SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 17 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Given interchange rules:

• ‘÷’ and ‘×’ are interchanged.
• ‘+’ and ‘−’ are interchanged.

The given equation is:

31 − 5 ÷ 7 + 27 × 9 = ?

After applying the interchange rules, the equation becomes:

31 + 5 × 7 − 27 ÷ 9 = ?

Now, we solve the equation following the BODMAS rule:

= 31 + 5 × 7 − 27 ÷ 9

= 31 + 35 − 3

= 66 − 3

= 63

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing letters in the series is GHHG.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given coded language is: 

<br>

1. The letters common to both words are 'D', 'I', and 'M'.
2. The codes common to both words are 3, 7, and 9.

<br>

3. The word 'MIND' has 'N' which is not in 'DIMS', and its corresponding code is the unique digit 2.

 

Thus, the code for 'N' is 2.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed here is:

Pattern: Letter A moves counterclockwise and its water image changes in every step.

Letter P moves in an anticlockwise direction and its mirror image changes in every step.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given Expression: K × L ÷ M + N – O

K × L: K is the wife of L. (K is female, L is male)

L ÷ M: L is the father of M. (L is male)

M + N: M is the mother of N. (M is female)

N – O: N is the brother of O. (N is male)

Family Tree Representation:

The gender of O is not specified.

K is the mother of M, and M is the mother of N.

Therefore, K is the mother's mother of N, also known as the maternal grandmother.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The paper appears when unfold:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

TQ 100 to SR 10

 

WO 9 to VP 3

 

Applying the Logic to JP 121:

 

Thus, JP 121 to IQ 11.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Seven people, L, M, N, O, W, X and Y, are sitting in a row, facing north.

Only five people sit between W and X.

N sits to the immediate left of X.

Only one person sits between N and L.

M sits at some place to the left of O but at some place to the right of Y. 

Thus, M sits third from the left end of the line.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The given word is MONKEYS.

The new letter-cluster is E K M N O S Y.

The third letter from the left end is M.

The fourth letter from the right end is N 

The letters are M and N. There are 0 letters between M and N in the English alphabet.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 88.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The given figure (X) is embedded in:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed is:

ABYW to VWTR 

 

UVSQ to PQNL

 

Applying the Logic to GHEC:

 

Thus, GHEC: BCZX.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): KNG

Option (2): PRM

Option (3): EGB

Option (4): GID

PRM, EGB, and GID all follow the same pattern (+2, -5), while KNG follows a different pattern (+3, -7).

The odd letter-cluster is: KNG.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Given Series: H I _ L _ H _ K _ M H _ _ L M H I K _ _

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

1. MKILIKLM → H I M L K / H I K L M / H I K L M / H I K L M

2. MKLIIKML → H I M L K / H L K I M / H I I L M / H I K M L

3. KMLIIKML → H I K L M / H L K I M / H I I L M / H I K M L

4) KMILIKLM → H I K L M / H I K L M / H I K L M / H I K L M

The full sequence is (HIKLM) (HIKLM) (HIKLM) (HIKLM).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 50.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

(I): No tree is a flower → False (As, there is no direct relation between tree and flower)

(II): Some sand are trees → Flase (As, there is no direct relation between sand and trees)

Thus, Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

K, L, M, N, O, P and Q are sitting around a circular table, facing the centre.

M sits second to the right of L.

Q sits to the immediate right of M.

O sits fourth to the right of K.

N sits to the immediate left of P. 

Thus, N sits second to the left of L.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The Venn diagram that best illustrates the relationship between the following classes:

As there is no common relation between. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

'VSDO' is coded as '20-17-2-13'

'ILCY' is coded as '7-10- 1-23'

Similarly,

'QNRF' is coded as

Thus, 'QNRF' is coded as 15-12-16-4.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: If two dice have one face in common. Then the remaining surfaces are opposite to each other.

Opposite pairs

X ⇔ V

W ⇔ U

Z ⇔ Y

Thus, Z is opposite to face Y.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is 2001.

Key Points

• Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl E. Wieman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001.
• The award was given for their groundbreaking work on the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute gases of alkali atoms.
• This was the first experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation, a state of matter predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s.
• Their research opened up new possibilities for exploring quantum mechanics and studying matter under extreme conditions.
• The Nobel Committee recognized this achievement as a significant milestone in the field of atomic physics and quantum mechanics.

Additional Information

• Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC):
• BEC is a state of matter formed when a gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (0 Kelvin).
• Under such extreme conditions, a large fraction of the atoms occupy the same quantum state, forming a "superatom" with unique quantum properties.
• Satyendra Nath Bose's Contribution:
• Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose worked on the statistical mechanics of particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics, known as bosons.
• Albert Einstein extended Bose's work to predict the phenomenon of BEC in the 1920s.
• Experimental Setup by Nobel Laureates:
• Cornell and Wieman used a combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling techniques to achieve BEC in rubidium atoms in 1995.
• Ketterle refined the technique and demonstrated new properties of BEC, such as interference patterns between condensates.
• Applications of BEC:
• Bose-Einstein condensates are used to study quantum phenomena such as superfluidity and quantum vortices.
• They have potential applications in precision measurement, quantum computing, and simulations of complex quantum systems.

The correct answer is Bajirao Mastani.

Key Points

• Pandit Birju Maharaj won the Filmfare Award for Best Choreography in 2016 for the song "Mohe Rang Do Laal" from the film Bajirao Mastani.
• The song features Deepika Padukone portraying Mastani, performing intricate Kathak moves under Pandit Birju Maharaj's choreography.
• This win marked a significant moment as it showcased the integration of classical Indian dance forms in mainstream Bollywood cinema.
• Bajirao Mastani, directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, is a period drama based on the life of Peshwa Bajirao I and his love story with Mastani.
• Pandit Birju Maharaj is a legendary Kathak dancer and choreographer, known for his contribution to preserving and modernizing the dance form globally.

Additional Information

• Kathak
• Kathak is one of the eight major classical dance forms of India, originating from Uttar Pradesh.
• The word "Kathak" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Katha," meaning story, and "Kathakar," meaning storyteller.
• It is characterized by intricate footwork, spins, and expressive gestures (mudras) and facial expressions.
• Pandit Birju Maharaj is considered a doyen of the Lucknow gharana of Kathak.
• Bajirao Mastani
• Released in 2015, the film starred Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone, and Priyanka Chopra in lead roles.
• The movie is based on the historical romance of Maratha warrior Bajirao and his second wife Mastani.
• It received numerous accolades for its direction, performances, music, and choreography.
• Filmfare Award for Best Choreography
• It is an annual award presented by Filmfare as part of its Filmfare Awards for Hindi films.
• The award recognizes excellence in dance choreography in Bollywood films.
• Choreographers like Saroj Khan, Vaibhavi Merchant, and Farah Khan have won this award multiple times.
• Pandit Birju Maharaj's Contributions
• He was born on February 4, 1938, and hailed from a family of Kathak dancers.
• He modernized Kathak while retaining its traditional essence, making it more accessible to global audiences.
• He has been honored with numerous awards, including the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award.
• In addition to dance, he was also a gifted classical singer and percussionist.

The correct answer is Article 71.

Key Points

• Article 71 of the Indian Constitution deals with disputes related to the election of the President and Vice-President of India.
• It states that such disputes shall be inquired into and decided by the Supreme Court, whose decision shall be final and binding.
• The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over these election-related matters, ensuring neutrality and fairness in the resolution process.
• This article ensures that the highest judicial authority in the country addresses any irregularities or legal issues in the election process.
• Article 71 also emphasizes that no election of a President or Vice-President can be called into question on the ground of any vacancy or defect in the electoral college.

Additional Information

• Article 54: This article specifies the composition of the electoral college responsible for electing the President of India, which includes elected members of the Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies.
• Article 58: It lays down the qualifications required for a person to be eligible for election as the President of India, such as citizenship, age, and eligibility to become a Member of Parliament.
• Article 74: This article mentions the role of the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, in aiding and advising the President in the exercise of their functions.
• Supreme Court's Role: The Supreme Court acts as the ultimate authority to resolve disputes under Article 71, ensuring that the constitutional process of electing the President and Vice-President is upheld.
• Election Commission: While the Election Commission conducts elections for the President and Vice-President, disputes arising from such elections fall under the purview of Article 71, giving the Supreme Court the final decision-making authority.

The correct answer is Srimanta Sankardev.

Key Points

• Srimanta Sankardev was a 15th–16th century saint-reformer, scholar, and cultural icon of Assam.
• He introduced the Sattriya dance as a medium of propagating Vaishnavism and devotion to Lord Krishna.
• Sattriya dance is one of the eight classical dance forms of India, recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2000.
• The dance form originated in Sattras (Vaishnavite monasteries) established by Srimanta Sankardev in Assam.
• Sattriya incorporates mythological themes and is performed as an expression of devotion through storytelling.

Additional Information

• Srimanta Sankardev's Contribution:
• He was the founder of the Ekasarana Dharma, a neo-Vaishnavite religious movement in Assam.
• Sankardev composed Borgeets (devotional songs), Ankiya Nat (one-act plays), and other literary works to promote Bhakti.
• His teachings emphasized the unity of humanity, rejecting caste-based discrimination.
• Sattriya Dance Characteristics:
• It integrates elements of nritta (pure dance), nritya (expressive dance), and natya (dramatic storytelling).
• The dance is performed in traditional Assamese attire, such as the Paat silk.
• The accompanying music includes khol (drum), cymbals, and chanting of scriptures.
• Sattras:
• Sattras are Vaishnavite monasteries established by Srimanta Sankardev and his disciples.
• They served as centers for the practice of religion, culture, and education.
• Sattras continue to play a significant role in preserving Assamese culture and the Sattriya dance tradition.
• Recognition of Sattriya Dance:
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognized Sattriya as a classical dance form of India in 2000.
• Efforts are ongoing to promote and preserve the dance form globally.

The correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• The National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023, developed by NITI Aayog, includes 12 indicators across three key dimensions: health, education, and standard of living.
• The MPI measures poverty by assessing deprivation in multiple aspects of life beyond just income levels.
• The 12 indicators include nutrition, child mortality, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets, and bank accounts.
• It is part of India's efforts to align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Goal 1: "No Poverty."
• The National MPI leverages data from reliable sources like the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and other government data sets for accurate calculations.

Additional Information

• Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):
• Developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
• It uses indicators that reflect different aspects of poverty beyond monetary measures.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
• A global framework adopted by all UN member states in 2015 to achieve a better and more sustainable future by 2030.
• Goal 1 ("No Poverty") seeks to eradicate poverty in all its forms, including multidimensional poverty.
• National Family Health Survey (NFHS):
• A large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India.
• Provides essential data on health, nutrition, and standard of living indicators for MPI calculations.
• Dimensions of MPI:
• Health: Includes indicators like nutrition and child mortality.
• Education: Includes years of schooling and school attendance.
• Standard of Living: Includes access to cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, and assets.

The correct answer is Sarada FC.

Key Points

• Sarada FC, founded in 1879, is the oldest football club in India and among the oldest in Asia.
• The club was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata), which was the hub of football during British colonial rule in India.
• Sarada FC is considered a pioneer in introducing organized football in India and has a significant historical legacy.
• Although the club is not active in modern professional football, its contribution to the foundation of Indian football remains notable.
• The early emergence of clubs like Sarada FC helped popularize football as a sport in India, particularly in Bengal.

Additional Information

• History of Football in India:
• Football was introduced in India by British soldiers and gained popularity in the late 19th century.
• Calcutta became the epicenter of Indian football, with several clubs emerging during British rule.
• The Durand Cup, established in 1888, is one of the oldest football tournaments globally and is still held annually in India.
• East Bengal Club:
• Founded in 1920, East Bengal Club is one of India’s most famous football clubs, with a rich legacy in both domestic and international tournaments.
• It is part of the historic Kolkata football rivalry with Mohun Bagan, known as the "Boro Match" or "Kolkata Derby."
• Mohun Bagan Athletic Club:
• Founded in 1889, Mohun Bagan is another iconic football club in India, known for its historic victory against the East Yorkshire Regiment in 1911.
• That victory marked the first time an Indian team defeated a British team, symbolizing national pride.
• Indian Super League (ISL):
• Launched in 2014, the ISL is a professional football league in India aimed at increasing the popularity of football nationwide.
• Clubs like Mumbai City FC and ATK Mohun Bagan are prominent participants in the league.
• Legacy of Football in Bengal:
• Bengal has been the heart of Indian football for over a century, producing many legendary players and hosting iconic matches.
• The passion for football in Bengal remains strong, with clubs like East Bengal and Mohun Bagan enjoying massive fan followings.

The correct answer is Seventh.

Key Points

• The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) was established by the Government of India in 1986, during the Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990).
• It was created to promote and develop biotechnology research and applications in India, focusing on various fields such as agriculture, healthcare, environment, and industrial processes.
• The DBT operates under the Ministry of Science and Technology, supporting innovation and scientific advancements.
• It has been instrumental in fostering public-private partnerships and promoting research institutes to advance biotechnology in India.
• The establishment of DBT marked a significant step towards strengthening India's scientific infrastructure and biotechnology sector.

Additional Information

• Five-Year Plans (FYP):
• India adopted Five-Year Plans post-independence, modeled after the Soviet Union, to organize its economic and developmental strategies.
• The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) focused on modernization, technological development, and improving productivity in various sectors.
• It emphasized self-reliance and the development of industries such as biotechnology, energy, and telecommunications.
• Biotechnology:
• Biotechnology is the use of biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop products and technologies for various applications.
• It plays a vital role in healthcare, agriculture, environmental conservation, and industrial processes.
• Key areas include genetic engineering, biopharmaceuticals, bioinformatics, and enzyme technology.
• Achievements of DBT:
• DBT has launched numerous initiatives like the National Biopharma Mission and the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC).
• It supports biotechnology parks, research institutes, and skill development programs to boost innovation in the sector.
• It has been pivotal in vaccine development, genome research, and environmental biotechnology projects.
• Ministry of Science and Technology:
• Established in 1971, this ministry oversees scientific research and innovation in India.
• It includes three departments: Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR).
• The ministry fosters collaboration between academia, industry, and research institutions for technological growth.

The correct answer is Article 36-51.

Key Points

• The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution of India, spanning Articles 36 to 51.
• DPSPs are guidelines to the central and state governments of India, aimed at achieving socio-economic justice and promoting the welfare of the people.
• These principles are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by any court, but are considered fundamental in governance.
• Key objectives under DPSPs include ensuring equitable distribution of wealth, reducing inequality, and improving living standards.
• The concept of DPSPs was borrowed from the Irish Constitution and reflects the ideals of a welfare state.

Additional Information

• Categories of DPSPs:
• Social and Economic Principles: Articles like 38, 39, and 41 focus on equitable distribution of resources and providing social security to citizens.
• Gandhian Principles: Articles such as 40 emphasize the organization of village panchayats and promotion of cottage industries.
• Liberal Intellectual Principles: Articles like 44 advocate for a Uniform Civil Code and promotion of international peace (Article 51).
• Non-Justiciable Nature: Although DPSPs are not enforceable in courts, they serve as a moral guide for lawmakers and policymakers.
• Relation to Fundamental Rights: DPSPs complement Fundamental Rights by addressing areas such as socio-economic welfare, while Fundamental Rights focus on civil liberties.
• Key Amendments: The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 added provisions such as Article 39A for free legal aid and Article 43A for worker participation in management.
• Implementation Examples: Initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) are inspired by DPSP principles.

The correct answer is Sarvavarman.

Key Points

• Sarvavarman was a ruler of the Maukhari dynasty, which emerged as a prominent power in North India during the 6th century CE.
• He is known for claiming victory over the Later Guptas, a dynasty that ruled Magadha after the decline of the Gupta Empire.
• The Maukhari dynasty, under Sarvavarman, expanded its territory, asserting its dominance in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab region.
• Sarvavarman's victory over the Later Guptas is documented in historical inscriptions, showcasing the rivalry between the Maukharis and the Later Guptas during this period.
• The success of Sarvavarman marked the decline of the Later Guptas and the rise of the Maukhari dynasty as a significant political power.

Additional Information

• Maukhari Dynasty
• The Maukhari dynasty initially served as vassals under the Guptas but later became independent rulers in the 6th century CE.
• Their capital was at Kannauj, which emerged as a key political and cultural center during their reign.
• The dynasty is known for its contributions to temple architecture and inscriptions.
• Later Guptas
• The Later Guptas ruled Magadha and neighboring regions after the decline of the Gupta Empire.
• They faced continuous challenges from emerging regional powers like the Maukharis and the Vardhanas.
• Their fall marked the fragmentation of North India into smaller kingdoms and the end of the classical Gupta age.
• Kannauj
• Kannauj became a significant center of power under the Maukhari dynasty and later under rulers like Harsha.
• It was strategically located on the trade routes connecting North India to other regions.
• Over the centuries, Kannauj witnessed several power struggles due to its prime location and resources.
• Historical Context
• The 6th century CE was a transitional period in Indian history, marked by the decline of the Gupta Empire and the rise of regional powers like the Maukharis, Vardhanas, and others.
• This era saw significant political, cultural, and economic developments, with the rise of new urban centers and trade networks.
• Inscriptions and coins from this period are key sources of information about the rulers and their achievements.

The correct answer is 1942.

Key Points

• The Cripps Mission was sent to India in March 1942 during World War II.
• It was led by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior British politician and member of the War Cabinet.
• The mission aimed to secure Indian cooperation in the British war effort by offering a framework for Indian self-government after the war.
• The proposal included dominion status for India and the option for provinces to opt out of the Indian union.
• The Cripps Mission failed as it was rejected by both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

Additional Information

• Dominion Status:
• Dominion status refers to a semi-independent political status under the British Crown.
• It was proposed for India, allowing self-rule while remaining part of the British Commonwealth.
• World War II and India:
• India was forced into World War II by Britain without consulting Indian leaders.
• This decision led to widespread resentment and demands for independence.
• Indian National Congress Reaction:
• The Congress rejected the Cripps proposals, demanding complete independence instead of dominion status.
• They were also opposed to the idea of provinces having the option to secede.
• Muslim League Reaction:
• The Muslim League opposed the Cripps Mission, as it did not sufficiently address their demand for a separate state (Pakistan).
• Impact of Failure:
• The failure of the Cripps Mission led to increased tensions and the launch of the Quit India Movement by the Congress in August 1942.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• According to Census 2011, Kerala recorded the lowest difference in male and female literacy rates, showcasing its progressive approach toward gender equality in education.
• The literacy rate in Kerala was 94% for males and 92% for females, with a minimal gender gap of just 2 percentage points.
• Kerala has consistently maintained its position as the state with the highest overall literacy rate in India, at 93.91% as per Census 2011.
• Government initiatives such as "Kerala State Literacy Mission" and investments in education have played a crucial role in achieving this milestone.
• Kerala's emphasis on female literacy and empowerment has contributed significantly to its overall socio-economic development.

Additional Information

• Literacy Rate Definition: The literacy rate is calculated as the percentage of the population aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding.
• Gender Gap in Literacy: The gender gap is the difference in literacy rates between males and females, highlighting disparities in access to education.
• Census 2011 Highlights:
• India's overall literacy rate was 74.04%, with male literacy at 82.14% and female literacy at 65.46%.
• Kerala was the most literate state, while Bihar had the lowest literacy rate at 61.8%.
• Kerala's Education Model:
• Kerala's education system is characterized by universal education, high enrollment rates, and a focus on inclusive schooling.
• Programs such as "Akshara Kerala" and strong public school networks contribute to its educational success.
• Impact of Literacy on Development: Higher literacy rates, especially among women, are linked to improved health outcomes, lower fertility rates, and enhanced economic participation.

The correct answer is Only Flow.

Key Points

• Flow variables are defined over a period of time. Examples include income, expenditure, GDP, and savings.
• A flow variable measures changes or activity during a specific duration, such as a month, quarter, or year.
• Flows are essential for understanding economic dynamics, such as production, consumption, and investment trends.
• Unlike stock variables, flow variables cannot be measured at a single point in time; they require a time interval for evaluation.
• Key examples of flow variables in economics include government budget deficits, export revenues, and investment inflows.

Additional Information

• Stock Variables:
• Stock variables are measured at a specific point in time, such as wealth, capital, or population.
• They represent the accumulated quantity or level of a resource at a given moment.
• Key examples include foreign exchange reserves, inventory levels, and national debt.
• Difference Between Stock and Flow:
• Flow variables are dynamic and change over time, while stock variables are static and represent a snapshot.
• Flow impacts stock, e.g., savings (flow) increase wealth (stock).
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
• GDP is a flow variable representing the total economic output of a country over a specific time period.
• It is typically measured quarterly or annually and includes components like consumption, investment, and government spending.
• Balance of Payments (BoP):
• BoP records all financial flows into and out of a country during a specific time period.
• It includes current account, capital account, and financial account transactions.

The correct answer is Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra.

Key Points

• Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra, popularly known as K.S. Chithra, is an acclaimed playback singer from Kerala, India.
• She was conferred with the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award, in 2021 for her outstanding contribution to Indian music.
• Chithra has won multiple awards, including 6 National Film Awards, 8 Filmfare Awards South, and numerous state awards for her playback singing.
• She is widely regarded as one of the greatest playback singers in Indian cinema, with recordings in over 20 languages.
• Known as the "Melody Queen," she has sung over 25,000 songs in her illustrious career, spanning several decades.

Additional Information

• Padma Awards:
• The Padma Awards are among the highest civilian honors in India and are announced annually on Republic Day.
• They are classified into three categories: Padma Vibhushan (highest), Padma Bhushan (second-highest), and Padma Shri (third-highest).
• The awards recognize exceptional contributions in various fields, including art, literature, science, sports, social work, and public affairs.
• Playback Singing in India:
• Playback singing is a unique feature of Indian cinema where singers record songs that actors lip-sync during filming.
• The industry has produced legendary singers like Lata Mangeshkar, Kishore Kumar, Mohammed Rafi, and Asha Bhosle.
• These songs often become chartbusters and contribute significantly to the popularity of films.
• K.S. Chithra's Legacy:
• Chithra is known for her versatile voice and ability to sing classical, devotional, and contemporary songs with equal finesse.
• She holds the distinction of being the first Indian woman to perform at the United Nations General Assembly.
• Her contributions to music have earned her global recognition, including prestigious awards and honors.

The correct answer is The Gandak.

Key Points

• The Gandak River does not originate from the peninsular plateau; it originates from the Nepal Himalayas.
• The Gandak flows through Nepal and enters India in Bihar, where it merges with the Ganges.
• The river is formed by the confluence of several Himalayan streams, including Kali Gandaki and Trishuli.
• Unlike rivers such as the Son, Chambal, and Mahanadi, which originate from the peninsular plateau, the Gandak belongs to the category of Himalayan rivers.
• The Gandak basin supports a rich ecosystem and is known for its fertile plains, contributing significantly to agriculture in the region.

Additional Information

• Peninsular Plateau Rivers:
• Rivers such as the Chambal, Son, Mahanadi, and Godavari originate from the peninsular plateau of India.
• These rivers are typically non-glacial and rely on rainfall for their flow.
• They exhibit seasonal flow patterns, with high water levels during the monsoon and reduced flow during dry periods.
• Himalayan Rivers:
• Rivers like the Gandak, Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus originate from the Himalayan mountain range.
• These rivers are glacial-fed and perennial, ensuring continuous flow throughout the year.
• They play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture and supporting livelihoods across northern India.
• The Ganges River System:
• The Gandak River is an important tributary of the Ganges river system.
• Other major tributaries include the Yamuna, Ghaghara, Kosi, and Son rivers.
• The Ganges basin is one of the most fertile and densely populated regions in the world.
• River Classification in India:
• Indian rivers are broadly classified as Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
• Himalayan rivers are perennial, while peninsular rivers are generally seasonal.
• The classification is based on their origin, flow characteristics, and dependence on rainfall or glacial melt.

The correct answer is Limitation of Resources.

Key Points

• All five-year plans in India were designed to achieve specific developmental goals, but their implementation faced challenges due to limited availability of resources, such as financial, natural, and human resources.
• The government had to prioritize sectors and allocate resources accordingly, leading to unequal emphasis across various plans.
• The scarcity of resources was more pronounced in the initial five-year plans, as India was a newly independent country with a weak industrial base and low economic growth.
• The focus areas of each plan, such as agriculture, industry, or infrastructure, were determined based on the resource constraints and the immediate needs of the nation.
• Resource constraints were further exacerbated by factors such as population growth, external conflicts, and natural calamities, affecting the uniform implementation of the plans.

Additional Information

• Five-Year Plans in India
• India's five-year plans were initiated in 1951, inspired by the Soviet model of planned economic development.
• The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating and monitoring the plans until its replacement by the NITI Aayog in 2015.
• The First Five-Year Plan (1951-56) focused on agriculture, while subsequent plans diversified into industrialization, technology, and social welfare.
• Resource Constraints
• Resource constraints refer to the limited availability of essential inputs like funds, manpower, raw materials, and infrastructure.
• These limitations force governments to prioritize and allocate resources selectively, often at the expense of other sectors.
• Impact of Resource Scarcity
• Uneven development across different regions and sectors.
• Inability to achieve long-term goals due to short-term compromises in resource allocation.
• Shift to NITI Aayog
• In 2015, the Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog, focusing on a more decentralized and participatory planning approach.
• NITI Aayog emphasizes cooperative federalism and long-term policy strategies, addressing resource constraints more efficiently.

The correct answer is Ultimate Kho-Kho.

Key Points

• Ultimate Kho-Kho is India’s first professional Kho-Kho league, launched to promote the traditional Indian sport on a larger scale.
• The inaugural season of Ultimate Kho-Kho took place in August 2022, featuring six franchise teams.
• The league is organized under the aegis of the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) and is backed by Dabur Group chairman Amit Burman as its promoter.
• Ultimate Kho-Kho follows a unique format with exciting innovations such as power plays and dynamic scoring rules to make the game more engaging for spectators.
• The league aims to increase the global appeal of Kho-Kho while nurturing and showcasing Indian talent in the sport.

Additional Information

• Kho-Kho
• Kho-Kho is a traditional Indian tag sport that dates back to ancient times and is widely played across the country.
• The game involves two teams of 12 players each, with nine players on the field at a time.
• It requires agility, speed, strategy, and teamwork to chase and tag opponents within a fixed time frame.
• Innovations in Ultimate Kho-Kho
• The league introduced concepts like Wazir (a key player with special powers) and power play to make the game fast-paced and strategically challenging.
• Dynamic scoring rules reward teams for tagging multiple players in quick succession, adding excitement to the matches.
• Kho-Kho Federation of India (KKFI)
• KKFI is the governing body responsible for promoting and regulating Kho-Kho in India.
• It is affiliated with the Asian Kho Kho Federation and the International Kho Kho Federation, working to expand the sport globally.
• Impact of Ultimate Kho-Kho
• The league has provided a platform for grassroots players to showcase their talent on a national stage.
• It has also attracted corporate sponsorships and broadcast partnerships, enhancing the sport's visibility and popularity.

The correct answer is TK Ramachandran.

Key Points

• TK Ramachandran, Chairman of the Visakhapatnam Port Authority, delivered the keynote address at the Conference on Maritime Decarbonization in India.
• The conference was held on October 3, 2024, in New Delhi, focusing on strategies for reducing carbon emissions in the maritime sector.
• Ramachandran emphasized the importance of adopting green shipping practices to achieve India’s decarbonization goals under the Paris Agreement.
• He also highlighted the role of technology and alternative fuels in transforming the maritime industry toward sustainability.
• The event was attended by key stakeholders, including policymakers, industry leaders, and environmentalists, underscoring India's commitment to achieving net-zero emissions.

Additional Information

• Maritime Decarbonization:
• It refers to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the maritime sector, which accounts for approximately 2.89% of global CO₂ emissions.
• Technological advancements like energy-efficient ship designs, renewable energy integration, and wind-assisted propulsion are critical for decarbonization.
• Alternative fuels such as green hydrogen, ammonia, and biofuels are being explored as replacements for conventional marine fuels.
• India’s Maritime Vision 2030:
• A comprehensive plan to develop sustainable and globally competitive ports in India.
• Focuses on green port initiatives, digitization, and the adoption of clean energy solutions in the maritime sector.
• International Maritime Organization (IMO) Regulations:
• The IMO has set targets to reduce carbon emissions from international shipping by at least 40% by 2030 and 70% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels.
• Key IMO strategies include the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP).
• Green Shipping Corridors:
• These are defined shipping routes where vessels operate using zero-emission fuels.
• Several countries, including India, are working toward establishing such corridors to promote sustainable trade.

The correct answer is Breaks down starch into sugar.

Key Points

• Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase (also known as ptyalin) which breaks down starch into simpler sugars like maltose and dextrin.
• This enzymatic action begins in the mouth, marking the first step of carbohydrate digestion.
• Saliva moistens food, forming a bolus, which facilitates easier swallowing and transportation through the esophagus.
• The digestion process initiated by saliva is temporary and is halted when food reaches the stomach due to the acidic environment.
• Saliva also contains water, mucin, and electrolytes, supporting its digestive and lubricating functions.

Additional Information

• Salivary Glands
• There are three main types of salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, which secrete saliva into the oral cavity.
• The parotid gland is the largest and primarily produces watery saliva rich in enzymes.
• Submandibular and sublingual glands produce a mix of serous (enzyme-rich) and mucous (lubricating) secretions.
• Role of Saliva in Oral Health
• Saliva contains antimicrobial agents like lysozyme that help protect the oral cavity from infections.
• It maintains the pH balance in the mouth, preventing tooth decay caused by acids.
• Saliva also aids in cleansing the mouth by washing away food particles and debris.
• Enzymatic Action of Salivary Amylase
• Salivary amylase hydrolyzes α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch, resulting in simpler sugars.
• The optimal pH for salivary amylase activity is between 6.7 and 7.0, which matches the neutral pH of saliva.
• Other Functions of Saliva
• Saliva facilitates tasting by dissolving food molecules, allowing them to interact with taste buds.
• It lubricates and softens food, making it easier to chew and swallow.
• Saliva also plays a role in maintaining speech clarity and oral tissue hydration.

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

• India celebrates three main national festivals: Republic Day (January 26), Independence Day (August 15), and Gandhi Jayanti (October 2).
• Republic Day honors the adoption of the Indian Constitution on January 26, 1950, making India a republic.
• Independence Day marks the country's freedom from British rule on August 15, 1947.
• Gandhi Jayanti commemorates the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, on October 2.
• These festivals are observed nationwide with official ceremonies and cultural activities, reflecting India's unity and patriotic spirit.

Additional Information

• Republic Day
• It celebrates the implementation of the Indian Constitution, replacing the Government of India Act 1935.
• The main celebration occurs in New Delhi, with a grand parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military strength.
• Independence Day
• On this day, the Prime Minister hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort in New Delhi and delivers a speech to the nation.
• It is a day of remembrance for freedom fighters and their sacrifices for India's independence.
• Gandhi Jayanti
• It is a national holiday dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi's principles of non-violence (Ahimsa) and truth (Satya).
• The day is marked by prayer services, tributes, and cultural events across the country.
• National Significance
• These festivals are distinct from religious or regional celebrations, as they are recognized across all states and communities of India.
• They reinforce India's identity as a secular, democratic, and diverse nation.

The correct answer is Preeti Sudan.

Key Points

• Preeti Sudan was appointed as the Chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on August 1, 2024.
• She is a retired IAS officer from the Andhra Pradesh cadre (1983 batch) with extensive administrative experience.
• Preeti Sudan has previously served as the Secretary of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, where she played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• She succeeded Dr. Manoj Soni, who served as the Chairperson of UPSC prior to her appointment.
• The UPSC is India's premier recruitment agency for All India Services and Central Civil Services, ensuring a fair and merit-based selection process.

Additional Information

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• The UPSC is a constitutional body established under Article 315 of the Indian Constitution.
• It conducts examinations for recruitment to services such as IAS, IPS, IFS, and other Group A and Group B posts.
• The commission operates independently and reports directly to the President of India.
• Preeti Sudan’s Contributions
• As Health Secretary, she led critical initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Scheme and India's response to COVID-19.
• She was instrumental in policy-making for public health, sanitation, and nutrition improvement.
• Role of UPSC Chairperson
• The Chairperson is responsible for supervising the commission’s operations, including conducting exams and interviews.
• The Chairperson serves for a term of 6 years or until the age of 65, whichever is earlier.
• UPSC Members
• The UPSC consists of a Chairperson and up to 10 other members, as per the President's discretion.
• Members are chosen based on their expertise in public service, administration, or academia.

Shortcut Trick

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Total Distance = (60 × 1) + (70 × 2) + (50 × 5) = 60 + 140 + 250 = 450 km

Total Time = 1 + 2 + 5 = 8 hours

Average Speed = 450 ÷ 8 = 56.25 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 56.25 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed for 1st part = 60 km/h, Time = 1 hour

Speed for 2nd part = 70 km/h, Time = 2 hours

Speed for 3rd part = 50 km/h, Time = 5 hours

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

60 km 60 km/h × 1h

140 km 70 km/h × 2h

250 km 50 km/h × 5h

Total Distance = 450 km | Total Time = 8 hr

Calculations:

⇒ Distance₁ = 60 × 1 = 60 km

⇒ Distance₂ = 70 × 2 = 140 km

⇒ Distance₃ = 50 × 5 = 250 km

⇒ Total Distance = 60 + 140 + 250 = 450 km

⇒ Total Time = 1 + 2 + 5 = 8 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 450 ÷ 8 = 56.25 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 56.25 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If a person covers two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed for the whole journey is given by (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two bodies travel in the same direction, relative speed = |S₁ − S₂|. In opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Speed and Time relation

For a constant distance, speed is inversely proportional to time. If the ratio of speeds of two objects is a : b, then the ratio of time taken by them to cover the same distance is b : a.

Given:

\(\left[(90\div5)× \left{\frac{78}{6}+\frac{12}{1}× (8-7)\right}\right]\)

Calculation:

\(\left[(90\div5)× \left{\frac{78}{6}+\frac{12}{1}× (8-7)\right}\right]\)

⇒ \(\left[18× \left{13+12× 1\right}\right]\)

⇒18 × 25

⇒450

​​∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

When given numbers leave the same remainder when divided by the greatest number x, then x is the HCF of their absolute differences.

Calculate the differences: (8651 − 8018) = 633, (8018 − 7807) = 211, and (8651 − 7807) = 844.

x = HCF of (633, 211, 844).

Since 211 × 3 = 633 and 211 × 4 = 844, the HCF is exactly 211.

∴ The correct answer is 211.

Alternate Method

Given:

Three numbers: 8651, 8018, and 7807.

When divided by the greatest number x, the remainder is the same in each case.

Formula Used:

If numbers a, b, and c leave the same remainder when divided by the greatest number x, then:

x = HCF of (|a − b|, |b − c|, |c − a|)

Calculations:

⇒ Let a = 8651, b = 8018, and c = 7807.

⇒ Difference 1 = |a − b| = |8651 − 8018| = 633

⇒ Difference 2 = |b − c| = |8018 − 7807| = 211

⇒ Difference 3 = |c − a| = |7807 − 8651| = 844

⇒ Now, we need to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 633, 211, and 844.

⇒ Factors of 211 = 211 × 1

⇒ Factors of 633 = 211 × 3

⇒ Factors of 844 = 211 × 4

⇒ The greatest common factor for all three differences is 211.

∴ The correct answer is 211.

Additional Information

HCF for Same Remainder

When a given set of numbers leaves the exact same remainder when divided by a common highest number N, then N is the HCF of the absolute differences between pairs of the given numbers.

HCF for Given Different Remainders

When numbers a, b, c leave specific remainders p, q, r respectively when divided by the greatest number N, then N is the HCF of (a − p), (b − q), and (c − r).

LCM Concept for Remainders

The smallest number which when divided by a, b, c leaves the same remainder R in each case is found using: LCM(a, b, c) + R.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of original to new ticket price = 10 : 13.

Price increase per ticket = 13 − 10 = 3 units.

Since 10 units = ₹250 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹25 ⇒ 3 units = ₹75.

Total revenue increase = Increase per ticket × Total tickets sold.

Revenue increase = ₹75 × 3600 = ₹2,70,000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹2,70,000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Original price of a movie ticket = ₹250

Ratio of original price to increased price = 10 : 13

Total number of tickets sold = 3600

Original Price: 10 units = ₹250

10 units = ₹250

+3 units

₹75 Increase Total Revenue Increase = 3600 tickets × ₹75 = ₹2,70,000

Formula Used:

Total Revenue = Price per ticket × Number of tickets sold

Calculations:

⇒ Let the original price be 10x and increased price be 13x.

⇒ Given, 10x = 250 ⇒ x = 25

⇒ Increased price = 13 × 25 = ₹325

⇒ Original Revenue = 250 × 3600 = ₹9,00,000

⇒ New Revenue = 325 × 3600 = ₹11,70,000

⇒ Increase in revenue = 11,70,000 − 9,00,000 = ₹2,70,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹2,70,000.

Additional Information

Total Revenue Formula

Revenue = Price per item × Quantity sold. Any percentage or proportional change in price or quantity directly impacts the overall revenue.

Percentage Change in Revenue

If price changes by a% and quantity changes by b%, the net percentage change in revenue is given by: (a + b + ab/100)%.

Ratio and Proportion Application

If two quantities are in the ratio a : b and the first quantity is known to be x, then 1 unit equals x/a. The second quantity or any difference can be calculated directly by multiplying units with x/a.

Shortcut Trick

Find the differences between the given numbers: 8022 − 7807 = 215 and 8667 − 8022 = 645.

The greatest number x leaving the same remainder is the HCF of these differences.

x = HCF(215, 645) = 215.

Sum of the digits of x = 2 + 1 + 5 = 8.

∴ The correct answer is 8.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 7807, 8022, and 8667.

Formula Used:

Greatest number dividing a, b, and c leaving the same remainder = HCF of |a − b|, |b − c|, and |c − a|.

Calculations:

⇒ First difference = |7807 − 8022| = 215

⇒ Second difference = |8022 − 8667| = 645

⇒ Third difference = |8667 − 7807| = 860

⇒ Now, find the HCF of 215, 645, and 860.

⇒ 215 = 215 × 1

⇒ 645 = 215 × 3

⇒ 860 = 215 × 4

⇒ HCF of (215, 645, 860) = 215

⇒ The greatest number x = 215

⇒ Sum of the digits of x = 2 + 1 + 5 = 8

∴ The correct answer is 8.

Additional Information

HCF Rule for Same Remainder (Value Not Given)

Greatest number dividing a, b, c leaving same remainder = HCF of (|a − b|, |b − c|, |c − a|).

HCF Rule for Different Remainders

Greatest number dividing a, b, c leaving remainders p, q, r = HCF of (a − p, b − q, c − r).

HCF Rule for Same Given Remainder

Greatest number dividing a, b, c leaving same given remainder R = HCF of (a − R, b − R, c − R).

Shortcut Trick

When moving in opposite directions, relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds.

Relative speed = 18 + 22 = 40 km/hr = 40 × (5/18) = 100/9 m/s.

Time taken to meet = Distance ÷ Relative speed.

Time = 1500 ÷ (100/9) = 1500 × 9 ÷ 100 = 135 seconds.

∴ The correct answer is 135 seconds.

Alternate Method

Circular Track Length = 1500 m

M = 18 km/hr

N = 22 km/hr

Start Point

Given:

Length of the circular track (D) = 1500 m

Speed of cyclist M (S_M) = 18 km/hr

Speed of cyclist N (S_N) = 22 km/hr

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction) = S_M + S_N

Time = Distance ÷ Relative Speed

To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by (5/18)

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = 18 + 22 = 40 km/hr

⇒ Convert speed to m/s = 40 × (5/18) = 100/9 m/s

⇒ Time taken for them to meet = Total Distance ÷ Relative Speed

⇒ Time = 1500 ÷ (100/9)

⇒ Time = (1500 × 9) ÷ 100

⇒ Time = 15 × 9 = 135 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 135 seconds.

Additional Information

Meeting First Time (Opposite Directions)

When two bodies start simultaneously and move in opposite directions on a circular track, the time taken to meet anywhere for the first time is: Track Length ÷ (S₁ + S₂).

Meeting First Time (Same Direction)

When moving in the same direction, the faster body must completely lap the slower one to meet again. Time to meet = Track Length ÷ |S₁ − S₂|.

Meeting at the Starting Point

Regardless of direction, the time taken to meet exactly at the starting point for the first time is the LCM of their individual times to complete one round: LCM(L/S₁, L/S₂).

Given:

Expression to evaluate: \(\left[(25× 13)× \left{2\div 2\frac{(16-13)}{3}\right}\right]\)

Formula Used:

Follow BODMAS (Brackets, Orders, Division and Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction).

Calculation:

\(\left[(25× 13)× \left{2\div 2\frac{(16-13)}{3}\right}\right]\)

⇒ \(\left[(325)× \left{2\div 2\frac{(3)}{3}\right}\right]\)

⇒ \(\left[(325)× \left{2\div 2(1)\right}\right]\)

⇒ \(\left[(325)× \left{2\div 2\right}\right]\)

⇒ 325 × 1

⇒ 325

∴ Option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

By the rule of weighted averages, if an overall group and one of its sub-groups share the exact same percentage, the other sub-group must also have that same percentage.

Overall population literacy = 20%

Male population literacy = 20%

⇒ Female population literacy must also be exactly 20% without any further calculation.

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total population = 372000

Number of males = 168000

Overall literacy rate = 20%

Male literacy rate = 20%

Formula Used:

Percentage = (Part value ÷ Total value) × 100

Total: 372,000 20% Literate = 74,400

Males: 168,000 20% Literate = 33,600

Females: 204,000 Literate = 40,800

40,800 / 204,000 = 20%

Calculations:

⇒ Total females = Total population − Total males

⇒ Total females = 372000 − 168000 = 204000

⇒ Total literate population = 20% of 372000 = (20 ÷ 100) × 372000 = 74400

⇒ Total literate males = 20% of 168000 = (20 ÷ 100) × 168000 = 33600

⇒ Total literate females = Total literate population − Total literate males

⇒ Total literate females = 74400 − 33600 = 40800

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (Literate females ÷ Total females) × 100

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (40800 ÷ 204000) × 100

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (1 ÷ 5) × 100 = 20%

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Property

When a group is divided into two parts, if the overall average is exactly equal to the average of the first part, the second part must also share that same exact average value.

Alligation Method

Alligation can be used to find the ratio of quantities when individual and overall percentages are known: Ratio = (Percentage₂ − Mean) : (Mean − Percentage₁).

Percentage Change and Base

Calculating percentage always requires identifying the correct base value representing the group. The formula is: Percentage = (Target Value ÷ Base Value) × 100.

Shortcut Trick

Using the net deviation method for averages:

Age of new member = Old average + (Total members × Increase in average)

Age of teacher = 43 + (27 × 1)

Age of teacher = 43 + 27 = 70

∴ The correct answer is 70 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of students = 26

Average age of students = 43 years

New average age (including teacher) = 44 years

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

26 Students (Avg: 43) +

Teacher

27 Members (New Avg: 44)

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 26 students = 26 × 43

⇒ Total age of 26 students = 1118 years

⇒ Total number of people after including the teacher = 26 + 1 = 27

⇒ Total age of 27 people = 27 × 44

⇒ Total age of 27 people = 1188 years

⇒ Age of the teacher = Total age of 27 people − Total age of 26 students

⇒ Age of the teacher = 1188 − 1118 = 70

∴ The correct answer is 70 years.

Additional Information

Combined Average

When two groups with averages A₁ and A₂ having n₁ and n₂ elements respectively are mixed, the new average is (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Excluding a Member

If a member leaves a group, the value of the excluded member is Old Average − (Remaining Members × Decrease in Average).

Replacement in Average

When one person is replaced by another, the age of the new person = Age of removed person + (Total members × Change in Average).

Shortcut Trick

Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair be 1 unit.

Total SP for 153 chairs = 153 units.

Gain obtained = SP of 63 chairs = 63 units.

Cost Price (CP) = Total SP − Gain = 153 − 63 = 90 units.

Profit % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100 = (63 ÷ 90) × 100 = 70%.

∴ The correct answer is 70%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of chairs sold = 153

Gain = Selling price of 63 chairs

Formula Used:

CP = SP − Gain

Profit % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100

CP = 90 Units Gain = 63 Units

Total SP = 153 Units Profit % = (63 ÷ 90) × 100 = 70%

Calculation:

⇒ Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair be ₹1.

⇒ Total Selling Price of 153 chairs = ₹153.

⇒ Gain obtained = Selling Price of 63 chairs = ₹63.

⇒ Cost Price (CP) of 153 chairs = Total SP − Gain

⇒ CP = 153 − 63 = ₹90.

⇒ Profit % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (63 ÷ 90) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (7 ÷ 10) × 100 = 70%.

∴ The correct answer is 70%.

Additional Information

Loss on Selling Price

If the loss incurred is equal to the selling price of 'x' units out of 'y' units sold, then the total Cost Price becomes (y + x) units. Loss % = x ÷ (y + x) × 100.

Profit or Loss on Cost Price

If the profit or loss is equal to the cost price of 'x' units out of 'y' units sold, then the Cost Price remains 'y' units. Profit/Loss % = x ÷ y × 100.

Dishonest Dealer

When a dealer sells goods claiming it is at cost price but uses a false lighter weight, the true cost incurred is for the false weight given. Profit % = (True Weight − False Weight) ÷ False Weight × 100.

Shortcut Trick

Required decrease % = [R ÷ (100 + R)] × 100%

Here, R = 30%

Required % = [30 ÷ (100 + 30)] × 100% = (30 ÷ 130) × 100%

Required % = 300 ÷ 13 ≈ 23.08%

∴ The correct answer is 23.08%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial increase in salary = 30%

Formula Used:

Percentage Decrease = (Decrease ÷ New Value) × 100%

Original 100

New 130

• 30%

− ? %

Calculations:

⇒ Let the original salary be 100.

⇒ Increased salary = 100 + (30% of 100) = 130

⇒ To restore the salary to 100, the new salary must be decreased by: 130 − 100 = 30

⇒ Required percentage decrease = (30 ÷ 130) × 100%

⇒ Required percentage decrease = 300 ÷ 13 %

⇒ Required percentage decrease = 23.0769... %

⇒ Required percentage decrease ≈ 23.08%

∴ The correct answer is 23.08%.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

The formula for finding the percentage change is [(New Value − Old Value) ÷ Old Value] × 100%. The calculation is always based strictly on the original value from which the change occurs.

Reversing a Percentage Increase

If a quantity is increased by x%, it must be decreased by [x ÷ (100 + x)] × 100% in order to return to its original value.

Successive Percentage Change

If a given value undergoes two successive changes of a% and b%, the net percentage change can be calculated directly using the formula: Net Change = (a + b + ab ÷ 100)%.

Shortcut Trick

When amounts at CI are equal, the Principal ratio depends directly on the time difference.

Ratio of Ashish's share to Arun's share = (100 + R)¹²⁻¹¹ : 100¹²⁻¹¹ = 105 : 100 = 21 : 20.

Total ratio parts = 21 + 20 = 41 parts.

41 parts = ₹1230 ⇒ 1 part = ₹30.

Arun's share (20 parts) = 20 × 30 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount Varun has = ₹1230

Rate of interest (R) = 5% per annum compounded annually

Time for Ashish (T₁) = 11 years

Time for Arun (T₂) = 12 years

Formula Used:

Amount in Compound Interest: A = P(1 + R/100)^T

Varun's Total: ₹1230

Ashish (P1) 5% CI for 11 years

Arun (P2) 5% CI for 12 years

Equal Amount A

Calculation:

Let the initial amount given to Ashish be P₁ and to Arun be P₂.

⇒ P₁ + P₂ = 1230

According to the question, the amounts received by both sons are exactly equal.

⇒ P₁ × (1 + 5/100)¹¹ = P₂ × (1 + 5/100)¹²

⇒ P₁ = P₂ × (1 + 5/100)¹²⁻¹¹

⇒ P₁ = P₂ × (1 + 1/20)

⇒ P₁ = P₂ × (21/20)

⇒ P₁ / P₂ = 21 / 20

Let P₁ = 21x and P₂ = 20x.

⇒ 21x + 20x = 1230

⇒ 41x = 1230

⇒ x = 30

Amount given to Arun (P₂) = 20 × 30 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

The total amount A accumulated over time T is calculated as A = P(1 + R/100)^T, where P is the principal amount and R is the rate of interest.

Equal Amount Distribution in CI

If two principal amounts P₁ and P₂ are invested at the same rate R for different durations T₁ and T₂ to yield equal amounts, their respective ratio simplifies to P₁ : P₂ = (100 + R)^T₂−T₁ : 100^T₂−T₁.

Effective Compound Interest Rate

The effective compound interest rate for exactly 2 years at R% per annum can be found rapidly using the successive formula R + R + (R × R)/100.

Shortcut Trick

The volume of a cylinder involves π (22/7), which means the answer is generally a multiple of 11.

Check the options for divisibility by 11 (Difference of sum of alternating digits must be 0 or a multiple of 11):

Option 1: 396 → (3 + 6) − 9 = 0 (Divisible by 11)

Options 2, 3, and 4 are not divisible by 11.

∴ The correct answer is 396 cm³.

Alternate Method

Given:

Diameter of the cylinder (d) = 6 cm

Height of the cylinder (h) = 14 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of a cylinder (V) = π × r² × h

where r is the radius (d ÷ 2).

r = 3 cm

h = 14 cm

d = 6 cm

Calculations:

⇒ Radius (r) = 6 ÷ 2 = 3 cm

⇒ Volume = (22/7) × 3² × 14

⇒ Volume = (22/7) × 9 × 14

⇒ Volume = 22 × 9 × 2

⇒ Volume = 396 cm³

∴ The correct answer is 396 cm³.

Additional Information

Curved Surface Area of a Cylinder

CSA = 2 × π × r × h. This represents the area of the curved surface, excluding the top and bottom circular bases.

Total Surface Area of a Cylinder

TSA = 2 × π × r × (r + h). This includes the curved surface area plus the area of both the top and bottom circles.

Volume of a Cone

Volume = (1/3) × π × r² × h. A cone with the same base radius and height as a cylinder has exactly one-third of the cylinder's volume.

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(15, 30, 40) = 120 units. Efficiencies: A = 8, B = 4, C = 3.

Work in 1 cycle of 3 days (A, A+B, A+C) = 8 + 12 + 11 = 31 units.

Work in 3 cycles (9 days) = 31 × 3 = 93 units. Remaining work = 120 − 93 = 27 units.

Day 10 (A): 8 units, Remaining = 19. Day 11 (A+B): 12 units, Remaining = 7.

Day 12 (A+C) time needed = 7/11 days. Total time = 11 + 7/11 days.

∴ The correct answer is 11⁷/₁₁ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 15 days

Time taken by B = 30 days

Time taken by C = 40 days

Calculations:

⇒ Work done on 1st day by A = 8 units

⇒ Work done on 2nd day by A and B = 8 + 4 = 12 units

⇒ Work done on 3rd day by A and C = 8 + 3 = 11 units

⇒ Total work completed in 3 days (1 complete cycle) = 8 + 12 + 11 = 31 units

⇒ Number of full cycles possible = 120 ÷ 31 = 3 cycles

⇒ Work completed in 9 days (3 cycles) = 31 × 3 = 93 units

⇒ Remaining work = 120 − 93 = 27 units

⇒ Work done on 10th day by A = 8 units

⇒ Remaining work = 27 − 8 = 19 units

⇒ Work done on 11th day by A and B = 12 units

⇒ Remaining work = 19 − 12 = 7 units

⇒ The turn on the 12th day is of A and C with a combined efficiency of 11 units/day.

⇒ Time taken by A and C to complete the remaining 7 units = 7 ÷ 11 days

⇒ Total time taken = 9 + 1 + 1 + 7/11 = 11⁷/₁₁ days

∴ The correct answer is 11⁷/₁₁ days.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Work

When workers work on alternate days, find the combined work of one complete cycle (e.g., 2 or 3 days). Multiply the cycle to get as close to the total work as possible without exceeding it, then calculate the remaining work for the sequence step-by-step.

Work and Efficiency

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time taken. If the time ratio of A and B is x:y, their efficiency ratio will be y:x. The fundamental formula used is: Total Work = Efficiency × Time.

Pipes and Cisterns

The core concept is identical to Time and Work. Inlets are treated as positive work (filling the tank), while outlets or leaks are treated as negative work (emptying the tank).

Shortcut Trick

Using fractional equivalents: 20% = 1/5 and 4% = 1/25

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (1 − 1/5) × (1 − 1/25)

SP = 52300 × (4/5) × (24/25) = 52300 × (96 ÷ 125)

SP = 418.4 × 96 = 40166.4

Rounding off to the nearest integer, SP ≈ ₹40,166

∴ The correct answer is ₹40,166.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹52,300

Successive discounts: D₁ = 20% and D₂ = 4%

−20%

−4%

Marked Price ₹52,300

Intermediate ₹41,840

Selling Price ₹40,166.4

Formula Used:

Equivalent Discount % = x + y − (x × y) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Net equivalent discount = 20 + 4 − (20 × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ Net equivalent discount = 24 − 0.8 = 23.2%

⇒ Selling Price % = 100% − 23.2% = 76.8% of Marked Price

⇒ SP = (76.8 ÷ 100) × 52300

⇒ SP = 76.8 × 523

⇒ SP = 40166.4

⇒ Rounded to nearest rupee, SP ≈ ₹40,166

∴ The correct answer is ₹40,166.

Additional Information

Equivalent Single Discount

When two successive discounts of a% and b% are offered, the equivalent single discount can be directly calculated using the formula: [a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100]%.

Relation between CP and MP

If a profit of P% is made even after allowing a discount of D%, the ratio of Cost Price (CP) to Marked Price (MP) is directly found as: CP ÷ MP = (100 − D%) ÷ (100 + P%).

Shortcut Trick

A 10% profit means the Selling Price is 110% of the Cost Price.

SP = 110% of 540

SP = 1.1 × 540 = 594

∴ The correct answer is ₹594.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹540

Profit = 10%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit

Profit = (Profit% ÷ 100) × CP

CP = ₹540

SP = ?

+10% Profit

• ₹54

Calculation:

⇒ Profit = (10 ÷ 100) × 540

⇒ Profit = ₹54

⇒ SP = 540 + 54

⇒ SP = ₹594

∴ The correct answer is ₹594.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

Selling Price is also calculated from Marked Price (MP) using the rule: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Loss Percentage Formula

When an article is sold at a loss, the Selling Price becomes: SP = CP × (100 − Loss%) ÷ 100.

Successive Profit

If an article passes through two sellers making profits P₁% and P₂%, the final SP = CP × (1 + P₁/100) × (1 + P₂/100).

Shortcut Trick

For directly proportional quantities, the multiplying factor remains constant.

Mass multiplier = 5 kg ÷ 2 kg = 2.5

Required force = Initial force × Mass multiplier

Required force = 10 × 2.5 = 25 N

∴ The correct answer is 25 N.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial mass (m₁) = 2 kg

Initial force (F₁) = 10 N

New mass (m₂) = 5 kg

Formula Used:

F ∝ m ⇒ F = k × m (where k is a constant proportionality factor)

Direct Proportion: F ∝ m

Mass = 2 kg

Mass = 5 kg

Force = 10 N

Force = 25 N

× 5 (Constant)

× 5 (Constant)

× 2.5

× 2.5

Calculations:

⇒ F₁ = k × m₁

⇒ 10 = k × 2

⇒ k = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 N/kg

⇒ For the new mass (m₂ = 5 kg), the required force is F₂.

⇒ F₂ = k × m₂

⇒ F₂ = 5 × 5 = 25 N

∴ The correct answer is 25 N.

Additional Information

Direct Proportion

When two quantities increase or decrease in the same ratio, they are in direct proportion. Formula: x₁ ÷ y₁ = x₂ ÷ y₂.

Inverse Proportion

When an increase in one quantity causes a proportional decrease in another, they are in inverse proportion. Formula: x₁ × y₁ = x₂ × y₂.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Force is directly proportional to mass when acceleration is constant, expressed as F = m × a.

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed = 110 − 80 = 30 km/h = 30 × (5/18) = 25/3 m/s.

Total distance to cross = 450 + 350 = 800 m.

Time = Total distance ÷ Relative speed = 800 ÷ (25/3) = 96 seconds.

Time in minutes = 96 ÷ 60 = 1.6 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 1.6 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of slower train (L₁) = 450 m

Length of faster train (L₂) = 350 m

Speed of slower train (V₁) = 80 km/h

Speed of faster train (V₂) = 110 km/h

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (same direction) = V₂ − V₁

Speed in m/s = Speed in km/h × (5/18)

Time taken = Total length ÷ Relative speed

Train 1 (450 m)

80 km/h

Train 2 (350 m)

110 km/h

Total Distance to Cross = 450 m + 350 m = 800 m

Calculations:

⇒ Relative speed = 110 − 80 = 30 km/h

⇒ Relative speed in m/s = 30 × (5/18) = 150/18 = 25/3 m/s

⇒ Total distance to be covered = L₁ + L₂ = 450 + 350 = 800 m

⇒ Time taken = 800 ÷ (25/3)

⇒ Time taken = (800 × 3) ÷ 25 = 2400 ÷ 25 = 96 seconds

⇒ Time taken in minutes = 96 ÷ 60 = 1.6 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 1.6 minutes.

Additional Information

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference between their individual speeds (V₂ − V₁).

Trains Moving in Opposite Directions

If two trains are moving in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (V₁ + V₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert speed from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Shortcut Trick

Difference in Principal = ₹10200 − ₹5400 = ₹4800.

Difference in Simple Interest for 4 years = ₹480.

Difference in Interest per year = 480 ÷ 4 = ₹120.

Rate% = (Interest per year ÷ Difference in Principal) × 100

Rate% = (120 ÷ 4800) × 100 = 2.5%

∴ The correct answer is 2.5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rakesh's principal (P₁) = ₹5400

Shivam's principal (P₂) = ₹10200

Time (T) = 4 years

Difference in Simple Interest (SI₂ − SI₁) = ₹480

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Rakesh: ₹5400 Interest = I

Shivam: ₹10200 Interest = I + 480

Difference: ₹4800 Interest Diff: ₹480 (4 Yrs) Diff/Yr = ₹120

Rate = (120 ÷ 4800) × 100 = 2.5%

Calculation:

⇒ Difference in SI = [(P₂ × R × T) ÷ 100] − [(P₁ × R × T) ÷ 100]

⇒ 480 = [(10200 × R × 4) ÷ 100] − [(5400 × R × 4) ÷ 100]

⇒ 480 = 408R − 216R

⇒ 480 = 192R

⇒ R = 480 ÷ 192

⇒ R = 2.5

∴ The correct answer is 2.5%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Difference Rule

The difference in simple interest for two different principals over the same time and rate is calculated directly using the difference in their principal amounts: SI Difference = (Principal Difference × Rate × Time) ÷ 100.

Simple vs Compound Interest

In Simple Interest, interest is calculated only on the principal amount for the entire period. In Compound Interest, interest is calculated on both principal and accumulated interest leading to an exponential curve.

Constant Rate Property

If time and rate are constant, the Simple Interest earned is directly proportional to the Principal invested. Thus, SI₁ ÷ P₁ = SI₂ ÷ P₂.

Shortcut Trick

When amounts are equal in Compound Interest, the ratio of principals is given by (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Ratio of Nitin's share to Pravin's share = (1 + 4/100)^{13 − 12} = 104/100 = 26/25.

Total ratio parts = 26 + 25 = 51 parts.

Nitin's share = (26 / 51) × 1632 = 26 × 32 = 832.

∴ The correct answer is ₹832.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total money = ₹1632

Rate of interest (R) = 4% compounded annually

Time for Nitin (n₁) = 12 years

Time for Pravin (n₂) = 13 years

Formula Used:

Amount = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Total = ₹1632

Nitin (x) 12 yrs @ 4%

Pravin (1632 − x) 13 yrs @ 4%

= Final Amounts are Equal

Calculations:

Let Nitin's share be ₹x and Pravin's share be ₹(1632 − x).

According to the question, their final amounts are equal.

⇒ x × (1 + 4/100)¹² = (1632 − x) × (1 + 4/100)¹³

⇒ x / (1632 − x) = (1 + 4/100)^{13 − 12}

⇒ x / (1632 − x) = 1 + 4/100

⇒ x / (1632 − x) = 104 / 100

⇒ x / (1632 − x) = 26 / 25

⇒ 25x = 26 × (1632 − x)

⇒ 25x = 42432 − 26x

⇒ 25x + 26x = 42432

⇒ 51x = 42432

⇒ x = 42432 ÷ 51

⇒ x = 832

∴ The correct answer is ₹832.

Additional Information

Equal Amounts Concept in CI

If a principal sum P is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ invested at r% p.a. CI for t₁ and t₂ years respectively such that their final amounts are equal, then P₁ / P₂ = (1 + r/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Compound Interest Basics

In Compound Interest, interest is charged on the original principal as well as on all past accumulated interest. The formula for the amount is A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ.

Effective Rate Concept

For a 2-year period, the effective compound interest rate can be found directly using the successive percentage change formula: R + R + (R×R)/100 %.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The correct placement of the adverb "recently" is essential for the sentence to be grammatically correct and meaningful.
• In Option 3, "They have recently arrived" places the adverb correctly before the verb to modify it, ensuring clarity and correctness.
• Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect due to improper positioning of the adverb or incorrect word forms.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "They have recently arrived."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "They have arrived with recently" – This is incorrect because the placement of "recently" is awkward and does not follow standard grammatical structure.
• Option 2: "They have arrived recent" – This is incorrect because "recent" is an adjective, and the adverb "recently" is required here.
• Option 4: "They have arrived on recently" – This is incorrect because the preposition "on" is unnecessary and creates confusion.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (Heavy).

Key Points

• The word "Cumbersome" means something that is large, heavy, and difficult to carry or handle, or something that is complicated and inefficient. (भारी और असुविधाजनक)
• Example: The old furniture was too cumbersome to move down the narrow staircase.
• "Heavy" refers to something that has great weight or is difficult to carry. (भारी)
• Example: He struggled to lift the heavy box filled with books.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'Cumbersome' is 'Heavy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (Heavy).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Royal (शाही): Related to or befitting a king, queen, or royalty.
• Example: The palace was decorated in a royal style for the special occasion.
• Fickle (चंचल): Changing frequently, especially regarding one's loyalties, interests, or affections.
• Example: The weather in the mountains is notoriously fickle.
• New (नया): Not existing before; made, introduced, or discovered recently or now for the first time.
• Example: She bought a new car last week.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'sofisticated'.

• The correct spelling would be 'sophisticated'.
• The word 'sophisticated' is an adjective which means 'having, revealing, or involving a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of fashion and culture'. (परिष्कृत)
• For Example -
• He had a sophisticated approach to solving the problem.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'sofisticated'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Virtuous - having or showing high moral standards (सद्गुणी)
• Marathon - a long-distance running race, typically one of 26.2 miles (लंबी दौड़)
• Definitely - without doubt (used for emphasis) (निश्चित रूप से)

The correct answer is: Arrest.

Key Points

• The word "Capture" means to take into one's possession or control, often by force. It can refer to physically seizing something or figuratively capturing attention or interest. (पकड़ना/क़ब्जा करना)
• Example: The soldiers managed to capture the enemy base after a long battle.
• "Arrest" refers to the act of seizing someone by legal authority, especially in the context of law enforcement. (गिरफ्तार करना)
• Example: The police were able to arrest the suspect after gathering enough evidence.
• Since both "Capture" and "Arrest" involve taking control or seizing, they are synonyms.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Arrest.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Shorten (छोटा करना): To make something smaller in length, duration, or extent.
• Example: He decided to shorten his vacation due to urgent work commitments.
• Release (रिहा करना): To set free or allow to go.
• Example: The prisoner was released after completing his sentence.
• Attain (प्राप्त करना): To achieve or accomplish something after effort.
• Example: She worked hard to attain her dream of becoming a doctor.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'sufishient'.

• The correct spelling is 'sufficient'.
• The word 'sufficient' is an adjective which means 'enough; adequate'. (पर्याप्त)
• For Example -
• The project was delayed because they didn’t have sufficient resources.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'sufficient'.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (raised).

Key Points

• The word "raised" means to bring up, express, or mention something, often in the context of a concern or objection. (उठाया)
• Example: She raised concerns about the safety measures in the new construction plan.
• In the context of the sentence, "Henry raised objections" is the correct collocation, as it conveys the act of expressing concerns or opposition to the proposed changes in company policy. (आपत्ति जताना)
• Example: Henry raised objections to the proposed changes in company policy during the meeting.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (raised).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Spelt (हिज्जे बताया): Past tense of "spell," often used in the context of writing or pronouncing words correctly.
• Example: He spelt his name carefully on the form.
• Stood (खड़ा हुआ): Past tense of "stand," meaning to be in an upright position or to take a stance.
• Example: He stood at the entrance waiting for his friends.
• Spread (फैलाना): To distribute or extend over a surface or area.
• Example: The news spread quickly across the town.

The correct answer is 'classical'.

 

Key Points

• The word "classical" refers to something that is traditional, enduring, and often associated with historical or cultural significance. (पारंपरिक)
• The architecture from the 18th century is often described as classical due to its traditional and historic characteristics.
• The other options: "dystopic," "futuristic," and "modern" do not fit the context as they refer to contrasting styles or themes.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: The city is famous for its classical architecture, which dates back to the 18th century.

Additional Information

• Dystopic (डिस्टोपिक): refers to a society or place that is undesirable or nightmarish.
• Futuristic (भविष्यवादी): refers to something modern, innovative, or ahead of its time.
• Modern (आधुनिक): refers to something current or contemporary, not historical.

The correct answer is 'produced'.

 

Key Points

• The word "produced" is the correct form of the verb used in the passive voice to indicate that something (olive oil) is being created or made in Spain this year.
• Option 1: "produce" is incorrect as it is the base form and does not fit grammatically.
• Option 2: "producing" is incorrect as it is the present participle and does not fit the sentence structure.
• Option 3: "production" is a noun and does not fit grammatically in the blank.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: A lot of olive oil is produced in Spain this year.

Additional Information

• Produce: Base form of the verb, not suitable for passive voice structure here.
• Producing: Present participle, not suitable for the blank in this context.
• Production: Noun, does not fit the sentence grammatically.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. hadn't I? .

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the past perfect tense as indicated by the use of "had told."
• The sentence is a tag question, where the question tag at the end should match the tense and polarity (positive/negative) of the main sentence.
• The statement "I had told you to wash these clothes" is positive, so the tag must be negative. Hence, "hadn't I?" is the correct choice.

Correct sentence: I had told you to wash these clothes, hadn't I?.

Additional Information

• The other options do not adhere to the rules of tag questions or the past perfect tense:
• Option 1: "didn't I?" is incorrect because it uses the past simple tense, not past perfect.
• Option 2: "had I?" is incorrect because it doesn't form a proper question tag.
• Option 3: "did I?" is incorrect as it uses the past simple tense.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. "A task easily accomplished".

Key Points

• The idiom "a piece of cake" means something that is very easy to do or accomplish. (बहुत आसान)
• Example: Solving that puzzle was a piece of cake for him.
• "A task easily accomplished" refers to something that requires little effort or is straightforward to perform. (आसानी से किया जाने वाला कार्य)
• Example: Painting the walls was a task easily accomplished with the right tools.
• Hence, the idiom "a piece of cake" aligns directly with the meaning "A task easily accomplished".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: A slice of pizza (पिज़ा का टुकड़ा): This option refers to food and has no connection to the idiom's meaning.
• Example: He ordered a slice of pizza for lunch.
• Option 2: A piece of pie (पाई का टुकड़ा): This option is similar in phrase structure but does not convey the same meaning as the idiom.
• Example: She offered me a piece of pie after dinner.
• Option 4: A piece of bread (ब्रेड का टुकड़ा): This option also refers to food and does not fit the idiom's meaning.
• Example: He ate a piece of bread with butter for breakfast.

The correct answer is: Calm.

Key Points

• The word "Serene" means calm, peaceful, and untroubled, often used to describe a tranquil state of mind or setting. (शांत)
• Example: She found the serene landscape of the mountains perfect for meditation.
• "Calm" refers to a state of peace, free from agitation, anxiety, or disturbance. It is often used to describe a quiet or relaxed atmosphere or a composed state of mind. (शांत)
• Example: The lake was calm in the early morning, reflecting the sky like a mirror.
• Hence, we can conclude that the synonym of 'Serene' is 'Calm'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Calm.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Agitated (बेचैन): Feeling or appearing troubled or nervous.
• Example: He appeared agitated during the interview, fidgeting with his hands.
• Chaotic (अराजक): In a state of complete confusion or disorder.
• Example: The marketplace was chaotic during the festival season.
• Disturbed (परेशान): Experiencing or showing signs of mental or emotional stress or disturbance.
• Example: She looked disturbed after receiving the bad news.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (Rich).

Key Points

• The word "Impoverished" means being extremely poor or lacking in resources or wealth. (गरीब, निर्धन)
• Example: After the war, the country was left impoverished and struggling to rebuild its economy.
• "Rich" refers to having abundant wealth, resources, or material possessions, which is the direct opposite of being impoverished. (धनी, समृद्ध)
• Example: She became rich after starting her successful business venture.
• Hence, we can conclude that the antonym of "Impoverished" is "Rich."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (Rich).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Shy (शर्मीला): Being reserved or nervous in the presence of others.
• Example: He was too shy to speak up during the meeting.
• Humble (विनम्र): Having a modest or low view of one's importance.
• Example: Despite his success, he remains humble and down-to-earth.
• Tiny (छोटा): Extremely small in size.
• Example: The baby held a tiny flower in her hand.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. who paints beautiful landscapes .

Key Points

• The sentence describes a talented artist, and the subject is a person (She).
• When referring to a person, the relative pronoun "who" is appropriate, as it indicates someone who performs an action.
• The incorrect usage of "which" is meant for objects or things, not people.
• The correct substitution for the underlined segment is "who paints beautiful landscapes."

Correct sentence: She is a talented artist who paints beautiful landscapes.

Additional Information

• Relative Pronouns:
• "Who": Used for people. Example: The teacher who helped me is kind.
• "Which": Used for objects/things. Example: The book which I borrowed is interesting.
• "That": Used for people, objects, or things in restrictive clauses. Example: She is the artist that paints landscapes.

The correct answer is: Order.

Key Points

• The word "Muddle" refers to a state of confusion or disorder, where things are mixed up or not in proper arrangement. (अव्यवस्था)
• Example: After the party, the room was in a complete muddle, with furniture and decorations scattered everywhere.
• "Order" is the opposite of muddle and refers to a state of organization, neatness, or arrangement where everything is in its proper place. (व्यवस्था)
• Example: She spent the afternoon organizing the files and putting everything in order.
• Hence, we can infer that the antonym of 'Muddle' is 'Order'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Order.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Expand (विस्तार करना): To increase in size, volume, or scope.
• Example: The company plans to expand its operations into new markets.
• Assume (मान लेना): To take something for granted or accept it as true without proof.
• Example: I assumed that you would be coming to the meeting, but I was wrong.
• Linger (ठहरना): To stay in a place longer than expected or necessary.
• Example: After the concert ended, many fans lingered outside hoping to catch a glimpse of the singer.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The sentence contains an adverbial usage error in the segment "Margaret swiftly."
• The placement of the adverb "swiftly" modifies the wrong verb or action.
• In this context, the adverb "swiftly" should be placed to describe the action "waited for."
• A more appropriate revision would be "Margaret waited swiftly for her turn at the Cineplex."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "Margaret waited swiftly for her turn at the Cineplex."

The correct answer is 'caused'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence requires the correct form of the verb to describe the result of an action.
• "Caused" is the correct option as it is the past tense of "cause," indicating an action that has already occurred.
• Other options ("cause," "causing," "causes") are either incorrect in tense or do not fit the grammatical structure of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• Cause: "Cause" is the base form of the verb and does not fit the past tense requirement.
• Causing: "Causing" is the present participle and does not align with the sentence structure.
• Causes: "Causes" is the present tense form and does not match the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'brought'.

 

Key Points

• The blank refers to a past action in the context of forest fires.
• The verb should align with the past tense to match the narrative of the passage.
• "Brought" fits well as it correctly conveys the past tense action.
• Other options ("bring", "brings", "bringing") do not fit the sentence structure or tense.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• Bring: "Bring" is present tense and does not fit the past narrative.
• Brings: "Brings" is present tense and does not match the past context.
• Bringing: "Bringing" is a present participle and does not fit the sentence structure.

The correct answer is 'allows'.

 

Key Points

• The subject of the sentence is singular: "The increase in greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide."
• Therefore, the verb must also be singular to maintain subject-verb agreement.
• "Allows" is the correct singular form, making the sentence grammatically correct.
• Other options like "allow," "allowed," and "allowing" do not fit the tense and agreement required here.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Additional Information

• "Allow" – plural form, incorrect as the subject is singular.
• "Allowed" – past tense, does not match the present tense of the passage.
• "Allowing" – participle form, grammatically incorrect in this context.

The correct answer is 'retreat'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence suggests a suitable verb form for blank number 4.
• The verb should align with the context and grammatical structure of the sentence.
• "Retreat" is the base form of the verb and fits well in the given context.
• Other options like "retreating," "retreated," or "retreats" do not match the required tense or form for the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Additional Information

• Retreating: This is the present participle form, which does not fit the grammatical structure of the sentence.
• Retreated: This is the past tense form, which is not suitable in this context.
• Retreats: This is the third-person singular present tense form, which is not required here.

The correct answer is 'rise'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence discusses the vulnerability of forests to fires, emphasizing how certain forests are more susceptible to these hazards.
• The word in blank number 5 should indicate a state of vulnerability or exposure to danger.
• "Rise" fits well here as it describes the increasing vulnerability of the forests in the Western Himalayas compared to the Eastern Himalayas.
• Other options like "Rising", "Risen", and "Rose" do not fit the context as they either represent tense inconsistencies or do not align with the grammatical structure of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Additional Information

• Rising: Refers to an ongoing action, but does not grammatically fit in the sentence.
• Risen: Refers to the past tense, but does not align with the context or grammar.
• Rose: Refers to a completed action, but does not fit grammatically or contextually.

'सरिता' पर्याय है- नदी का

Key Points

• 'नदी' का पर्यायवाची शब्द - 'सरिता'​ होगा।
• 'नदी' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - ​तटिनी, तरंगिणी, निर्झरिणी, आपगा, निम्नगा, वाहिनी, कूलंकषा, सलिला आदि।
• पर्यायवाची - ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information 

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द -

बहुवचन से संबंधित वाक्य है- कुछ अधिकारियों ने एक मीटिंग की।

Key Points

• ​"कुछ अधिकारियों ने एक मीटिंग की" वाक्य बहुवचन से संबंधित है।
• यहाँ "अधिकारियों" शब्द बहुवचन में है, जो एक से अधिक अधिकारियों की उपस्थिति को दर्शाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

• छात्र विद्यालय जा रहा है।
• ​विश्लेषण: यह वाक्य एकवचन से संबंधित है। यहाँ "छात्र" शब्द एकवचन में है, जो केवल एक विद्यार्थी को दर्शाता है।
• मजदूर को उसकी मजदूरी दे दो।
• विश्लेषण: यह वाक्य एकवचन से संबंधित है। यहाँ "मजदूर" शब्द एकवचन में है, जो केवल एक मजदूर को दर्शाता है।​
• हिंदी के शिक्षक कक्षा में नहीं गए हैं।
• ​​​विश्लेषण: यह वाक्य एकवचन से संबंधित है। यहाँ "शिक्षक" शब्द विशेषण रूप में बहुवचन दिखाई दे रहा है,
• लेकिन वास्तव में यह एकवचन में है और एक ही शिक्षक की बात कर रहा है, जिनका सम्मान स्वरूप 'हैं' का प्रयोग किया गया है।

Additional Information

विलोम शब्द है- तिरस्कृत

Key Points

• वाक्य - खेल में उत्तम प्रदर्शन के कारण ही खिलाड़ी को पुरस्कृत किया गया।
• 'पुरस्कृत' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'तिरस्कृत' होगा।
• 'पुरस्कृत' का अर्थ- जिसने पुरस्कार प्राप्त किया हो।
• 'तिरस्कृत' का अर्थ- जिसकी अवज्ञा की गई हो।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

सही उत्तर है - भूदान आंदोलन के

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - विनोबा भावे आंदोलन के भूद्वान प्रवर्तक थे।
• दिए गये वाक्य में पदक्रम प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'आंदोलन के भूद्वान' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'भूदान आंदोलन के' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - विनोबा भावे आंदोलन के भूद्वान प्रवर्तक थे।
• पदों के उचित क्रम में न होने पर उसके भाव या अर्थ में स्पष्टता नहीं रहती और इसे वाक्य की पदक्रम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ कहा जाता है।

Additional Information पदक्रम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ -