS:

24 ÷ 6 × 3

= 4 × 3

= 12

RHS: 

4 + 10 + 6

= 20

LHS ≠ RHS

2) ÷, ×, +, =, +

24 ÷ 6 × 3 + 4 = 10 + 6

LHS:

24 ÷ 6 × 3 + 4

= 4 × 3 + 4 

= 12 + 4

= 16

RHS:

10 + 6 

= 16

LHS = RHS

3) ÷, ×, -, =, ×

24 ÷ 6 × 3 - 4 = 10 × 6

LHS:

24 ÷ 6 × 3 - 4 

= 4 × 3 - 4 

= 12 - 4

= 8

RHS:

10 × 6

= 60 

LHS ≠ RHS

4) +, =, ÷, ×, +

24 + 6 = 3 ÷ 4 × 10 + 6

LHS:

24 + 6 

= 30

RHS:

3 ÷ 4 × 10 + 6

= 0.75 × 10 + 6

= 7.5 + 6

= 13.5

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "÷, ×, +, =, +".

The logic follows here is :

Second number = (Product of digits of the first number) ÷ 2.

2931 : 27

(2 × 9 × 3 × 1) ÷ 2 = 54 ÷ 2 = 27.

Similarly,

5142 : ?

? = (5 × 1 × 4 × 2) ÷ 2 = 40 ÷ 2 = 20.

Hence, the correct answer is "20".

The logic follows here is :

Place values of the alphabets are written in reversed order.

Similarly,

Thus, SPECIES will be written as 19-5-9-3-5-16-19.

Hence, the correct answer is **"**19-5-9-3-5-16-19".

Family Chart:

Family Tree:

Bheem is the maternal grandfather of Mala.

Hence, the correct answer is "Maternal Grandfather".

Arranging the given words as per they appear in the English dictionary :

4. Cucumber 2. Cumbersome 3. Curious 1. Curtains

The second word is Cumbersome.

Hence, the correct answer is "Cumbersome".

The pattern follows here is :

Hence, the correct answer is "FM".

The logic follows here is :

Hence, the correct answer is "313".

The logic follows here is :

Sum of squares of first four numbers = Fifth number (In a row).

Row 1 : 5, 6, 2, 4, 81

5² + 6² + 2² + 4² = 25 + 36 + 4 + 16 = 81.

Row 2 : 1, 3, 2, 4, ?

? = 1² + 3² + 2² + 4² 

? = 1 + 9 + 4 + 16

? = 30.

Row 3 : 2, 3, 1, 5, 39.

2² + 3² + 1² + 5² = 4 + 9 + 1 + 25 = 39.

Hence, the correct answer is "30".

Let the purchasing value of the product 3 years ago = P.

Depreciation rate = 20% every year.

Time = 3 years.

Equivalent depreciation rate for 3 years :

Equivalent rate for 2 years = (20 + 20) - {(20 × 20) ÷ 100}

= 40 - (400 ÷ 100)

= 40 - 4 = 36%.

Equivalent rate of 36% and 20% = (36 + 20) - {(36 × 20) ÷ 100}

= 56 - (720 ÷ 100)

= 56 - 7.2 = 48.8%.

Thus, the product value has been depriciated by 48.8% in 3 years.

Remaining value = 100 - 48.8 = 51.2%.

Given that-

Present value = Rs. 10,000.

51.2% of P = 10,000.

(51.2 ÷ 100) × P = 10,000

0.512 × P = 10,000

P = 10,000 ÷ 0.512

P = 19531.25 ~ 19531

Thus, the value of the product 3 years ago was Rs. 19531.

Hence, the correct answer is "19531".

The logic follows here is :

Some Men are Writers and some Men are Soldiers.

Some Soldiers are Writers.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given set of words will be :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Family Chart:

Family Tree:

<br>

Caroline is the Niece of Aron.

Hence, the correct answer is "Niece".

Arranging the students according to the time taken :

A finished his exam before B.

A < B

A finished his exam after C.

A > C

D finished his exam before E.

D < E

D finished his exam after B.

D > B

The final arrangement will be :

E > D > B > A > C

The Least time is taken by C.

Thus, C completed the exam first among others.

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

The logic follows here :

[(First term)² + (Second term)² ]/2 = Third term (In a row).

Row 1 : 6, 4, 26

[(6)² + (4)²]/2 = 26

Row 2 : 3, 7, 29

[(3)2 + (7)2]/2 = 29

Row 3 : 2, 6, ?

[(2)2 + (6)2]/2 = 20

Hence, the correct answer is "20.

The logic follows here is:

Each image is rotating 90° anticlockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The logic follows here is:

Each letter is decreasing by 3.

So., 'BYT' is odd one.

Hence, the correct answer is "BYT".

The logic follows here is:-

We have to multiply the first term and the second term to get the third term.

12 is the 1st term, 2 is the 2nd term,

12 × 2 = 24

24 × 3 = 72

72 × 4 = 288

Hence, the correct answer is "288".

Let maximum marks = x

Passing marks = 40 % = 0.4 x → (i)

Marks scored = 80

Remaining marks to pass = 20

Passing marks = 80 + 20 = 100 → (ii)

Equation (i) and (ii),

0.4 x = 100

x = 100 / 0.4

x = 1000 / 4

x = 250 

Hence, the correct answer is "250".

Alternate Method

Let maximum marks = 100%

Passing marks = 40 %

Marks scored = 80 and failed by 20 marks

40 % = 80 + 20

40 % = 100

1 % = 100 / 40 = 2.5

100 % = 100 * 2.5 = 250

Maximum marks = 250.

The logic follows here is:-

Alternative alphabets are decreasing and increasing by 3.

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "POFGB".

Given equation is :-

16 Y 2 Y 3 Y 6 Y 4   

Placing mathematical signs at the place of Y and using BODMAS rule,

Option 1) → ÷, ×, =, -

16 ÷ 2 × 3 = 6 - 4

8 × 3 = 6 - 4

24 ≠ 2

Option 2) → ×, ÷, =, -

16 × 2 ÷ 3 = 6 - 4

16 × 0.67 = 6 - 4 

10.72 ≠ 2

Option 3) → ÷, ×, =, ×

16 ÷ 2 × 3 = 6 × 4

8 × 3 = 6 × 4

24 = 24

Option 4) → ×, =, -, ÷

16 × 2 = 3 - 6 ÷ 4

16 × 2 = 3 - 1.5

32 ≠ 1.5

Hence, the correct answer is "÷, ×, =, ×".

The sitting arrangement according to the given information is :

Six soldiers A, B, C, D, E, and F are standing in a row next to each other. 

1. F and E are at the extreme ends of the row.

Case 1:                                                                                  

 

Case 2:

2. C is exactly between F and B.

Case 1:                                                                    

 

Case 2:        

3. E is at the immediate right of D.

Here, case 2 is eliminated.

4. A is at the immediate left of D.

So, soldier B is at the fourth position from the right.

Hence, the correct answer is "B".

The logic follows here is :

From the above image, we conclude that,

 

Code for "sa so" is "Angry Now**".**

Hence, the correct answer is "Angry Now**."**

The logic follows here is:-

1st letter of each word is increasing by 2.

2nd letter of each word is increasing by 3.

Hence, the correct answer is "PN".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements will be :

Conclusions :

I. Some glasses are chains → True (As all chains are glasses so it means some glasses are chains it is definitely true)

II. Some tables are glasses → True (As all glasses are tables it means some tables are glasses it is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

Additional Information

Representing the given information on NESW diagram:

The approximate shortest distance between the police station and the restaurant via the fruit shop is: 

Distance = OB + DB

But Here, OB = DB

Then, Distance = 2(OB) → (i)

Applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆OAB :

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Perpendicular)²

(OB)² = (AB)² + (OA)²

(OB)² = (38)² + (60)²

(OB)² = 1444 + 3600 = 5044

OB = √5044 = 71.02

Putting the value of OB in equation (i),

Distance = 2(OB) → 2 × 71.02 → 142.4 (approx. 142)

Hence, the correct answer is "142 m".

The logic follows here is:

So, options 1, 2, and 4 are alike in some manner and option 3 is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "I - O - T - Z".

The correct answer is Bauxite.

Key Points​​ 

• Bauxite is a sedimentary rock that has a relatively high content of aluminium. It is the smallest source in the world of iron and gallium.
• In lustre, bauxite appears dull and is reddish-brown, white, or tan in colour. Bauxite was discovered by the French geologist Pierre Berthier in 1821, near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France.
• The largest bauxite producer in Australia, followed by China. Increased recycling of aluminium, which has the benefit of reducing the expense of electrical energy in the manufacture of aluminium, would greatly increase the stocks of bauxite in the world.

Important Points

• The minerals which contain one or more metals are metallic minerals.
• They are usually present as mineral deposits and are a strong conductor of electricity and heat, such as iron, copper, gold, bauxite, manganese, etc.
• In nature, they are malleable and ductile, so they can easily be pounded into thin sheets or stretched into wires to create new items.

Additional Information

• Sandstone is a sedimentary rock consisting of grains of mineral, rock, or organic material that are sand-sized.
• Mica is a mineral name given to a group of physically and chemically related minerals.
• Potash contains various salts extracted and manufactured that contain water-soluble potassium.

The Correct Answer is Somnath.

Key Points

• The Somnath temple on the western coast of Gujarat, India, situated in Prabhas Patan near Veraval in Saurashtra, is believed to be the first of Shiva's twelve jyotirlinga shrines. It is an important tourist and pilgrimage spot in Gujarat.
• After repeated destruction by several invaders and rulers, reconstructed several times in the past, the present temple was rebuilt in the Chaulukya style of Hindu temple architecture and completed in May 1951.
• Under the orders of the Home Minister of India, Vallabhbhai Patel, reconstruction began and was completed after his death.
• Narendra Modi, currently the Prime Minister of India, is the President of the Somnath Mandir Trust.

Important Points

• Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga is one of the twelve Jyotirlingams, shrines that are said to be Lord Shiva's most sacred abodes, and is a Hindu temple devoted to Lord Shiva. It is situated in the state of Madhya Pradesh in the ancient city of Ujjain.
• One of the twelve Jyotirlingas, the most sacred dwellings of Shiva, is the Vaidyanatha Jyotirlinga temple (Baidyanath Dham). It is situated in Deoghar in the state of Jharkhand's Santhal Parganas district.
• The Hindu temple of Omkareshwar is dedicated to God Shiva. It is one of Shiva's 12 revered Jyotirlinga shrines. It is in the Narmada River on an island called Mandhata or Shivpuri in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh.

The Correct Answer is Gulf of Mannar.

Key Points

• The Gulf of Mannar is a wide shallow bay that forms part of the Indian Ocean's Laccadive Sea, with a minimum depth of 5.8 m.
• It lies in the Coromandel Coast area, between the west coast of Sri Lanka and the southeastern tip of India.
• The low island and reef chain is known as Adam's Bridge (also known as Rama Sethu in India), which includes Mannar Island, separates Palk Bay from the Gulf of Mannar, which lies between Sri Lanka and India to the north.
• Sri Lanka's Malvathu Oya (Malvathu River) and the estuaries of South India's Thamirabarani River and Vaippar River flow into the Gulf.

Important Points

• The Sundarbans is a delta mangrove region created in the Bay of Bengal by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers. The mangrove forest of the Sundarbans occupies an area of approximately 10,000 km2, of which forests stretch over 6,017 km2 in Bangladesh's Khulna Division and 4,260 km2 in West Bengal across the districts of South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas.
• Pachmarhi is a hill station in central India's Hoshangabad district of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is commonly known as Satpura ki Rani settled in a valley of the Satpura Range in the Hoshangabad district at an altitude of 1067 m. Dhupgarh, Madhya Pradesh's highest point (1,352 m) and the Satpura range are located here. It is a member of the Biosphere Reserve of Satpura.
• In the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve comes under World Network of Biosphere Reserve. In the states of Tamil Nadu (2537.6 km²), Karnataka (1527.4 km²) and Kerala (1455.4 km²), the reserve occupies 5,520 km².

The correct answer is + 1.

Key Points

• From Joule heating law:
• The heat produced in a conductor is directly proportional to the time of current flow, the resistance of the conductor as well as the square of the magnitude of the current.
• The amount of generated heat is proportional to the wire’s electrical resistance when the current in the circuit and the flow of current is not changed.
• The amount of generated heat in a conductor carrying current is proportional to the square of the current flow through the circuit when the electrical resistance and current supply is constant.
• The amount of heat produced because of the current flow is proportional to the time of flow when the resistance and current flow is kept constant.
• $H=I^2Rt$
• $H ∝ t$
• Here power of time t is +1.

The Correct Answer is worship.

Key Points

• The Preamble of the Constitution of India provides for the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
• Freedom means the absence of restraint or supremacy over an individual's activities, such as freedom from slavery, servitude, imprisonment, despotism, etc.
• Equality implies that there are no advantages or prejudice against any part of society. The feeling of brotherhood suggests fraternity.
• The Preamble seeks to foster brotherhood among citizens, ensuring the dignity of the citizen and the nation's unity and integrity.
• After the majority of the Constitution was already adopted, the Preamble was added to the Constitution.

Important Points

• The Preamble ensures justice, democracy and equality for all the people of India and promotes fraternity among the people.
• The Preamble's Four Components are:
• The Preamble states that the Constitution's source of authority lies with the people of India.
• It declares that India is a country that is socialist, secular, democratic and a republic.
• It sets out its priorities of maintaining justice, freedom and equality for all people and fostering fraternity in order to preserve the nation's unity and dignity.
• It cites the date on which the constitution was adopted (November 26, 1949).

The Correct Answer is Yogesh Maitreya.

Key Points

• Yogesh Maitreya, of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, is an author, translator, curator, and PhD scholar.
• He is the founder of the first anticaste/English publication from Maharashtra, Panther's Paw Publication, which focuses primarily on Dalit Literature's English translation.
• At firstpost.com, he is a frequent blogger, writing about literature, art, cinema, language, and caste.
• He has translated Dalit fiction and non-fiction literature from Marathi to English, some of which have been released and some of which are published in the pipeline.
• Akhil Sood is a New Delhi, India-based music and culture writer and editor. He has been writing about independent Indian music for a number of Indian and foreign publications for nearly a decade.
• Gouri Dange is a writer and family counselor from Mumbai.

The Correct Answer is Purvamimansa.

Key Points

• The Vedanga are six Hinduism auxiliary disciplines that originated in ancient times and were related to the study of the Vedas.
• One of the most significant ancient Hindu philosophical texts is the Purva Mimamsa Sutras, written by Rishi Jaimini.
• It forms the basis of Mimamsa, the earliest of Indian philosophy's six orthodox schools (darshanas). The sage Jaimini was one of the disciples of the sage Veda Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata, according to tradition.
• The job is split into 12 adhyayas (chapters), which are further split into sixty padas (sections).

Important Points

• Kalpa means "proper, fit" and is one of the six disciplines connected with the Vedas-the scriptures of Hinduism-in the Vedānga, or ancillary science.
• Nirukta is one of the six ancient Vedangas, the scriptures of Hinduism, or ancillary science linked to the Vedas.
• Shiksha is a Sanskrit word meaning "instruction, lesson, learning, the study of skill" It also refers to one of the six Sanskrit phonetics and phonology Vedangas or limbs of Vedic studies.

The Correct Answer is shift rightward.

Key Points

• Following a change in the underlying determinant of demand, the direction of the demand curve will shift to the left or right.
• Increases in demand are illustrated in the demand curve by a change to the right. This may be caused by a variety of factors, including an increase in sales, an increase in a substitute's price or a decrease in a supplement's price.
• A change in demand to the right implies a rise in the sum requested at any price. Conversely, for a variety of reasons, demand will decrease and cause a change to the left of the demand curve, including a decline in sales, assuming that a good is a normal good, a drop in the price of a replacement, and an increase in the price of a supplement.
• Following a shift in one or more of the underlying determinants of supply, the direction of a supply curve can change. For instance, a cost adjustment, such as a change in the cost of labor or raw materials, can shift the direction of the supply curve.
• The Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is the locus of different combinations of two commodities that can be generated with a given amount of resources and technology (the direction of a moving point). It's also known as the curve of transformation.

The Correct Answer is Tapi.

Key Points

• The Tapti River is a river between the Godavari and Narmada rivers in central India that flows westward before draining into the Arabian Sea.
• The river is 724 km long. Its source is near the forest of the Multai Reserve in MP. It reaches Maharashtra from there and flows through the western portion of Vidarbha and Khandesh. It flows into Gujarat from Maharashtra, where its mouth lies near Surat.
• The Tapti River overflowed its banks during heavy rains during the monsoon season on 7 August 1968, before the building of the Ukai Dam to bring its waters under control and provide hydroelectric power.

Important Points

• Kaveri is a river in India that flows through the Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states.The Kaveri River rises in the Western Ghats, Kodagu district of Karnataka State, at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range.
• After the Ganga, the Godavari is India's second-longest river. In Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra, its source is.
• The Luni is the largest river in the Thar desert. It originates in the Aravalli Range valley of Pushkar, near Ajmer, passes through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and ends in the marshy lands of Gujarat's Rann of Kutch, after travelling 495 km.

The Correct Answer is Akbar.

Key Points

• Sikandra in Agra houses the mausoleum of Mughal Emperor Akbar.
• The tomb of Akbar is the tomb of the Mughal emperor, Akbar. This tomb is a significant masterpiece of Mughal architecture. It was constructed by his son Jahangir in 1605-1613 and is situated on 119 acres of land in Sikandra, a sub-sub of Agra, Uttar Pradesh.
• Akbar planned the tomb and chose a suitable location for it. In 1605–1613, the building was completed by Akbar's son Jahangir after his death.
• With four white marble chhatri-topped minarets that are identical (and pre-dated) to those of the Taj Mahal, the south gate is the highest and is the usual entry point to the tomb. The tomb itself is enclosed by a 105 m square walled enclosure.

Important Points

• The tomb of Humayun is the tomb of Humayun, the Mughal Emperor, in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned in 1558 by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum, and designed by her chosen Persian architects, Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad.
• In Khuldabad, Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, the Tomb of Aurangzeb, the last of the powerful Mughal emperors, is located.
• A 17th-century mausoleum constructed for the Mughal Emperor Jahangir is the Tomb of Jahangir. The mausoleum dates from 1637 and is situated along the banks of the Ravi River in Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

The Correct Answer is Ladakh.

Key Points

• Tsering Landol is a gynaecologist from India and one of the pioneers of women's health in India's Ladakh Union Territory.
• She worked at the Government Hospital of the Sonam Norboo Memorial, Leh and is affiliated with other educational institutions as well.
• In 2006, the Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour for her services to Indian medicine, Padma Shri, and Padma Bhusan in 2020, making her one of the only female Jammu and Kashmir recipients of the award and the first Ladakhi woman doctor to earn the honour.

Important Points

• She is also featured on the 'Wall of Fame' that exemplifies glory and grandeur among those who have displayed perfection in their career or life.
• The Song Collector, a documentary film on the life of renowned Ladakhi folk singer Morup Namgyal, features Landol.
• In the year 2020, Padma Bhushan was awarded the third-highest civilian award in India.

The Correct Answer is 47^th.

Key Points

• Sharad Arvind Bobde is a judge from India who serves as India's 47th and acting Chief Justice. He is the former Chief Justice of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh.
• He is also the Chancellor of the National Law University of Maharashtra, Mumbai, and the National Law University of Maharashtra, Nagpur.
• He has been a member of the Supreme Court of India for eight years and is expected to retire on 23 April 2021.
• On 18 November 2019, he was nominated as the 47th Chief Justice of India, succeeding Ranjan Gogoi(46th CJI) after his retirement.
• Justice Bobde was part of the five-judge constitutional bench that heard and delivered the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid land dispute case judgment dated November 9, 2019.

Important Points

• The Head of the Judicial Branch of the Government of India and the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court of India shall be the Chief Justice of the Republic of India and the Highest-ranking Officer of the Federal Judiciary of India.
• In India, the first CJI was H. J. Kania. India's Supreme Court came into being on January 28, 1950.

The Correct Answer is Urdu.

Key Points

• ‘Vande Mataram’, founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, was an Urdu daily.
• During India's independence movement, the Vande Mataram was India's motto for independence and the thoughts of the people.
• During rallies, crowds of people chanted Vande Mataram and wrote some lines on slogans from it to demonstrate their love and devotion to their motherland.
• It's a Bengali poem written around the 1870s by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee that became a popular marching song in 1905.

Important Points

• Lajpat Rai was an activist for Indian independence. In the Indian Independence movement, he played a key role.
• He was known popularly as Punjab Kesari. It was one of the three triumvirates of Lal Bal Pal.
• He was also affiliated in the early stages of 1894 with the operations of the Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company.
• Lajpat Rai was a veteran heavyweight leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement, Indian independence movement led by the Indian National Congress, Hindu reform movements and Arya Samaj, who inspired his generation's young men and ignited with journalistic writings and lead-by-example activism a latent spirit of patriotism in their hearts.

The Correct Answer is Exposure to UV radiation.

Key Points

• Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is naturally produced by the sun, while the UV from the sunbeds is artificial. Our skin is affected by 2 major forms of UV rays.
• Skin cancer can be caused by both types:
• UVB is responsible for most sunburns.
• Deep in the skin, UVA penetrates. The skin ages, but it contributes much less to sunburn.
• The most harmful of all may be a third form of UV ray, UVC, but it is filtered out by the ozone layer and does not hit the surface of the earth.
• The genetic material (DNA) in your skin cells may be affected by too much UV radiation from the sun or sunbeds.
• It may cause cells to start growing out of control if enough DNA damage builds up over time, which can lead to skin cancer.
• Sunburn is a short-term warning of possible long-term DNA damage and is a direct indication that too much UV radiation has weakened the DNA in your skin cells. Sunburn is skin damage and the reaction of your body to try to restore it.

The Correct Answer is Kashmir.

Key Points

• Kahwa chai is a traditional form of tea from Kashmir.
• Kahwah is a traditional preparation of green tea (Camellia sinensis) consumed in Pakistan, Afghanistan, some Central Asian regions, and in northern India, especially in the Kashmir Valley.
• The tea is made to add a great fragrance by boiling green tea leaves with saffron cultivated in Kashmir, cinnamon bark, cardamom pods, and sometimes Kashmiri roses.
• Kashmiri Hindus have often referred to Mogul chai as kahwa. That means that this tea was introduced back then by the Mughal emperors in the valley.
• In Kashmir, the term Kahwah means "sweetened tea" although the word also tends to be synonymous with the Turkish word for coffee (kahveh), which may, in turn, be derived from the Arabic word "qahwah."

The Correct Answer is Swatantra.

Key Points

• The Swatantra Party, which existed from 1959 to 1974, was a typical Indian liberal political party.
• It was founded by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the increasingly communist and statistical outlook of the Jawaharlal Nehru-dominated Indian National Congress.
• The left turn was taken by the Congress at Avadi and the Nagpur Resolutions provoked the founding of the party. With the "Licence Raj" dismantled, Swatantra stood for a market-based economy, while it objected to laissez-faire policies.
• Rajagopalachari and his colleagues drafted a 21-point manifesto in 1960 outlining why Swatantra had to be established, even though they were previously Nehru's Congressmen and associates during the independence struggle.
• Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was extremely critical of Swatantra, describing the party as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles and zamindars".

Important Points

• The Indian National Congress has widespread origins as a political party in India. Established in 1885, in Asia and Africa, it was the first new nationalist movement in the British Empire to emerge.
• The Republican Party, along with its primary, traditional rival, the Democratic Party, is one of the two main contemporary political parties in the United States. In 1854, opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act formed the GOP, which allowed the possible extension of chattel slavery into the western territories.
• The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was a political party of the Indian right-wing that existed from 1951 to 1977 and was the political arm of the Hindu nationalist volunteer organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).

The Correct Answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• Narendra Modi is the author of the book ‘Social Harmony’.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi has gone through various stages of life, but he has always been consistent in his thoughts and acts.
• In his heart, the deep flow of feelings for society and social peace has continuously flowed.
• This book is a collection of Narendra Modi's articles that highlight his passion for the under-privileged, his efforts to share their joys and sorrows, the excellence of his thinking processes, and his sensitivity to society.
• The level of improvement made by the underprivileged is the true measure of the progression of any state.
• True growth is what takes the fruits of happiness even to the last person in the remote backward zone.

Important Points

• Narendra Damodardas Modi is an Indian politician who, since 2014, has served as India's 14th and current Prime Minister.
• He served as Gujarat's Chief Minister from 2001 to 2014 and is a Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a Hindu nationalist voluntary organization, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
• He is the first prime minister born in Independent India and also the first to win two consecutive terms with a complete majority outside the Indian National Congress and the second to complete more than five years in office after Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

The Correct Answer is Kushinagar.

Key Points

• Kushinagar is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in the Kushinagar district. It is an important Buddhist pilgrimage site where, after his death, Buddhists claim that Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana.
• It is an international pilgrimage centre for Buddhism. Kushinagar was, according to one theory, the capital of the Kingdom of Kosala and, according to Ramayana, it was founded by King Kush, son of Rama, the protagonist of the epic Ramayana.
• Kushavati was appointed prior to King Kush, according to Buddhist tradition.
• The capital of Mallas was Kushinara, which was one of the sixteen mahajanpads of the 6th century BCE.
• It has remained an integral part of the former empires of the dynasties of Maurya, Shunga, Kushana, Gupta, Harsha, and Pala since then. For Indian general elections, Kushinagar falls under the Kushinagar Lok Sabha electorate.
• Vijay Kumar Dubey of the 2014 Indian general election of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the Member of Parliament from this constituency who was re-elected in the 2019 Indian general election.
• Rajnikant Mani Tripathi of the Bharatiya Janata Party is a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Kushinagar Assembly constituency as of 2019.

The Correct Answer is painter.

Key Points

• Satish Gujral was a post-independent-era Indian painter, sculptor, muralist and writer. In 1999, he received the Padma Vibhushan award, the Republic of India's second-highest civilian award.
• Between 1997 and 1998, the Prime Minister of India was his elder brother, Inder Kumar Gujral. There have been hundreds of documentaries documenting the work of Gujral and a full feature film on his life is in the making.
• He was also part of the BBC TV film Partition: The Day India Burned in 2007. On 15 February 2012, a 24-minute documentary called "A Brush with Life" was released, based on his own book of the same name.
• In 1999, Padma Vibhushan was awarded India's second-highest civilian honour by Gujral. He was honoured with the NDTV Indian of the Year Award in April 2014.

The Correct Answer is the United Kingdom.

Key Points

• In the Salisbury Plain of central southern England, Indian and British armed forces began their joint 'Ajeya Warrior' exercises to train soldiers in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorist operations.
• It was the fifth edition, the aim of the exercises is to train soldiers in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorist operations in both urban and semi-urban areas.
• The Indian contingent was invited by Brigadier Tom Bewick, Commander of the UK 7 Infantry Division, during the opening ceremony.
• Important workshops, demonstrations, and drills relating to counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations will be held over the next few days as part of the exercise.
• Both armies also shared their user experiences in countering such conditions, according to the ministry, as well as refine exercises and joint operations procedures wherever the need arises.
• The exercise culminated in a 72-hour joint exercise focusing on soldiers' joint operations during counter-terrorist operations.

The Correct Answer is Punjab National Bank.

Key Points

• The Union Cabinet has approved the amalgamation of 10 public sector banks, including Allahabad Bank, Andhra Bank and OBC, with effect from 1 April, to create four major state-owned lenders.
• There were seven major public sector banks (PSBs) following the restructuring and five smaller ones. In 2017, there were as many as 27 PSBs.
• Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank of India have been merged into Punjab National Bank, Syndicate Bank into Canara Bank, Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank into Union Bank of India, and Allahabad Bank into Indian Bank, as per the mega consolidation strategy.

Important Points

• The merger results in the formation of seven large PSBs with size and national scope, with businesses of over Rs 8 lakh crore per amalgamated entity.
• The implementation of best practices across merging organisations will enable banks to enhance their cost efficiency and risk management, as well as boost the objective of broader financial inclusion.

The Correct Answer is tesla.

Key Points

• The tesla is a magnetic induction unit derived from the International System of Units. One tesla is equivalent to one weber per metre square.
• The device was announced at the 1960 General Conference on Weights and Measures and, on the suggestion of the Slovenian electrical engineer France Avčin, is named in honor of Nikola Tesla.
• The strongest fields observed on Earth from permanent magnets are from the spheres of Halbach and can be over 4.5 T.
• Scientists at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's Los Alamos National Laboratory campus, the world's first 100-tesla non-destructive magnetic field, have created the record for the highest continuous pulsed magnetic field.

Important Points

• In the International System of Units, a candela is the base unit of luminous intensity; that is, the luminous power per unit of solid angle emitted in a particular direction by the point light source.
• In the International System of Units, kelvin is the base unit of temperature with the unit symbol K.
• In the International System of Units, the ampere, sometimes shortened to 'amp', is the base unit of electric current.

The Correct Answer is Dalhousie.

Key Points

• Dalhousie is a hill station in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh in the Chamba district. It is located on five hills and has an elevation above sea level of 1,970 m (6,460 ft).
• Dalhousie Town was named after The Earl of Dalhousie who, while creating this place as a summer retreat, was the British Governor-General in India.
• During the season, the average night temperature is around 4 °C (39 °F), while the high is close to 11 °C (52 °F). Snowfall here is quite a popular feature, which adds to the town's bitter cold.

Important Points

• Binsar hill station is located in the Indian state Uttarakhand.
• Nainital is a famous hill station in Uttarakhand. It is the judicial capital of Uttarakhand, where the State High Court is situated and is the headquarters of the division of Kumaon and the eponymous district.
• Lansdowne, in Pauri Garhwal district, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, is a cantonment town. Lansdowne is a town and hill station in Uttarakhand, India, situated on the Kotdwar-Pauri road at an altitude of 1,780 m.

The Correct Answer is rancidity.

Key Points

• Rancidity, a disorder arising from the aerial oxidation of unsaturated fat found in food and other items and characterized by an unpleasant odor or taste.
• The unsaturated components of a fatty material when exposed to air are converted into hydroperoxides, which break down into volatile aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons, some with unpleasant odors.
• By the above method and by hydrolysis, which releases volatile and malodorous acids, especially butyric acid, butter becomes rancid. Saturated fats, such as beef tallow, are oxidation-resistant and seldom become rancid at normal temperatures.

Important Points

• Corrosion is a natural process which converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable form, such as oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide.
• In Earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one position on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another.
• Ductility is a mechanical property generally defined as the suitability of a material for drawing.

The Correct Answer is Raman Lamba.

Key Points

• Raman Lamba died at the Post Graduate Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 23 February 1998, after being struck by a cricket ball hit by Mehrab Hossain on the temple by his left arm spinner Saifullah Khan while fielding on his short forward shoulder.
• In four Tests and 32 One Day Internationals, Raman played primarily as a batsman. In Bangladesh's Dhaka Premier League, he was a famous player and also represented Ireland in unofficial One Day International matches.
• Lamba died as a result of an internal haemorrhage after falling into a coma, three days after being struck by a cricket ball on the temporal bone while fielding in Bangladesh's league cricket.

Important Points

• Prithipal Singh was an Indian field hockey player called by hockey commentators as the "King of the Short Corner." He played three times in Olympic field hockey, scoring the highest number of goals as a single-player each time.
• Syed Modi was an Indian singles badminton player. He (1980-87) was the eight-time National Badminton champion.
• Krishanu Dey was an Indian footballer from Kolkata. He was an attacking midfielder and, because of his footballing ability and playing style, was known as the "Indian Maradona" by his fans.

The Correct Answer is IIT Gandhinagar.

Key Points

• Project Isaac has been launched by the Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar (IITGN) to engage its students in innovative projects to develop their critical skills when they are confined to their homes due to the Coronavirus.
• The project is inspired by Sir Isaac Newton, who, because of the Great Plague of London in 1665, was similarly sent home by Trinity College, Cambridge.
• Newton, then a 22-year-old college student, made some of his most profound discoveries during this year, including early calculus, as well as his optical and gravity theories.
• As part of the initiative, IIT, Gandhinagar, is organizing four different competitions to develop new skills among students in writing, painting, coding, music, creative expression, and so on.
• Students may compete online in competitions. Almost 40 per cent of IITGN students are now involved in a number of fully voluntary activities.

The Correct Answer is Saurashtra.

Key Points

• Following a hard-fought final against Bengal at the Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Rajkot, Saurashtra lifted the Ranji Trophy 2019-20 title.
• Though Bengal needed 72 runs and Saurashtra needed four wickets as the battle for the first-innings led to determine that the winner resumed on Day 5 For the first time in 70 years, Saurashtra team won the Ranji Trophy title.
• Based on the lead obtained in the first innings of the final against Bengal, Saurashtra became the champion. Saurashtra was formerly known as Navanagar, Western India, and won the 1936-37 and 1943-44 trophies.
• It was renamed in 1950 as Saurashtra and began to take part in this domestic tournament.
• The Saurashtra team has been runners-up three times in the last seven years. It was the fourth Saurashtra final. On the basis of the first-innings lead against Bengal, Saurashtra achieved the distinction of being the champion.
• As the title was last captured in 1989-90, Bengal could not retain the title again.

Important Points

• India's first-class domestic cricket competition is the Ranji Trophy. The country's provincial and state cricket associations are participating in this tournament.
• The competition is named after the first Indian player from India to compete in international cricket, Ranjit Singhji. In 1934, the first edition of the Ranji Trophy was organised.
• Mumbai has won the Ranji Trophy 41 times, while Vidarbha has won the title twice.

The Correct Answer is 1.

Key Points

• Acetone with the formula (CH3)2CO, is an organic compound.
• The number of Hydrogen atoms: 6
• The number of carbon atoms: 3
• The number of Oxygen atoms: 1

Important Points

• It is the ketone that is simplest and smallest.
• It is a liquid that is colourless, extremely volatile and flammable, with a distinctive pungent odour. Acetone is water-mixable and serves in its own right, in industry, home, and laboratory, as an essential organic solvent.
• In 2010, 6.7 million tonnes were manufactured worldwide, primarily for solvent use and the manufacture of methyl methacrylate and bisphenol-A. In organic chemistry, it is a common building block.
• In the human body, acetone is produced and disposed of by natural metabolic processes. It is commonly found in urine and blood.

The Correct Answer is East Bengal S.C.

Key Points

• Sporting Club East Bengal, based in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, is an Indian professional football club. The club competes in the Indian Super League, Indian football's top flight, as well as in the Calcutta Premier Division A, West Bengal's top-level state football league.
• Formed in August 1920, before winning promotion to the Calcutta Football League first division in 1924, the club became associated with the Indian Football Association in 1922.
• In 1942, East Bengal won their first league title and have won the title a record 39 times since then.
• In 1996, the club was also a founding member of the National Football League and three times won the league title. Eight Federation Cups, three Super Cups, a record 29 IFA Shield titles, and a record 16 Durand Cup titles have also been won, making the club one of Indian football's most decorated.

Important Points

The Correct Answer is Rani Rampal.

Key Points

• Rani Rampal won the ‘Inspiration of the Year’ award at the Times of India Sports Awards 2019.
• In New Delhi, India, the 4th edition of the TOISA (Times of India Sports Awards) Awards honoured the best Indian in 2019 sports. **BHIM-UPI-**powered the event (Bharat Interface for Money- Unified Payments Interface).
• Rohit Sharma was named Cricketer of the Year and PV Sindhu was named Sportsperson of the Year when she won gold at the Basel, Switzerland World Championships.

Important Points

• Rani Rampal is a field hockey player in India. She was the youngest player in the national team that participated in the 2010 World Cup at the age of 15.
• For her team, she plays forward. She has played 212 matches internationally and scored 134 goals. She is also the captain of the Indian Hockey Women's Team.
• She has a fantastic obsession with CWG. She was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri in 2020.

The Correct Answer is Dilwara Temple.

Key Points

• The Dilwara Temples are a group of Jain svetambara temples situated about 2.5 kilometres from the settlement of Mount Abu, the only hill station in Rajasthan.
• The earliest were built by Vimal Shah and allegedly planned or at least funded by Vastupala, Dholka's Jain minister.
• They date from the 11th and 16th centuries, creating some of the most prominent monuments in the architectural style of Māru-Gurjara, renowned for their use of very pure white marble and intricate carvings of marble. Among the most renowned Jain temples are the five Dilwara Temples.

Important Points

• The five temples are:
• Vimal Vasahi: This temple dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankara, Shri Adinatha
• Luna Vasahi: This temple dedicated to the 22nd Jain Tirthankara, Shri Neminatha
• Pittalhar: This temple dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankar, Shri Adinatha
• Parshvanath: This temple dedicated to the 23rd Jain Tirthankara, Shri Parshvanatha
• Mahavir Swami: This temple dedicated to the last Jain Tirthankara, Shri Mahaviraswami

Additional Information

• Saheliyon-ki-Bari is a large garden and a popular tourist spot in Udaipur, Rajasthan.
• At the edge of the Aravalli Hills stands Nahargarh Fort, overlooking the city of Jaipur in Rajasthan.
• In the town of Bansberia in Hooghly District, West Bengal, Hanseswari temple is a Hindu temple of the goddess Hangseswari (the goddess who came in the dream of Raja Nrisingha Deb Roy Mahasay).

The Correct Answer is ₹12.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is applicable to individuals with bank accounts between the ages of 18 and 70 years (Indian Resident or NRI).
• It has an annual tax-exclusive premium of ₹12. The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is removed from GST. Automatically, the balance is debited from the account.
• This insurance policy will be covered for one year from 1 June to 31 May and will be sold by banks and managed by the general insurance companies of the public sector.
• The payout to the nominee would be ₹2 lakh in the case of sudden death or complete disability and ₹1 lakh in the case of partial permanent disability.
• The policy is offered by the Public Sector General Insurance Company or some other General Insurance Company which is willing to sell the product with the requisite approvals on similar terms and to be connected to the banks for this reason.

The Correct Answer algebra.

Key Points

• Kuttakaganita or "computation using kuttaka" is the word used by Brahmagupta for algebra. Kuttaka (often translated as "pulverizer") is an algorithm for reducing the terms of an indeterminate equation, which is basically a recast of the Euclidean algorithm to obtain the largest common divisor of two natural numbers.
• Interestingly, puzzles called kuttaka are still found in folklore even now. After Brahmagupta, mathematicians referred to algebra as avyakta ganita or unknown quantity arithmetic, as opposed to vyakta ganita ganita (arithmetic of known quantities).
• Others also used the term bijaganita for algebra, beginning around the 9th century.
• Bija means "seed" or "element," and bijaganita has been translated as the known quantity of "computation with the seed or unknown quantity that produces the fruit or phala."

The Correct Answer is Surat.

Key Points

• The Annual Session of the Congress in 1907 was held at Surat.
• The Surat Split at the Surat session in 1907 was the division of the Indian National Congress into two parties - the Radicals and the Moderates.
• 1885-1905 was regarded as the time of the moderates since the Indian National Congress was dominated by them.
• In order to present their demands to the British government, the Moderates used petitions, prayers, assemblies, leaflets, pamphlets, memorandums and delegations. Their only major successes were the expansion of the legislative council by the 1892 Indian Councils Act.
• In Surat Session (1907), as a presidential candidate, Extremists wanted Rai or Tilak and Moderates endorsed Ghosh to be the President.
• Extremists were targeted immediately by the British government and radical newspapers were suppressed. Their key chief, Lokmanya Tilak, was sent to Mandalay jail for six years.

The Correct Answer is Calorimeter.

Key Points

• A calorimeter is an object used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as the heat potential for calorimetry, or the method of measuring it.
• Among the most popular types are differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters.
• A basic calorimeter is essentially a thermometer that is connected to a metal container full of water suspended over a chamber of combustion.
• It is one of the measurement instruments used in thermodynamics, chemistry, and biochemistry science.

Important Points 

• A manometer is a pressure measurement device. A typical simple manometer is made up of a glass U-shaped tube filled with some liquid. Because of its high density, the liquid is usually mercury.
• A hygrometer is a device used to determine the quantity of water vapour in enclosed spaces, air, or soil.
• A colourimeter is a device that calculates the absorption by a particular solution of specific wavelengths of light used in colourimetry.

The Correct Answer is Sourav Ganguly.

Key Points

• A Century is Not Enough: My Roller-coaster Ride to Success (2018) is an English autobiography written by former Indian cricketer and captain Sourav Ganguly.
• The novel was first released on 24 February 2018 by Juggernaut. Ganguly talked in-depth about his cricketing career in this book.
• He has addressed various phases of his career in cricketing, including several international tours, World Cups, and the IPL.

Important Points

• Sourav Ganguly, who is the 39th and present President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, is an Indian cricket administrator, commentator and former national cricket team captain.
• Ganguly established himself as one of the world's leading batsmen during his playing career and also as one of the Indian national cricket team's most influential captains.
• He was particularly prolific through the off side while batting, earning himself the nickname God of the Off Side for his elegant square of the wicket stroke play and through the covers.
• In 2019, he was elected as President of the BCCI and President of the Wisden India Editorial Board.

The Correct Answer is 11.

Key Points

• The law of Ørsted, also spelled Oersted's law, in electromagnetism, is the physical law stating that a magnetic field is created by an electric current.
• The Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851) discovered this on 21 April 1820 when he noticed that the needle of a compass turned next to a wire carrying current so that the needle was perpendicular to the wire.
• Ørsted investigated the physical law describing the magnetic field, now known as the law of Ørsted, and discovered it.
• The discovery of Ørsted was the first relation discovered between electricity and magnetism, and the first of two laws connecting the two; the other is the law of induction of Faraday.
• These two laws became part of Maxwell's equations, the equations that govern electromagnetism. Faraday, the 19th century's greatest electricity and magnetism experimentalist and one of the greatest experimental physicists of all time, worked on and off for 10 years trying to prove that electricity could be induced by a magnet.
• Using two coils of wire wound around opposite sides of a soft iron ring, he finally succeeded in 1831.

The Correct Answer is Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Key Points

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian statesman who served three terms as India's Prime Minister, first in 1996 for a period of 13 days, then from 1998 to 1999 for a period of 13 months, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004.
• Vajpayee was one of the co-founders of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a senior leader (BJP). He was a founder of a Hindu nationalist volunteer group, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
• He was the first Indian prime minister to serve a full term of office outside of the Indian National Congress.
• For more than five decades, he was a member of the Indian Parliament, being elected ten times to the Lok Sabha, the lower house, and twice to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house.
• In 2014, Narendra Modi's administration announced that Vajpayee's birthday, 25 December, will be marked as Good Governance Day.

Important Points

• Morarji Ranchhodji Desai served as India's 4th Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and led the government established by the Janata Party.
• Rajiv Gandhi was an Indian politician who served from 1984 to 1989 as India's 6th prime minister.
• Inder Kumar Gujral was an Indian diplomat, politician, and activist for independence who served from April 1997 to March 1998 as India's 12th Prime Minister.

The Correct Answer is Panini.

Key Points

• Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī("Eight Chapters"), a Sanskrit grammar treatise written by the Indian grammarian Panini in the 6th to 5th century BCE. The linguistic standards for Classical Sanskrit were set by this work. The science of phonetics and grammar that had developed in the Vedic religion was summed up in 4,000 sutras. His work was divided into eight chapters by Panini, each of which is further divided into four chapters.
• Ashtadhyayi distinguishes between use in the spoken language and use that is unique to the language of the sacred texts, beyond describing the morphology and syntax of the Sanskrit language.

Important Points

• An ancient Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and a respected scholar in ancient India were Pānini, variously dated between the 4th century BCE and the 6th to 5th century BCE.
• Pānini has been considered the "first descriptive linguist" and also labelled as "the father of linguistics" since the discovery and publication of his work by European scholars in the nineteenth century.

Additional Information

• Bāṇabhaṭṭa was a Sanskrit prose writer and poet from India in the seventh century.
• Shudraka was the king and playwright of India. He is ascribed to three Sanskrit plays - Mrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart), Vinavasavadatta, and Padmaprabhritaka, a bhana (short one-act monologue).
• In ancient India, Patañjali was a sage who was thought to be the author of a number of Sanskrit works.

The Correct Answer is Munnetra.

Key Points

• The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) is a regional Indian political party in the Tamil Nadu state and the Puducherry, Union Territory.
• AIADMK is a Dravidian party founded as a breakaway faction of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam by M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) in Madurai on 17 October 1972.
• AIADMK was headed by J. Jayalalithaa from 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, who served 6 times as Tamil Nadu's chief minister on many occasions. Seven times in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the party has won majorities, making it the most active political outfit in the history of the state.
• Until her death in 2016, Jayalalithaa was regarded as the "Mother of AIADMK" and was extremely famous among the Tamil community.
• It is currently the governing party in Tamil Nadu and is part of the National Democratic Alliance's ruling political front in India (NDA).
• Amma Anbu Maaligai, which is situated at Avvai Shanmugam Salai, Royapettah, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, is the headquarters of the party.
• In 1986, the building was donated to the party by M.G.R's wife, V. N. Janaki Ramachandran.

The Correct Answer is Rajnish Kumar.

Key Points

• As on March 2020, Rajnish Kumar is the Chairperson of the State Bank of India.
• On 7 October 2017, he became chairman of the State Bank of India and his three-year term ended on 6 October 2020.
• He joined SBI in 1980 as a probationary officer. He served as Managing Director (National Banking Group) and was appointed Managing Director (Compliance & Risk) of SBI on 2 November 2015.
• The Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers of the Indian Institute of Banking and Finance also cracked it.
• Prior to becoming Managing Director at SBI, the senior bank official has previously headed SBI Capital Markets Limited as Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer.

Important Points

• Aditya Puri is a senior advisor in the Carlyle Group. He was the Managing Director of HDFC Bank, the largest bank in the private sector in India.
• Arundhati Bhattacharya is a retired Indian banker and a former president of India's State Bank. She was the first woman to be the President of India's State Bank.
• Deepak Parekh is an Indian businessman and the president of India's leading housing finance firm, Housing Development Finance Corporation.

The Correct Answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The Hirakud Dam was constructed across the Mahanadi River in the state of Odisha, 15 kilometers (9 mi) from Sambalpur.
• The Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long, extends behind the dam.
• It is one of the first major multipurpose projects in the river valley that began following the independence of India.
• Sir M. Visveswararya suggested a thorough inquiry into storage reservoirs in the Mahanadi basin after the destructive floods of 1936, to address the issue of floods in the Mahanadi delta.
• In 1945, it was agreed to invest in the possible benefits of controlling the Mahanadi for multi-purpose use under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the Member of Labour.
• The foundation stone of the Hirakud Dam was laid on 15 March 1946 by Sir Hawthorne Lewis, the Governor of Odisha.
• In June 1947, a project report was sent to the government. The first batch of concrete was laid by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 12 April 1948.
• The dam was completed in 1953 and was officially inaugurated on 13 January 1957 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
• In 1957, the overall cost of the project was ₹1,000.2 million.

The Correct Answer is Pune.

Key Points

• The National Institute of Virology, Pune, is a research institute for Indian virology and one of the translational science cells of the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR). It was formerly referred to as the 'Virus Research Center' and was founded in partnership with the Rockefeller Foundation.
• It has been named in the SE Asia area as a WHO H5 reference laboratory. Under the joint auspices of the ICMR and the Rockefeller Foundation**, the Virus Research Center (VRC), Pune,** came into being in 1952 as part of a global research program on the arthropod-borne virus community.
• The VRC was re-designated in 1978 as the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in view of its enlarged reach and activities.
• The NIV is known as the WHO Collaborating Center for reference and research on arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever. NIV is also the National Influenza, Japanese Encephalitis, Rota, Measles, Hepatitis and Coronavirus Control Centre.

Important Points

• The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India's leading authority for the formulation, organization and promotion of biomedical research, is one of the world's oldest and largest medical research bodies.
• Through the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the ICMR is financed by the Government of India.
• The organization established the Clinical Trials Registry - India in 2007, which is India's national clinical trials registry.

The Correct Answer is 50 microns.

Key Points

• In order to remove previous Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Regulations, 2011, the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, by increasing the minimum thickness of plastic transport bags from 40 to 50 microns.
• The 2016 Plastic Waste Management Rules seek to raise the minimum thickness of plastic carry bags from 40 to 50 microns and to specify a minimum thickness of 50 microns for plastic sheets in order to also promote the processing and recycling of plastic waste; to extend the jurisdiction of applicability from the municipal to rural areas, as plastic has also entered rural areas.
• They also seek to incorporate the obligations of manufacturers and generators, both in the plastic waste management system and the implementation by producers/brand owners of the recovery system of plastic waste, in line with the extended obligation of producers.
• The rules also attempt to incorporate, through pre-registration of manufacturers, importers of plastic carrying bags/multilayered packaging and vendors selling the same for the establishment of the waste management system, the collection of the plastic waste management tax.

The Correct Answer is Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

Key Points

• Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was an Indian lawyer and politician who served from 1974 to 1977 as India's fifth President.
• Also, he was India's second President to die in office. Ahmed was elected by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to the presidency in 1974 and became the second Muslim to be elected President of India on 20 August 1974.
• By signing the papers at midnight after a meeting with Indira Gandhi the same day, he is known to have issued the declaration of emergency.
• He used his constitutional authority as head of state to allow him, once the Emergency in India was declared in 1975, to rule by decree. On 11 February 1977, he was the second Indian President to die in office.
• His death occurred while preparing to attend his daily Namaz prayer after he collapsed in his office.

Important Points 

• From 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974, Varahagiri Venkata Giri was the 4th president of India. He was the first president to be an independent nominee to be elected. He was succeeded as president in 1974 by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.
• Ramaswamy Venkataraman, who served as the Union Minister and the eighth President of India, was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician.
• Rajendra Prasad, from 1950 to 1962, was an Indian independence leader, advocate, scholar and, subsequently, the first President of India.

The Correct Answer is Kangchenjunga.

Key Points

• Kangchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world. Kangchenjunga is the highest peak in India and the Easternmost peak of a Himalayan peak.
• It rises at an altitude of 8,586 m in a part of the Himalayas called the Kangchenjunga Himal, bordered by the Tamur River to the west, the Lhonak Chu and Jongsang La to the north, and the Teesta River to the east.
• It is located between Nepal and Sikkim, India, with three of the five peaks directly on the border (Main, Central and South) and the remaining two (West and Kangbachen) in the Taplejung District of Nepal.
• Kangchenjunga was first climbed by Joe Brown and George Band on 25 May 1955, who was part of the 1955 British expedition to Kangchenjunga.
• Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal share the Kangchenjunga transboundary landscape, comprising 14 protected areas with a total of 6,032 km².

Important Points

• Trisul is a group of three western Kumaun Himalayan mountain peaks, with the highest (Trisul I) reaching 7120m. The three peaks resemble a trident - Trishula, a trident, is Shiva's shield in Hindi/Sanskrit. The Trishul group, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west-southwest of Nanda Devi itself, forms the southwest corner of the ring of peaks surrounding the Nanda Devi Sanctuary.
• After Kangchenjunga, Nanda Devi is the second-highest mountain in India and the highest one located entirely within the country.
• Kamet, after Nanda Devi, is the second tallest mountain in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. It lies in Uttarakhand's Chamoli District.

The Correct Answer is Bhimbetka.

Key Points

• In 1957 - 58, Dr Vishnu Wakankar accidentally discovered prehistoric archaeological site Bhimbetka.
• The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site spanning both the prehistoric Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods and the historical era in central India.
• This shows the earliest signs of human life in India and proof of the Stone Age beginning in Acheulian times at the site.
• It is situated about 45 kilometres southeast of Bhopal in the Raisen District in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, consisting of seven hills spread over 10 km and over 750 rock shelters. More than 100,000 years ago, at least some shelters were inhabited.

Important Points

• V. S. Wakankar, who saw these rock formations and thought these were similar to those he had seen in Spain and France, was the first archaeologist to visit a few caves at the site and discover its prehistoric significance.
• With a team of archaeologists, he visited the region and documented many prehistoric rock shelters in 1957.
• The evidence indicates that there was a continuous human settlement here from the Stone Age through the late Acheulian to the late Mesolithic until the 2nd century BCE in these caves, according to the Archaeological Survey of India.

Additional Information

• The Caves of Udayagiri are twenty rock-cut caves from the early years of the 5th century CE near Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh. The caves of Udayagiri include Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaktism (Durga and Matrikas) and Shaivism iconography (Shiva).

The Correct Answer is 52nd.

Key Points

• The rank of India in the Global Innovation Index 2019 was 52^nd.
• Switzerland is the most innovative country in the world, followed by Sweden, the United States of America (U.S.), the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (U.K.), according to the 2019 version of the Global Innovation Index (GII), which also recognizes India, South Africa, Chile, Israel and Singapore as regional leaders, with China, Vietnam and Rwanda leading their income classes.
• The GII is a global benchmark that allows policymakers to better understand how creative practices, a crucial driver of economic and social growth, can be simulated and evaluated.

Important Points

• The 2019 GII ranks 129 economies based on 80 indicators, from conventional metrics such as investment in research and development and international patent and trademark applications to newer indicators such as the creation of mobile apps and exports of high technology.
• The GII 2019 also looks at the economic context: Innovation continues to flourish, particularly in Asia, amid signs of slowing economic growth, but pressures are looming from trade disruptions and protectionism.
• The Government of India, which uses the GII in innovative ways to improve its policy structure for innovation at both the national and regional levels, is hosting the GII launch for the first time.
• The theme of GII 2019 is "Creating Healthy Lives-The Future of Medical Innovation."

The Correct Answer is Surendranath Banerjee.

Key Points

• Surendranath Banerjee had authored the book ‘A Nation in Making’.
• The life of the founder of the Indian National Association and the two-time president of the Indian National Congress is on the pages of this novel.
• The vision inspired his landmark appeals, including one to the British to amend Bengal's 1905 partition, reinstate habeas corpus, and give India a Canadian-based Constitution.
• One of the pioneers of modern India and a proponent of autonomy within the British Commonwealth was Sir Surendranath Banerjea (1848–1925). Until 1874, before becoming an instructor, he worked as an Indian Civil Service officer.
• He founded a nationalist organization named the Indian National Association, through which he, along with Anandamohan Bose, led two sessions of the Indian National Conference in 1883 and 1885.
• Later on, Banerjee became a senior member of the National Indian Congress.