SSC Steno 2020 Official Paper (Held on: 22 Dec 2020 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

1. Here, Hindi and English are two Languages. It means that Hindi and English are sub set of a super set i.e. Languages. Therefore, the diagram will be :

2. Hindi, English, Spanish are three different Languages. Therefore, the diagram given in this question does not represent this relationship.

3. Languages, Social Sciences, Scientists are three entirely different categories. Therefore, the diagram given in this question does not represent this relationship.

4. Television, Refrigerators, Fans are three different electrical appliances. Therefore, the diagram given in this question does not represent this relationship.

Hence, Hindi, English, Languages is the correct answer.

This is a Venn diagram based question. According to the question,

Total no. of students = 80

Total no. of students passed in Chemistry = 24

Total no. of students passed in Physics = 35

Total no. of students passed in Mathematics = 29

No. of students who did not appear for the examination = 8 (say p)

No. of students who passed in all the three subjects = 2 (say x)

No. of students who passed in Physics and Chemistry both but not in Mathematics = 2 (say y)

No. of students who passed in Chemistry and Mathematics both but not in Physics = 2 (say z)

No. of students who passed in Physics and Mathematics both but not in Chemistry = 8 (say a)

Therefore,

No. of students who passed in Mathematics only = 29 - (x + z + a) = 29 - (2 + 2 + 8) = 17 (say d)

No. of students who passed in Chemistry only = 24 - (x + z + y) = 24 - (2 + 2 + 2) = 18 (say b)

No. of students who passed in Physics only = 35 - (x + y + a) = 35 - (2 + 2 + 8) = 23 (say c)

The logical Venn diagram is :

Hence, 17 is the correct answer.

In the given figures, color of triangle changes to shaded and non shaded alternately.

Thus, options 1 and 2 get eliminated.

The small circle is moving up and down on the left side of the square.

Thus, we can eliminate option 4 which has the small circle on the upper side of the square.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

1. N is to the immediate right of K.

2. N is at second place to the right of M. 

3. L is to the immediate left of M.

So, O sits between N and L.

Hence, "Between N and L" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is

4⁴ + 3⁴ = 256 + 81 = 337

3⁴ + 5⁴ = 81 + 625 = 706

6⁴ + 3⁴ = 1296 + 81 = 1377

Hence, 1377 is the correct answer.

Here, one word is part of another in the following way:

A room is a part of a flat, a flat is a part of a building, a building is a part of a city and a city is a part of a country. 

The logical Venn diagram for this meaningful order is given below

Hence, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 is the correct answer.

 

The given pair of words can be arranged in increasing order of size.

Room < Flat < Building < City < Country

Hence, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 is the correct answer.

The years which are multiple of 400 have 0 odd days.

So, No. of odd days in 2000 = 0

No. of odd days in 2001 = 1 (Non leap year)

No. of odd days in 2002 = 1 (Non leap year)

No. of odd days in 2003 = 1 (Non leap year)

No. of odd days in 2004 = 2 (Leap year)

Total no. of days in from 1^st January 2005 to 15^th September 2005 = (31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 15) = 258 = 36 weeks and 6 odd days

Total no. of odd days = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 = 11 = 1 week and 4 odd days

Therefore, No. of odd days = 4 which is the code for Thursday.

So, 15^th September 2005 was Thursday.

Hence, Thursday is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is

32 × 2 + 1 = 65

65 × 2 + 2 = 132

132 × 2 + 3 = 267

267 × 2 + 4 = 538

Hence, 65 is the correct answer.

The mirror image is :

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Given statements are N > H > Q = X and H = F = C < T

Combining the statements we get

N > H = F = C > Q = X

OR, T > H = F = C > Q = X (Because relation between N and T is not defined)

1. C < X (False, N > H = F = C > Q = X ⇒ C > X)

2. Q < C (True, N > H = F = C > Q = X)

3. H < T (True, T > H = F = C > Q = X)

4. N > X (True, N > H = F = C > Q = X)

Hence, C < X is the correct answer.

Let 'x' be a common multiple.

Let the amount distributed between P, Q, R and S be 8x, 6x, 3x and 2x respectively.

So, 8x + 6x + 3x + 2x = 6764

19x = 6764

x = 356

Amount received by P = 8 × 356 = 2848

Amount received by R = 3 × 356 = 1068

Amount received by P and R in total = 2848 + 1068 = 3916

Hence, Rs. 3,916 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is

Hence, DTH is the correct answer.

1. 14 and 21, × and +

Given equation is : 24 ÷ 12 × 21 - 273 + 14 = 179

After interchanging the numbers and signs in L.H.S, we get : 

24 ÷ 12 + 14 - 273 × 21

= 2 + 14 - 273 × 21

= 2 + 14 - 5733

= 16 - 5733

= -5717 (False)

2) 14 and 21, + and ÷

Given equation is : 24 ÷ 12 × 21 - 273 + 14 = 179

After interchanging the numbers and signs in L.H.S, we get :

24 + 12 × 14 - 273 ÷ 21

= 24 + 12 × 14 - 13

= 24 + 168 - 13

= 192 - 13

= 179 (True)

3. 21 and 12, + and ÷

Given equation is : 24 ÷ 12 × 21 - 273 + 14 = 179

After interchanging the numbers and signs in L.H.S, we get :

24 + 21 × 12 - 273 ÷ 14

= 24 + 21 × 12 - 19.5

= 24 + 252 - 19.5

= 276 - 19.5

= 256.5 (False)

4) 14 and 24, × and +

Given equation is : 24 ÷ 12 × 21 - 273 + 14 = 179

After interchanging the numbers and signs in L.H.S, we get :

14 ÷ 12 + 21 - 273 × 24

= 1.167 + 21 - 273 × 24

= 1.167 + 21 - 6552

= 22.167 - 6552

= 6529.833 (False)

Hence, "14 and 21, + and ÷" is the correct answer.

The route followed by Joya is :

Distance between Joya and Hospital = 36 m - 14 m = 22 m

So, Joya should turn left and walk 22 m in order to reach hospital.

Hence, Left, 22 m is the correct answer.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols :

The relation can be shown with the following diagram :

Therefore, Sumona's father-in-law is the father of the lady introduced.

Hence, Father is the correct answer.

Let 'x' will come in place of ?

The pattern followed here is :

Row 1: (7 + 2)(14 + 2) = 9 × 16 = 144

Row 2: (11 + 2)(16 + 2) = 13 × 18 = 234

Row 3: (12 + 2)(x + 2) = 266

14(x + 2) = 266

x + 2 = 266 ÷ 14

x + 2 = 19

x = 17

Hence, 17 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, LANJSVQ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is 

75 + 1³ = 76

76 + 2³ = 76 + 8 = 84

84 + 3³ = 84 + 27 = 111

111 + 4³ = 111 + 64 = 175

175 + 5³ = 175 + 125 = 300

For better understanding, it can be represented as :

Hence. 300 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Here, 5 is added in the positional value of consonants (letters except a, e, i, o, u) and 5 is subtracted from the positional value of vowels (a, e, i, o, u).

• Each consonant + 5
• Each vowel - 5

Similarly,

• Each consonant + 5
• Each vowel - 5

Hence, YWJPGQZ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, 387 is the correct answer.

The information given in the question can be presented as :

1. "is" is coded as 4, represented by triangle in the diagram.

2. "must" is coded as 1, represented by circle in the diagram.

3. "he" is coded as 7. Hence, he : 8 is incorrect combination.

4. "fine" is coded as 6, as can be seen in the diagram.

Hence, "he : 8" is the correct answer.

Hence, the unfolded paper will be similar to option 4.

The seating arrangement is given below

Here only position of G is given that is South East and They all are seated in anti clock wise manner so, H should be on the right hand side of G as all are facing towards center, accordingly we can mark the positions as shown in the figure above.

We can see that H is seating in east direction with respect to center. 

Hence, H : West is the correct option.

Figure in option 2 is hidden in the figure given in question as :

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

1) +, ×, -, ÷, =

Given expression is 36 * 4 * 9 * 27 * 9 * 150

Replacing * with mathematical signs, we get :

36 + 4 × 9 - 27 ÷ 9 = 150

L.H.S = 36 + 4 × 9 - 27 ÷ 9

= 36 + 4 × 9 - 3

= 36 + 36 - 3

= 72 - 3

= 69 (False)

2) ÷, ×, -, +, =

Given expression is 36 * 4 * 9 * 27 * 9 * 150

Replacing * with mathematical signs, we get :

36 ÷ 4 × 9 - 27 + 9 = 150

L.H.S = 36 ÷ 4 × 9 - 27 + 9

= 9 × 9 - 27 + 9

= 81 - 27 + 9

= 81 - 36

= 45 (False)

3) ÷, ×, +, -, =

Given expression is 36 * 4 * 9 * 27 * 9 * 150

Replacing * with mathematical signs, we get :

36 ÷ 4 × 9 + 27 - 9 = 150

L.H.S = 36 ÷ 4 × 9 + 27 - 9

= 9 × 9 + 27 - 9

= 81 + 27 - 9

= 108 - 9

= 99 (False)

4) ×, +, -, ÷, =

Given expression is 36 * 4 * 9 * 27 * 9 * 150

Replacing * with mathematical signs, we get :

36 × 4 + 9 - 27 ÷ 9 = 150

L.H.S = 36 × 4 + 9 - 27 ÷ 9

= 36 × 4 + 9 - 3

= 144 + 9 - 3

= 153 - 3

= 150 (True)

Hence, ×, +, -, ÷, = is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is :

Conclusions :

1. Some men are drivers. → False (It is possible but not definite)
2. No shop-keepers are engineer. → False (It is possible but not definite)
3. Some shop-keepers are not engineers. → True 

Hence, only conclusion 3 follows.

Here, the first four alphabets of the given word are arranged alphabetically and then last four alphabets of the given word are arranged alphabetically.

Therefore, given word is "GRACEFUL"

First four alphabets are GRAC. If arranged alphabetically, it will be written as ACGR

Last four alphabets are EFUL. If arranged alphabetically, it will be written as EFLU

Combining both terms we get ACGREFLU.

Hence, ACGREFLU is the correct answer.

The dictionary order will be :

1. Passed
2. Passport
3. Pastor
4. Pastry
5. Pectoral

Hence, Pastor is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

78 + 15 = 93

93 + 25 = 118

118 + 35 = 153

153 + 45 = 198

198 + 55 = 253

Hence, 118 is the correct answer.

In options 1), 2), 3), the difference between the positional value of first and second alphabet is 7, second and third alphabet is 6, third and fourth alphabet is 5 and so on whereas alphabets in option 4) does not follow this pattern.

The pattern followed is :

Hence, "OBGWS" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Second number = The sum of square of digits of the first number.

4² + 5² = 16 + 25 = 41

Similarly,

Fourth number = The sum of square of digits of the third number.

2² + 7² = 4 + 49 = 53

Hence, 53 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, "ELVA" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

For single digit positional value, two is multiplied with the positional value.

For two digit positional value, digits are added. 

 

Similarly, 

Hence, 4103141834 is the correct answer.

The information given in the question is P and R do not learn Spanish. S learns French. P does not learn German.

The only language left for P is English. Therefore,

Hence, P is the correct answer.

24 students have scored more marks than Vineet.

Vineet < 24 students

19 students have scored lesser marks than Surbhi

19 students < Surbhi

Arti has scored more marks than Surbhi, but lesser marks than Vineeet.

Surbhi < Arti < Vineet

Arti has scored lesser marks than 29 students and more marks than 26 students.

26 students < Arti < 29 students

Therefore, 26 + 1 + 29 = 56

Hence, 56 is the correct answer.

The dictionary order is :

5. Senile,
6. Settee,
7. Settings,
8. Settle,
9. Settlement

Hence, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1 is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is :

Conclusions :

1. All helicopters are scooters. → True (as shown in the diagram)
2. Some aero-planes are helicopters. → False (it is possible but not definite)
3. No aero-plane is helicopter. → False (it is possible but not definite)

Thus, conclusions 2 and 3 form a complementary pair.

Hence, "Conclusion 1 and either conclusion 2 or 3 follow" is the correct answer.

The information given in the question can be summarized with the help of following diagram :

Distance between A and D can be calculated using Pythagoras Theorem.

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Height)²

(AC)² = (AD)² + (CD)²

130^{2 =} (AD)² + 120²

16900 = (AD)² + 14400

(AD)² = 16900 - 14400

(AD)² = 2500

AD = 50 m

Similarly, BD = 50 m

Therefore, AB = 100 m

Hence, 100 m is the correct answer.

Given expression is 63 D 7 B (9 A 4) A 24 C (264 D 88)

 

Replacing A with 'addition', B with 'multiplication', C with 'subtraction', D with 'division' and applying BODMAS Rule,

63 ÷ 7 × (9 + 4) + 24 - (264 ÷ 88)

= 63 ÷ 7 × 13 + 24 - 3

= 9 × 13 + 24 - 3

= 117 + 24 - 3

= 141 - 3

= 138

Hence, 138 is the correct answer.

Wheat falls under the category of Cereal where as Asafoetida is a spice which is entirely a different category.

The logical Venn diagram is :

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

1. H and S are opposite letters. S + 6 = Y

2. D and W are opposite letters. W + 6 = C

3) F and U are opposite letters. U + 7 = B

4. K and P are opposite letters. P + 6 = 22

Hence, FUB is the correct answer.

In the morning, Sun rises in the East and shadow of object falls in the West.

In the evening, Sun sets in the West and shadow of object falls in the East.

Shadow of Amit falls to the right of Asvini. This means that right of Asvini is the East direction. The diagram will be :

Therefore, Amit is facing to the South.

Hence, South is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, "BMMFD" is the correct answer.

According to the information given in the question :

Given expression :

K ÷ Q × M + R × D + H - L → K is brother of Q. Q is wife of M. M is son of R. R is wife of D. D is son of H. H is husband of L

Possible family tree diagram will be :

L is the paternal grandmother of M.

Hence, Paternal grandmother is the correct answer.

Here, the letters of the word "FRIDGE" are reversed and written as "EGDIRF". The diagram will be :

So, "GROUND" will be written as "DNUORG". The diagram will be :

Hence, "DNUORG" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is :

Conclusions:

1) Some plates are spoons → True

2) Some spoons are scissors → True

3) Some plates are scissors → True

Hence, "All of the conclusions follow" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Row 1: (16 - 12)² × 2 = 4² × 2 = 16 × 2 = 32

Row 2: (36 - 24)² × 2 = 12² × 2 = 144 × 2 = 288

Row 3: (49 - 37)² × 2 = 122 × 2 = 144 × 2 = 288

Hence, 288 is the correct answer.

Let the missing number be x.

The pattern followed here is :

Column 1: (11 + 17) × 4 = 28 × 4 = 112

Column 2: (29 + 23) × 4 = 52 × 4 = 208

Column  3: (22 + x) × 4 = 156

⇒ 88 + 4x = 156

⇒ 4x = 156 - 88

⇒ 4x = 68

⇒ x = 17

Hence, 17 is the correct answer.

According to the information given in the question :

1) D & S # K % U @ Z → D is brother of S. S is sister of K. K is son of U. U is husband of Z

In this case U is a male. Therefore, this option is rejected.

2) D % S # K & Z @ U → D is son of S. S is sister of K. K is brother of Z. Z is husband of U

Possible family tree diagram will be :

In this case, S is the mother of D. Therefore, this option is rejected.

3) D & S # K % Z @ U → D is brother of S. S is sister of K. K is son of Z. Z is husband of U

Possible family tree diagram will be :

Therefore, U is the mother of D.

4) U & S # K % Z @ D → U is brother of S. S is sister of K. K is son of Z. Z is husband of D

In this case U is a male. Therefore, this option is rejected.

Hence, "D & S # K % Z @ U" is the correct answer.

The circle, non-filled oval and filled oval are moving in the clockwise direction amongst themselves.

Thus, in the answer figure, we should get the circle at the top left corner of the square. Using this, we can eliminate options 3 and 4.

Now, the rectangle box is alternating between the lower right and the lower left corners of the square.

Thus, in the answer figure, we should get the box in the lower right corner. This eliminates option 1.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Foreign Exchange Management Act.

Foreign Exchange Regulations Act (FERA) is an act that imposes strict regulations on

• Foreign exchange dealings
• Securities and transactions having an indirect impact on foreign exchange
• Import and export of foreign currency
• On conservation and optimal utilization of foreign exchange so as to promote economic development and growth
• Certain kinds of payment in foreign currency.
• FERA was passed in India in the year 1973 and it came into effect from 1^st January 1974.

Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) is the act of the Parliament of India

• To amend and consolidate regulations and laws related to foreign exchange
• To facilitate external trade and payments for promoting the orderly maintenance
• To develop foreign exchange markets in India.
• FEMA was passed in the winter session of Parliament on 29^th December 1999.
• FEMA paved the way for the introduction of the Prevention of Money Act, 2002 which became effective from 1^st July 2005.
• FEMA acts as a regulatory mechanism enabling the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Central Government to pass rules related to Foreign exchange as per the Foreign Trade Policy of India.
• FERA was replaced by FEMA in 1998 by the Government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

The correct answer is Speaker of Lok Sabha.

• Business Advisory Committee of Lok Sabha came into existence for the first time on 14^th July 1952.
• It consists of 15 members including the Speaker of Lok Sabha who acts as an ex-officio chairman of the committee and members are nominated by the speaker.
• Every year in the first week of June a new committee formed by the Speakers assumes office.
• The committee generally meets at the beginning of each session and after that as and when needed.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is the presiding officer and highest authority of the house of people also known as the lower house of Parliament.
• The first speaker of Lok Sabha was Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar and the first female speaker was Meira Kumar.
• The current speaker of Lok Sabha is Om Birla who succeeded Sumitra Mahajan. (January 2021)
• The vote of the speaker is decisive i.e if there is a tie in voting on a particular matter then only the speaker can vote and his vote leads to the ultimate decision.
• The tenure of the speaker of Lok Sabha is five years.
• Prime Minister has the real executive authority.
• The term of Prime Minister is not fixed he/she holds office during the pleasure of the President.
• If the Prime Minister loses the confidence of the Lok Sabha, he/she must resign or the President can dismiss him/her.
• The Prime minister provides advice to the President for the appointment of the Attorney General of India, Solicitor General of India, Ministers, etc.
• Finance Ministry is the apex controlling authority of the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Economic Service, Indian Cost Accounts Service, and Indian Civil Accounts service.
• The first Finance Minister of India is Ramasamy Kandasamy Shanmukham Chetty.
• The current Finance Minister is Nirmala Sitharaman. (January 2020)
• President is the head of the ​country i.e He is considered to be the First Citizen of the country.
• The President has the Supreme Command on the Defence Forces.
• The President is elected by the method called Electoral College in which only elected members of both the houses of parliament i.e Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and the Legislative assemblies of the states can participate.
• The President is elected after every 5 years but in between if the President desires he/she can give his resignation to the Vice-President and till the new President is appointed the Vice-President will act as President. The new President must be appointed within 6 months period.
• The President can be removed from office by impeachment on the ground of violation of the Constitution of India.
• The President can stay in his office until the new President is not elected or he is not removed by impeachment.
• The person who is already the President is eligible for re-election.
• The Oath or affirmation is given to the President by the Chief Justice of India and in his absence by the Senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.

The correct answer is 1956.

Lakshadweep was formed under the States Reorganisation Act 1956. In this act, the states were reorganized on a linguist basis. The first state to be reorganized under this act was Andhra Pradesh.

• In Malayalam and Sanksrit the word Lakshadweep means "a hundred thousand islands".
• Lakshadweep consists of a group of 36 islands, 12 atolls, 3 reefs, 5 submerged banks, and 10 inhabited islands.
• It is the smallest Union Territory with an area of only 32 sq km.
• Only Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Airtel provide telecommunication services to Lakshadweep out of which BSNL provided services to all 10 inhabited islands and Airtel provide service to Kavaratti and Agatti islands.
• Kolkali, Parichakali, and Lava are the most popular folk dances of Lakshadweep.
• Capital:- Kavaratti.
• Governor:- Shri Praful Patel. (February 2021)
• The State of Nagaland was formally inaugurated on December 1^st, 1963, as the 16^th State of the Indian Union.
• Capital: Kohima. (February 2021)
• Chief Minister: Neiphiu Rio.
• Governor: Ravindra Narayan Ravi.

The correct answer is Pride and Prejudice.

Some important Books and Authors:-

The correct answer is Ostrich.

Key Points

Ostrich is one of the largest flightless bird in the world.

• The scientific name of the Ostrich is Struthio Camelus.
• They are native to Africa.
• It is one of the fastest running bird.
• They eat stones as they don't have teeth when food reaches the gizzard (second stomach) the stones present in the gizzard helps in grinding.
• They eat plant matter and invertebrates.

Image of Ostrich bird

Emu is the second-largest living bird by height.

• Dromaius novaehollandiae is the Scientific name of Emu.
• They are mostly found in Australia.
• They are soft-feathered flightless birds.
• Gizzard (second stomach) is also present in emu.
• They eat leaves, grass, fruits, native plants, and insects.

Image of the Emu bird

Kiwi is a flightless bird.

• The scientific name of Kiwi is Apteryx Mantelli.
• They are mostly found in New Zealand.
• Its egg is one of the largest in proportion to the body size up to 20 percent of the female's weight of any species of bird in the world.
• They eat small stones as they don't have teeth when food reaches the gizzard (second stomach) the stones present in the gizzard helps in grinding fibrous food.
• They eat plant material, seeds, berries, and insects.

Image of Kiwi

Flamingo is the wading bird.

• The scientific name of Flamingo is phoenicopterus roseus.
• They are mostly found in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
• They eat small fish, insects, blue-green algae, etc.

Image of Flamingo

The correct answer is China.

Wild giant pandas are now found only in China.

• They are also known as Panda bear.
• The scientific name of the giant panda is Ailuripoda melanoleuca.
• They mostly eat leaves, stems, and shoots of various bamboo species, and they even eat other plants and meat.

Image of the wild giant panda

The correct answer is Protein.

• Table showing Deficiency, Scientific name of Vitamins, and Diseases caused.

Key Points

The correct answer is Bhutan.

• The capital of Bhutan is Thimpu.
• It is a landlocked country in the eastern Himalayas.
• It shares its border with China but does not share a border with Nepal and Bangladesh.
• The religion practised in this state is mostly Buddhism.
• the current president of Bhutan is Lotay Tshering.
• Bhutan is also known as "Druk Yul" or "Land of the Thunder Dragon".

Image of Traditional dress of Bhutan

The correct answer is Barren Island.

Key Points

• Barren Island is the only active volcano in India located in Andaman and Nicobar island.
• It is located in North and Middle Andaman.
• The first eruption of the volcano took place in 1787 since then the volcano has erupted more than 10 times.
• The recent eruptions were in 2017.
• Andaman and Nicobar island (Union Territory)
• Capital: Port Blair.
• Governor: D. K. Joshi. (February 2021)
• The number of islands: 572 islands out of which only 37 islands are permanently inhabited.
• Folk dance: Nicobari dance.
• Famous festival: Pig festival.
• Division Channel: 10-degree channel divides Andaman and Nicobar Island.
• Long Island is located in New York state.
• Neil island** is located in the Andaman and Nicobar island famous for sunset views, coral reefs, etc.**
• The other name of Neil island is Sir Hugh Rose island.

The correct answer is China.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation is the full form of UNESCO.

• UNESCO is a specialized agency of the united nations formed to promote world peace and security through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
• At present193 countries are members of UNESCO, Palestine was the last country to become a member of UNESCO. The United States of America and Israel left UNESCO on 31^st December 2018.
• The headquarters of UNESCO is in Paris, France.
• UNESCO was formed on 16^th November 1945.
• The current head of UNESCO is Audrey Azoulay.
• UNESCO gives Kalinga prize for achievement in the field of Science.

Image of UNESCO Logo

Some important UNESCO world heritage sites and their locations:

The correct answer is Krishna.

Key Points

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The correct answer is Papain.

• Papain is an enzyme that works as a meat tenderiser.
• Papain is obtained from immature papaya fruits which are 75 to 90 days old.
• Pusa Gaint variety of papaya gives maximum papain.
• Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).
• Papain when extracted in powder form can be stored for 6 months at 9°C.
• Papain is used in textile and leather sanforization processes and drugs.

Additional Information

• Amylase:
• Amylase is a protein made by your pancreas and by glands in and around your mouth and throat. It helps you break down carbohydrates and starches into sugar.
• Trypsin: 
• Trypsin is an enzyme that helps us digest protein. In the small intestine, trypsin breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach.
• Lipases: 
• Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Lipases are present in pancreatic secretions and are responsible for fat digestion.

The correct answer is Qin Shi Huang.

• The Terracotta Army of China describes the life-sized figures found near the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.
• He is the first emperor of China.
• He was the founder of the Qin dynasty.

Image of Qin Shi Huang

The correct answer is 1982.

• The first Asian Games to introduce a mascot was New Delhi 1982.
• The first mascot is Appu, an elephant, was chosen.
• The first-ever Asian Games were held in New Delhi in 1951.
• Asian Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation from 1951 to 1978.
• Since 1982, the Olympic Council of Asia regulates the Asian Games.

The correct answer is phosphorus.

• Minerals in food are the elements present in food that are required by our body to develop and function properly.
• There are many examples of minerals in food
• Macrominerals are also called Major minerals.
• sodium,
• calcium,
• chloride,
• magnesium,
• potassium,
• phosphorus, and
• sulfur.
• Microminerals are also called trace minerals.
• iron,
• copper,
• iodine,
• zinc,
• manganese,
• fluoride,
• cobalt, and
• selenium.

Additional Information

• Functions of Minerals
• Sodium- Maintains cellular osmotic pressure, helps in maintaining blood volume and blood pressure and the fluid balance in the body, and regulates the acid-base balance of the body.
• Chloride- Maintains proper blood volume, blood pressure, and pH of our body fluids.
• Copper- The formation of red blood cells, helps with the functioning of the nervous system.
• Magnesium- Provides structure for the healthy bones, Produces energy from the food molecules, maintains proper functioning of muscle and nervous system.
• ​Iron - helps in transporting oxygen to all parts of the body, Produces, and stores the energy for further metabolisms.
• Calcium - Helps blood clotting, helps muscle contraction and nerve function, Essential for building strong and healthy bones.
• Potassium - controls nerve impulses and muscle contractions. Helps in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Maintains proper functioning of muscle and nervous system.

The correct answer is Michelle Obama.

Some important Books and Authors:-

The correct answer is Harish Salve.

• Harish Salve was appointed as Queen’s Counsel for the courts of England and Wales.
• Other important Latest appointments.

 

Image of Harish Salve:

The correct answer is Part X.

The Constitution of India is grouped into 25 parts which are as follows:-   

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Natal Indian Congress was founded by Mahatma Gandhi (father of Nation) in 1894.

The correct answer is transforming trash and debris into the Rock Garden of Chandigarh.

• Nek Chand Saini is a self-taught Indian artist, known for building the Rock Garden of Chandigarh, an eighteen-acre sculpture garden in the city of Chandigarh.
• He was a roads inspector for the Public Works Department in India's first modern planned City Chandigarh who was was awarded the Padma Shri by Government of India in 1984.
• In 1982, a postage stamp was issued with his work on it.
• He passed away on June 12, 2015.
• The garden is now cared for by his son, Anuj Saini, and the Nek Chand Foundation.

The correct answer is Vir Chakra.

The correct answer is polyphenol oxidase.

• When an apple is cut, it gets discoloured due to the presence of the enzyme known as polyphenol oxidase.
• The brown colour of the apple after cutting is due to Chemical changes.
• Chemical changes are a change when a substance combines with another to form a new substance.
• A fresh apple when cut turns brown after some time because of a Chemical Change.
• When an apple is cut the oxygen from the air comes in contact with it and rapidly oxidize phenolic.
• Brown Apple is safe to eat.
• Bruises in fruit are caused by enzymatic browning.
• It is due to the chain of biochemical reactions known as enzymatic browning.
• It is due to Enzymes known as polyphenol oxidase (PPO).
• This results in new chemicals (o-quinones), which then react with amino acids to produce brown-coloured melanins.

The correct answer is Kaushambi.

The correct answer is 1951.

Key Points

• Finance Commission is a Constitutional body that defines the financial relationship between the Central Government and the State Government.
• The first Finance Commission came into existence on 22^nd November 1951 and its Chairman was Kshitish Chandra Neogy.
• The headquarters of the Finance Commission is in New Delhi.
• Nand Kishore Singh is the Chairman of the 15^th Finance Commission (February 2021) preceded by Dr. Yaga Venugopal Reddy.
• Dr. Arvind Panagariya is the current chairman of SIXTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSION OF INDIA
• Arvind Mehta is the Secretary of the current Finance Commission. (February 2021)

Additional Information

• The President of India constitutes the Finance Commission every five years which consists of a chairman and four other members.
• Article 280 of the Constitution of India deals with the Finance Commission and Article 243I deals with the State Finance Commission.
• The bodies which are mentioned in the Indian Constitution and are considered more powerful and Independent are known as Constitutional bodies, and those which are not mentioned in the Constitution are known as Non-Constitutional bodies. Finance Commission is a Constitutional body.
• Governor constitutes Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of Panchayats and Municipalities.

The correct answer is Kathmandu.

• The Swayambhunath Stupa is located at Kathmandu.
• Other important stupas are:

The correct answer is England.

• Former Indian cricketer Bapu Nadkarni was known for bowling a record 21 successive maiden overs in a test match against England in 1964.
• He was best known for bowling a record 21 successive maiden overs in a Test match.
• Former India all-rounder Bapu Nadkarni passed away in Jan 2020.
• He played 41 Tests in which he scored 1414 runs and grabbed 88 wickets with 6/43 as his best bowling figures.
• The Nashik-born cricketer made his Test debut against New Zealand in Delhi in 1955.

The correct answer is Mahabharata.

Key Points

There are two major Sanskrit epics:-

1. Mahabharata:-

• Mahabharata was written by Maharishi Ved Vyas.
• There are one lakh verses and 18 parvas in Mahabharata.
• Mahabharata is also called Jaisamhita and Satasahasri Samhita.
• Bhagavad Gita is a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide Lord Krishna. Chapter 23-40 of the 6^th book of Mahabharata contains Bhagavad Gita.

2. Ramayana:-

• Ramayana was written by Valmiki.
• There are 24,000 verses and 7 Kanda in Ramayana.
• It is also known as Adi Kavya.
• Arthashastra is a book dealing with principles of economics and it is written by Chanakya also known as Vishnugupta or Kautilya.
• Chandragupta Maurya the ruler of the Maurya dynasty with the help of Chanakya overthrew the Nanda dynasty and established the Maurya dynasty.
• The book Arthashastra was written in the Sanskrit Language.
• Rigveda is the oldest text in the world composed in 1700 BC.
• It contains 1028 hymns and 10 mandalas.
• It contains Purushsukta which contains four varnas they are as follows:-
• Brahmans born from the mouth
• Kshatriya born from arms
• Vaishya born from thighs
• Shudra born from the feet
• of the creator Brahma.
• The third Mandal of Rigveda contains Gayatri Mantra by Vishwamitra.
• It also describes the battle of ten kings and king Sudas near Purushini (Ravi) river and KIng Surdas won it.
• In Rigveda, Saraswati is the deity river.

The correct answer is Manpreet Singh.

Image of Manpreet Singh

The correct answer is 1527.

The correct answer is Tooth enamel.

Explanation:

• Dental enamel is primarily composed of a mineral called hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate compound. 
• Calcium (Ca): A key component that provides structural strength to the enamel.
• Phosphate (PO₄): Combines with calcium to form calcium phosphate, which is the principal mineral found in teeth and bones.
• Hydroxide (OH): Forms part of the hydroxyapatite crystal, contributing to its stability and hardness.
• Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that helps to prevent tooth decay by making the tooth enamel more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth. It can also help to reverse early decay.
• The number of teeth that are developed twice in the lifetime of human beings is 20.
• Tooth enamel is the strongest part of our body.
• Tooth enamel is a thin outer covering of teeth.
• It makes our teeth white and it exists to protect the crowns of healthy teeth.
• Tooth decay occurs in human beings due to the destruction of tooth enamel.
• Tooth enamel is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals, which is calcium Phosphate.
• Scurvy (bleeding of gums) is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.
• The scientific name of Vitamin C is ascorbic acid.
• Orange, Lemon, and Gooseberry is the rich source of vitamin C.

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide,

Carbon dioxide is used in the manufacture of soft drinks because when compared with other gases it is more stable and dissolves better in water.

• It gives drink dizziness which reacts with water and forms carbonic acid which produces a lemonish flavour.
• Carbon dioxide is made up of one atom of carbon and two oxygen atoms. The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO₂.
• When hydrocarbon fuels such as wood, coal, natural gas, gasoline, and oil are burned carbon dioxide is released.
• The percentage of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 0.04%.

Oxygen is the member of the Chalcogen group in the periodic table its symbol is O.

• It is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that instantly reacts with other elements in nature.
• The ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful Ultra Violet rays that cause skin cancer is an allotrope of three oxygen atoms.
• The atomic number of oxygen is 8. In the atmosphere 21% oxygen is present.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a tasteless, highly inflammable, colourless, and odourless gas available in the atmosphere which is less dense than air.

• If carbon monoxide enters the human body then it sticks with oxygen-carrying haemoglobin and creates clotting of blood inside the human body which is very dangerous and leads to death.
• Carbon monoxide is made up of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. Its molecular formula is CO.
• Carbon monoxide forms when there is partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds i.e in a situation where there is less oxygen to form carbon dioxide for example: operating a stove, incomplete combustion of coal in the fireplace at homes when all doors are closed.

Radon gas is highly used in the treatment of cancer.

• Radon is a Noble gas i.e they are very stable and do not react with any other gas present in the atmosphere.
• The symbol of Radon is Rn and its atomic number is 86.
• It is one of the rarest elements found in nature because it has a life of only 3.8 days.
• It is radioactive in nature.
• Radon gas was discovered by Friedrich Ernst Dorn a German chemist in 1900 when he was studying the decay chain of radium.

The correct answer is Ala Singh.

• The first ruler of the Patiala dynasty was Ala Singh (1695-1765).
• The rulers of the Patiala dynasty ruled the princely state of Patiala.
• This dynasty ruled from 1761 to 1967.
• The last king of the Patiala dynasty was Yadavindra Singh (1938).
• The most popular king of the Patiala dynasty was Maharaja Bhupinder Singh (1891-1938).
• The kings of Patiala was known for owning the highest cricket ground in Chail.
• They were the first Indian to own a car and aircraft (Wright brothers model-B craft).

Important dynasties in Indian History are as follows:-