SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 18 Feb, 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The given code language is:

 

Thus, the code for 'E' is 8.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The paper appeared when unfold:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

 G, H, I, J, M, N and O are sitting around a circular table facing the centre of the table.

Only two people sit between O and J when counted from the right of O.

Only three people sit between H and I when counted from the right of I.

J sits to the immediate right of I.

G sits to the immediate right of N.

Thus, G sits fourth to the right of M.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

 C, D, G, H, I, K and L are sitting around a circular table facing the centre of the table.

Only two people sit between K and I when counted from the right of K.

Only three people sit between H and C when counted from the right of C.

I sits to the immediate right of C.

G sits to the immediate right of L.

Thus, G sits fourth to the right of D.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given figure (X) is embedded in:

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The given word is ALTERING.

The letters in the word are A, L, T, E, R, I, N, G.

 

The position(s) of Zero letters remain unchanged.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): BYC

Option (2): LIM

Option (3): IGJ

Option (4): QNR

Thus,  IGJ is the odd one.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Letter opposite place value + 2.

'FWOD' is coded as '23-6-14-25

'SINH' is coded as '10-20-15-21'

 

Similarly,

'TYLB'  is coded as

Thus, 'TYLB'  is coded as  9-4-17-27.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 265.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

BODMAS Rule:

According to the question, the letters are interchanged as follows:

 

1) (160 Q 10) R (30 P 2) R (16 Q 4) S 45

⇒ (160 ÷ 10) − (30 × 2) − (16 ÷ 4) + 45

⇒ 16 − 60 − 4 + 45

⇒ −44 − 4 + 45

⇒ −48 + 45 = −3 (Incorrect)

2) (160 Q 10) R (30 Q 2) S (16 P 4) R 45

⇒ (160 ÷ 10) − (30 ÷ 2) + (16 × 4) − 45

⇒ 16 − 15 + 64 − 45

⇒ 1 + 64 − 45

⇒ 65 − 45 = 20 (Incorrect)

3) (160 Q 10) S (30 P 2) R (16 P 4) S 45

⇒ (160 ÷ 10) + (30 × 2) − (16 × 4) + 45

⇒ 16 + 60 − 64 + 45

⇒ 76 − 64 + 45

⇒ 12 + 45

⇒ 57 (Correct)

4) (160 R 10) S (30 Q 2) S (16 Q 4) R 45

⇒ (160 − 10) + (30 ÷ 2) + (16 ÷ 4) − 45

⇒ 150 + 15 + 4 − 45

⇒ 169 − 45 = 124 (Incorrect)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 48.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Decoding symbols for Family Tree:

According to the given information Family Tree Representation:

Q is the daughter of P, and P is the father of R. This means Q and R are siblings, and P is their father. Q is female, R is female (wife of S).

R is the wife of S. T is the son of S. This means R is the mother of T.

Q is the sister of R, and R is the mother of T.

Q is the sister of T's mother.

Thus, Q is the Mother's sister (Aunt) of T.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

The least possible venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

(I): No cage is a den → False (As, there is no direct relation betweem them)

(II): Some houses are cages → False (As, there is no direct relation betweem them)

Thus, Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: PMS_ _ P_ _ TV _ M_TVPM _ _ V

1) TVMSPTSS → P M S T V P M S T V P M T T V P M S S V

Does not follow the PMSTV logic.

2) MVTSPSST → P M S M V P T S T V P M S T V P M S T V 

Does not follow the PMSTV logic.

3) TVMSPSST → P M S T V / P M S T V/ P M S T V / P M S T V

Logic followed is the repeating block PMSTV

4) TMVSPSST → P M S T M P V S T V P M S T V P M S T V

 Does not follow the PMSTV logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The given series is: EBF, FCG, GDH, HEI, ?

Thus, the missing letter-cluster in the series is IFJ.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The Venn diagram that best illustrates the relationship between the following classes

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed in this pattern is:

For 'XUYZ' related to 'WTXY':

For 'EBFG' related to 'DAEF':

Applying the same logic to 'DAEF':

Thus, DAEF is related to CZDE.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

USTD is related to VUWH

 

PAVG is related to QCYK

 

 

ZJOU is related

 

Thus, ZJOU is related ALRY

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Kamalini Asthana and Nalini Asthana, sister duo, are renowned for their contributions to the Kathak dance form.
• They were awarded the Padma Shri in 2022 for their exceptional performances and dedication to preserving Indian classical dance.
• The sisters hail from the state of Uttar Pradesh, which has a rich tradition in Kathak.
• Kathak is one of the eight classical dance forms of India and is deeply rooted in the cultural heritage of northern India, including Uttar Pradesh.
• Their work emphasizes traditional storytelling through dance, blending rhythmic footwork, graceful movements, and intricate expressions.

Additional Information

• Kathak:
• Kathak is an ancient Indian classical dance form known for its storytelling aspects, deriving its name from the Sanskrit word "Katha", meaning story.
• It is characterized by fast footwork, spins, and intricate gestures, accompanied by classical Hindustani music.
• Padma Shri Award:
• Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in India, presented for distinguished contributions in various fields like arts, education, literature, sports, and social work.
• It is announced annually on Republic Day by the Government of India.
• Role of Uttar Pradesh in Kathak:
• Uttar Pradesh is considered the birthplace of Kathak, especially the Lucknow Gharana, which is renowned for its focus on expressions and storytelling.
• Lucknow and Varanasi have historically been centers for the development and preservation of Kathak traditions.
• Other Padma Shri Awardees (Dance in 2022):
• Other prominent dancers who received the Padma Shri in 2022 include Dr. Sonal Mansingh (Odissi) and Ramli Ibrahim (Bharatanatyam).

The correct answer is Absorbs food.

Key Points

• The flexibility of the cell membrane allows cells to engulf nutrients from their surroundings through a process called endocytosis.
• It enables the transport of essential molecules like glucose, amino acids, and ions into the cell, ensuring proper cellular function.
• The cell membrane’s dynamic nature supports selective permeability, allowing the absorption of beneficial substances while excluding harmful ones.
• This property helps cells in maintaining homeostasis, which is vital for their survival and function.
• Flexibility also aids in cellular communication by facilitating the interaction of membrane receptors with external signals.

Additional Information

• Cell Membrane Structure: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, making it semi-permeable and flexible.
• Endocytosis: A process where cells absorb external materials by engulfing them within vesicles formed from the cell membrane.
• Selective Permeability: The ability of the membrane to allow certain molecules to pass through while blocking others, crucial for nutrient absorption and waste removal.
• Fluid Mosaic Model: This model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic structure where lipids and proteins can move laterally, ensuring its flexibility and functionality.
• Homeostasis: The cell membrane plays a key role in maintaining the internal balance of the cell by regulating the exchange of substances with its environment.

The correct answer is PC Mahalanobis.

Key Points

• PC Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician and economist known for his contributions to India's economic planning.
• The second five-year plan (1956–1961) was based on the Mahalanobis model, which emphasized industrialization and heavy industries.
• This plan aimed to allocate resources to accelerate the economic growth of India by focusing on the public sector and reducing dependency on imports.
• PC Mahalanobis was the founder of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and introduced advanced statistical methods in economic planning.
• The Mahalanobis model was a cornerstone of India's economic planning during the early years post-independence, promoting a self-reliant economy.

Additional Information

• Five-Year Plans in India:
• The five-year plans were introduced in India under the Planning Commission, inspired by the Soviet model.
• They aimed at achieving balanced economic growth and addressing key sectors like agriculture, industry, and infrastructure.
• The first five-year plan (1951–1956) focused on agricultural development and addressing food scarcity.
• Mahalanobis Model:
• The Mahalanobis model emphasized the growth of the heavy industry sector, considering it as the backbone of economic development.
• It proposed a two-sector model, dividing the economy into consumer goods and investment goods sectors.
• This model aimed to prioritize long-term growth by investing heavily in capital goods industries.
• Indian Statistical Institute (ISI):
• Founded by PC Mahalanobis in 1931, ISI contributed significantly to the development of statistics and economic planning in India.
• ISI is recognized globally for its research in statistics, operations research, and economics.
• Planning Commission:
• Established in 1950, the Planning Commission was responsible for formulating India's five-year plans until it was replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015.
• It aimed to assess resources and prioritize development goals for India's socio-economic progress.

The correct answer is Carnatic music.

Key Points

• Lalgudi Gopala Jayaraman was a renowned violinist, composer, and exponent of Carnatic music, a classical music form of Southern India.
• He was born on 17 September 1930, in Lalgudi, Tamil Nadu, into a family deeply rooted in Carnatic music traditions.
• He was known for pioneering the Lalgudi Bani, a unique style of violin playing that emphasizes melody and lyrical expression.
• In recognition of his immense contributions to Indian classical music, he was awarded the prestigious Padma Bhushan in 2001.
• His compositions include varnams, kritis, and tillanas, which are widely performed in the Carnatic music tradition.

Additional Information

• Carnatic Music:
• Carnatic music is one of the two major traditions of Indian classical music, the other being Hindustani music.
• It originated in South India and is known for its intricate compositions and devotional themes.
• The key components of Carnatic music include raga (melodic framework) and tala (rhythmic cycle).
• Violin in Carnatic Music:
• The violin was introduced into Carnatic music in the early 19th century and is now a staple instrument in this tradition.
• It is played in a seated posture, with the instrument held horizontally and resting on the player’s ankle.
• Lalgudi Bani:
• Lalgudi Bani is the unique style of violin playing developed by Lalgudi Gopala Jayaraman.
• It emphasizes lyrical expression, tonal precision, and a seamless blend of melody and rhythm.
• Padma Bhushan Award:
• The Padma Bhushan is India’s third-highest civilian award, conferred for distinguished service of a high order in any field.
• Lalgudi Gopala Jayaraman received this honor in 2001 for his outstanding contributions to Carnatic music.

The correct answer is 42nd Amendment Act.

Key Points

• The Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, enacted in 1976.
• This amendment incorporated Article 51A under Part IV-A of the Constitution, outlining 10 Fundamental Duties for citizens.
• The amendment was introduced during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi as part of efforts to strengthen democracy.
• The Fundamental Duties were inspired by the Constitution of the former Soviet Union, aiming to promote responsible citizenship and national unity.
• The list of duties was later expanded to 11 by the 86th Amendment Act in 2002, which added the duty to provide opportunities for education to children.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Duties:
• Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced through courts.
• They serve as moral obligations for citizens to uphold the spirit of the Constitution and contribute to the nation.
• 42nd Amendment Act:
• The 42nd Amendment Act is often referred to as the "Mini Constitution" because of the extensive changes it brought.
• It amended several articles, including the Preamble, and introduced concepts like the primacy of Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights.
• Part IV-A of the Constitution:
• Part IV-A was introduced solely to include Fundamental Duties.
• It emphasizes duties such as respecting the national symbols, safeguarding public property, and promoting harmony.
• Article 51A:
• Article 51A lists duties like abiding by the Constitution, protecting sovereignty, and preserving the environment.
• The duties are applicable to all citizens of India, irrespective of age or profession.

The correct answer is Annual Financial Statement.

Key Points

• The Annual Financial Statement is a document presented by the government as part of the Union Budget, containing a summary of the government's revenue and expenditure for a financial year.
• It is mandated under Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, which requires the government to present the Union Budget annually.
• The Annual Financial Statement is divided into three parts: Consolidated Fund of India, Contingency Fund of India, and Public Account of India.
• This statement includes estimates of receipts and expenditures for the upcoming financial year, along with actuals from the previous year and revised estimates for the current year.
• The Union Finance Minister presents the Annual Financial Statement in Parliament, typically on February 1st.

Additional Information

• Consolidated Fund of India:
• It is the most important fund of the Government of India and includes all revenues (taxes, non-taxes), borrowings, and receipts of loans.
• All government expenditures are made from this fund, subject to parliamentary approval.
• Contingency Fund of India:
• It is set up under Article 267 of the Constitution and is used to meet urgent or unforeseen expenses.
• The fund is placed at the disposal of the President of India, who authorizes withdrawals.
• Public Account of India:
• This account deals with funds received by the government in trust, such as provident funds, small savings, etc.
• These funds do not require parliamentary approval for withdrawal but are managed as per statutory provisions.
• Union Budget:
• The Union Budget is an annual financial statement that provides details of the government's plan for revenue generation and expenditure allocation.
• It includes two components: Revenue Budget (income and routine expenses) and Capital Budget (investments and long-term expenses).

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The death rate in India for the year 2020, as per the Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin, was reported to be 6 per 1,000 population.
• The death rate is defined as the number of deaths occurring per 1,000 individuals in a given year.
• The SRS is the primary source for accurate and reliable annual estimates of birth rate, death rate, and other fertility and mortality indicators in India.
• India’s death rate has been steadily declining over the decades due to improved healthcare facilities, sanitation, and awareness of preventive health measures.
• The figures released by the SRS Bulletin are crucial for policy-making and monitoring the progress of health initiatives in the country.

Additional Information

• Sample Registration System (SRS):
• The SRS is a demographic survey conducted by the Registrar General of India to provide reliable annual estimates of demographic indicators.
• It was initiated in 1970 and is implemented in both rural and urban areas.
• The system captures data through continuous enumeration and six-monthly retrospective surveys.
• Death Rate Trends in India:
• India's death rate has significantly declined from 25 per 1,000 population in 1951 to 6 per 1,000 population in 2020.
• This decline is attributed to advancements in medical technology, better healthcare infrastructure, and improved living standards.
• Mortality Indicators:
• Other mortality indicators include infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, and age-specific mortality rates.
• These indicators help assess the health status and performance of healthcare systems in the country.
• Health Initiatives in India:
• Government programs like Ayushman Bharat, National Health Mission, and Janani Suraksha Yojana aim to reduce mortality rates and improve public health.
• These initiatives focus on preventive healthcare, affordability, and accessibility for all citizens.

The correct answer is Arya Mahila Samaj.

Key Points

• The Arya Mahila Samaj was founded by Pandita Ramabai Saraswati in 1882 in Pune, India.
• The organization aimed at promoting women’s education and addressing the social issues faced by Indian women, especially widows.
• Pandita Ramabai was a prominent social reformer, educationist, and advocate for women’s rights, particularly in the 19th-century Indian context.
• The Arya Mahila Samaj played a critical role in creating awareness about the need for women's empowerment and was a precursor to several women's rights movements in India.
• The institution also worked towards providing shelter and education to widows, as well as advocating for their remarriage, which was a taboo in Indian society at the time.

Additional Information

• Pandita Ramabai Saraswati:
• She was one of the earliest champions of women's education and emancipation in India.
• Ramabai was the first Indian woman to be awarded the title of "Pandita" for her deep knowledge of Sanskrit scriptures.
• Sharda Sadan (1889):
• Pandita Ramabai also established the Sharda Sadan (House of Learning) in Bombay to educate widows and destitute women.
• It later became a significant institution contributing to women's education in India.
• Women’s Education in 19th Century India:
• Women’s education was largely neglected and opposed by conservative factions of society during this period.
• Reformers like Pandita Ramabai, Jyotirao Phule, and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar were instrumental in advancing female literacy and empowerment.
• Arya Samaj:
• The Arya Mahila Samaj drew inspiration from the Arya Samaj movement founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, which advocated for social reforms based on Vedic principles.

The correct answer is Gross Domestic Product.

Key Points

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders over a specific time period, usually annually or quarterly.
• It is considered the most comprehensive measure of a country’s economic performance and growth.
• GDP reflects the overall economic activity, including consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports (exports minus imports).
• A higher GDP indicates a growing economy, while a declining GDP might signal an economic downturn or recession.
• Governments and policymakers use GDP as a critical indicator to formulate fiscal and monetary policies and evaluate the economic impact of various initiatives.

Additional Information

• Types of GDP:
• Nominal GDP: Measures the economic output using current market prices, without adjusting for inflation.
• Real GDP: Adjusts for inflation, providing a more accurate representation of an economy's growth over time.
• GDP Per Capita: Divides the GDP by the total population to measure the average economic output per person.
• Components of GDP:
• Consumption: Spending by households on goods and services.
• Investment: Expenditure on capital goods like machinery, buildings, and infrastructure.
• Government Spending: Expenditure by the government on public services and infrastructure.
• Net Exports: The value of exports minus the value of imports.
• GDP Growth Rate: Indicates how fast an economy is growing or contracting and is a critical measure of economic health.
• Limitations of GDP:
• Does not account for the distribution of income or economic inequality.
• Excludes non-market activities such as unpaid domestic work and volunteer services.
• Does not measure environmental sustainability or the well-being of citizens.
• Alternative Indicators: Other measures like Gross National Happiness (GNH) and Human Development Index (HDI) are sometimes used to complement GDP for a holistic view of societal progress.

The correct answer is 3) Nagaland.

Key Points

• The Hornbill Festival is an annual cultural festival celebrated in the state of Nagaland, India.
• It is organized by the Government of Nagaland to promote the rich cultural heritage of the 16 major tribes and sub-tribes of the state.
• The festival is named after the Hornbill bird, which is considered a symbol of respect and folklore in Naga culture.
• It is celebrated from December 1 to 10 every year at the Naga Heritage Village, Kisama, near Kohima, the capital of Nagaland.
• The festival includes cultural performances, traditional music, dance, food, crafts, and a variety of events like the Hornbill International Rock Contest.

Additional Information

• Nagaland:
• Nagaland is located in the northeastern region of India and shares its borders with Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Manipur, as well as Myanmar.
• The state is known for its diverse tribes, each having its own unique traditions, language, and festivals.
• Hornbill Bird:
• The Hornbill bird is a large, colorful bird found in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa.
• It holds a significant place in Naga folklore and symbolizes the rich biodiversity of the region.
• Tourism Impact:
• The Hornbill Festival attracts both domestic and international tourists, boosting the local economy and promoting cultural exchange.
• It is often referred to as the "Festival of Festivals" and serves as a platform for showcasing the state’s cultural vibrancy.
• UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage:
• Festivals like the Hornbill Festival contribute to the preservation of intangible cultural heritage, which is recognized as vital by UNESCO.

The correct answer is Newspapers. link

Key Points

• The Concurrent List in the Indian Constitution includes subjects on which both the Centre and States can legislate.
• Newspapers is included in the Concurrent List as per Schedule VII of the Indian Constitution.
• Subjects like Newspapers, forests, marriage, and adoption often require coordination between the Centre and States.
• Legislation by States on Concurrent List subjects is valid unless it conflicts with a central law, in which case the central law prevails.
• The Concurrent List comprises 52 items, and fisheries is one among them.

Additional Information

• Schedule VII of the Indian Constitution:
• It divides legislative powers between the Union and States into three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
• The Union List contains subjects like defense, foreign affairs, and atomic energy, which are exclusively legislated by the Centre.
• The State List includes subjects like police, public health, and agriculture, primarily legislated by the States.
• The Concurrent List contains subjects like education, forest, and fisheries that require joint effort by the Centre and States.
• Legislative Process on Concurrent Subjects:
• Both the Centre and States can legislate on subjects in the Concurrent List.
• If there is a conflict between a state law and a central law, the law enacted by the Centre prevails.
• Examples of Concurrent List Subjects:
• Education, electricity, and criminal law are notable subjects under the Concurrent List.
• Subjects like marriage and adoption require harmonized legislation between States and the Centre.

The correct answer is First Law of Thermodynamics.

Key Points

• The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred between systems.
• This law is also known as the Law of Energy Conservation.
• The mathematical expression of the First Law is: ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.
• It establishes the principle that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time.
• The First Law applies universally to all physical and chemical processes, from engines to biological systems.

Additional Information

• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: Defines thermal equilibrium and forms the basis for the measurement of temperature.
• Second Law of Thermodynamics: States that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time and explains the concept of irreversibility in natural processes.
• Third Law of Thermodynamics: States that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a constant minimum.
• Energy Transformation: Common examples include the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy in engines or electrical energy to light energy in bulbs.
• Applications: The First Law is critical in understanding processes like heat engines, refrigerators, and biological metabolism.

The correct answer is Rukmini Devi Arundale.

Key Points

• Rukmini Devi Arundale was a renowned Indian classical dancer and the founder of the Kalakshetra Foundation, an academy for Bharatanatyam and other Indian art forms.
• She was instrumental in reviving and re-establishing Bharatanatyam as a respected and sophisticated classical dance form in the 20th century.
• The Kalakshetra Foundation, established in 1936 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, continues to promote Indian performing arts and cultural traditions globally.
• She is widely credited with introducing innovative techniques in stagecraft and costumes to enhance the visual appeal of Bharatanatyam.
• Rukmini Devi also worked towards preserving Indian heritage and was a strong advocate of cultural education.

Additional Information

• Bharatanatyam:
• Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance forms of India, originating from Tamil Nadu.
• It combines expressions (bhava), melody (raga), rhythm (tala), and dramatic performance (natya).
• This dance form was traditionally performed in temples as an offering to deities.
• Kalakshetra Foundation:
• Kalakshetra means "a holy place of arts" and focuses on Bharatanatyam, Carnatic music, and visual arts.
• The foundation is recognized as an institution of national importance under the Indian Constitution.
• It follows a Gurukula system of education, emphasizing discipline and holistic learning.
• Rukmini Devi's Contributions:
• She redefined Bharatanatyam by removing its association with Devadasi culture and aligning it with modern aesthetics.
• She introduced mythological themes and used Sanskrit compositions in performances.
• Her efforts ensured the survival and global recognition of Bharatanatyam.
• Honors and Recognition:
• Rukmini Devi was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 1952 for her contributions to Indian culture.
• She received the Padma Bhushan in 1956 and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1967.

The correct answer is 1872.

Key Points

• The first Indian Census was conducted in 1872 during the period of British rule.
• It was conducted under the authority of Lord Mayo, the then Viceroy of India.
• This census was not synchronous, meaning it was conducted in different regions at different times between 1865 and 1872.
• It aimed to collect demographic data such as population size, caste, religion, occupation, and literacy levels.
• It laid the foundation for a systematic decadal (every 10 years) census, which officially began in 1881.

Additional Information

• Decadal Census: The Indian Census became a regular decadal exercise starting from 1881 and has continued ever since, except for disruptions during major events like the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Registrar General and Census Commissioner: The office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, is responsible for conducting the census.
• Modern Census Features: The modern Indian Census collects data on population, economic activity, literacy, housing, amenities, and migration, among other things.
• 2011 Census: The most recent completed census was in 2011, which recorded India’s population at 1.21 billion, making it the second-most populous country in the world.
• Digital Census: The upcoming census is expected to incorporate digital technology for data collection, marking a significant shift from traditional paper-based methods.

The correct answer is Option 1: C.

Key Points

• Köppen's climate classification is one of the most widely used systems for categorizing the world's climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns.
• The letter C in Köppen's classification represents Warm Temperate climates, also known as "Mesothermal climates."
• Warm Temperate climates (C) are characterized by moderate temperatures, no extreme cold or heat, and distinct seasonal variations.
• Regions with "C" climates typically experience wet winters and dry summers, often associated with Mediterranean climates.
• Examples of areas with Warm Temperate climates include the Mediterranean Basin, parts of California, and southern Australia.

Additional Information

• Köppen Climate Classification System:
• Developed by Vladimir Köppen, this system categorizes climates into five primary groups: A (Tropical), B (Dry), C (Warm Temperate), D (Cold), and E (Polar).
• Each group is further divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns.
• Mesothermal Climate:
• Mesothermal climates (C) are defined by moderate temperatures and sufficient precipitation to sustain vegetation throughout the year.
• They are typically located in mid-latitude regions, between tropical and polar zones.
• Subcategories of "C" climates:
• Csa - Mediterranean climate (hot summers, wet winters).
• Cfa - Humid subtropical climate (hot summers, consistent rainfall).
• Cfb - Marine west coast climate (cool summers, mild winters).
• Importance of Climate Classification:
• Helps scientists understand and predict global climate patterns.
• Supports agricultural planning and environmental conservation efforts.

The correct answer is Option 1 (303).

Key Points

• The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS) has sanctioned a total of 303 sportspersons across 17 sporting disciplines for the upcoming Asian Para Games.
• The Asian Para Games is scheduled to be held in Hangzhou, China, from October 22 to October 28, 2023.
• This is the largest-ever contingent fielded by India for the Asian Para Games.
• The sanctioned sportspersons include 120 female athletes, highlighting India's push toward inclusivity and gender representation in sports.
• The government has also ensured full financial support for training, participation, and other logistical arrangements for the contingent.

Additional Information

• Asian Para Games:
• The Asian Para Games is a multi-sport event held every four years for athletes with physical disabilities.
• It is organized by the Asian Paralympic Committee and is parallel to the Asian Games.
• India has been actively participating since its inception in 2010.
• Paralympic Sports:
• Paralympic sports are specifically designed for athletes with a range of physical disabilities, including visual impairment, amputations, and cerebral palsy.
• They are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
• Indian Achievements in Para Sports:
• India has seen a remarkable rise in its performance in para sports over recent years, with notable achievements in athletics, badminton, and powerlifting.
• In the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, India won a record 19 medals, including 5 golds.
• Government Initiatives:
• The government has launched schemes such as the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) to support elite para-athletes.
• Special training centers and funding programs have been introduced to promote para sports in India.

The correct answer is Haryana.

Key Points

• Savita Punia, often referred to as the "Wall of Indian Hockey," is a renowned women's hockey player from Haryana.
• She was born in Jodhkan village, Sirsa district, Haryana, which has produced several athletes who represent India at international levels.
• Savita Punia has been instrumental in leading the Indian women’s hockey team as a goalkeeper in various global tournaments.
• Her exceptional performance was highly praised during the Tokyo Olympics 2021, where she played a crucial role in India reaching the semi-finals.
• Haryana is known for its strong sports culture, contributing significantly to India's representation in sports like hockey, wrestling, and athletics.

Additional Information

• Haryana’s Sports Legacy:
• Haryana has a long-standing tradition of promoting sports and is home to many Olympians and world-class athletes.
• The state government provides financial support and infrastructure for athletes through schemes like the Haryana Sports Policy.
• It has established sports academies and training facilities to nurture young talent.
• Contribution to Indian Hockey:
• Haryana has been a hub for producing skilled hockey players, both male and female.
• Players like Rani Rampal and Savita Punia hail from Haryana, contributing significantly to the Indian hockey team's success.
• Role of Goalkeepers in Hockey:
• Goalkeepers play a crucial role in hockey by defending against penalty corners, strikes, and ensuring the team's defense remains intact.
• Savita Punia is celebrated for her swift reflexes, agility, and decision-making skills in high-pressure situations.
• Achievements of Savita Punia:
• She has received several accolades, including being named the Best Goalkeeper in various tournaments.
• Savita Punia has represented India in the Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, and World Cup, earning significant recognition globally.

The correct answer is Rajesh Kumar Singh.

Key Points

• Rajesh Kumar Singh was appointed as the Defence Secretary in the South Block, New Delhi, in November 2024.
• The Defence Secretary is the administrative head of the Ministry of Defence and acts as a key advisor to the Government of India on defence-related matters.
• Rajesh Kumar Singh has a proven track record of administrative excellence and has previously held prominent positions within the Indian administrative framework.
• His appointment aligns with the Government of India's focus on enhancing national security and modernizing the defence infrastructure.
• The Defence Secretary plays a pivotal role in coordinating between the armed forces, defence production, and policy-making bodies.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Defence:
• The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is responsible for managing India's national defence, including the armed forces and defence production units.
• The MoD oversees key organizations like the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• It plays a crucial role in formulating defence policies and ensuring the country's security against external threats.
• Defence Secretary:
• The Defence Secretary is a senior civil servant heading the Ministry of Defence, tasked with administrative and financial oversight.
• The role includes coordination between the defence forces and policy-making bodies to ensure operational efficiency.
• The Defence Secretary is instrumental in implementing reforms and modernization within the armed forces and defence sector.
• South Block:
• South Block is a prominent building in New Delhi that houses key ministries, including the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of External Affairs, and the Prime Minister's Office.
• It is strategically located on Raisina Hill and serves as the administrative hub for India's central government.
• India's Defence Modernization Efforts:
• India is focusing on enhancing its defence capabilities through initiatives like Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat in the defence sector.
• Key priorities include the acquisition of advanced weapon systems, indigenous production, and strengthening cybersecurity measures.

The correct answer is Narayan Rane.

Key Points

• Narayan Rane is the Union Cabinet Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) as of September 2024.
• He assumed office on July 7, 2021, after the cabinet reshuffle under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government.
• The Ministry of MSME is responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies to promote and support small businesses in India.
• Narayan Rane is a senior politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), having served in various capacities at both the state and central levels.
• Under his leadership, the Ministry has been focusing on boosting MSME growth through initiatives like technology adoption, financial support, and market linkage programs.

Additional Information

• MSME Sector in India:
• The MSME sector is often referred to as the backbone of the Indian economy, contributing around 30% of India’s GDP and employing over 11 crore people.
• It includes manufacturing, services, and trade-based enterprises.
• Key Initiatives by the Ministry of MSME:
• Udyam Registration: A simplified registration process for MSMEs to avail of government benefits.
• Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme: Provides collateral-free loans to small businesses.
• Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP): Aims to generate employment through entrepreneurship.
• MSME Classification:
• MSMEs are classified based on investment in plant and machinery or equipment and annual turnover:
• Micro Enterprise: Investment up to ₹1 crore and turnover up to ₹5 crore.
• Small Enterprise: Investment up to ₹10 crore and turnover up to ₹50 crore.
• Medium Enterprise: Investment up to ₹50 crore and turnover up to ₹250 crore.
• Challenges Faced by MSMEs:
• Lack of access to formal credit.
• Inadequate technological adoption.
• Skilled labor shortages and competition from global markets.

The correct answer is 1500 BCE - 200 CE.

Key Points

• The Iron Age in India is marked by the widespread use of iron tools and weapons, which significantly contributed to advancements in agriculture and warfare.
• It is estimated to have begun around 1500 BCE, overlapping with the later Vedic period and extending up to approximately 200 CE.
• This period saw the emergence of regional kingdoms, the rise of urban centers, and the evolution of early state formations.
• Archaeological evidence such as iron artifacts, tools, and megalithic structures found in South India and other regions supports the timeline of the Iron Age in India.
• Important cultural advancements during this era include the development of iron metallurgy and its influence on socio-economic transformations.

Additional Information

• Iron Metallurgy: Iron processing techniques were refined during this period, leading to the production of stronger tools and weapons compared to earlier materials like copper and bronze.
• Megalithic Culture: The Iron Age coincided with the spread of megalithic burial practices, particularly in South India, which are characterized by large stone structures used as burial sites.
• Vedic Literature: The later Vedic texts, such as the Brahmanas and Upanishads, provide insights into the socio-political and religious developments of the Iron Age.
• Urbanization: The Iron Age laid the foundation for urbanization and trade networks in northern and central India, paving the way for the emergence of cities like Kashi and Hastinapur.
• Regional Variations: While the northern regions of India developed iron tools for agriculture and warfare, the southern regions showcased distinct megalithic traditions and localized advancements.

Shortcut Trick

Observe the given numbers: 51, 18, 432, and 144.

Since 18 and 144 perfectly divide 432, they can be ignored for calculating the LCM.

We only need to find the LCM of 51 and 432.

As 51 = 3 × 17 and 432 is already a multiple of 3, we just multiply 432 by the remaining unique prime factor 17.

LCM = 432 × 17 = 7344.

∴ The correct answer is 7344.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers: 51, 18, 432, and 144.

Method Used:

Prime factorization method to find the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM).

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 51 = 3 × 17

⇒ Prime factorization of 18 = 2 × 3²

⇒ Prime factorization of 432 = 2⁴ × 3³

⇒ Prime factorization of 144 = 2⁴ × 3²

⇒ To find the LCM, we take the highest power of each prime factor present.

⇒ Highest power of 2 = 2⁴

⇒ Highest power of 3 = 3³

⇒ Highest power of 17 = 17¹

⇒ LCM = 2⁴ × 3³ × 17

⇒ LCM = 16 × 27 × 17

⇒ LCM = 432 × 17 = 7344

∴ The correct answer is 7344.

Additional Information

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest number that is a multiple of all given numbers. It is found by multiplying the highest powers of all prime factors involved.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest number that perfectly divides all given numbers without leaving a remainder. It is found by multiplying the lowest powers of common prime factors.

Product Rule for Two Numbers

For any two numbers A and B, the product of the numbers is always equal to the product of their LCM and HCF: A × B = LCM(A, B) × HCF(A, B).

Coprime Numbers

Two numbers are coprime if their HCF is 1. The LCM of two coprime numbers is always equal to their direct product.

Shortcut Trick

Initial average of 40 students = 12 years.

Deviation for first 5 students = 5 × (10 − 12) = −10 years.

Deviation for next 5 students = 5 × (14 − 12) = +10 years.

Net deviation of these 10 students = −10 + 10 = 0.

Since the net deviation of removed students is 0, the average of remaining students remains unchanged.

∴ The correct answer is 12 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total students = 40

Average age of all 40 students = 12 years

Average age of first group of 5 students = 10 years

Average age of second group of 5 students = 14 years

5 5 30 Students

10 yrs 14 yrs ? yrs

Total 40 Students (Avg = 12 years)

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 40 students = 40 × 12 = 480 years

⇒ Total age of first 5 students = 5 × 10 = 50 years

⇒ Total age of next 5 students = 5 × 14 = 70 years

⇒ Total age of these 10 students = 50 + 70 = 120 years

⇒ Number of remaining students = 40 − 10 = 30 students

⇒ Total age of remaining 30 students = 480 − 120 = 360 years

⇒ Average age of remaining students = 360 ÷ 30 = 12 years

∴ The correct answer is 12 years.

Additional Information

Net Deviation Method

The sum of deviations of all individual values from their average is always zero. If a removed subgroup has a net deviation of exactly zero, the remaining subgroup will perfectly retain the original average.

Weighted Average Formula

Combined Average = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂ + ...) ÷ (n₁ + n₂ + ...), where n is the number of elements and A is the average of each respective group.

Given:

2% of x = 312

Calculation:

(2/100) × x = 312

⇒ x = 312 × (100/2)

⇒ x = 15600

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Shortcut Trick

Simplify the ratio of weights: 20% : 35% : 45% = 4 : 7 : 9.

Total ratio parts = 4 + 7 + 9 = 20.

Let the assumed average be 70.

Net deviation = [4 × (80 − 70) + 7 × (70 − 70) + 9 × (60 − 70)] ÷ 20

Net deviation = (40 + 0 − 90) ÷ 20 = −50 ÷ 20 = −2.5

∴ The correct answer is 67.5 marks.

Alternate Method

Given:

Weights of three exams (W₁, W₂, W₃) = 20%, 35%, 45%

Scores of Aditya (X₁, X₂, X₃) = 80, 70, 60

Formula Used:

Weighted Average = (W₁X₁ + W₂X₂ + W₃X₃) ÷ (W₁ + W₂ + W₃)

20% 35% 45%

Score: 80 Score: 70 Score: 60

Weighted Average = (80×20 + 70×35 + 60×45) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Total Weight = 20 + 35 + 45 = 100

⇒ Weighted Average = (80 × 20 + 70 × 35 + 60 × 45) ÷ 100

⇒ Weighted Average = (1600 + 2450 + 2700) ÷ 100

⇒ Weighted Average = 6750 ÷ 100

⇒ Weighted Average = 67.5

∴ The correct answer is 67.5 marks.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

When items have different importances, frequencies or percentage distributions, we use weighted average: Average = (w₁x₁ + w₂x₂ + ... + w_nx_n) ÷ (w₁ + w₂ + ... + w_n).

Combined Mean

If two distinct groups of sizes n₁ and n₂ have individual averages A₁ and A₂, their combined average is formulated as (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Deviation Method for Averages

Assume an arbitrary base average (A), find the total deviation of all given quantities from A, and then true average = A + (Net Deviation ÷ Total Elements).

Shortcut Trick

For four numbers in proportion, the product of extremes equals the product of means.

⇒ 4 × 81 = a × 16a

⇒ 324 = 16a²

⇒ a² = 324 ÷ 16 = 20.25

∴ The correct answer is 20.25.

Alternate Method

Given:

First term = 4

Second term = a

Third term = 16a

Fourth proportional = 81

Formula Used:

If four values a, b, c, and d are in proportion, then a ÷ b = c ÷ d

Product of Means = Product of Extremes

4

:

a

::

16a

:

81

Product of Extremes

Product of Means

Calculations:

⇒ 4 ÷ a = 16a ÷ 81

⇒ 16a × a = 4 × 81

⇒ 16a² = 324

⇒ a² = 324 ÷ 16

⇒ a² = 81 ÷ 4

⇒ a² = 20.25

∴ The correct answer is 20.25.

Additional Information

Fourth Proportional

If a : b :: c : d, then d is called the fourth proportional to a, b, and c. It is calculated as d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Third Proportional

If a, b, and c are in continued proportion (a : b :: b : c), then c is the third proportional to a and b. Formula: c = b² ÷ a.

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and c is b, where b = √(a × c).

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed (same direction) = (80 − 60) × 5/18 = 20 × 5/18 = 50/9 m/s

Total distance to cross completely = Length of Faster Train + Length of Slower Train = 200 + 250 = 450 m

Time required = Total distance ÷ Relative speed = 450 ÷ (50/9) = 450 × 9/50 = 81 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 81 seconds.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of faster train (L₁) = 200 m

Length of slower train (L₂) = 250 m

Speed of faster train (S₁) = 80 km/hr

Speed of slower train (S₂) = 60 km/hr

Relative Speed = 80 − 60 = 20 km/hr

200 m

80 km/hr

250 m

60 km/hr

Total Distance = 200 + 250 = 450 m

Formula Used:

When two objects move in the same direction, Relative Speed = S₁ − S₂

Time taken to cross = (Total length of both trains) ÷ (Relative Speed)

Conversion factor from km/hr to m/s = Multiply by 5/18

Calculations:

⇒ Total distance to be covered = L₁ + L₂ = 200 + 250 = 450 m

⇒ Relative Speed = 80 − 60 = 20 km/hr

⇒ Relative Speed in m/s = 20 × (5/18) = 100/18 = 50/9 m/s

⇒ Time taken = 450 ÷ (50/9)

⇒ Time taken = 450 × 9 ÷ 50

⇒ Time taken = 9 × 9 = 81 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 81 seconds.

Additional Information

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction)

When two objects move in opposite directions towards each other, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds: Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂.

Crossing a Stationary Object (Negligible length)

When a train crosses a pole or a standing man, the distance covered is exactly equal to the length of the train alone. Formula: Time = L_train ÷ Speed.

Crossing a Platform or Bridge

When a train crosses an object with a significant length (like a platform or bridge), the total distance covered is the sum of the train's length and the object's length. Formula: Time = (L_train + L_platform) ÷ Speed.

Shortcut Trick

Net Profit % = Markup % − Discount % − (Markup % × Discount %) ÷ 100

Profit % = 18.8 − 12.5 − (18.8 × 12.5) ÷ 100

Profit % = 6.3 − (18.8 × 1/8)

Profit % = 6.3 − 2.35 = 3.95%

∴ The correct answer is 3.95%.

Alternate Method

CP = 100

SP = 103.95

MP = 118.8

+18.8% Markup

−12.5% Discount

+3.95% Profit

Given:

Markup percentage = 18.8%

Discount percentage = 12.5% = 1/8

Formula Used:

SP = MP × (1 − Discount%)

Profit % = [(SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100

Calculations:

Let the Cost Price (CP) of the jacket be 100.

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 100 + 18.8% of 100 = 118.8

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 118.8 × (1 − 1/8)

⇒ SP = 118.8 × 7/8 = 103.95

⇒ Profit = SP − CP = 103.95 − 100 = 3.95

⇒ Profit % = (3.95 ÷ 100) × 100 = 3.95%

∴ The correct answer is 3.95%.

Additional Information

Effective Percentage Change

When a value is first increased by a% and then decreased by b%, the net percentage change is directly given by: a − b − (a × b) ÷ 100.

Relationship Between CP, MP, and SP

Selling Price (SP) establishes the relationship between cost and markup: SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100 = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of d₁% and d₂% are provided by a shopkeeper, the equivalent single discount will be: d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

If amounts are equal after T₁ and T₂ years, then P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{T₂ − T₁}

Here, Ratio of Varun's share to Ashish's share (V/A) = (1 + 10/100)^{14 − 13} = 11/10

Total ratio parts = 11 + 10 = 21 parts

21 parts = 1218 ⇒ 1 part = 1218 ÷ 21 = 58

Ashish's share (10 parts) = 10 × 58 = 580

∴ The correct answer is ₹580.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total Amount = ₹1218

Rate (R) = 10% compounded annually

Time for Varun = 13 years

Time for Ashish = 14 years

Formula Used:

Compound Interest Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)^T

Total: ₹1218

Varun (V)

Ashish (A)

13 yrs @ 10%

14 yrs @ 10%

Equal Amount

Calculations:

⇒ Let the share of Varun be V and the share of Ashish be A.

⇒ Total sum: V + A = 1218

⇒ According to the condition, Amount received by Varun = Amount received by Ashish

⇒ V × (1 + 10/100)¹³ = A × (1 + 10/100)¹⁴

⇒ V × (11/10)¹³ = A × (11/10)¹⁴

⇒ V / A = (11/10)¹⁴ / (11/10)¹³

⇒ V / A = (11/10)¹

⇒ Ratio of Varun's share to Ashish's share (V : A) = 11 : 10

⇒ Total parts = 11 + 10 = 21

⇒ Share of Ashish (A) = (10 / 21) × 1218

⇒ A = 10 × 58

⇒ A = 580

∴ The correct answer is ₹580.

Additional Information

Equal Amounts Concept

When a sum is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ such that their amounts are equal after T₁ and T₂ years respectively at R% compound interest, the ratio of their investments is P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{T₂ − T₁}.

Effective Compound Interest Rule

Unlike Simple Interest where growth is linear, Compound Interest grows exponentially. Thus, the person investing for a lesser duration must be given a larger principal to eventually catch up and generate an equal amount as the other.

Shortcut Trick

Convert all sides to the same unit: 0.25 m = 25 cm.

The sides 7 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm form a Pythagorean triplet (since 7² + 24² = 25²).

∴ The triangle is a right-angled triangle with base 24 cm and height 7 cm.

Area = 1/2 × base × height = 1/2 × 24 × 7 = 84 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 84 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Sides of the triangle, a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm, c = 0.25 m

Formula Used:

Heron's Formula for the area of a triangle: Area = √(s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c))

Where semi-perimeter, s = (a + b + c) ÷ 2

7 cm 24 cm 25 cm

Calculations:

⇒ Convert 0.25 m into cm: 0.25 × 100 = 25 cm.

⇒ a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm, c = 25 cm

⇒ Semi-perimeter, s = (7 + 24 + 25) ÷ 2 = 56 ÷ 2 = 28 cm.

⇒ Area = √(28 × (28 − 7) × (28 − 24) × (28 − 25))

⇒ Area = √(28 × 21 × 4 × 3)

⇒ Area = √(7 × 4 × 7 × 3 × 4 × 3)

⇒ Area = √(7² × 4² × 3²)

⇒ Area = 7 × 4 × 3 = 84 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 84 cm².

Additional Information

Heron's Formula

Used to find the area of a scalene triangle when all three sides are known: Area = √(s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)).

Pythagorean Triplets

A set of three positive integers a, b, and c that satisfy a² + b² = c². Common examples include (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), (8, 15, 17), and (7, 24, 25).

Area of Equilateral Triangle

When all three sides are equal (say a), the area is given by (√3 ÷ 4) × a².

Area of Right-Angled Triangle

If the triangle has a 90° angle, the area is calculated as 1/2 × base × perpendicular height.

Given:

Evaluate: (-9) - (-60) ÷ (-15) + (-2) × 8

Formula used:

Follow BODMAS rule (Brackets, Orders, Division/Multiplication, Addition/Subtraction).

Calculation:

Expression: (-9) - (-60) ÷ (-15) + (-2) × 8

⇒ (-9) - [(-60) ÷ (-15)] + [(-2) × 8]

⇒ (-9) - [60 ÷ 15] + (-16)

⇒ (-9) - 4 + (-16)

⇒ -9 - 4 - 16

⇒ -29

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

Difference in Principal = 10200 − 5400 = ₹4800

Difference in Interest for 3 years = ₹720

Difference in Interest for 1 year = 720 ÷ 3 = ₹240

Rate % = (1-year interest ÷ Principal difference) × 100

Rate % = (240 ÷ 4800) × 100 = 5%

∴ The correct answer is 5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Chetan's Principal (P₁) = ₹5400

Vipul's Principal (P₂) = ₹10200

Time (T) = 3 years

Difference in Simple Interest = ₹720

Chetan P = ₹5400 Time = 3 yrs

Vipul P = ₹10200 Time = 3 yrs

Difference in Principal = ₹4800 Difference in Interest (3 yrs) = ₹720

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

Let the rate of simple interest be R%.

⇒ Vipul's Interest = (10200 × R × 3) ÷ 100 = 306R

⇒ Chetan's Interest = (5400 × R × 3) ÷ 100 = 162R

Since Vipul gets ₹720 more interest than Chetan:

⇒ 306R − 162R = 720

⇒ 144R = 720

⇒ R = 720 ÷ 144

⇒ R = 5

∴ The correct answer is 5%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest vs Compound Interest

Simple Interest is calculated only on the principal amount, whereas Compound Interest is calculated on both the principal and the accumulated interest. SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100.

Proportionality in Simple Interest

If Rate and Time are constant, Simple Interest is directly proportional to the Principal. The difference in simple interest for two different principals will be the interest earned on the difference of the principals.

Amount Formula

The total amount at the end of the time period is given by Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100].

Shortcut Trick

First three prime numbers are 2, 3, 5 ⇒ Y = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10.

If c is the third proportional to a and b, then c = b² ÷ a.

X = 10² ÷ 20 = 100 ÷ 20 = 5.

∴ The correct answer is 5.

Alternate Method

Given:

Y = sum of the first three prime numbers.

X = third proportional of 20 and Y.

Formula Used:

If c is the third proportional to a and b, then a : b :: b : c, which gives a ÷ b = b ÷ c.

20

:

10 (Y)

::

10 (Y)

:

X

÷ 2

÷ 2

X = 10 ÷ 2 = 5

Calculations:

⇒ The first three prime numbers are 2, 3, and 5.

⇒ Y = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10

⇒ X is the third proportional to 20 and 10.

⇒ 20 : 10 :: 10 : X

⇒ 20 ÷ 10 = 10 ÷ X

⇒ 2 = 10 ÷ X

⇒ X = 10 ÷ 2 = 5

∴ The correct answer is 5.

Additional Information

Proportion Rule

Four numbers a, b, c, d are in proportion if a : b = c : d, which implies Product of Extremes (a × d) = Product of Means (b × c).

Third Proportional

If a, b, and c are in continued proportion (a : b :: b : c), then c is the third proportional to a and b. Formula: c = b² ÷ a.

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and c is b, calculated using the formula: b = √(a × c).

Prime Numbers

Numbers strictly greater than 1 that have only two factors: 1 and themselves. The smallest prime number is 2, which is also the only even prime.

Shortcut Trick

Total distance to cover = Length of train + Length of tunnel = 398 + 802 = 1200 m

Speed in m/s = 45 × (5/18) = 12.5 m/s

Time = Total distance ÷ Speed = 1200 ÷ 12.5 = 96 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 96 seconds.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the train (L₁) = 398 m

Length of the tunnel (L₂) = 802 m

Speed of the train (S) = 45 km/h

Train

Tunnel

398 m

802 m

Total Distance = 1200 m

Speed = 45 km/h

Formula Used:

Time = Total Distance ÷ Speed

Total Distance = Length of Train + Length of Tunnel

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = 398 + 802 = 1200 m

⇒ Speed in m/s = 45 × (5/18) = 25/2 = 12.5 m/s

⇒ Time required = 1200 ÷ 12.5

⇒ Time required = 96 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 96 seconds.

Additional Information

Conversion of Speed

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply the speed by (5/18). To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by (18/5).

Crossing a Stationary Object with Length

When a train crosses a tunnel, bridge, or a standing platform, the total distance covered to clear the object is the sum of the length of the train and the length of the object.

Crossing a Point Object

When a train crosses a pole, a stationary man, or a tree, the total distance covered to clear it is only equal to the length of the train itself.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair be 1 unit.

Total SP = 153 units, Profit = 85 units.

Cost Price (CP) = SP − Profit = 153 − 85 = 68 units.

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (85 ÷ 68) × 100 = 125%

∴ The correct answer is 125%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of chairs sold = 153

Gain = Selling price of 85 chairs

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = Selling Price (SP) − Profit

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

CP = 68 Profit = 85

Total Selling Price (SP) = 153

Profit % = (85 ÷ 68) × 100 = 125%

Unitary Method Allocation

Calculations:

⇒ Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair be ₹1.

⇒ Total SP for 153 chairs = 153 × 1 = ₹153.

⇒ Profit earned = SP of 85 chairs = 85 × 1 = ₹85.

⇒ CP of 153 chairs = Total SP − Profit.

⇒ CP = 153 − 85 = ₹68.

⇒ Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (85 ÷ 68) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (5 ÷ 4) × 100

⇒ Profit % = 5 × 25 = 125%

∴ The correct answer is 125%.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basic Formulas

Profit = SP − CP and Loss = CP − SP. Profit and Loss percentages are always calculated on the Cost Price (CP) unless stated otherwise.

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount. Discount % = (Discount ÷ MP) × 100.

Dishonest Dealer Concept

When a dealer claims to sell goods at cost price but uses a false weight, the actual Profit % = (Error ÷ True Weight − Error) × 100.

Shortcut Trick

SI for 1st year = 40 ÷ 2 = ₹20.

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = 50 − 40 = ₹10.

This difference is the interest earned on the 1st year's SI.

Rate% = (10 ÷ 20) × 100 = 50%.

Principal = (1st year SI × 100) ÷ Rate = (20 × 100) ÷ 50 = ₹40.

∴ The correct answer is ₹40.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) for 2 years = ₹40

Compound Interest (CI) for 2 years = ₹50

Principal P

Year 1 (SI)

₹ 20

Year 2 (SI)

₹ 20

₹ 10 Interest on 1st Yr

Total SI = ₹40 | Total CI = ₹50

Formula Used:

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = P × (R ÷ 100)²

SI for 2 years = (P × R × 2) ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ SI for 1 year = 40 ÷ 2 = ₹20

⇒ Difference in interests for 2 years = 50 − 40 = ₹10

⇒ The extra interest in CI comes solely from the interest calculated on the 1st year's SI.

⇒ Rate R = (10 ÷ 20) × 100 = 50%

⇒ We know, SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ 40 = (P × 50 × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ 40 = P × 1

⇒ P = ₹40

∴ The correct answer is ₹40.

Additional Information

Difference between CI and SI (for 2 years)

The difference between CI and SI for exactly 2 years is calculated directly using the formula: Diff = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Difference between CI and SI (for 3 years)

The difference between CI and SI for exactly 3 years is calculated using the formula: Diff = P × (R ÷ 100)² × (3 + R ÷ 100).

Effective Rate for CI (2 years)

If the rate of interest is R% per annum, the effective compound interest rate for 2 years is given by (2R + R² ÷ 100)%.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM(22, 24, 33) = 264 units & Efficiencies: A = 12, B = 11, C = 8 units/day.

Work done in 1 cycle of 3 days (A + C + B) = 12 + 8 + 11 = 31 units.

Number of complete cycles = 264 ÷ 31 = 8 cycles (24 days), Work done = 31 × 8 = 248 units.

Remaining work = 264 − 248 = 16 units.

On Day 25, A completes 12 units (Remaining = 4). On Day 26, C takes 4 ÷ 8 = 1/2 day.

∴ The correct answer is 25 1/2 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 22 days

Time taken by B = 24 days

Time taken by C = 33 days

Work sequence: A on 1st day, C on 2nd day, B on 3rd day, and so on.

Method Used:

Total Work = LCM of given days

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Days

Calculations:

⇒ Work done in one cycle of 3 days (A + C + B) = 12 + 8 + 11 = 31 units

⇒ Number of full cycles in 264 units = 264 ÷ 31 = 8 complete cycles

⇒ Time taken for 8 complete cycles = 8 × 3 = 24 days

⇒ Work done in 24 days = 8 × 31 = 248 units

⇒ Remaining work = 264 − 248 = 16 units

⇒ On the 25th day, A works and completes 12 units

⇒ Remaining work after 25 days = 16 − 12 = 4 units

⇒ On the 26th day, C works to complete the remaining 4 units

⇒ Time taken by C = Work to be done ÷ Efficiency of C = 4 ÷ 8 = 1/2 day

⇒ Total time taken = 24 + 1 + 1/2 = 25 1/2 days

∴ The correct answer is 25 1/2 days.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Work Concept

When individuals work on alternate days, first find the total work done in one complete cycle. Divide the total work by the cycle work to get the number of full cycles, and calculate the remaining work for the subsequent days based on their strict working sequence.

Pipes & Cisterns

The concept is completely identical to Time & Work. Inlet pipes have positive efficiency (filling), while outlet pipes have negative efficiency (emptying) which is useful for alternate minute filling/emptying cycles.

Work & Wages

Wages are strictly distributed in the ratio of the actual total work done by each individual. If they work together for the same number of days, the wages are directly distributed in the ratio of their efficiencies.

Given:

Expression: 16 + 12 ÷ 3 - 2 × 3

Formula used:

Follow BODMAS rule: Brackets, Orders (exponents), Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction

Calculations:

16 + 12 ÷ 3 - 2 × 3

⇒ 16 + 4 - 6

⇒ 20 - 6

⇒ 14

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Shortcut Trick

The LCM must be perfectly divisible by all the given numbers, including 36 (divisible by 9) and 30 (divisible by 10).

Divisibility by 10 means the number must end in 0, so we check only 3440 and 3420.

Divisibility by 9 means the sum of the digits must be a multiple of 9.

The sum of the digits for 3440 is 3 + 4 + 4 + 0 = 11 (Not divisible by 9).

The sum of the digits for 3420 is 3 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 9 (Perfectly divisible by 9).

∴ The correct answer is 3420.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 36, 30, 114 and 380.

Concept Used:

The Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the product of the highest powers of all prime factors present in the numbers.

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 36 = 2² × 3²

⇒ Prime factorization of 30 = 2 × 3 × 5

⇒ Prime factorization of 114 = 2 × 3 × 19

⇒ Prime factorization of 380 = 2² × 5 × 19

⇒ The LCM requires the highest power of each prime factor observed (2, 3, 5, and 19).

⇒ LCM = 2² × 3² × 5 × 19

⇒ LCM = 4 × 9 × 5 × 19

⇒ LCM = 36 × 95 = 3420

∴ The correct answer is 3420.

Additional Information

LCM of Fractions

The LCM of two or more fractions is calculated by taking the LCM of the numerators and dividing it by the HCF of the denominators.

HCF of Fractions

The HCF of fractions is calculated by taking the HCF of the numerators and dividing it by the LCM of the denominators.

Product Rule of LCM and HCF

For any two natural numbers, the product of the numbers is strictly equal to the product of their HCF and LCM.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are defined as co-prime if their Highest Common Factor (HCF) is exactly 1. The LCM of co-prime numbers is always equal to their product.

Shortcut Trick

Let initial price and expenditure be 100 units.

New Price = 100 + 90 = 190 units.

Target Expenditure = 100 + 33 = 133 units.

Reduction in consumption is calculated on the new price: 190 − 133 = 57 units.

Required % reduction = (57 ÷ 190) × 100 = 30%.

∴ The correct answer is 30%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Increase in petrol price = 90%

Allowed increase in expenditure = 33%

Formula Used:

Expenditure = Price × Consumption

100 (Initial)

133 (Target Exp)

190 (New Price)

Price +90%

Exp +33%

Reduction = 57

Reduction % = 57 ÷ 190 × 100 = 30%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial price of petrol be ₹100/litre and initial consumption be 100 litres.

⇒ Initial Expenditure = 100 × 100 = ₹10,000

⇒ New Price = 100 + 90% of 100 = ₹190/litre

⇒ Target Expenditure = 10,000 + 33% of 10,000 = ₹13,300

⇒ New Consumption = Target Expenditure ÷ New Price

⇒ New Consumption = 13,300 ÷ 190 = 70 litres

⇒ Reduction in consumption = Initial Consumption − New Consumption

⇒ Reduction in consumption = 100 − 70 = 30 litres

⇒ Required percentage reduction = (30 ÷ 100) × 100 = 30%

∴ The correct answer is 30%.

Additional Information

Price, Consumption, and Expenditure

The total expenditure is the product of price and consumption: Expenditure = Price × Consumption. To keep expenditure constant when price increases by R%, consumption must be reduced by [R ÷ (100 + R)] × 100%.

Percentage Change

Percentage change is calculated as: [(Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value] × 100. It denotes relative increment or decrement over the original base.

Successive Percentage Change

When a quantity undergoes two successive percentage changes of a% and b%, the net percentage change is given by the effective formula: [a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100]%.

Shortcut Trick

When two items are sold at the same Selling Price, one at a profit of x% and the other at a loss of x%, the overall result is always a net loss.

Net Loss % = (x² ÷ 100)%

Given x = 5%, Net Loss % = (5² ÷ 100)% = 25 ÷ 100% = 0.25%

∴ The correct answer is 0.25% loss.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price of each television (SP) = ₹7,980

Profit on the first television = 5%

Loss on the second television = 5%

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = [100 ÷ (100 + Profit%)] × SP

Cost Price (CP) = [100 ÷ (100 − Loss%)] × SP

Loss % = (Net Loss ÷ Total CP) × 100

CP = ₹7600

• 5% Profit

SP = ₹7980

CP = ₹8400

− 5% Loss

SP = ₹7980

Total CP = ₹16000 | Total SP = ₹15960 → Net Loss = ₹40

Calculations:

⇒ CP of first TV = [100 ÷ (100 + 5)] × 7980

⇒ CP of first TV = (100 ÷ 105) × 7980 = ₹7,600

⇒ CP of second TV = [100 ÷ (100 − 5)] × 7980

⇒ CP of second TV = (100 ÷ 95) × 7980 = ₹8,400

⇒ Total CP of both TVs = 7600 + 8400 = ₹16,000

⇒ Total SP of both TVs = 7980 + 7980 = ₹15,960

⇒ Total Loss = Total CP − Total SP = 16000 − 15960 = ₹40

⇒ Net Loss % = (40 ÷ 16000) × 100 = 0.25%

∴ The correct answer is 0.25% loss.

Additional Information

When Selling Price is same (SP₁ = SP₂)

If two items are sold at the same price, gaining x% on one and losing x% on the other, there is always a net loss of (x² ÷ 100)%.

When Cost Price is same (CP₁ = CP₂)

If two items are bought at the same price, and sold with x% profit on one and x% loss on the other, the overall transaction results in No Profit No Loss (0% change).

Dishonest Dealer

When a dealer professes to sell goods at cost price but uses a false weight, the formula applied is Profit % = [Error ÷ (True Value − Error)] × 100.

Successive Profit/Discount

For successive changes of x% and y% applied on the same base price, the net effective percentage change is calculated using [x + y + (x × y) ÷ 100]%.

The correct answer is: Faith.

Key Points

• The word "Despair" means a complete loss or absence of hope. (निराशा)
• Example: After failing the exam, she was filled with despair.
• "Faith" refers to a strong belief or trust in something or someone, especially without proof. It represents hope and confidence, which is the opposite of despair. (आस्था)
• Example: Despite the challenges, he had faith that everything would work out in the end.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'despair' is 'faith'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Faith.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Clumsy (अकुशल): Lacking skill or grace in movement or action.
• Example: The clumsy waiter dropped the tray of dishes.
• Appear (प्रकट होना ): To come into view or become visible.
• Example: He appeared suddenly out of nowhere, startling everyone.
• Incline (झुकाव): To lean or bend toward a particular direction or to have a tendency toward something.
• Example: She inclined her head to listen more closely to the speaker.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Humble.

Key Points

• The word "arrogant" means having an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities; showing an overbearing attitude. (घमंडी)
• Example: His arrogant behavior alienated him from his colleagues.
• The word "humble" refers to someone who has or shows a modest or low estimation of their importance; opposite of arrogance. (विनम्र)
• Example: Despite his success, he remains humble and approachable.
• Since the sentence contrasts "arrogant" with its opposite, the correct antonym is "humble."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Humble.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Better (बेहतर): Of superior quality or excellence.
• Example: She always strives to do better than her previous performance.
• Rude (असभ्य): Lacking manners or courtesy; impolite.
• Example: His rude remarks offended everyone in the meeting.
• Honest (ईमानदार): Being truthful and sincere.
• Example: An honest person always earns the respect of others.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "bold move" in the sentence suggests a decision that is daring or courageous, which aligns with the meaning of "daring step."

Therefore, the most appropriate substitution is "daring step," making Option 2 the correct choice.

 

Correct Sentence: "The CEO's decision to restructure the company was seen as a daring step to stay competitive."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1 ("timid action") is incorrect because it conveys hesitation, which contradicts the boldness of the CEO's decision.
• Option 3 ("cautious approach") is also incorrect as it implies carefulness, which does not align with the daring nature of the decision.
• Option 4 ("predictable response") is incorrect because a bold move is often unexpected and not predictable.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Demolish.

Key Points

• The word "Construct" means to build or put together something, especially buildings or structures. (निर्माण करना)
• Example: The team worked hard to construct a new bridge over the river.
• "Demolish" refers to the act of destroying or tearing down something, especially buildings or structures. (ध्वस्त करना)
• Example: The old factory was demolished to make space for a new shopping mall.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Construct' is 'Demolish'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Detect (पता लगाना): To discover or identify the presence of something.
• Example: The scientist was able to detect traces of a rare element in the sample.
• Proceed (आगे बढ़ना): To continue or move forward in a course of action.
• Example: After the interruption, the speaker proceeded with her presentation.
• Compensate (क्षतिपूर्ति करना): To make up for something, especially a loss or deficiency.
• Example: The company promised to compensate the workers for their extra hours of work.

The correct answer is: Option 2, kept their chin up.

Key Points

• "Kept their chin up" means to remain cheerful and optimistic, especially in difficult situations. (मुश्किल परिस्थितियों में उत्साहित और आशावादी रहना)
• Example: Even after losing the match, the players kept their chin up and prepared for the next game.
• In the given sentence, "Despite the initial setbacks, the team remained optimistic and pushed through to achieve their goals," the idiom "kept their chin up" perfectly substitutes the underlined segment as it conveys the idea of staying positive in challenging times.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2, kept their chin up.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Kept at bay (दूर रखना): To keep something or someone at a safe distance or to prevent something from happening.
• Example: The villagers built a strong fence to keep the wild animals at bay.
• Kept a close eye (नज़दीकी से निगरानी रखना): To monitor someone or something carefully.
• Example: The teacher kept a close eye on the students during the exam.
• Kept a stiff upper lip (दृढ़ और शांत रहना): To remain strong and not show emotions, especially in difficult situations.
• Example: Even after hearing the bad news, she kept a stiff upper lip and supported her family.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The adverb "brightly" is incorrectly used in the sentence.
• Adverbs typically modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and their usage should align with the meaning of the sentence.
• In this context, "brightly handled" is not appropriate. Instead, a more suitable adverb like "skillfully" or "gracefully" should be used to describe how the situation was managed.
• Thus, the error is located in Option 2.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "Lily and her mother skillfully handled the difficult situation."

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'grantting'.

• The correct spelling would be 'granting'.
• The word 'granting' is a verb which means 'to agree to give or allow something requested'. (अनुमति देना)
• For Example -
• The manager is granting permission for extra leave.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'granting'.

The correct answer is: Option 1 (Contemporary).

Key Points

• The word "antiquated" means outdated, old-fashioned, or belonging to an earlier period in time. (पुरातन)
• Example: The company decided to replace its antiquated machinery with modern equipment.
• The word "Contemporary" refers to something that is modern, current, or belonging to the same time period as the present. (आधुनिक)
• Example: The artist is known for his contemporary style of painting that resonates with today's audience.
• Hence, the antonym of "antiquated" is "contemporary."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 (Contemporary).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Obsolete (प्रचलन से बाहर): No longer in use or outdated.
• Example: Many believe that printed newspapers will soon become obsolete due to digital media.
• Outdated (पुराना): Something old-fashioned or no longer relevant.
• Example: The software is outdated and needs to be upgraded.
• Ancient (प्राचीन): Belonging to a very distant past, often thousands of years old.
• Example: The ancient ruins of the city attract tourists from around the world.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect usage of the word "careful" in part B.
• The word "careful" is an adjective, but the sentence requires an adverb to describe the action of drawing diagrams.
• The correct word should be "carefully", which is an adverb and modifies the verb "draws" appropriately.
• Thus, the error is located in part B of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "While teaching, she draws the diagrams very carefully on the board."

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. cheerful.

Key Points

• The word "bleak" means cold, unwelcoming, or lacking in hope; it often describes a situation or environment that is depressing or without promise. (निराशाजनक)
• Example: The weather was bleak, with dark clouds and a biting wind.
• "Cheerful" refers to being noticeably happy and optimistic; it conveys positivity and hope, which is the opposite of bleak. (प्रसन्न)
• Example: She greeted everyone with a cheerful smile, brightening up the room.
• Hence, the antonym of "bleak" is "cheerful".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e., cheerful.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Stony (पत्थर जैसा): Having the characteristics of stone, often used to describe something hard or unfeeling.
• Example: His stony expression made it difficult to know what he was thinking.
• Blank (रिक्त ): Empty or without expression.
• Example: Her face was blank as she tried to process the shocking news.
• Clean (साफ): Free from dirt, marks, or unwanted matter.
• Example: He keeps his house clean and tidy at all times.

The correct answer is: Option 2, i.e. "Excellent and Outstanding".

Key Points

• The idiom "Cat's pajamas" refers to something that is excellent, outstanding, or the best in its category. (अत्युत्तम)
• Example: The new smartphone is really the cat's pajamas; it has all the latest features.
• "Excellent and Outstanding" refers to something of exceptional quality or performance. (उत्कृष्ट और असाधारण)
• Example: Her performance in the competition was excellent and outstanding; she truly deserved the trophy.
• Hence, the idiom "Cat's pajamas" means "Excellent and Outstanding".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Boring and repetitive (उबाऊ और दोहरावपूर्ण): Something that lacks excitement or variety and is monotonous.
• Example: The lecture was boring and repetitive; I struggled to stay awake.
• Soft and soothing (मुलायम और सुखदायक): Something that has a calming or comforting effect.
• Example: The music was soft and soothing, perfect for relaxation.
• Frightening and dubious (डरावना और संदिग्ध): Something that causes fear or seems suspicious.
• Example: The old abandoned house looked frightening and dubious at night.

The correct answer is 'frantically'.

 

Key Points

• The word "frantically" means in a hurried, excited, or disorganized manner, often due to fear or urgency. (उत्तेजित होकर)
• The drowning fisherman needed to attract the attention of the rescue team, so he waved "frantically" in desperation.
• The other options: "strongly," "softly," and "poorly" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: The drowning fisherman waved his hands frantically to get the attention of the rescue team.

Additional Information

• Strongly (मजबूती से): implies with great force or intensity, but does not convey urgency or desperation.
• Softly (धीरे से): implies in a gentle or quiet manner, which is not suitable for the context.
• Poorly (खराब तरीके से): means inadequately or badly, which does not fit the given situation.

The correct answer is 'organized'.

 

Key Points

• The word "organized" means arranged in a systematic way or made more efficient. (संगठित)
• After the new management took over, the chaotic office became structured and orderly.
• The other options: "hectic," "disorganised," and "tumultuous" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: Much to his astonishment, the once chaotic office was now surprisingly organized after the new management took over.

Additional Information

• Hectic (व्यस्त): means full of incessant or frantic activity.
• Disorganised (अव्यवस्थित): means lacking order or organization.
• Tumultuous (अराजक): means characterized by disorderly commotion or noise.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'cemetarry'.

• The correct spelling would be 'cemetery'.
• The word 'cemetery' is a noun which means 'a burial ground; a graveyard'. (कब्रिस्तान)
• For Example -
• The old cemetery was filled with tombstones of historical significance.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'cemetery'.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The original sentence states that an engine part is no longer produced, and the speaker requires it.
• Option 2 correctly rephrases the sentence with grammatical clarity: "that I require is no longer made."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "I have just come to know that the engine part that I require is no longer made."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: This option unnecessarily adds "by the company," which changes the context of the original sentence.
• Option 3: The phrase "which I needs" is grammatically incorrect.
• Option 4: The phrase "has absent" is not a valid grammatical construction in English.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses climate justice and its connection to environmental and social issues.
• The first blank refers to the urgent global issue that is central to the topic.
• "Crisis" accurately captures the severity and urgency of climate-related problems, fitting the context.
• Other options like "case," "context," or "chapter" do not convey the urgency or seriousness of the issue.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The blank refers to the clause “it is deeply entangled,” which describes the environment.
• The correct relative pronoun for a non-human subject that introduces a clause is “which”.
• Other options like “whose” (possessive), “that” (restrictive but less formal), or “whom” (refers to people) do not fit grammatically in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses climate justice and how different communities are affected by environmental issues.
• Blank (3) refers to the type of environmental issue impacting low-income and BIPOC communities.
• The term "change" accurately captures the context of climate-related impacts.
• Other options like "challenge," "measure," or "controlling" do not fit the context of describing the environmental phenomenon causing disproportionate impacts.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The passage states that low-income and BIPOC communities are "least responsible for the problem," indicating the preposition for is appropriate to show responsibility.
• Other options (at, in, by) do not correctly convey responsibility in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the disproportionate impacts of climate change on low-income and BIPOC communities.
• Blank 5 requires a word that indicates the communities who experience the highest impact.
• The word "most" appropriately conveys that these communities are the ones most affected.
• Other options like "drastic," "big," or "easy" do not correctly convey the intended meaning in context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

सही उत्तर है- घड़ों पानी पड़ जाना - बहुत अधिक खुश होना ।

Key Pointsघड़ों पानी पड़ जाना -

• अर्थ- बहुत शर्मिंदा या लज्जित होना
• वाक्य प्रयोग-
• "यदि कोई छात्र परीक्षा में नकल करते हुए पकड़ा जाता है, तो उस पर "घड़ों पानी पड़ जाएगा"।

Important Pointsछिपा रुस्तम-

• अर्थ- देखने में साधारण , वास्तव में गुणी
• वाक्य प्रयोग-
• "सुरेश देखने में तो बहुत सीधा-सादा लगता था, पर परीक्षा में उसने टॉप किया, सच में वो तो छिपा रुस्तम निकला।"

चेहरे पर हवाइयाँ उड़‌ना -

• अर्थ- घबरा जाना
• वाक्य प्रयोग-
• "पुलिस को देखकर चोर के चेहरे पर हवाइयाँ उड़ गईं।"

तारे गिनना -

• अर्थ- व्यग्रता से प्रतीक्षा करना
• ​वाक्य प्रयोग-
• "रमेश रात भर सो नहीं पाया, वह बेचारे तारे गिनता रहा।"

Additional Informationअन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरें- 

सही उत्तर है - के अनुकुल स्वयं

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - हमें परिस्थितियों के अनुकुल स्वयं को ढालने का हुनर आना चाहिए।
• दिए गये वाक्य में वर्तनी प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• यहाँ 'के अनुकुल स्वयं' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• अत: सार्थक शब्द 'के अनुकूल स्वयं' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य -
• ​हमें परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल स्वयं को ढालने का हुनर आना चाहिए।

Important Points

• वर्तनी -
• ​किसी शब्द में आये हुए अक्षरों को मात्राओं सहित कहने या लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं।

Additional Information

वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ - 

'बिना किसी प्रयास के' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द है - अनायास

Key Points

• 'बिना किसी प्रयास के' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा - अनायास

Important Points

• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Informationकुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

सही उत्तर है- भटकना 

Key Pointsखाक छानना- 

• अर्थ- भटकना​
• वाक्य - 
• ​वक्त-वक्त की बात है कभी रोहन गाड़ी से नीचे पैर नहीं रखता था आज उसे पैदल ही गलियों की खाक छाननी पड़ रही है।

Important Points

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - बाप-दादाओं

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - हमारे बाप-दादाओं ने कभी ऐसा नहीं किया।
• दिए गये वाक्य में वाक्य संरचना प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• यहाँ 'बाप-दादाओं' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• अत: सही शब्द 'बाप-दादों' होना चाहिए। क्योंकि बाप और दादा दोनों पुल्लिंग संज्ञाएँ हैं और बहुवचन में दादों सही होगा।
• शुद्ध वाक्य -
• ​हमारे बाप-दादों ने कभी ऐसा नहीं किया।

Important Points

• पुल्लिंग - शब्द के जिस रूप से पुरुष जाति का बोध होता है, उसे पुल्लिंग कहते हैं।
• जैसे - छात्र, चाचा, बूढ़ा, नौकर, शेर, बंदर, ताला आदि।
• बहुवचन - संज्ञा के जिस रूप से कई व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं का बोध होता है, उसे बहुवचन कहते हैं।
• जैसे - लड़के, किताबें, दादों आदि।

Additional Informationलिंग संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ -