SSC Steno 2020 Official Paper (Held on: 22 Dec 2020 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The least possible Venn diagram is :

Conclusions:

I. Some doors are pillows. → True (as some pillows are doors)

II. All beds are doors. → False (It is possible but not definite)

Hence, "only conclusion I follows" is the correct answer.

A possible family tree diagram is :

Hence, Levi is the brother in law of Christa.

Here, the digits of the first number in the series are multiplied to get the second number, then the digits of the second number are multiplied to get the third number and so on.

Therefore, the pattern followed here is :

9 × 4 = 36

3 × 6 = 18

1 × 8 = 8

Hence, 8 is the correct answer.

Given expression : 9 X 3 X 6 X 2 X 9

1. Replacing Xs with ÷, ×, =, × in the same order, we get

9 ÷ 3 × 6 = 2 × 9

Applying BODMAS rule on L.H.S and R.H.S, we get

L.H.S = 9 ÷ 3 × 6

= 3 × 6

= 18

R.H.S = 2 × 9

= 18

L.H.S = R.H.S 

2) Replacing Xs with ÷, ×, =, - in the same order, we get

9 ÷ 3 × 6 = 2 - 9

Applying BODMAS rule on L.H.S and R.H.S, we get

L.H.S = 9 ÷ 3 × 6

= 3 × 6

= 18

R.H.S = 2 - 9

= -7

L.H.S ≠ R.H.S 

3) Replacing Xs with ×, =, -, ÷  in the same order, we get

9 × 3 = 6 - 2 ÷ 9

Applying BODMAS rule on L.H.S and R.H.S, we get

L.H.S = 9 × 3

= 27

R.H.S = 6 - 2 ÷ 9

= 6 - 0.22

= 5.78

L.H.S ≠ R.H.S 

4) Replacing Xs with ×, ÷, +, =  in the same order, we get

9 × 3 ÷ 6 + 2 = 9

Applying BODMAS rule on L.H.S and R.H.S, we get

L.H.S = 9 × 3 ÷ 6 + 2

= 9 × 0.5 + 2

= 4.5 + 2

= 6.5

R.H.S = 9

L.H.S ≠ R.H.S 

Hence, "÷, ×, =, ×"  is the correct answer.

Let the price of the product be Rs 100

When the price is decreased by 35%, it becomes 100 - 35% of 100 = 100 - 35 = 65

Then it is increased by 20%. It becomes 65 + 20% of 65 = 65 + 13 = 78

Net change in the price of the product = {(Original Price - Changed Price)/Original Price} × 100

= {(100 - 78)/100} × 100

= 22

Hence, 22% is the correct answer.

Concept:

1. We have to check the conclusions are 100% match with the statement. If the conclusion is 100% match with the given statement then the conclusion is true. If there is a 1% chance of not following the statement then the conclusion is considered to be false.

2. The possibility case can be considered to be "false" in "definite case".

3. In Possibility case, either "can" or "possible" word must be present.

Explanation

The least possible Venn diagram is :

Conclusion:

I. All fans are fishes. → False (It is possible but not definite)

II. All swords are fans. → False (It is possible but not definite)

Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.

 

Additional Information

The pattern followed here is :

Row 1 : (8 + 5) × 3 = 13 × 3 = 39

Row 2 : (3 + 5) × 3 = 8 × 3 = 24

Row 3 : (4 + 5) × 3 = 9 × 3 = 27

Hence, 27 is the correct answer.

Honey is a viscous food substance made by honey bees and some related insects.

Milk is a liquid produced by all matures female mammals after they have given birth.

Dog is an animal.

So, there is no relationship between Honey, Milk, Dog.

The logical Venn diagram is :

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The path followed by Khanna is :

Khanna is 60 m in the east direction from the starting point Z.

Hence, 60 m, East is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is :

Conclusions:

I. Some mugs are pens. → True

II. All pens are mugs. → False (It is possible but not definite)

Hence, only conclusion I follows.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, 60 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

1762 ÷ 2 = 881

Similarly, 

2578 ÷ 2 = 1289

Hence, 1289 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, G is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, F is the correct answer.

The diagrammatic representation of the coded statements is as follows :

Therefore, the word and code combination is :

 Hence, "They Will" is the correct answer.

A is sweeter than D but not as sweet as B.

• B > A > D

D is sweeter than C.

• B > A > D > C

E and B are not as sweet as F. E is sweeter than A. 

• Case 1 : F > E > B > A > D > C
• Case 2 : F > B > E > A > D > C

In both the cases, C is the least sweet fruit.

Hence, C is the correct answer.

When opened, the paper will appear as :

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Ant and Bee both come under the category of Insects. 

The logical Venn diagram is :

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The question figure is hidden in the figure given in option 3 as :

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The shaded part on the right side in the first box is moving in an anti-clockwise direction. It moves 1 step then 2 steps then 3 steps and so on.

The other shaded part on the left side in the first box is moving in a clockwise direction. It moves 1 step then 2 steps then 3 steps and so on.

Thus, in the fourth and the fifth figures, the shaded parts overlap each other.

When they overlap each other it looks like one shaded portion is disappeared as the position of both the shaded portion is the same. 

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The mirror image is :

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, YVHGT is the correct answer.

In each row, difference of last and first number is multiplied by 3 to get the middle number.

Therefore, the pattern followed here is :

Row 1 : (14 - 6) × 3 = 8 × 3 = 24

Row 2 : (13 - 7) × 3 = 6 × 3 = 18

Row 3 : (9 - 4) × 3 = 5 × 3 = 15

Hence, 15 is the correct answer.

In option 1, 2 and 3, three is added in the positional value of first letter to get the second letter, then again three is added in the positional value of second letter to get the third letter and then four is subtracted from the positional value of third letter to get the fourth letter.

But in option 4, three is added in the positional value of first letter to get the second letter, then again three is added in the positional value of second letter to get the third letter and then five is subtracted from the positional value of third letter to get the fourth letter.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, C-F-I-D is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :

The numerical value is the sum of positional values of letters in the given word and number of letters in that particular word.

Number of alphabets in REINER = 6

Similarly,

Number of alphabets in SARA = 4

Similarly,

Number of alphabets in CHRISTA = 7

Hence, 85 is the correct answer.

Let 'x' will replace the question mark.

In each row, the sum of first and third number is equal to the sum of second and fourth number.

The pattern followed here is :

Row 1 : (26 + 14) = (17 + 23)

Row 3 : (29 + 21) = (32 + 18)

Row 2 : (17 + x) = (12 + 9)

⇒ (17 + x) = 21

⇒ x = 4

Hence, 4 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, HG is the correct answer.

According to the question the arrangement of English alphabet will be :

D appears on 17^th position from right.

Hence, D is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

339 - 55 = 284

284 - 55 = 229

229 - 55 = 174

174 - 55 = 119

Hence, 119 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, FQK is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, G is the correct answer.

The path followed by Rashmi is :

Using Pythagoras theorem to get the shortest distance :

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Height)²

Shortest distance between college and pastry shop = √((35)² + (15)²)

= √(1225 + 225)

= √(1450)

= 38.07 m ≈ 38 m

Shortest distance between house and pastry shop = √((35)2 + (15)2)

= √(1225 + 225)

= √(1450)

= 38.07 m ≈ 38 m

Shortest distance between college and house via pastry shop = 38 + 38 = 76 m

Hence, 76 m is the correct answer.

The path followed by Katrina is :

The shortest distance between ice cream parlour and central park can be calculated using the Pythagoras theorem.

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Height)²

= √(15)² + (30)²

= √225 + 900

= √1125

= 33.5

Hence, 33.5 m is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, YN is the correct answer.

The possible family tree diagram is :

Hence, paternal cousin is the correct answer.

Mistake Points

• Lolita is Sarah's paternal aunt's daughter. Therefore, the answer would be paternal cousin.

1) +, =, ÷, ×, + 

Given expression is 12__4__2__2__5__3

Replacing __ with mathematical signs and applying BODMAS rule, we get :

12 + 4 = 2 ÷ 2 × 5 + 3

L.H.S = 12 + 4 

= 16

R.H.S = 2 ÷ 2 × 5 + 3

= 1 × 5 + 3

= 5 + 3

= 8

L.H.S ≠ R.H.S

2) ÷, ×, +, =, +

Given expression is 12__4__2__2__5__3

Replacing __ with mathematical signs and applying BODMAS rule, we get :

12 ÷ 4 × 2 + 2 = 5 + 3

L.H.S = 12 ÷ 4 × 2 + 2

= 3 × 2 + 2

= 6 + 2

= 8

R.H.S = 5 + 3

= 8

L.H.S = R.H.S

3) ÷, ×, -, =, ×

Given expression is 12__4__2__2__5__3

Replacing __ with mathematical signs and applying BODMAS rule, we get :

12 ÷ 4 × 2 - 2 = 5 × 3

L.H.S = 12 ÷ 4 × 2 - 2

= 3 × 2 - 2

= 6 - 2

= 4

R.H.S = 5 × 3

= 15

L.H.S ≠ R.H.S

4) ÷, ×, =, +, +

Given expression is 12__4__2__2__5__3

Replacing __ with mathematical signs and applying BODMAS rule, we get :

12 ÷ 4 × 2 = 2 + 5 + 3

L.H.S = 12 ÷ 4 × 2

= 3 × 2

= 6

R.H.S = 2 + 5 + 3

= 10

L.H.S ≠ R.H.S

Hence, ÷, ×, +, =, + is the correct answer.

In the given figures, the circle is moving in anti clockwise direction - first in the right direction, then up, then left.

Therefore, in the answer figure, the circle should move down. Based on this, we can eliminate option 1, 2 and 4.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, 84 is the correct answer.

Let the smaller number be 'x' and bigger number be 'y'

y - x = 2 → equation 1

y² - x² = 8

a² - b² = (a + b)(a - b)

(y + x)(y - x) = 8

(y + x) × 2 = 8

y + x = 4 → equation 2

Solving equation 1 and 2, we get

y = 3

x = 1

Hence, 3, 1 is the correct answer.

Let us fix the end positions first. It is given that one of the two women at the extreme ends is sharp and the other one is creative. Here two case arises :

Case 1 : Women at the left end is sharp and women at the right end is creative.

Case 2 : Women at the left end is creative and women at the right end is sharp.

A fragile woman is to the left of the creative woman and the strong woman is sitting between the sharp and the thin woman.

In case 2, creative woman is on the left end so seating fragile women on the left of creative women is not possible. Therefore, we reject case 2.

Considering case 1, we get :

So, counting from right fragile woman occupies second position.

Hence, second is the correct answer.

Let the age of Amit be 'x' years.

Age of Arjun = x + 6 years

Ratio of the ages of Amit and Arjun is 5 : 7

Therefore, 

x/x + 6 = 5/7

⇒ 7x = 5(x + 6)

⇒ 7x = 5x + 30

⇒ 2x = 30

⇒ x = 15

Amit's age is 15 years.

Hence, 15 is the correct answer.

Possible family tree diagram is :

Hence, Leorio is brother in law of Zeno.

Given expression : [{(21 × 17) - (3 ÷ 2)} + (3 - 2)] ÷ 2

'+' means 'divided by', '-' means 'add', 'times' means 'minus' and '÷' means 'multiplied by'

Replacing the symbols according to the question, we get

[{(21 - 17) + (3 × 2)} ÷ (3 + 2)] × 2

Applying the BODMAS rule, we get

[{4 + 6} ÷ 5] × 2

= [10 ÷ 5] × 2

= 2 × 2

= 4

Hence, 4 is the correct answer.

Let the missing term be 'x'.

The pattern followed here is :

In a colmun:

(First number + Second number) × 2  = Third number

Column 1 : (9 + 5) × 2 = 14 × 2 = 28

Column 2 : (4 + 8) × 2 = 12 × 2 = 24

Similalry,

Column 3 : (x + 5) × 2 = 42

x + 5 = 21

x = 21 - 5

x = 16

Hence, 16 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Hence, ZYX is the correct answer.

T is better than S.

T > S

Q is better than R.

Q > R

O is better than P.

O > P

Q is not as good as P.

P > Q

S is better than O.

S > O

Combining all the relations, we get

T > S > O > P > Q > R

Hence, T is best at knitting.

The pattern followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, VTS is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

Similarly,

Hence, UWX is the correct answer.

F is at the last seat on the right side. D is sitting exactly between B and F.

E is sitting on the last seat at the one end of the row. Since F is already at right end, hence, E is sitting at left end.

B is at the immediate right of A.

A is sitting to the immediate right of C.

A is sitting on 3^rd position from left.

Hence, A is the correct answer.

In option 2, 3 and 4 there is a difference of three in positional values of letters whereas in option 1 there is a difference of three in positional value of first two letters and difference of two in last two letters.

Hence, GDB is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is pyramids.

Key Points 

• The Jamia Masjid in Srinagar does NOT resemble any of the great mosques of the larger Islamic world, owing to the replacement of domes by the multi-tiered roofs in the shape of pyramids.
• One of the best examples of traditional Kashmiri wooden architectural forms is the khanqah.
• INTACH literature defines it as being entirely made of solid wooden blocks used with brick infill as headers and stretchers.
• A double-height hall with a collection of seven small cloisters on both sides, intended for spiritual retreats, is the central room on the ground floor of this 14^th-century shrine.
• The layout is similar to a Buddhist chaitya hall, while four wooden columns, often seen in the temples of medieval Kashmir, support the ceiling of the central chamber.
• A multi-tiered pyramidal roof with an open square pavilion (brangh) in the middle surmounts the entire building. A spire is crowned the brangh, officially establishing the continuity of the practices of Hindu and Buddhist construction.

Important Points

• An unusual combination of vernacular architecture with Mughal elements is considered to be the mausoleum-shrine complex of Shaikh Hamza Makhdum, who was a leading Suharwardi Saint of Kashmir during the 16^th century.
• It was commissioned in 1600 during Akbar's reign and was renovated in 1703. The shrine combines design techniques such as taq and naqashi ornamental instruments, and a three-tiered pyramidal roof surmounts the main room.

The Correct Answer is Panchayats.

Key Points

• Under Article-243. Definitions.-
• In this section, unless the context requires otherwise,-
• (a) 'District' shall mean a district within a State;
• (b) 'Gram Sabha' means an agency composed of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village within the Panchayat district at the level of the village;
• (c) 'Intermediate level' means the intermediate level between the level of the village and the level of the district defined by the Governor of a State for the purposes of this Part by public notification;
• (d) 'Panchayat' means, for rural areas, an agency (by whatever name) of self-government, constituted under Article 243B;
• (e) 'Panchayat area' means the Panchayat territorial area;
• (f) 'Population' means the population of which the related figures have been published, as determined in the last preceding census;
• (g) 'Village' means a village appointed by the Governor to be a village for the purposes of this Part by public notice and includes a collection of villages so designated.

Important Points

• Article-243A. Gram Sabha.- A Gram Sabha can exercise such powers and perform such functions at the level of the village as may be provided for by law by the legislature of a State.
• Under Article-243B. Constitution of the Panchayats.-
• (1) Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district level shall be constituted in each State, in accordance with the provisions of this Section.
• (2) Despite any of the provisions of clause (1), the intermediate Panchayats may not be constituted in a State with a population not exceeding twenty lakhs.
• In Article-243D. Seat reservation.
• Under Article-243O. Bar to judicial interference in electoral issues.

The Correct Answer is cloud.

Key Points

• The Cumulonimbus is a thick, towering vertical cloud, created by strong upward air currents from water vapour.
• These clouds can be referred to as thunderheads if seen during a storm. Cumulonimbus may form alone, in clusters, or along squall lines along the cold front. These clouds, including tornadoes and hailstones, are capable of generating lightning and other dangerous extreme weather.
• Cumulonimbus is advancing from overdeveloped clouds of cumulus congestus and may grow further as part of a supercell.
• The abbreviation for Cumulonimbus is Cb. Generally, towering cumulonimbus clouds are surrounded by smaller clouds of cumulus.

Important Points

• The base of cumulonimbus can stretch several kilometres and occupy low to medium altitudes, developed at altitudes ranging from about 200 to 4,000 m.
• A flat, anvil-like top (anvil dome) caused by wind shear or inversion near the tropopause characterizes well-developed cumulonimbus clouds.
• Cumulonimbus storm cells, as well as straight-line winds, may produce torrential rain of a convective nature (often in the form of a rain shaft) and flash flooding.
• When the dew point temperature of water in the presence of condensation nuclei in the troposphere is reached, clouds form.

The Correct Answer is brick.

Key Points

• The word laterite is used in the ‘laterite soil’ has been derived from the Latin word that means brick.
• With 90–100% of iron, aluminium, titanium, and manganese oxides, laterite soil is reddish to yellow in colour with a lower content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, and magnesia. Under high-temperature conditions and heavy rainfall, laterite soil is created with alternating wet and dry cycles, which contributes to soil leaching, leaving only iron and aluminium oxides.
• Due to a lower base-exchanging potential and a lower nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, it lacks fertility. Proper irrigation and fertilizer use, however, makes it ideal for growing crops, such as tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut, etc.
• It also promotes paddy (rice) growth in low-lying areas. One of the important sources of building material is laterite soil since it can easily be cut with a spade, but when exposed to sunlight, it hardens like iron.
• Laterite soil is widespread in India, covering more than 10% of the total geographical area, namely the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats (Rajamahal Hills, Vindhyas, Satpuras, and Malwa Plateau), Southern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand, Kerala, Assam, and Meghalaya.

The Correct Answer is Periyar.

Key Points

• Periyar is the longest river in the Indian state of Kerala and the river with the highest discharge capacity. It is one of the region's only perennial rivers and provides many major cities with drinking water.
• The Periyar is of utmost importance to the Kerala economy. It produces a large proportion of the electrical power of Kerala through the Idukki Dam and flows through an area of industrial and commercial operation. The river has been named the "Lifeline of Kerala" for these reasons.

Important Points

• The East Flowing Rivers are The Ganga, the Brahmaputra, the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Cauvery, the Penneru, the Penneiyar, the Vaigai, and the Subarnarekha.
• The East Flowing Rivers have Have large catchment areas and form deltas not estuary.
• They flow towards the Bay of Bengal.

Additional Information

• In the Odisha state of eastern India, the Brahmani is a major seasonal river. The Brahmani flows through the districts of Sundargarh, Deogarh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Cuttack, Jajapur and Kendrapara and is created by the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers.
• The Subarnarekha River flows through the Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha states of India.
• The Palar river is a southern Indian river. It rises in the Nandi Hills in Karnataka State's Chikkaballapura district and flows 93 kilometres in Karnataka, 33 kilometres in Andhra Pradesh and 222 kilometres in Tamil Nadu before reaching its confluence in the Bay of Bengal at Vayalur, about 100 kilometres south of Chennai.

The Correct Answer is Bhaichung Bhutia.

Key Points

• Former Indian Football Captain Bhaichung Bhutia received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Times of India Sports Award, 2019.
• At the fourth Times of India Sports Awards (TOISA) 2019 in New Delhi, World Champion Shuttler PV Sindhu was named Sportsperson of the Year.
• Sindhu, the Olympic silver medallist from Rio who won the World Gold Championship in Basel, Switzerland, also won the Unbreakable Spirit of Sports award last year.
• The Lifetime Achievement Award was given to former Indian football captain Bhaichung Bhutia, while hockey legend and three-time Olympic gold medallist Balbir Singh Sr was honoured with the Icon of the Century award.
• The Mentor of the Year award was won by national badminton coach Pulella Gopichand, while former shooter Jaspal Rana was recognized as the Coach of the Year.
• When she was named as the Badminton Player of the Year in the women's category, Sindhu bagged a hat-trick of awards, while B Sai Praneeth won recognition from male shuttlers.
• India's first silver medalist pugilist in the world championship, Amit Phanghal, earned male boxer recognition, while Lovlina Borgohain won the female boxer title.

The Correct Answer is Es.

Key Points

• Einsteinium, with the symbol Es and the atomic number 99, is a synthetic element.
• It is the seventh transuranic component, as a member of the actinide series. Einsteinium, named after Albert Einstein, was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952.
• Its most common isotope, einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.47 days), is artificially produced from the decay of californium-253 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with an annual total output of one milligram.

Additional Information

• A complex process of separating einsteinium-253 from other actinides and products of their decay follows the reactor synthesis.
• In 1955, Einsteinium was used for the first time to synthesize 17 atoms of a new element, mendelevium.
• Einsteinium is a metal which is soft, silvery, paramagnetic. Its chemistry, with a preponderance of +3 oxidation state, is typical of late actinides; the +2 oxidation state is also accessible, particularly in solids.

The Correct Answer is xerophytes.

Key Points

• A xerophyte is a plant species that have adaptations to live in a desert or ice-covered or snow-covered area in the Alps or the Arctic, in a climate with little liquid water. Cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants are common examples of xerophytes.
• The structural features (morphology) and basic chemical processes (physiology) of xerophytes are variously adapted during dry periods to preserve water, which is also normal for storing large amounts of water.

Important Points

• A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that develops by its roots or through the salt spray, in soil or waters with high salinity, coming into contact with salty water, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores.
• Hydrophytes are plants that live in freshwater entirely or partially submerged. These plants do not face the issue of water scarcity. They also evolved pathways for excess water from their cells to be withdrawn.

The Correct Answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The Kingdom of Utkala was centred in the northern and eastern portions of the modern-day Indian state of Odisha and also included the districts of West Bengal's Bankura, Purulia and Midnapore.
• In the epic Mahabharata, with the names of Utkala, Utpala, and Okkal, this kingdom was mentioned. In India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana, it is said.
• The kingdoms of Bharata Varsha (Ancient India) were mentioned as the Dasarnas, the Mekalas (a kingdom west of Utkala) and the Utkalas (6:9).
• Utkalas were listed as being associated with the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra War.

The Correct Answer is striker.

Key Points

• Pradip Kumar Banerjee was a professional Indian footballer who played for the India national football team as a striker.
• He also captained the national team and became the national team's coach later on. In 45 official matches, he represented India and scored the country's 15 official goals.
• When the awards were organized in 1961, he was one of the first winners of the Arjuna Award.
• In 1990, he was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri and was named by IFFHS as the 20^th Century Indian Footballer. He won the FIFA Order of Merit in 2004, the highest honour granted by FIFA.

Additional Information 

• He represented India in three Asian Games, namely the Tokyo Asian Games of 1958, the Jakarta Asian Games of 1962, where India won the football gold medal, and then the Bangkok Asian Games of 1966.
• He was part of the national team that played in Melbourne at the 1956 Summer Olympics, where they made it to the Semi-Finals.

The Correct Answer is 1972.

Key Points

• At the 1972 Munich Games, the Indian hockey team won a bronze medal, its tenth consecutive medal at the Olympics. In Munich in 1972, as in Mexico, the script folded.
• India rounded off with a second bronze medal in a row. It was agreed by the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) to send a young team to the 1972 Olympics.
• This time, there were only four members of the 1968 Olympic squad picked. Three of them were Perumal Krishnamurthy, Ajit Singh and the veteran Harbinder Singh. The fourth, Harmek Singh, was appointed the side's captain.
• The coach was KD Singh Babu, captain of the Olympic-winning Indian hockey team in 1952, and the manager was two-time Olympic gold medallist Keshav Dutt.
• The young squad, which boasted exciting players such as Ashok Kumar, son of hockey wizard Dhyan Chand, and Leander Paes' father Vece Paes, were inspired by legendary figures.

Additional Information

• India first took part in the 1900 Olympic Games, with a lone competitor (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals in athletics, both silver.
• The nation first sent a team to the 1920 Summer Olympic Games and has since taken part in every Summer Games. India has participated in several Winter Olympic Games, starting in 1964. 28 medals have been won by Indian athletes, all at the Summer Games.
• India's national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition for a period of time, winning eleven medals in 12 Olympics between 1920 and 1980.
• The run consisted of a total of 8 gold medals and six consecutive 1928-1956 gold medals.

Confusion Points Indian team won bronze in 2020 Tokyo Olympics after defeating Germany 5–4. This was a historic win as the Indian Hockey team won a medal in Olympics after a gap of 41 years. However, 2020 is not given in the option thus 1972 is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon.
• It lies in the rain-shadow region of the south-western monsoon's Arabian Sea branch.
• The Myanmar coast and parts of southeast Bangladesh are affected by the Bay of Bengal branch.
• The Arakan Hills along the Myanmar coast, however, deflect a significant part of this branch toward the Indian subcontinent.
• The monsoon, therefore, from the south and south-east instead of from the south-west direction, enters West Bengal and Bangladesh. From here, under the impact of the Himalayas and the thermal low in northwest India, this branch splits into two.
• There is a stronger branch of the Arabian Sea than the Bay of Bengal branch. 65% of the humidity produced by the monsoon comes from the Arabian Sea, while only 35% of the humidity comes from the Bay of Bengal.

The Correct Answer is Frontier.

Key Points

• The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is a curve in business analysis that shows the variations in the quantities that can be generated from two goods if both depend on the same finite resource for their production.
• In economics, the PPF also plays a crucial role. It can be used to illustrate the argument that the economy of every nation achieves the greatest degree of productivity when it only produces what it is best able to manufacture and exchange for the remainder of what it wants with other nations.
• The PPF is also known as the curve of the possibility of output or the curve of transformation.
• In macroeconomics, the PPF is the stage at which the economy of a country produces its different goods and services most effectively and, thus, allocates its capital in the best possible way.
• When more or less of the quantities indicated by the PPF are generated by the economy, resources are handled inefficiently and the economic stability of the nation will deteriorate.
• The frontier of production possibility shows that there are, or should be production limits. An economy must determine what combination of goods and services can and should be created, in order to achieve productivity.

The Correct Answer is 3,000 crores.

Key Points

• The path to employment, particularly better-paying jobs, runs through skills training. The equation here is clear - the skilled are more productive, and more should be paid to those who are preferably productive. Vocational training, therefore, has been the focus of the government.
• This was reinforced again in the 2020 Budget, introduced by Nirmala Sitharaman, the Finance Minister. In 2020-21, the government suggested providing about Rs 99,300 crore for the education sector and about Rs 3,000 crore for the growth of skills.
• The government has established job opportunities in infrastructure building, operation and maintenance.
• The Minister also emphasized the value of apprenticeship programs, which are arguably the best kind of skills to be learned in realistic circumstances.
• Minister of Finance added that the government is proposing to launch a program whereby urban local bodies across India will provide new engineers with internship opportunities for a duration of up to one year.
• Public urban authorities carry out public works and there is an incentive for rookie engineers to brush up their skills.

Additional Information

• The Union Budget 2022-23 allocated ₹3517.3 crore for skill development. This was an increase of 17.3% over the revised allocation of ₹2999 crore for the previous financial year (2021-22). The increased allocation was aimed at providing more opportunities for skill training to unemployed youth and enhancing their employability.
• ₹1500 crore for the Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) scheme
• ₹600 crore for the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 3.0 scheme
• ₹500 crore for the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS)
• ₹400 crore for the National Rural Skill Development Mission (NRSDRM)
• ₹300 crore for the Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS)
• ₹200 crore for the Skill Development Initiative (SDI)

The Correct Answer is IV.

Key Points

• The Directive Principles of State Policy figure in Part IV of the Constitution of India.
• The Guidelines or 15 Principles given to the federal institutions regulating the State of India are the Directive Principles of State Policy of India, to be held in quotation when framing laws and policies.
• These provide that Part IV of the Indian Constitution is not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are taken into account in the country's governance, making it the responsibility of the State to enforce certain principles in the development of laws to create a just society in the country.
• The principles were inspired by the Directive Principles of Social Justice, Economic Welfare, Foreign Policy and Legal and Administrative Matters in the Constitution of Ireland.
• The values of the Directive are categorized under the following categories: economic and socialist, political and administrative, legal and judicial, environmental, monument preservation, peace and security.

Important Points

• Fundamental rights are those rights that are important for the people of India to grow mentally, morally and spiritually. Since these rights are necessary or essential for individual life and all-round growth, they are called 'Fundamental Rights'. These are enshrined in the Constitution of India, Part III (Articles 12 to 35).
• Part VIII – The Union Territories
• Part III – Fundamental Rights

The Correct Answer is Water.

Key Points

• Water has the highest density at the room temperature.
• Approximately 1 gram/ cubic centimetre (1 g/cm³) is the water density. It is temperature-dependent, but this relationship is said to be non-linear, rather than monotonic in nature, and also unimodal.
• The liquid water appears to become increasingly dense as it is cooled from the room temperature, as with any form of material, but pure water is said to reach its maximum density at about 4 °C.
• A material's density is known as its mass per unit volume. It's a calculation of how tightly matter is packed together.
• It is possible to describe the density of a substance as the relationship between the mass of the substance and the volume it occupies.

Additional Information

• Coconut oil Density - 0.903 g/mL
• Mustard oil Density - 0.92 g/mL
• Olive oil Density - 0.917 g/mL

The Correct Answer is Aurobindo Ghosh.

Key Points

• The leading revolutionary organization in colonial Bengal was the Jugantar Party.
• The weekly Jugantar (New Era) was initiated in April 1906 by an inner circle within the Calcutta anushilan Samiti under barindrakumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Datta (with the advice of Aurobindo Ghosh).
• One of the two major underground revolutionary trends working for Indian independence in Bengal was Jugantar. This association began in the guise of a suburban fitness club, like Anushilan Samiti.
• Several members of Jugantar were arrested, hanged, or deported to the Cellular Jail in Andaman for life.
• Leaders such as Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta, Raja Subodh Mallik, set up the Jugantar party in April 1906.
• The primary leaders were Barin Ghosh and Bagha Jatin. They began gathering weapons, explosives and manufactured bombs, along with 21 revolutionaries. Jugantar's headquarters were at 27 Kanai Dhar Road, then at 41 Champatola 1^st Lane, Calcutta.

Important Points

• Sri Aurobindo joined the Indian independence movement from British rule, was one of its dominant figures for a while and then became a spiritual reformer, implementing his visions of human development and spiritual evolution.

The Correct Answer is Omar Abdullah.

Key Points

• In the midst of the coronavirus outbreak, former J &K Chief Minister Omar Abdullah's preventive detention was revoked.
• The order of release was released on March 24, 2020, by the administration of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Following the revocation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, the National Conference Party Leader was released after more than eight months of preventive detention under the Public Safety Act (PSA).
• At his Hari Niwas residence in Srinagar, the former J&K Chief Minister was held in preventive detention.
• Since August 5, 2020, when the special status of Jammu and Kashmir was revoked and the state was split into two union territories, he has been put under detention.
• The release of Omar Abdullah comes almost two weeks after the release of his father, Farooq Abdullah, also a former J&K Chief Minister, from house arrest on March 5, 2020.

Important Points

• On 5 January 2009, after forming a government in coalition with the Congress party**, Omar Abdullah** became the 11^th and youngest Chief Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Correct Answer Orange.

Key Points

• Orange colours have a wavelength longer than that of Yellow.
• The order of colours of light is called the visible light spectrum, arranged from the shortest wavelength to the longest.
• The photo below shows the visible spectrum of light, which ranges from violet to red. You might consider the continuum as the order of a rainbow of colours.
• But light waves may often have wavelengths shorter or greater than the wavelengths in the visible spectrum, although unlike some wavelengths, certain familiar forms of radiation are just light waves.
• Wavelengths shorter than violet light have ultraviolet light and x-rays, and wavelengths longer than red light have infrared (heat) and radio waves.

Important Points

The Correct Answer is Rakhigarhi - Punjab.

Key Points

• Rakhigarhi is a village located 150 kilometres northwest of Delhi, in the Hisar District in the state of Haryana in India.
• It is the site of a settlement of the pre-Indus Valley Civilization dated back to around 6500 BCE.
• Later, it was also part of the advanced civilization of the Indus Valley, dating from 2600-1900 BCE. The site is situated about 27 km from the seasonal Ghaggar River in the Ghaggar-Hakra River plain.

Important Points

• Lothal, situated in the Bhāl district of the present state of Gujarāt, was one of the southernmost towns of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. The town's development started around 2200 BCE. Discovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated by the Archeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government department for the protection of ancient monuments, from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960.
• Kalibangān is a town on the left or southern bank of the Ghaggar River in Tehsil Pilibangān, 205 km between Suratgarh and Hanumangarh in Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan.
• Alamgirpur is an archaeological site of the civilization of the Indus Valley that thrived from the Harappan-Bara period along the Yamuna River (c. 3300-1300 BC), situated in the Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh.

The Correct Answer is S. Venkataraghavan.

Key Points

• S. Venkataraghavan was the captain of the Indian cricket team in the inaugural world cup in 1975.
• Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan is a former cricketer from India. In the first two ICC Cricket World Cups, he captained the Indian cricket team and later became an umpire on the elite International Cricket Council Test panel.
• For any Indian player, his Test career was one of the longest ones. From 1973 until 1975, he also played for Derbyshire in English county cricket.
• He is a recipient of Padma Shri's civil honour.
• Venkat retired in 1985 from first-class cricket. He became a cricket administrator and the Indian Test side was handled. He was awarded the 2003 Padma Shri.

The Correct Answer is opportunity.

Key Points

• The amount of other goods and services that must be sacrificed to obtain more of anyone good is called the opportunity cost of the good.
• In microeconomic theory, the price of opportunity is what we get in exchange for intervention. To illustrate, the cost of chance is the disadvantage or gain that might have been enjoyed if the alternate path was selected.
• The aim of opportunity costs is to make optimal usage of finite capital as a reflection of the relationship between scarcity and preference. It requires, both overt and implied, all related costs of a decision.
• The cost of opportunity often involves the utility or economic gain wasted by a person, indeed it is more than the cash payment or action is taken.
• As an example, there may not be any financial costs involved in going for a walk.

The Correct Answer is Gorakhpur.

Key Points

• The incident of Chauri Chaura occurred on 4 February 1922 in Chauri Chaura in the United Province district of Gorakhpur (modern Uttar Pradesh) in British India, when a large number of demonstrators involved in the Non-cooperation campaign clashed with the fire-opening police.
• The protesters assaulted and set fire to a police station in revenge, killing all its inhabitants. The incident resulted in three people and 22 policemen being killed.
• On 12 February 1922, as a direct consequence of this event, Mahatma Gandhi, who was purely against violence, suspended the non-cooperation campaign at the national level.

Additional Information 

• Indians, led by Mahatma Gandhi, became active in a national non-cooperation movement in the early 1920s.
• Protests were initiated by the Indian National Congress to oppose repressive government legislative initiatives, such as the Rowlatt Act, with the eventual aim of swaraj or liberation, using non-violent means of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha.

The Correct Answer is Akbar and Hemu.

Key Points

• On 5 November 1556, between the Hindu emperor of North India, Hemu, and the armies of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, the Second Battle of Panipat was fought.
• By defeating the Mughals led by Tardi Beg Khan at the Battle of Delhi and declaring himself Raja Vikramaditya at a coronation in Purana Quila in Delhi, Hemu had captured the states of Delhi and Agra a few weeks earlier.
• At Panipat, not far from the site of the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, the two armies clashed.

Important Points

• The First Battle of Panipat was fought between Babur's invading forces and the Lodi dynasty on 21 April 1526.
• The Battle of Chausa was fought between the Mughal emperor, Humayun, and the Afghan, Sher Shah Suri.
• The Battle of Ghaghra, fought in 1529, was the Mughal Empire's major battle for the conquest of India. The First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and the Battle of Khanwa in 1527 followed suit. In the war against the Eastern Afghan Confederates under Sultan Mahmud Lodi and the Sultanate of Bengal under Sultan Nusrat Shah, the armies of now Emperor Zahir ud-Din Muhammad Babur of the emerging Mughal Empire were joined by Indian allies.

The Correct Answer is 1935.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India superseded the Government of India Act, 1935.
• The Government of India Act 1935 was an Act of the United Kingdom's Parliament. In August 1935, it originally obtained royal assent.
• It was the longest (British) Parliament Act ever enacted until it was surpassed by the Greater London Authority Act of 1999. Due to its duration, the Act was retroactively split into two separate Acts by the Government of India Act, 1935:
• The Government of India Act, 1935: having 321 sections and 10 schedules.
• The Government of Burma Act, 1935: having 159 sections and 6 schedules.
• The Act led to:
• Foundation of RBI.
• PPSC, JPSC, FPSC
• Federal Court in 1937.
• Bicameralism in 6 provinces (Bombay, Bihar, Madras, Bengal, Assam and United Provinces) out of 11 provinces.

Important Points

• The Indian Independence Act of 1947 is an Act of the UK Parliament separating British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan.
• On 18 July 1947, the Act obtained Royal Assent and thus India and Pakistan, comprising the regions of West (modern-day Pakistan) and East (modern-day Bangladesh), came into being on 14 August.

The Correct Answer is Armed.

Key Points

• The Special Powers Act of the Armed Forces (AFSPA), 1958, is an act of the Parliament of India granting the Indian Armed Forces special powers to maintain public order in "disturbed areas".
• The region must preserve the status quo for a minimum of 3 months, according to the Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976, until deemed 'disturbed'.
• The Naga Hills, then part of Assam, were subject to one such act enacted on 11 September 1958.
• The Acts also attracted criticism from many parts for alleged questions about human rights abuses alleged to have occurred in the regions of its implementation.

Important Points

• The 1942 Armed Forces Special Powers Ordinance was enacted to curb the Leave India Movement by the British on 15 August 1942.
• Four ordinances are modelled on these lines: the Bengal Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance; the Assam Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance; the East Bengal Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance; the Central Government was invoked by the United Provinces Disturbed Areas (Special Powers of Armed Forces) Ordinance to deal with the internal armed forces.

The Correct Answer is 25 - 28.

Key Points

• The right to freedom of religion is guaranteed by Articles 25 to 28 of the constitution of India.
• Article 25: Religious freedom of conscience and freedom of profession, practice and dissemination.
• Article 26: Freedom of religious relations management.
• Article 27: It addresses the freedom from taxation for the promotion of any religion.
• Article 28: Freedom of participation in religious instruction or religious worship in some institutions of education.
• Although the right to freedom of speech and expression (Article 19) envisages the ideology of freedom of religion in India because, after the formation of Pakistan, many Muslims, apart from Sikhs, Parsees, Christians and others, were scattered throughout India.

Important Points

• The right to freedom ensures, among other things, the freedom of people to live a dignified life. These are given in the Indian Constitution in Articles 19, 20, 21A and 22.
• Articles 23 and 24 from the Constitution of India enshrine the Right against Exploitation. These are essential fundamental rights which ensure the protection of every citizen from any kind of forced labour.
• Article 14-18: The right to equality guarantees that everyone is treated fairly before the law, prohibits discrimination on different grounds, considers everyone as equal in public employment matters, and removes untouchability and titles (such as Sir, Rai Bahadur, etc.).

The Correct Answer is The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.

Key Points

• The Ministry of Utmost Happiness is Indian writer Arundhati Roy's second book, released in 2017, 20 years after her debut, The God of Small Things.
• The novel weaves together the stories of people navigating some of modern Indian history's darkest and most violent episodes, from land reform that dispossessed poor farmers to the burning of the Godhra train in 2002 and the Kashmir insurgency.

Important Points

• A Suitable Boy is a novel that was published in 1993 by Vikram Seth. The English-language book is one of the longest novels written in a single volume, with 1,349 pages (1,488 pages in paperback).
• Sea of Poppies (2008) is a novel shortlisted in 2008 for the Man Booker Prize by the Indian writer Amitav Ghosh.
• Fasting, Feasting is a novel by the Indian writer Anita Desai, first published by Chatto and Windus in 1999 in Great Britain.

Additional Information

• Suzanna Arundhati Roy is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things (1997), which won the 1997 Man Booker Award for Fiction and became a non-expatriate Indian author's best-selling book.
• She is also a political activist interested in human rights and environmental causes.

The Correct Answer is (S)he should be a Graduate.

Key Points

• Eligibility for the election of President of India:
• (S)he should be a citizen of India
• (S)he must have completed the age of 35 years
• (S)he should be qualified for the election as a member of the Lok Sabha
• (S)he must not hold any office of profit under the government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the Government (Article 58)

Important Points

• The President of India is the ceremonial head of state of India, and the Indian Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief.
• An electoral college comprising the Parliament of India (both houses) and the legislative assemblies of each of the states and territories of India, all of whom are themselves directly elected, indirectly elects the President.
• Though Article 53 of the Constitution of India provides that the President can, with a few exceptions, exercise his powers directly or through a subordinate authority, all the executive powers conferred on the President shall, in practice, be exercised by the Prime Minister (a subordinate authority) with the assistance of the Council of Ministers.

The Correct Answer is Kirti Stambh.

Key Points

• In order to celebrate his victory over Malwa, Rana Kumbha erected the Kirti Stambh at Chittor.
• Kirti Stambha is a 12^th-century tower in Rajasthan, India, located at Chittor Fort in Chittorgarh district.
• The 22 meters (72 ft) tower was designed by Jeeja Bhagerwala, a Jain merchant, during the reign of Rawal Kumar Singh in c. CE 1179–1191.

Important Points

• The Shaheed Minar(Ochterlony Monument) is a monument in Calcutta that was erected in 1828 in memory of Major-General Sir David Ochterlony, commander of the British East India Company, to commemorate both his successful defence of Delhi against the Marathas in 1804 and the victory of the armed forces of the East India Company over the Gurkhas in the Gurkha War of Anglo-Nepal.
• Namaste Tower, currently under construction in Mumbai, India, is a 310 m tall skyscraper. With 63 floors, it will be a mixed-use skyscraper that will house a 380-room W Hotel, office and retail space.
• To celebrate his triumph over Gujarat, Buland Darwaza was built in 1602 A.D. by the Mughal emperor Akbar.

The Correct Answer is Harivansh Rai Bachchan.

Key Points

• Harivansh Rai Bachchan was the first winner of the Saraswati Samman for his four-volume autobiography, Kya Bhooloon Kya Yaad Karoon, Basere Se Door, Needa Ka Nirman Phir and Dashdwar se Sopan Tak.
• The Saraswati Samman is an annual award in any of the 22 languages of India specified in Schedule VIII of the Constitution of India for outstanding literary works in prose or poetry.
• It is named after a goddess of wisdom from India and is considered to be one of India's top literary awards. The Saraswati Samman was founded by K. K. Birla in 1991.
• It consists of a citation and a plaque, Rs.15,00,000. A panel that included academics and former award winners chose candidates from literary works published in the previous ten years.

Important Points

• Amrita Pritam, who wrote in Punjabi and Hindi, was an Indian novelist, essayist and poet. She is considered the first influential female Punjabi author, novelist, essayist and the Punjabi language's leading 20^th-century poet, who is equally loved on both sides of the border between India and Pakistan.
• Mahasweta Devi was an Indian writer and an activist in Bengali. She has received several literary awards, including the Sahitya Akademi Award (in Bengali), the Jnanpith Award and the Ramon Magsaysay Award, as well as the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan Indian civilian awards.
• In Odia literature, Ramakanta Rath is one of the most popular modernist poets. In 1977, he won the Sahitya Akademi Award, Saraswathi Samman in 1992, Bishuva Samman in 1990, and the Padma Bhushan in 2006, India's 3^rd highest civilian honour.

The Correct Answer is 144.

Key Points

• As the United Nations released its World Happiness Report, India was ranked at a dismal 144. It surveyed a total of 156 nations. India scored 3.573 points, lower than Pakistan, which received 5.693 points, out of all the countries surveyed, ranking 66.
• India ranked 140 in the 2019 happiness index, dropping 4 positions compared to last year. Meanwhile, Pakistan, compared to last year's survey, gained a place in the ranking.
• For the third consecutive year, Finland was ranked first, scoring as much as 7.809 points.
• Denmark (7.646) and Switzerland (7.560) followed the country closely, ranked at 2 and 3 spots, respectively. The fourth and fifth places were respectively won by Iceland and Norway.

Important Points

• The World Happiness Report is a publication of the Sustainable Development Strategies Network of the United Nations.
• It includes national happiness articles and rankings, based on respondent ratings of their own lives, which are also associated with different life variables in the report.
• As of March 2020, Finland was ranked three years in a row as the happiest country in the world.
• The report primarily uses Gallup World Poll info. The public can download each annual report on the World Happiness Report website.

The Correct Answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• Tawlhlohpuan is a medium to the heavy, lightweight woven fabric of good quality from Mizoram. It is recognized for hand-made warp yarns, warping, weaving & complex designs.
• Mizo Puanchei from Mizoram is a colourful Mizo shawl/textile and is considered among Mizo textiles to be the most colourful.
• Tawlhlohpuan, which has a high significance in Mizo society, is produced as the main production centre in the state of Mizoram, Aizawl and Thenzawl city.

Important Points

• Himachal Pradesh Handicraft: Chamba Rumal, Metal Craft, Stone Carving and Pullas
• Tamil Nadu Handicraft: Tanjore Paintings, Jewelry, Woodcarving, Stone Carving and Pottery
• Assam Handicraft: Bell Metal Industry of Sarthebari, Brass metal and Fireworks Craft in Barpeta

The Correct Answer is Baul.

Key Points

• The Baul are a group of mystical minstrels or bards from the Bengal region of mixed elements of Sufism and Sahaja, like Bangladesh and the West Bengal, Tripura and Barak Valley of Assam Indian States.
• Both a syncretic religious sect and a musical tradition are Bauls. The Bauls are a rather heterogeneous group, with many sects, but mostly Vaishnava-Sahajiyas and Sufi Muslims belong to them.

Important Points

• Mando is a musical form that evolved among the Goan Catholics of Goa, India during the 19^th and 20^th centuries. The meeting point of local Goan and Western musical traditions is portrayed.
• Kajri, derived from the Bhojpuri word Kajra, or Kohl, is a genre of semi-classical singing popular in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, originating from the Indian subcontinent.
• Lavani is Maharashtra's most popular folk style. Traditionally, female artists sing songs, but male artists will sometimes sing Lavanis.

The Correct Answer is 77 °Fahrenheit​.

Key Points

• Celsius is used in most of the world to calculate temperatures. At 0° Celsius, water freezes and boils at 100 °Celsius.
• Fahrenheit is a scale widely used in the United States for calculating temperatures.
• °Fahrenheit = {(9/5) x °Celsius} + 32
• °Fahrenheit = (9/5) x 25 + 32
• °Fahrenheit = 45 + 32
• °Fahrenheit = 77°

Additional Information

• 80 °Fahrenheit = 26.67 °C
• 75 °Fahrenheit = 23.89 °C
• 87 °Fahrenheit = 30.56 °C

The Correct Answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• To combat coronavirus**, the Kerala government** has launched a mass handwashing campaign called 'break the chain'.
• The goal of the campaign is to educate individuals about the value of public and private hygiene.
• The government has built water taps at public spots, such as at the entrance and exit gates of the railway stations with hand wash bottles, during this campaign.
• The government of Kerala also encourages individuals to use hand sanitisers while they are outside. In all workplaces, sanitisers have been made available as well.

 

Additional Information

• Chief Minister of Kerala: Pinarayi Vijayan
• Governor of Kerala: Arif Mohammed Khan
• Capital of Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram

The Correct Answer is Rajeev Bagga.

Key Points

• Rajeev Bagga, a deaf badminton player born in India, represents Britain. He was the Indian national champion and, the only deaf person to do so, reached the main stage of the 1990 All England Open Badminton Championships.
• From 1989 to 2001, he won 12 golds and was singles champion at the Deaflympics, and was voted 'Deaflympian of the Century' in 2001 by the Comité International des Sports des Sourds (International Deaf Sports Committee).
• He received India's highest sporting honour, the Arjuna medal, in 1991. He narrowly missed his sixth gold at the 2009 Deaflympics.
• He won the gold medal in the men's singles at the World Deaf Badminton Championships in 2003 and 2007.

Important Points

• Jwala Gutta is a professional badminton player from India. She represented India at international events in both mixed and women's doubles beginning in the late 1990s.
• Ami Ghia Shah, from Gujarat, is a former badminton player. She is a seven-time champion of national singles, a twelve-time winner of doubles and a four-time winner of mixed doubles.
• Pullela Gopichand is a retired badminton player from India. Presently, he is the Indian Badminton team's Chief National Coach.

The Correct Answer is 200.

Key Points

• The year 2020 marks the nth year of the famous Oersted’s Experiment, where n is equal to 200.
• In electromagnetism, the law of Oersted is the physical law that states that a magnetic field is formed by an electric current.
• The Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851) discovered this on 21 April 1820 when he found that the needle of a compass turned next to a wire carrying current so that the needle was perpendicular to the wire.
• Ørsted investigated the physical law defining the magnetic field, now known as the law of Oersted, and discovered it.
• The discovery of Oersted was the first relation discovered between electricity and magnetism, and the first of two laws connecting the two; the other is the law of induction of Faraday.

Important Points

• By the right-hand law, the orientation of the magnetic field at a point, the direction of the arrowheads on the magnetic field lines, which is the direction in which the "north pole" of the compass needle points, can be found from the current.
• The fingers will curl around the wire in the direction of the magnetic field if the right hand is wrapped around the wire so that the thumb points in the direction of the current (conventional current, positive charge flow).

The Correct Answer is three.

Key Points

• On the basis of the prominent relief features, the peninsular plateau of India can be divided into three broad groups: The Central Highlands, the Deccan Plateau and the Northeastern Plateau.
• The Central Highlands: the northern segment of the peninsular plateau.
• Location: North of Narmada river.
• Bounded to the west by the Aravallis.
• Satpura ranges lie in the South.
• General Elevation: 700-1,000 m above the sea level
• Highlands consist of Marwar upland, Madhya Bharat Pathar, Malwa plateau, Bundelkhand plateau, Baghelkhand plateau, Chhotanagpur plateau
• The Deccan Plateau: Lies to South of the Narmada River.
• Bordered by: Western Ghats in the west. 
• The Eastern Ghats in the east.
• Mahadeo hills, Satpura  and Maikal range in the north.
• The Northeastern Plateau: is separated from peninsular rock base by the Garo-Rajmahal gap.
• The highest point of the plateau is Shillong (1,961 m).
• The region has the Khasi, Jaintia, Garo and Mikir (Rengma) hills.

The Correct Answer is 24^th December.

Key Points

• On December 24, National Consumer Rights Day is observed every year.
• The Consumer Protection Act 1986 gained Presidential approval on this day in 1986 and thereby came into effect.
• The Act seeks to provide meaningful protections for consumers against various forms of exploitation, such as faulty products, service failures and unfair trade practices.
• This day offers an opportunity for individuals to highlight the value of the campaign for consumer rights and the need to make their rights and responsibilities more conscious of any consumer.
• 'Jago Grahak Jago' is a consumer awareness campaign initiated by the Department of Consumer Affairs, which means 'Be Aware consumer'.
• As part of this initiative, through print, television advertising, audio campaigns and video campaigns for consumer knowledge and education, the government has used platforms to build consumer awareness.

Additional Information

• Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution: Piyush Goyal

The Correct Answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Rajasthan does NOT share its boundary with Maharashtra State.
• Rajasthan State occupies an area of 342,239 square kilometres, which is 10.4% of India's total geographical area.
• It is by area the largest Indian state and by population the seventh-largest. Rajasthan is situated on India's northwestern side, where it comprises much of the vast and inhospitable Thar Desert ('the Great Indian Desert') and shares a boundary along the Sutlej-Indus River Valley with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west.
• It is bordered by five other Indian states: north by Punjab; northeast by Haryana and Uttar Pradesh; southeast by Madhya Pradesh; and southwest by Gujarat.

Important Points

• On 30 March 1949, when Rajputana, the name adopted by the British Raj for its regional dependencies, was incorporated into the Dominion of India, the state was created. Jaipur is its capital and largest city.
• Jodhpur, Kota, Bikaner, Ajmer, Bharatpur and Udaipur are other important cities. With Rs. 10.20 lakh crore in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of Rs. 118,000, Rajasthan's economy is the seventh-largest state economy in India.
• Rajasthan is ranked 29^th in the index of human development among Indian states.

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Additional Information 

• Rajasthan Chief Minister: Ashok Gehlot
• Rajasthan Governor: Kalraj Mishra

The Correct Answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• The origin of the cuisine Daal-Baati-Churma can be traced to Rajasthan state.
• ​In most areas of Rajasthan and in some parts of the Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat states of India, Baati is a hard, unleavened bread.
• It is valued for its long shelf life and its high nutritional content, and for the limited amount of water required for its preparation in desert areas.
• Baati is usually eaten with dal, also known as dal baati. Litti (cuisine), popular in eastern Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi) and western Bihar, is also closely associated with Baati.
• Typically served with baatis and dal, Churma is a popular delicacy. It is ground wheat crushed coarsely and cooked with butter and sugar clarified by ghee.

Additional Information

• Assam famous cuisine- Maasor Tenga, Aloo Pitika, Paror Mangxo, Baanhgajor Lagot Kukura
• Andhra Pradesh famous cuisine- Pulihora, Chepa Pulusu, Andhra Biryani, Gutti Vankaya Koora
• Bihar famous cuisine-  kebabs, litti chokha, Bihari boti, sattu paratha

The Correct Answer is Einsteinium.

Key Points

• Einsteinium, with the symbol Es and the atomic number 99, is a synthetic element.
• It is the seventh transuranic component, as a member of the actinide sequence. Einsteinium, named after Albert Einstein, was discovered as a part of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952.
• Its most common isotope, einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.47 days), is artificially manufactured from the decay of californium-253 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with an annual total output of one milligram.

 

Important Points 

• Fermium, with the symbol Fm and the atomic number 100, is a synthetic element.
• With the symbol Cf and atomic number 98, Californium is a radioactive chemical component.
• With the symbol Md (formerly Mv) and the atomic number 101, Mendelevium is a synthetic component.

The Correct Answer is 7.

Key Points

• The SI consists of 7 base units that describe the 22 units with special names and symbols that are derived. In international trade, the SI plays an important role and is widely used in scientific and technical research and development.
• The modern form of the metric system is the International System of Units (SI). In almost every nation in the world, it is the only method of measurement with official status.
• It consists of a coherent system of measurement units beginning with seven base units, the second (unit of time with the symbol s), the meter (length m), the kilogram (mass, kg), the ampere (electric current, A), the kelvin (thermodynamic temperature, K), the mole (substance quantity, mol) and the candela(luminous intensity, cd).

Important Points

The Correct Answer is Konark Sun Temple.

Key Points

• Konark Sun Temple is a 13^th century CE Sun Temple at Konark on the coastline of Odisha, about 35 kilometres northeast of Puri.
• Around 1250 CE, the temple was attributed to king Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. What remains of the temple complex, dedicated to the Hindu Sun God Surya, has the appearance of a 100-foot high chariot with enormous wheels and horses, all built from stone.
• Much of the temple, once more than 200 feet high, is now in ruins, particularly the large shikara tower over the sanctuary; it stood at one time much higher than the remaining mandapa.

Important Points

• Sanchi Stupa is a Buddhist complex on a hilltop in Sanchi Town in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh State, India, famous for its Great Stupa. It is situated 46 kilometres north-east of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh's capital.
• In the architectural background of the Sultanate of Bengal, Dakhil Darwaza is literally the entrance gate, the largest structure of its kind. It was the main entrance to the Lakhnauti citadel, the Muslim word for Gaur. The gateway was the strongest and most elegant portal of entry ever erected in Bengal. It seems unsustainable to say that it was designed by Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1435-59 AD) at the time of the construction of his citadel.
• The Ajanta Caves are about 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India that date from the 2^nd century BCE to about 480 CE.

The Correct Answer is It's time to End TB!.

Key Points

• World Tuberculosis Day, which is celebrated every year on 24 March, is designed to raise public awareness of global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic and efforts to eradicate the disease.
• 10 million people became ill with TB in 2018, and 1.5 million died from the disease, mainly in countries with low and middle incomes. This makes it the largest cause of death from infectious disease as well.
• World TB Day, along with World Health Day, World Chagas Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Antimicrobial Awareness Week, World Immunization Week, World Malaria Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Hepatitis Day, TB Day is one of eleven official global public health initiatives marked by the World Health Organization (WHO), World Patient Safety Day and World AIDS Day.
• 24 March commemorates the day in 1882 when, by revealing to a small group of scientists at the Institute of Hygiene of the University of Berlin that he had discovered the cause of tuberculosis, TB bacillus, Dr Robert Koch astonished the scientific world.
• "It's time" is the theme for World TB Day 2019.

The Correct Answer is Mathematics.

Key Points

• The Abel Prize is a Norwegian prize given annually to one or more outstanding mathematicians by the King of Norway.
• It is named after Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829), a Norwegian mathematician, and directly modeled after the Nobel Prizes.
• The origin of the Abel Prize dates back to 1899 when the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie suggested its creation when he discovered that Alfred Nobel's proposals for annual prizes did not include a mathematics prize.
• The award ceremony takes place in the University of Oslo Auditorium, where between 1947 and 1989 the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded.
• An Abel symposium, administered by the Norwegian Mathematical Society, was also founded by the Abel Prize Board and takes place twice a year.
• In 2005, the Bernt Michael Holmboe Memorial Prize was created.

The Correct Answer is Montreal Protocol.

Key Points

• An international agreement adopted in 1987 is the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (the Montreal Protocol).
• To help protect the earth's ozone layer, it was planned to avoid the production and import of ozone-depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere.
• The Vienna Convention for the Defense of the Ozone Layer is protected by the Montreal Protocol (the Vienna Convention).
• Following the international discussion of scientific observations in the 1970s and 1980s highlighting the detrimental impact of human activity on ozone levels in the stratosphere and the discovery of the 'ozone hole', the Vienna Convention was adopted in 1985.
• The Montreal Protocol is commonly considered to be the most effective agreement for environmental protection. It sets out a mandatory timetable for the phase-out of pollutants that deplete ozone.
• This timeline has been periodically revised, with phase-out dates accelerated in line with scientific understanding and technical advancement.
• For all major ozone-depleting compounds, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons and less harmful transitional chemicals such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs), the Montreal Protocol sets binding progressive phase-out obligations for developed and developing countries.

The Correct  Answer is 4.

Key Points

• Methane is a chemical substance with the CH₄ chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).
• It is a hydride of group-14 and the simplest alkane and is the primary natural gas constituent. The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an economically attractive fuel, however, under normal temperature and pressure conditions, extracting and storing it poses technical difficulties due to its gaseous nature.
• Naturally occurring methane, which is produced by both geological and biological processes, is present both below ground and under the seafloor.
• In the form of methane clathrates, the largest source of methane is under the seafloor.
• A one-carbon compound in which four hydrogen atoms are bound to the carbon by single bonds. It is a gas that is colourless, odourless, non-toxic yet flammable (b.p. −161°C).

The Correct Answer is Prithviraj Kapoor.

Key Points 

• Prithviraj Kapoor was born in Samundri, Punjab, British India, on November 3, 1906, as Prithvinat Kapoor. Popular for Mughal-E-Azam (1960), Maharathi Karna (1944) and Anath Ashram, he was an actor and director (1937).
• In the silent age of Hindi cinema, he began his career as an actor, affiliated with IPTA as one of its founding members and who founded in 1944 the Prithvi Theatres, a touring theatre company based in Mumbai.
• He was the patriarch of the Kapoor Hindi film family, four generations of which have played active roles in the Hindi film industry, starting with him, with two generations now active in Bollywood.
• He also appeared in Sākshatkāra, a Kannada film. However, in his movie Awara, his dad, Basheshwar Nath Kapoor, also played a brief role.
• For his contributions to Indian cinema, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1969 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1971.

Important Points

• Talat Mahmood was an Indian playback singer who is known as one of the most famous Indian movie songs and ghazal singers. In 1992, in recognition of his creative achievements in the areas of cinematic and ghazal music, Talat Mahmood received the Padma Bhushan award.
• Geeta Dutt was a popular Indian playback singer and a well-known classical Hindi and Bengali artist.
• Manna Dey(Prabodh Chandra Dey) was an internationally acclaimed Indian playback vocalist, music director, singer, and classical Indian vocalist.