SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 18 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

 

Logic: If two dice have same face value in given image than their clockwise or anticlockwise wise number/letter are know as opposite number/letter in dice.

Opposite pairs

2 ⇔ 5

1 ⇔ 4

3 ⇔ 6

Thus, 3 is the number on the face opposite to the face containing 6.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

 

Given Expression: P + Q × R ÷ S – T

P + Q: P is the daughter of Q. 

Q × R: Q is the wife of R. 

 

R ÷ S: R is the father of S.

 

S – T: S is the brother of T. 

 

Family Tree Representation:

The gender of T is not specified.

Thus, relationship between P and T:  P is the Sister of T.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 370.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing number in the series is 749.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given interchange rules are: ‘×’ ↔ ‘÷’ and ‘−’ ↔ ‘+’.

The new equation after interchanging signs is:

72 − 5 + 42 ÷ 7 × 1 = ?

Now, we solve the equation following the BODMAS rule:

= 72 − 5 + 42 ÷ 7 × 1

= 72 − 5 + 6 × 1

= 72 − 5 + 6

= 67 + 6

= 73

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The venn diagram of given words is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Total number of letters - 2 = Number.

'DSBQCA' is coded as '4'

Total letters is 6

→ 6 - 2 

→ 4

'SJTB' is coded as '2'

Total letters is 4

→ 4 - 2 

→ 2.

Similarly,

'XTPLIKAE'  is coded as

Total letters is 8

→ 8 - 2 

→ 6.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The letter-cluster that DOES NOT belong to the group is RHX.

The logic followed here is.

For 'QEU':

For 'KAQ':

For 'WMC':

For 'RHX':

Thus, the letter-cluster that DOES NOT belong to that group is RHX.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given word is GLORIFY.

Arrange the letters of the word GLORIFY in English alphabetical order.

 

Thus, the position of One letter ('Y') remains unchanged.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

ADGI is related to BFJM

EHLN is related to FJOR

Similarly

GKPQ is related to

Thus, GKPQ is related to HMSU.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Total numbers of letters × 4 = Number.

'NFTBZ' is coded as '20'

Total number of letter is 5

→ 5 × 4

→ 20.

'ZOQ' is coded as '12'

Total number of letter is 3

→ 3 × 4

→ 12.

Similarly,

'GZFESITY' is coded as

Total number of letter is 8

→ 8 × 4

→ 32.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

KB 23 is related to SK 50

 

BP 12 is related to JY 39

 

Similarly

MH 31 is related to

 

Thus, MH 31 is related to UQ 58.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is VVO.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3."

The paper appears when unfolded:

 

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

(I): Some superstars are producers → False(As, there is no direct relation between them)

(II): Some actors are writers → False(As, there is no direct relation between them)

Thus, Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

 E, F, G, H, J, K and L are sitting around a circular table facing the centre of the table.

Only two people sit between K and J when counted from the right of K.

J sits to the immediate right of F.

Only three people sit between H and F when counted from the right of F.

G sits to the immediate right of L. 

Thus, G  sits fourth to the right of E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option  1".

The given figure embedded in:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Seven people, A, B, L, M, N, S and T, are sitting in a row, facing north.

Only L sits to the right of N.

Only one person sits between M and N.

Only two people sit between T and M.

B sits at some place to the right of S but at some place to the left of A.

Thus, 2 people sit between A and S.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option  4".

The correct answer is 1.3.

Key Points

• The Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin 2020 revealed that the death rate in rural India was higher compared to urban India.
• The rural death rate was recorded at 6.9 per 1,000 population, while the urban death rate was 5.6 per 1,000 population.
• The difference between the death rates of rural and urban areas stood at 1.3 as per the SRS Bulletin 2020.
• Death rates are influenced by factors such as healthcare access, lifestyle, and socio-economic conditions.
• This data highlights disparities in health infrastructure and living conditions between rural and urban regions in India.

Additional Information

• Sample Registration System (SRS):
• SRS is a demographic survey conducted in India to provide reliable annual estimates of birth rate, death rate, and other vital statistics.
• It functions under the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
• Factors Affecting Death Rates:
• Access to healthcare facilities, nutrition, sanitation, and socio-economic conditions play a crucial role in determining death rates.
• Rural areas often face challenges such as poor healthcare infrastructure and limited access to emergency services.
• Urban vs. Rural Health Disparities:
• Urban areas typically have better access to healthcare facilities, emergency services, and sanitation.
• Rural regions may lack adequate medical facilities, leading to higher mortality rates.
• Policy Interventions:
• Government schemes like Ayushman Bharat aim to bridge the gap in healthcare access between rural and urban areas.
• Improving rural health infrastructure is a key focus area for reducing disparities in death rates.

The correct answer is Shankar Mahadevan.

Key Points

• 'Breathless' is one of Shankar Mahadevan's most iconic tracks, released in 1998, and it gained widespread recognition for its unique style.
• The song is composed in a way that it seems like it is sung in one continuous breath, showcasing Shankar Mahadevan's incredible vocal prowess.
• Shankar Mahadevan is a renowned Indian singer and composer, part of the celebrated music trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy.
• 'Breathless' was not only a musical masterpiece but also a breakthrough track that catapulted Shankar Mahadevan to fame in the Indian music industry.
• The album was produced by Javed Akhtar, who penned the lyrics, adding depth to the innovative composition.

Additional Information

• Shankar Mahadevan is a versatile artist who has excelled across genres such as classical, Bollywood, and contemporary music.
• He is a recipient of multiple awards, including National Film Awards for Best Male Playback Singer.
• Shankar Mahadevan is also known for his contributions to Indian classical music and has performed in numerous prestigious concerts worldwide.
• He founded the Shankar Mahadevan Academy, an online music school aimed at teaching Indian classical music to learners globally.
• The music trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, of which Shankar Mahadevan is a part, has composed music for several blockbuster films such as Kal Ho Naa Ho, Rock On, and Dil Chahta Hai.

The correct answer is Get Set Goa.

Key Points

• The 37th National Games of India were held in Goa in 2023, marking an important milestone in India’s sporting history.
• The official motto for these games was "Get Set Goa," highlighting Goa's spirit and enthusiasm for hosting a national-level sporting event.
• The games featured participation from athletes across the country, competing in multiple disciplines.
• Goa was selected as the host state due to its infrastructure and commitment to promoting sports and culture.
• The event aimed to foster unity and sportsmanship among players and spectators alike.

Additional Information

• National Games of India:
• The National Games are a multi-sport event conducted in India, showcasing talent from across states and union territories.
• It is organized under the aegis of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
• History:
• The first edition of the National Games was held in 1924 in Lahore, then part of undivided India.
• It was initially known as the Indian Olympic Games.
• Frequency:
• The games are usually held every two to four years, although delays are common due to logistical and administrative challenges.
• Significance:
• The National Games serve as a platform to identify and nurture sporting talent for international competitions, including the Olympics.
• They promote physical fitness, national integration, and the spirit of sportsmanship.

The correct answer is Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution & New and Renewable Energy.

Key Points

• Pralhad Joshi is currently serving as the Union Minister for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution & New and Renewable Energy as of October 2024.
• He inaugurated the India Sugar & Bio Energy Conference held on 26th and 27th September 2024, showcasing the importance of renewable energy and bioenergy in India's sustainable development goals.
• The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution is responsible for ensuring food security and consumer rights across India.
• This ministry also oversees the Public Distribution System (PDS), which provides subsidized food and essentials to economically weaker sections.
• The inclusion of New and Renewable Energy under his portfolio highlights India’s commitment to achieving its renewable energy targets and transitioning towards sustainable energy sources.

Additional Information

• India Sugar & Bio Energy Conference:
• A platform to discuss advancements in sugarcane production, ethanol blending, and bioenergy development.
• Focuses on reducing carbon emissions through the use of biofuels and renewable energy sources.
• New and Renewable Energy Initiatives:
• India aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 under its Paris Agreement commitments.
• Key projects include the National Solar Mission and promotion of wind, hydro, and bioenergy technologies.
• Public Distribution System (PDS):
• An Indian food security system established to distribute essential commodities like rice, wheat, and kerosene to low-income families at subsidized rates.
• PDS is critical for alleviating hunger and poverty, especially in rural and economically disadvantaged areas.
• Ethanol Blending Program:
• India has set a target of achieving 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025 to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
• Sugar mills play a major role in producing ethanol from molasses, contributing to the program's success.

The correct answer is Surendranath Banerjee and Anandamohan Bose.

Key Points

• The Indian Association was founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Anandamohan Bose in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
• The Indian Association was established with the primary objective of creating a strong public opinion against British policies and promoting political unity among Indians.
• It aimed to build a platform for educated Indians to demand reforms in British governance and represent Indian issues to the colonial rulers.
• The Indian Association played a vital role in organizing the first-ever Indian National Conference in 1883, which served as a precursor to the Indian National Congress.
• It was one of the earliest organizations that worked towards creating political awareness and fostering unity among Indians during the pre-Congress era.

Additional Information

• Surendranath Banerjee:
• He was one of the earliest leaders of India's nationalist movement and is often referred to as the "father of Indian nationalism."
• He founded the newspaper “The Bengalee” to spread awareness and mobilize public opinion against colonial policies.
• Surendranath Banerjee was a key figure in the Indian National Congress and advocated for constitutional reforms and self-rule.
• Anandamohan Bose:
• He was a prominent social reformer, nationalist, and one of the founding members of the Indian Association.
• Anandamohan Bose was the first Indian to graduate from the University of Cambridge with honors in mathematics.
• He worked actively for the upliftment of society and contributed significantly to the Indian nationalist movement.
• Indian National Conference:
• The Indian National Conference was organized in 1883 and 1885 by the Indian Association to discuss political and social reforms.
• It was a precursor to the Indian National Congress and inspired the formation of the Congress in 1885.
• Pre-Congress Political Organizations:
• Before the Indian National Congress, political organizations like the Indian Association, Bombay Presidency Association, and Poona Sarvajanik Sabha laid the foundation of the Indian freedom struggle.
• These organizations focused on creating political awareness and mobilizing educated Indians for reforms and self-governance.

The correct answer is Shunga Dynasty.

Key Points

• The Shunga Dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, who overthrew the Mauryan emperor Brihadratha in 185 BCE.
• Pushyamitra Shunga was originally a commander-in-chief in the Mauryan army.
• The Shunga Dynasty ruled over parts of northern and central India, with its capital at Pataliputra.
• The reign of the Shunga Dynasty is marked by the revival of Brahmanical traditions and the decline of Buddhism.
• The Shunga rulers were patrons of art and architecture, contributing significantly to the construction of stupas and temples, including enhancements to the Bharhut and Sanchi stupas.

Additional Information

• Pushyamitra Shunga:
• He was the founder of the Shunga Dynasty and ruled from 185 BCE to 149 BCE.
• He is known for conducting Vedic sacrifices such as the Ashvamedha Yajna (horse sacrifice).
• Decline of Buddhism:
• The Shunga period saw a decline in royal patronage for Buddhism, although common people continued to practice it.
• The dynasty supported Brahmanical Hinduism, leading to a cultural shift.
• Art and Architecture:
• The Shunga rulers are known for their contributions to Indian art, particularly in the form of stupas like Bharhut and Sanchi.
• The period also witnessed the development of early Hindu temple architecture.
• Kanva Dynasty:
• The Kanva Dynasty succeeded the Shunga Dynasty after its decline around 73 BCE.
• The Kanva rulers were Brahmanical and continued the cultural legacy initiated by the Shungas.

The correct answer is Soviet Union.

Key Points

• The Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Indian Constitution via the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976.
• This concept was inspired by the Constitution of the former Soviet Union, which emphasized the duties of citizens alongside their rights.
• Initially, 10 Fundamental Duties were included; an additional duty was added later through the 86th Amendment Act in 2002.
• Fundamental Duties are listed under Article 51A of the Indian Constitution and serve as moral obligations for citizens.
• The aim is to promote a sense of responsibility and national unity among Indian citizens.

Additional Information

• 42nd Amendment Act (1976):
• Known as the "Mini Constitution," it introduced several significant changes, including Fundamental Duties, the Preamble, and changes to the Directive Principles of State Policy.
• The Fundamental Duties were added based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Article 51A:
• It lists 11 Fundamental Duties, such as respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, and protecting the environment.
• 86th Amendment Act (2002):
• This amendment added the duty of providing opportunities for education to children between the ages of 6 to 14 years.
• Global Context:
• While many constitutions focus predominantly on rights, the Soviet Union emphasized both rights and duties to ensure collective responsibility.
• India adopted a similar approach to align with its socio-cultural ethos and promote civic responsibility.

The correct answer is Loss of biodiversity.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution, which began in the mid-20th century, significantly increased agricultural productivity but led to the loss of biodiversity as it focused on monoculture farming.
• High-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops like wheat and rice were heavily promoted, replacing traditional crop varieties and reducing genetic diversity.
• The extensive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides further degraded ecosystems, harming pollinators, insects, and soil microorganisms.
• The reliance on a few crop species made agricultural systems more vulnerable to diseases, pests, and climate change, as genetic diversity acts as a natural buffer.
• Regions with rich agricultural traditions saw the disappearance of indigenous crop varieties, which were often better suited to local conditions and required fewer inputs.

Additional Information

• Monoculture: The practice of growing a single crop over a large area, which increases productivity but reduces biodiversity and makes crops more susceptible to pests and diseases.
• High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs): These are genetically improved crop varieties that produce more output per hectare but require significant inputs like water, fertilizers, and pesticides.
• Agrochemical Dependency: The Green Revolution led to the intensive use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which caused soil degradation and water contamination.
• Soil Health and Fertility: Continuous monoculture and excessive chemical use diminished soil organic matter, leading to decreased fertility over time.
• Sustainable Agriculture: Practices like crop rotation, organic farming, and the use of traditional seeds are being promoted to counteract the negative impacts of the Green Revolution and restore biodiversity.

The correct answer is State Legislative Assembly.

Key Points

• The Council of Ministers in a state is collectively responsible to the State Legislative Assembly as per Article 164 of the Indian Constitution.
• This collective responsibility implies that the entire council works as a unit and stands or falls together in the assembly.
• If the State Legislative Assembly passes a vote of no-confidence against the council, all its members including the Chief Minister must resign.
• The Chief Minister serves as the leader of the Council of Ministers and communicates the collective decisions of the council to the Governor.
• The principle of collective responsibility ensures accountability of the executive (Council of Ministers) to the legislative body (State Assembly).

Additional Information

• Governor's Role: The Governor is the constitutional head of the state and appoints the Chief Minister and other ministers on the CM’s advice. However, the council is not collectively responsible to the Governor.
• Article 164: This article lays down the provision of the council's collective responsibility to the legislative assembly and provides the constitutional framework for the functioning of the state government.
• Vote of No-Confidence: It is a parliamentary motion moved in the legislative assembly to demonstrate that the council no longer has the majority support of the house.
• Individual vs. Collective Responsibility: While individual ministers are responsible for their respective portfolios, collective responsibility ensures that the council acts unanimously and stands together on all decisions.
• Constitutional Comparison: This principle of collective responsibility is similar to the responsibility of the Union Council of Ministers to the Lok Sabha at the central level.

The correct answer is  Fat is considered as a good source of energy during the exercise and competition.

Key Points

• Fat is not considered a primary source of energy during exercise and competition; carbohydrates are preferred due to their quicker energy release.
• During high-intensity exercise, the body primarily relies on glycogen stored in muscles and liver for energy.
• Fat metabolism requires more oxygen and takes longer, making it less efficient as a source of immediate energy during exercise.
• Fat is utilized as a significant energy source during prolonged, low-intensity activities when carbohydrate reserves are depleted.

Additional Information

• Role of Vitamin C: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption by reducing ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), which is more readily absorbed in the intestines.
• Collagen Synthesis: Vitamin C is essential in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, which are critical steps in collagen formation.
• Antioxidant Properties: Vitamins A, E, and C act as antioxidants, neutralizing free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage.
• Energy Sources During Exercise: Carbohydrates are the main energy source for high-intensity exercise, while fats are utilized during prolonged, moderate-intensity activities.
• Metabolic Differences: Carbohydrate metabolism is anaerobic and faster, while fat metabolism is aerobic and slower but provides sustained energy for long-duration activities.

The correct answer is Election Commission of India (ECI).

Key Points

• Gyanesh Kumar, a 1988-batch Kerala cadre officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), was appointed as the Election Commissioner of India in March 2024.
• The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering elections in India.
• The ECI ensures free, fair, and impartial elections for the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state legislatures, and the offices of the President and Vice President.
• The Election Commission of India was established on 25th January 1950, and this date is celebrated annually as National Voters' Day.
• The appointment of Election Commissioners is made by the President of India, and they serve until the age of 65 years or for a tenure of six years, whichever is earlier.

Additional Information

• Election Commission of India (ECI):
• The ECI is a three-member body, comprising the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two other Election Commissioners.
• The decisions of the ECI are made by a majority vote among the three members.
• The ECI has the responsibility to ensure the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) is followed during elections.
• Under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution, the ECI has the authority to supervise, direct, and control the entire election process.
• Constitutional Provisions:
• Article 324: Provides for the establishment of the Election Commission.
• Article 325: Prohibits discrimination in the preparation of electoral rolls on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.
• Article 326: Grants universal adult suffrage, allowing all citizens of 18 years and above to vote.
• Chief Election Commissioner (CEC):
• The Chief Election Commissioner is the head of the ECI.
• The CEC is appointed by the President of India and can be removed only through impeachment by Parliament, similar to the removal process of a Supreme Court judge.
• Recent Election Reforms:
• Introduction of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) for greater transparency.
• Use of digital technology, including the cVIGIL app, to report violations of the MCC.
• Facilitation of remote voting for migrant workers, proposed through blockchain technology.

The correct answer is i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.

Key Points

• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (1989):
• Launched in 1989 by merging earlier rural employment programs like NREP (National Rural Employment Programme) and RLEGP (Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme).
• Objective: To provide employment to the unemployed in rural areas and create durable community assets.
• Implemented as a centrally sponsored scheme with a 80:20 cost-sharing ratio between the Centre and the states.
• The Employee Assurance Scheme (1993):
• Launched in 1993 as part of the social security initiatives for employees.
• Objective: To provide financial assurance to employees and their families in case of untimely death or disability.
• This scheme primarily benefited employees working in the organized sector.
• The Million Wells Scheme (1988):
• Launched in 1988 as a sub-scheme of the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP).
• Objective: To provide irrigation facilities and ensure water availability to small and marginal farmers, particularly those living below the poverty line.
• It emphasized developing sustainable agricultural practices.
• National Social Assistance Programme (1995):
• Launched in 1995 as part of a broader social welfare initiative by the Government of India.
• Objective: To provide financial support to the elderly, widows, and persons with disabilities belonging to below-poverty-line families.
• The scheme includes components like the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS) and the National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS).

Additional Information

• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana:
• The scheme was later revamped into other rural employment programs like the Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) and subsequently the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS).
• It primarily targeted rural poverty alleviation by providing wage employment opportunities to below-poverty-line families.
• The Million Wells Scheme:
• This scheme focused on small and marginal farmers, enabling them to improve their agricultural productivity through better irrigation facilities.
• It was particularly beneficial in areas with water scarcity and drought-prone regions.
• National Social Assistance Programme:
• It was one of the first centrally sponsored schemes aimed at providing a safety net to vulnerable sections of society.
• Components like widow pensions and family benefits have been crucial in reducing the financial burden on marginalized families.
• Employee Assurance Scheme:
• The scheme complemented other social security measures like the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) and the Employees’ State Insurance (ESI).
• It emphasized creating a financial safety net for employees working in the formal sector.

Important Points

• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana is considered a precursor to the modern MGNREGS, which guarantees 100 days of wage employment to rural households.
• The Million Wells Scheme is notable for its focus on sustainable agriculture and groundwater management.
• National Social Assistance Programme has evolved to include various direct benefit transfer mechanisms to ensure financial aid reaches beneficiaries directly.
• Employee Assurance Scheme paved the way for more comprehensive insurance schemes for employees in the organized sector.

The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• Uttarakhand's tableau was based on the theme 'Manaskhand', highlighting the cultural and spiritual heritage of the state.
• The tableau showcased the mythological and historical significance of the Manaskhand region, which is mentioned in ancient texts like the Skand Purana.
• It featured significant religious sites such as Jageshwar Dham, known for its ancient temples and rich architectural history.
• The tableau emphasized Uttarakhand's unique identity as the 'Devbhoomi' (Land of Gods) and its natural beauty, including the depiction of the state’s flora and fauna.
• Among the 17 states/union territories' tableaux presented during the Republic Day Parade 2023, Uttarakhand's entry was adjudged the best for its artistic, thematic, and cultural excellence.

Additional Information

• Tableaux in Republic Day Parade:
• Tableaux are visual representations of cultural, historical, and social themes from different states and union territories.
• The Ministry of Defence organizes the tableau competition annually during the Republic Day celebrations.
• The tableaux are judged by an expert panel on criteria such as creativity, theme relevance, design, and presentation.
• Manaskhand:
• Manaskhand is a sacred region mentioned in ancient Hindu scriptures, particularly the Skand Purana.
• It refers to the area covering parts of modern-day Uttarakhand, known for its temples and spiritual heritage.
• Jageshwar Dham:
• Jageshwar Dham is an ancient temple complex located in Almora, Uttarakhand, dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• The site is considered one of the twelve Jyotirlingas and is a major pilgrimage destination.
• Devbhoomi (Land of Gods):
• Uttarakhand is often referred to as 'Devbhoomi' due to its numerous temples, shrines, and pilgrim sites like Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri.
• It is also the origin of sacred rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna.
• Republic Day Parade 2023:
• The 74th Republic Day Parade celebrated India's cultural diversity and military strength at Kartavya Path (formerly Rajpath).
• A total of 23 tableaux, including those from 17 states/UTs and 6 from various ministries and departments, were part of the parade.

The correct answer is Tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

Key Points

• A progressive tax system is one where the tax rate increases as the taxable income or amount increases.
• This system is designed to impose a higher tax burden on individuals or entities with higher incomes, ensuring equitable distribution of wealth.
• It is commonly used in many countries to reduce income inequality and provide funds for public services.
• Examples of progressive taxes include income tax brackets, where higher income levels are taxed at higher rates.
• The principle of "ability to pay" is central to progressive taxation, meaning those with greater financial resources contribute more.

Additional Information

• Regressive Tax: A tax system where the tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases, disproportionately affecting lower-income earners.
• Proportional Tax: Also known as a flat tax, it applies the same tax rate to all income levels, regardless of the amount earned.
• Examples of Progressive Tax: U.S. Federal Income Tax, where tax brackets increase with higher income levels.
• Tax Brackets: Income ranges defined by law where specific tax rates apply, forming the foundation of progressive taxation.
• Redistribution of Wealth: Progressive taxation aims to reduce economic disparities by transferring resources from higher-income earners to fund programs for the broader population.

The correct answer is Mediterranean.

Key Points

• The westerly jet stream originates from the Mediterranean region and is responsible for carrying moisture-laden western disturbances into the Indian subcontinent.
• Western disturbances are extratropical storms that bring rainfall, snowfall, and cloudy weather to northern India, particularly during the winter months.
• These disturbances are crucial for Rabi crop irrigation, especially wheat, as they contribute to precipitation in the region.
• The interaction of the jet stream with the Himalayan mountains influences the movement and intensity of these disturbances.
• The phenomenon is most prevalent in regions such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir.

Additional Information

• Western disturbances: These are atmospheric depressions originating over the Mediterranean Sea and are carried eastward by the westerly jet stream.
• Jet streams: High-altitude, fast-flowing air currents in the atmosphere that influence weather patterns globally.
• Impact on agriculture: Western disturbances are critical for winter precipitation, aiding crops such as wheat and barley in northern India.
• Role of the Himalayas: The Himalayan range acts as a barrier, forcing these disturbances to deposit their moisture in the northern plains of India.
• Climate significance: These disturbances play a key role in maintaining seasonal weather patterns and replenishing water resources in India during the winter months.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Oli Jerang is a renowned Sattriya dancer hailing from Arunachal Pradesh.
• She has significantly contributed to the promotion of Sattriya dance, a classical dance form of Assam, outside its state of origin.
• Oli Jerang is known for her efforts in blending traditional Sattriya techniques with the cultural ethos of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Her performances often highlight the interconnectedness of art and cultural heritage across the northeastern states of India.
• She has received several accolades for her dedication to preserving and propagating Sattriya dance in non-traditional settings.

Additional Information

• Sattriya Dance:
• Sattriya is one of the eight classical dance forms of India, originating from the state of Assam.
• It was introduced in the 15th century by Srimanta Sankardev, a saint-scholar and cultural reformer.
• The dance form was primarily performed in Vaishnavite monasteries (Satras) as a medium of storytelling.
• Sattriya is characterized by its graceful movements, expressive hand gestures, and intricate footwork.
• Cultural Integration:
• Artists like Oli Jerang play a key role in showcasing the interwoven cultural heritage of India's northeastern states.
• They highlight how traditional art forms can transcend regional boundaries while retaining their core essence.
• Contribution to Arts:
• Efforts by performers like Oli Jerang emphasize the importance of promoting classical art forms in modern times.
• Such initiatives contribute to preserving India's diverse cultural legacy for future generations.

The correct answer is 1982.

Key Points

• India hosted the Asian Games in 1982, marking the 9th edition of the games.
• The 1982 Asian Games were held in New Delhi, India.
• India had previously hosted the inaugural Asian Games in 1951, making 1982 the second time the country hosted the event.
• The mascot for the 1982 Asian Games was Appu, an elephant, which became highly popular and symbolic of the games.
• The 1982 Asian Games featured a record 4,595 athletes from 33 nations participating in 21 sports.

Additional Information

• Asian Games: Also known as the Asiad, it is a continental multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA).
• Inaugural Edition: The first Asian Games were held in 1951 in New Delhi, India, marking the beginning of this prestigious event.
• 1982 Games Infrastructure: Notable venues included the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, and Talkatora Indoor Stadium, which were specially constructed or renovated for the event.
• India's Performance in 1982: India finished 5th in the medal tally with a total of 57 medals (13 Gold, 19 Silver, and 25 Bronze).
• Legacy: The 1982 Asian Games played a significant role in upgrading sports infrastructure in India and boosting the popularity of sports across the nation.

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8th April 2015.
• The scheme aims to provide financial support to micro and small enterprises by offering collateral-free loans through banks, non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), and microfinance institutions (MFIs).
• It was introduced to enhance entrepreneurship and promote self-employment, particularly for individuals from weaker sections of society.
• The loans under this scheme are categorized into three types: Shishu (up to ₹50,000), Kishor (₹50,001 to ₹5 lakh), and Tarun (₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh).
• The scheme is implemented by the Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank, which was established as a subsidiary of SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India).

Additional Information

• Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA):
• MUDRA Bank was established in 2015 as a financial institution to support the growth of the microfinance sector.
• It provides funding to microfinance institutions and NBFCs that, in turn, lend to micro and small enterprises.
• Collateral-Free Loans:
• The Mudra Yojana offers collateral-free loans, which means borrowers do not have to pledge any security or asset to avail the loan.
• This reduces the financial burden on small entrepreneurs and encourages more individuals to take up self-employment ventures.
• Impact of the Scheme:
• Since its inception, the scheme has significantly contributed to employment generation, especially among women and marginalized sections of society.
• A large proportion of beneficiaries under PMMY are women entrepreneurs, highlighting the scheme's focus on gender empowerment.
• Eligibility Criteria:
• Individuals, small businesses, and micro-enterprises engaged in manufacturing, trading, and service activities are eligible.
• The loans are provided to non-corporate, non-farm small/micro enterprises.

The correct answer is Colloid only.

Key Points

• A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture where fine particles are dispersed in a medium but do not settle down due to their small size.
• Filtration cannot separate colloidal particles as their size (1-1000 nm) is smaller than the pores of a filter paper.
• Centrifugation is an effective method for separating colloidal particles by spinning the mixture at high speed, causing the denser colloidal particles to sediment.
• Suspensions, in contrast, can be separated by both filtration and centrifugation due to their larger particle size.
• Solutions cannot be separated by either filtration or centrifugation, as the solute particles are dissolved at the molecular level.

Additional Information

• Colloid: A mixture where the dispersed particles do not settle or separate on standing. Examples include milk, fog, and jelly.
• Suspension: A heterogeneous mixture with larger particles (greater than 1000 nm) that settle over time. Examples include muddy water and sand in water.
• Solution: A homogeneous mixture where solute particles are completely dissolved and cannot be separated by any physical methods like filtration or centrifugation. Examples include saltwater and sugar dissolved in water.
• Centrifugation: A process of separating components of a mixture based on their densities by spinning it at high speed. It is commonly used in laboratories and industries.
• Filtration: A mechanical or physical process to separate solids from liquids or gases using a medium that allows only certain particles to pass through (e.g., filter paper).

The correct answer is Rongali.

Key Points

• Rongali Bihu, also known as Bohag Bihu, is the most celebrated festival in Assam, marking the Assamese New Year and the arrival of spring.
• It typically falls in the month of April and lasts for several days, involving vibrant cultural activities, traditional dance, and music.
• The festival is divided into three parts: Goru Bihu (dedicated to cattle), Manuh Bihu (for people), and Rongali Bihu (celebration and merriment).
• Rongali Bihu represents joy, unity, and the spirit of Assamese culture, with people wearing traditional attires and preparing festive delicacies like pitha and laru.
• It is also an agrarian festival, signifying the beginning of the sowing season and honoring nature's bounty.

Additional Information

• Bihu Festival: There are three types of Bihu celebrated in Assam: Rongali (Bohag), Kati (Kongali), and Magh (Bhogali), each having its own significance.
• Cultural Significance: Rongali Bihu involves traditional dance forms like Bihu dance and songs known as Bihu geet, which celebrate love, youth, and fertility.
• Agricultural Importance: The festival marks the beginning of the agricultural season, with farmers praying for a good harvest and prosperity.
• Traditional Attire: During the celebrations, Assamese people wear traditional clothes like Mekhela Chador for women and Dhoti and Gamosa for men.
• Global Recognition: Rongali Bihu is not just confined to Assam but is celebrated by Assamese communities across the world, showcasing their rich cultural heritage.

Shortcut Trick

For equal consecutive distances, the average speed is independent of the actual distance length.

Assume the distance of each part = LCM(10, 20, 30, 40) = 120 km.

Total distance = 4 parts × 120 km = 480 km.

Total time taken = (120÷10) + (120÷20) + (120÷30) + (120÷40) = 12 + 6 + 4 + 3 = 25 hours.

Average speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time = 480 ÷ 25 = 19.2 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 19.2 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance of each consecutive part = 2 km.

Speeds for each respective part = 10 km/hr, 20 km/hr, 30 km/hr, 40 km/hr.

2 km 2 km 2 km 2 km

10 km/hr 20 km/hr 30 km/hr 40 km/hr

Total Distance = 8 km

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculation:

⇒ Total Distance = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 km

⇒ Time for 1st part = 2 ÷ 10 = 1/5 hr

⇒ Time for 2nd part = 2 ÷ 20 = 1/10 hr

⇒ Time for 3rd part = 2 ÷ 30 = 1/15 hr

⇒ Time for 4th part = 2 ÷ 40 = 1/20 hr

⇒ Total Time = 1/5 + 1/10 + 1/15 + 1/20

⇒ LCM of denominators (5, 10, 15, 20) is 60.

⇒ Total Time = (12 + 6 + 4 + 3) ÷ 60 = 25/60 = 5/12 hr

⇒ Average Speed = 8 ÷ (5/12)

⇒ Average Speed = (8 × 12) ÷ 5 = 96 ÷ 5 = 19.2 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 19.2 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed General Formula

Average Speed is always calculated as Total Distance divided by Total Time. Never take the arithmetic mean of the individual speeds unless the time intervals spent traveling at each speed are equal.

Average Speed for Two Equal Distances

If an object covers two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by the harmonic mean: Average Speed = (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Average Speed for Three Equal Distances

If an object covers three equal consecutive distances at speeds x, y, and z, the average speed is calculated as: Average Speed = (3xyz) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Shortcut Trick Total work = LCM(6, 8, 12, 16) = 48 units. Efficiencies: Avi = 8, Avni = 6, Aarti = 4, Reeta = 3. Work per cycle (each works 1/4 day) = (8 + 6 + 4 + 3) × 1/4 = 21/4 = 5.25 units. Work done in 9 complete cycles = 9 × 5.25 = 47.25 units. Remaining work = 48 − 47.25 = 0.75 units. The next turn is Avi's (capacity = 2 units/turn). Since 0.75 units < 2 units, Avi completes it. ∴ The correct answer is Avi. Alternate Method Given: Time taken by Avi = 6 days Time taken by Avni = 8 days Time taken by Aarti = 12 days Time taken by Reeta = 16 days

Person Days Total Work Efficiency

Avi 6 48 8

Avni 8 6

Aarti 12 4

Reeta 16 3

Calculations: ⇒ Work done by Avi in 1/4 day = 8 × 1/4 = 2 units ⇒ Work done by Avni in 1/4 day = 6 × 1/4 = 1.5 units ⇒ Work done by Aarti in 1/4 day = 4 × 1/4 = 1 unit ⇒ Work done by Reeta in 1/4 day = 3 × 1/4 = 0.75 units ⇒ Total work completed in 1 cycle (1 full day) = 2 + 1.5 + 1 + 0.75 = 5.25 units ⇒ Number of complete cycles nearest to 48 units = 48 ÷ 5.25 ≈ 9.14 ⇒ 9 cycles ⇒ Work finished in 9 complete cycles = 9 × 5.25 = 47.25 units ⇒ Remaining work = 48 − 47.25 = 0.75 units ⇒ In the 10th cycle, Avi starts the sequence. ⇒ Avi can finish up to 2 units of work during his 1/4 day shift. ⇒ Since the remaining 0.75 units is less than 2 units, Avi completes the entire remaining work. ∴ The correct answer is Avi. Additional Information Time & Work (LCM Method) Total work is assumed as the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given individual times to simplify fraction calculations. Formula: Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken. Alternate Work Concept When individuals work in a sequence, always calculate the combined work for one full cycle. Find the maximum number of full cycles that fit into the total work before systematically evaluating the remaining work sequence by sequence to find the exact finisher.

Shortcut Trick

Difference in Principal = ₹9400 − ₹5400 = ₹4000

Difference in Simple Interest for 4 years = ₹720

Rate % = (Difference in Interest × 100) ÷ (Difference in Principal × Time)

Rate % = (720 × 100) ÷ (4000 × 4)

Rate % = 72000 ÷ 16000 = 4.5%

∴ The correct answer is 4.5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Akshay's investment (P₁) = ₹5400

Atul's investment (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 4 years

Difference in interest = ₹720

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Akshay: ₹5400

Atul: ₹9400

Diff: ₹4000

4 Yrs SI Diff ₹720

Rate = (720 × 100) ÷ (4000 × 4) = 4.5%

Calculations:

Let the rate of interest be R%.

⇒ Interest earned by Akshay = (5400 × R × 4) ÷ 100 = 216R

⇒ Interest earned by Atul = (9400 × R × 4) ÷ 100 = 376R

⇒ Difference in interest = 376R − 216R = 160R

⇒ 160R = 720

⇒ R = 720 ÷ 160 = 4.5%

∴ The correct answer is 4.5%.

Additional Information

Compound Interest (CI) Formula

The amount after T years at R% compound interest is A = P(1 + R/100)^T. CI is calculated on the accumulated interest of previous periods.

SI vs CI Difference

For 2 years, Difference = P(R/100)². For 3 years, Difference = P(R/100)²(3 + R/100).

Rule of 72

It is a quick formula to estimate the number of years required to double the invested money at a given annual fixed interest rate. Time ≈ 72 ÷ Rate.

Given:

Expression: [(90 ÷ 3) × {(63 ÷ 7) + (28 ÷ 3) × (8 - 5)}]

Calculation:

[(90 ÷ 3) × {(63 ÷ 7) + (28 ÷ 3) × (8 - 5)}]

⇒ [(30) × {(9) + (28 ÷ 3) × (3)}]

⇒ [(30) × {(9) + (28 ÷ 1)}]

⇒ [(30) × {(9) + (28)}]

⇒ [(30) × (37)]

⇒ 1110

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Shortcut Trick

Convert discounts into multiplying factors: 10% = 1/10, 15% = 3/20, 20% = 1/5

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (1 − 1/10) × (1 − 3/20) × (1 − 1/5)

SP = 60000 × 9/10 × 17/20 × 4/5

SP = 60000 × 612/1000 = ₹36,720

∴ The correct answer is ₹36,720.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹60,000

Successive discounts = 10%, 15% and 20%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (100 − D₁)/100 × (100 − D₂)/100 × (100 − D₃)/100

₹60,000 Marked Price

−10%

₹54,000

−15%

₹45,900

−20%

₹36,720 Selling Price

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 60000 × (100 − 10)/100 × (100 − 15)/100 × (100 − 20)/100

⇒ SP = 60000 × 90/100 × 85/100 × 80/100

⇒ SP = 60000 × 9/10 × 17/20 × 4/5

⇒ SP = 60000 × 612/1000

⇒ SP = 60 × 612

⇒ SP = ₹36,720

∴ The correct answer is ₹36,720.

Additional Information

Equivalent Single Discount

For two successive discounts of a% and b%, the equivalent single discount is given by: [a + b − (a × b)/100]%. For more than two discounts, apply this formula repeatedly.

Marked Price to Cost Price Ratio

When a discount of D% is given on the marked price to earn a profit of P%, the ratio is CP/MP = (100 − D)/(100 + P).

Fractional Conversion Method

Always convert complex percentage discounts into simple fractions to calculate the final price faster (e.g., a 15% discount means selling the article at 17/20 of its prior price).

Shortcut Trick

Using the property: First Number × Second Number = LCM × HCF

99 × Second Number = 198 × 9

Second Number = (198 × 9) ÷ 99

Second Number = 2 × 9 = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18.

Alternate Method

Given:

LCM of two numbers = 198

HCF of two numbers = 9

First Number = 99

Formula Used:

First Number × Second Number = LCM × HCF

Calculations:

⇒ 99 × Second Number = 198 × 9

⇒ Second Number = (198 × 9) ÷ 99

⇒ Second Number = 198 ÷ 99 × 9

⇒ Second Number = 2 × 9

⇒ Second Number = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18.

Additional Information

Relation between LCM and HCF

The product of the LCM and HCF of any two given natural numbers is strictly equal to the product of the given numbers. The formula is: LCM × HCF = N₁ × N₂.

HCF and LCM of Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are called co-prime if their HCF is exactly 1. Because of this, the LCM of two co-prime numbers will always be their direct product.

LCM and HCF of Fractions

LCM of fractions = LCM of Numerators ÷ HCF of Denominators.
HCF of fractions = HCF of Numerators ÷ LCM of Denominators.

Given:

4% of x = 36

Calculation:

4% of x = 36

⇒ $\frac{4}{100} \times x = 36$

⇒ $x = \frac{36 \times 100}{4}$

⇒ x = 900

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of quantities = 200 : 100 : 100 = 2 : 1 : 1.

Let the assumed average be 90%.

Net deviation = [2 × (85 − 90) + 1 × (90 − 90) + 1 × (95 − 90)] ÷ (2 + 1 + 1)

⇒ Average deviation = (−10 + 0 + 5) ÷ 4 = −1.25%

Actual Average = 90% − 1.25% = 88.75%.

∴ The correct answer is 88.75%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Quantity of Regular gasoline = 200 barrels (85% octane)

Quantity of Mid-grade gasoline = 100 barrels (90% octane)

Quantity of Premium gasoline = 100 barrels (95% octane)

Formula Used:

Weighted Average = (w₁x₁ + w₂x₂ + w₃x₃) ÷ (w₁ + w₂ + w₃)

85% 90% 95%

Regular (200 bbl) Mid (100 bbl) Prem (100 bbl)

Total Mixture = 400 barrels Average Octane = 88.75%

Calculations:

⇒ Total quantity = 200 + 100 + 100 = 400 barrels

⇒ Sum of octane = (200 × 85) + (100 × 90) + (100 × 95)

⇒ Sum of octane = 17000 + 9000 + 9500 = 35500

⇒ Average Octane = 35500 ÷ 400

⇒ Average = 355 ÷ 4 = 88.75%

∴ The correct answer is 88.75%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

Used when elements contribute differently to the final average based on their varying quantities. Formula: Σ(w_ix_i) ÷ Σw_i.

Deviation Method

Simplifies calculations by assuming an arbitrary base average, finding the net total deviation across all weights, and adjusting the assumed base.

Alligation Method

A cross-multiplication technique used primarily for mixing two different quantities to efficiently find the ratio of their weights based on the final mean value.

Shortcut Trick

The third proportional to any two numbers is found by dividing the square of the second number by the first number.

⇒ Third proportional = (30 × 30) ÷ 18

⇒ 900 ÷ 18 = 50

∴ The correct answer is 50.

Alternate Method

Given:

First number (a) = 18

Second number (b) = 30

Formula Used:

If three numbers a, b, and c are in continued proportion, their ratio maintains a constant multiplier:

⇒ a : b :: b : c ⇒ a ÷ b = b ÷ c

⇒ c = b² ÷ a

18 First (a)

:

30 Second (b)

::

x Third (c)

a : b = b : c ⇒ c = b² ÷ a

× (5/3) × (5/3)

Calculations:

Let the required third proportional be x.

⇒ 18 : 30 :: 30 : x

⇒ 18 ÷ 30 = 30 ÷ x

⇒ x = (30 × 30) ÷ 18

⇒ x = 900 ÷ 18

⇒ x = 50

∴ The correct answer is 50.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b). It acts as the middle term x such that a : x :: x : b.

Fourth Proportional

The fourth proportional to three numbers a, b, and c is the value x such that a : b :: c : x. It is given directly by x = (b × c) ÷ a.

Duplicate & Sub-duplicate Ratio

The duplicate ratio of a : b is a² : b². The sub-duplicate ratio of a : b is √a : √b.

Shortcut Trick

SI for 1 year = ₹40 ÷ 2 = ₹20.

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = ₹45 − ₹40 = ₹5.

This difference of ₹5 is the interest generated on the 1st year's SI.

Rate (R) = (Difference ÷ 1st year SI) × 100 = (5 ÷ 20) × 100 = 25%.

Principal (P) = (1st year SI × 100) ÷ R = (20 × 100) ÷ 25 = ₹80.

∴ The correct answer is ₹80.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time (T) = 2 years, Simple Interest (SI) = ₹40, Compound Interest (CI) = ₹45.

Formula Used:

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

For 2 years, CI − SI = P × (R ÷ 100)²

SI vs CI Tree Diagram for 2 Years

P = ?

₹20 1st Year SI

₹20 2nd Year SI

₹5 Interest on ₹20

25%

Total SI = ₹40

Total CI = ₹45

Calculations:

⇒ SI for 2 years = (P × R × 2) ÷ 100 = 40

⇒ (P × R) ÷ 100 = 20   ... (Equation 1)

⇒ Difference in interests for 2 years (CI − SI) = 45 − 40 = 5

⇒ P × (R ÷ 100)² = 5

⇒ [ (P × R) ÷ 100 ] × (R ÷ 100) = 5

⇒ Substituting Equation 1 into the above relationship:

⇒ 20 × (R ÷ 100) = 5

⇒ R = (5 × 100) ÷ 20 = 25%

⇒ Now, substituting R = 25% back into Equation 1:

⇒ (P × 25) ÷ 100 = 20

⇒ P × (1 ÷ 4) = 20

⇒ P = 20 × 4 = ₹80

∴ The correct answer is ₹80.

Additional Information

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years

For a principal P and rate R% for 2 years, Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Difference between CI and SI for 3 years

For a principal P and rate R% for 3 years, Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)² × [(R ÷ 100) + 3].

Half-Yearly Compounding

When interest is compounded half-yearly, the effective rate becomes (R ÷ 2) and the number of periods becomes (2T).

Rule of 72

A quick mental math trick to estimate the time required to double an investment at a given compound interest rate: Time ≈ 72 ÷ Rate.

Shortcut Trick

The area of a rhombus is half the product of its diagonals.

Area = ½ × d₁ × d₂

Area = ½ × 15 × 24

Area = 15 × 12 = 180 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 180 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the first diagonal (d₁) = 15 cm

Length of the second diagonal (d₂) = 24 cm

A B C D d2 = 24 cm d1 = 15 cm

Formula Used:

Area of a Rhombus = ½ × (Product of diagonals)

Area = ½ × d₁ × d₂

Calculations:

⇒ Area = ½ × 15 × 24

⇒ Area = 15 × 12

⇒ Area = 180 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 180 cm².

Additional Information

Properties of Rhombus

All four sides of a rhombus are equal in length, and opposite sides are parallel to each other.

Diagonals Relationship

The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles (90°).

Side and Diagonal Formula

The relationship between the side (a) and diagonals (d₁, d₂) is given by: 4a² = d₁² + d₂².

Perimeter of Rhombus

The perimeter of a rhombus is the total length of its boundaries, calculated as: P = 4 × a.

Shortcut Trick

Speed ratio (New : Normal) = 1 : 8

Since distance is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed.

Time ratio (New : Normal) = 8 : 1

Difference in time ratio = 8 − 1 = 7 units.

Here, 7 units = 21 minutes ⇒ 1 unit = 3 minutes.

Normal time = 1 unit = 3 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 3 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

New speed = 1/8 of normal speed

Time delayed = 21 minutes

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

City A City B

Normal Speed = S, Time = T

New Speed = S/8, Time = T + 21 Distance = D

Calculations:

Let the normal speed be S and the normal time taken be T minutes.

⇒ Distance D = S × T

⇒ New speed = S ÷ 8

⇒ New time = T + 21

⇒ Since the distance travelled remains the same:

⇒ S × T = (S ÷ 8) × (T + 21)

⇒ 8 × T = T + 21

⇒ 8T − T = 21

⇒ 7T = 21

⇒ T = 3 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 3 minutes.

Additional Information

Inverse Relation of Speed and Time

When the distance is constant, speed is inversely proportional to time (Speed ∝ 1 / Time). If speed changes by a multiplying factor, time changes by the reciprocal of that factor.

Average Speed

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time. When a person travels equal distances at speed x and speed y, Average Speed = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, Relative Speed = |S₁ − S₂|. When they move in opposite directions, Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂.

Shortcut Trick

Time for Mandar = 23 − 13 = 10 years, Time for Ketan = 23 − 14 = 9 years.

Difference in time = 10 − 9 = 1 year.

Since final amounts are equal, the ratio of their shares (Ketan : Mandar) = (100 + R)/100 = 105/100 = 21 : 20.

Ketan's share = [21 / (21 + 20)] × 24600 = (21 / 41) × 24600 = 21 × 600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹12600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total money given by Rupesh = ₹24600

Rate of interest (R) = 5% compounded annually

Age of Mandar = 13 years, Age of Ketan = 14 years

Target age for receiving money = 23 years

Mandar (₹M) 13 → 23 yrs (10 years) Amt: A

Ketan (₹K) 14 → 23 yrs (9 years) Amt: A

Total Amount = M + K = ₹24600 M × (1.05)¹⁰ = K × (1.05)⁹

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial amount given to Mandar be M and to Ketan be K.

⇒ Total money = M + K = 24600

⇒ Time duration for Mandar = 23 − 13 = 10 years

⇒ Time duration for Ketan = 23 − 14 = 9 years

⇒ As per the question, the amount received by both at age 23 is equal.

⇒ M × (1 + 5/100)¹⁰ = K × (1 + 5/100)⁹

⇒ M × (105/100)¹⁰ = K × (105/100)⁹

⇒ K / M = 105 / 100 = 21 / 20

⇒ Ratio of Ketan's share to Mandar's share = 21 : 20

⇒ Total ratio parts = 21 + 20 = 41 parts

⇒ 41 parts = 24600

⇒ 1 part = 24600 ÷ 41 = 600

⇒ Ketan's share = 21 parts = 21 × 600 = 12600

∴ The correct answer is ₹12600.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

Amount A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ, where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest, and n is the time period in years.

Division of Wealth Based on CI

When a sum is divided such that two parts amount to the same value after t₁ and t₂ years, their initial amounts are inversely proportional to (1 + R/100)^time. The part invested for fewer years will require a larger initial principal to reach the same final amount.

Effective Multiplying Factor

For compound interest, the principal grows by a constant multiplying factor every year, which equates to (100 + R)/100. For a 5% rate, this factor is exactly 1.05 or 21/20.

Shortcut Trick

Fractional equivalent of 20% profit = +1/5

This means if Cost Price (CP) is 5 parts, Profit is 1 part, and Selling Price (SP) is 6 parts.

Given SP (6 parts) = ₹222

Value of 1 part = 222 ÷ 6 = ₹37

Cost Price (5 parts) = 5 × 37 = ₹185

∴ The correct answer is ₹185.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price (SP) = ₹222

Profit = 20%

Cost Price CP = ?

Selling Price SP = ₹222

+20% Profit

CP = (SP × 100) ÷ (100 + P%)

Formula Used:

CP = [SP × 100] ÷ (100 + Profit%)

Calculation:

⇒ CP = (222 × 100) ÷ (100 + 20)

⇒ CP = 22200 ÷ 120

⇒ CP = 2220 ÷ 12

⇒ CP = 185

∴ The correct answer is ₹185.

Additional Information

Loss Scenario

When an article is sold at a loss, the Cost Price is calculated as: CP = (SP × 100) ÷ (100 − Loss%).

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). SP = MP − Discount.

Successive Percentage Change

Net effect of two successive changes A% and B% is given by: A + B + (A × B) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

Product of two numbers = Product of their HCF and LCM.

Let the numbers be 1x and 3x.

1x × 3x = 1200

3x² = 1200 ⇒ x² = 400 ⇒ x = 20

The numbers are 20 and (3 × 20) = 60.

∴ The correct answer is 20, 60.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of the two numbers = 1 : 3

Product of their HCF and LCM = 1200

Formula Used:

Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

1x First Number

×

3x Second Number

Product = HCF × LCM = 1200 3x² = 1200 ⇒ x = 20

Calculations:

Let the two numbers be x and 3x.

⇒ Product of the numbers = x × 3x = 3x²

According to the formula:

⇒ 3x² = 1200

⇒ x² = 1200 ÷ 3 = 400

⇒ x = √400 = 20

So, the first number = x = 20

⇒ The second number = 3x = 3 × 20 = 60

∴ The correct answer is 20, 60.

Additional Information

HCF and LCM Relation

The product of any two numbers is always equal to the product of their Highest Common Factor (HCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM). Formula: a × b = HCF × LCM.

Ratio of Numbers

If two numbers are given in a ratio a : b, their HCF is the common multiplier x, making the numbers ax and bx. Their LCM will be a × b × x (assuming a and b are co-prime).

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are co-prime if their HCF is 1. In such cases, their LCM is simply the product of the two numbers.

Shortcut Trick

Cross-multiply to isolate A² directly:

A² = 192 × 48

Break 192 into 4 × 48 to easily pair the values:

A = √(4 × 48 × 48) = 2 × 48 = 96

∴ The correct answer is 96.

Alternate Method

Given:

A / 192 = 48 / A

Calculation:

By cross-multiplying the terms on both sides:

⇒ A × A = 192 × 48

⇒ A² = (48 × 4) × 48

⇒ A² = 48² × 4

Taking the square root on both sides:

⇒ A = √(48² × 2²)

⇒ A = 48 × 2

⇒ A = 96

∴ The correct answer is 96.

Additional Information

Cross-Multiplication

When solving linear equations with equivalent fractions on both sides, cross-multiplying (multiplying the numerator of one side by the denominator of the other) directly yields an integer equation: a/b = c/d ⇒ a × d = b × c.

Simplifying Square Roots

Instead of multiplying large numbers to evaluate a perfect square, breaking the values down into prime factors and creating equivalent pairs helps calculate the root considerably faster. Using the property √(x² × y²) = x × y.

Shortcut Trick

Let the claimed weight be 100 units.

Since the goods are sold at cost price, Selling Price (SP) = 100 units.

Actual weight given to the customer = 100 − 32 = 68 units.

Cost Price (CP) for the shopkeeper = 68 units.

Profit % = [(SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100 = (32 ÷ 68) × 100 = 800 ÷ 17 = 47 ¹/₁₇ %.

∴ The correct answer is 47 ¹/₁₇ %.

Alternate Method

Given:

The shopkeeper promises to sell his goods at cost price.

He uses a weight that is 32% less than the marked weight.

Formula Used:

Profit % = (Claimed Weight − Actual Weight) ÷ Actual Weight × 100

Claimed Weight = 100 units (SP)

Actual Weight = 68 units (CP)

Profit = 32

Profit % = (32 ÷ 68) × 100 ≈ 47.05%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the true marked weight be 1000 g.

⇒ False actual weight = 1000 − (32% of 1000) = 1000 − 320 = 680 g.

⇒ Since he sells at CP, he charges for 1000 g but gives only 680 g.

⇒ Cost Price (CP) for the shopkeeper = Cost of 680 g.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) for the shopkeeper = Cost of 1000 g.

⇒ Profit made = 1000 − 680 = 320 g equivalent.

⇒ Profit % = (320 ÷ 680) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (8 ÷ 17) × 100

⇒ Profit % = 800 ÷ 17 = 47 ¹/₁₇ %

∴ The correct answer is 47 ¹/₁₇ %.

Additional Information

Dishonest Dealer (Selling at CP)

When a shopkeeper sells goods at cost price but uses a false weight, his Profit % is calculated directly as (Error ÷ True Weight Given) × 100.

Dishonest Dealer (Selling at Profit/Loss)

If the dealer marks up the price and also cheats on weight, the overall ratio is SP ÷ CP = (Claimed Weight ÷ Actual Weight) × (Price Charged ÷ Actual Price).

Successive Changes

To calculate the net effect of two successive percentage changes A% and B%, use the net change formula: A + B + (A × B) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

Teacher's age = New Average + (Number of old members × Increase in average)

⇒ Teacher's age = 11 + (48 × 1)

⇒ Teacher's age = 11 + 48 = 59

∴ The correct answer is 59 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of students = 48

Average age of students = 10 years

New average age after including the teacher = 11 years

Formula Used:

Total Age = Average Age × Number of Persons

48 Students (Avg 10) Total = 48 × 10 = 480

• 1 Teacher Age = ?

49 Persons (New Avg 11) Total = 49 × 11 = 539

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 48 students = 48 × 10 = 480 years

⇒ Total members after including the teacher = 48 + 1 = 49

⇒ Total age of 49 members = 49 × 11 = 539 years

⇒ Age of the teacher = Total age of 49 members − Total age of 48 students

⇒ Age of the teacher = 539 − 480 = 59

∴ The correct answer is 59 years.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

When two groups with averages A₁ and A₂ and sizes N₁ and N₂ are combined, the new combined average is calculated as (N₁ × A₁ + N₂ × A₂) ÷ (N₁ + N₂).

Replacement in Averages

If a person is replaced and the average increases by a value 'd', the new person's value is equal to: Old person's value + (Total number of persons × d).

Exclusion from Averages

If a person leaves the group and the average decreases by a value 'd', the leaving person's value is equal to: Old Average + (Remaining persons × d).

Shortcut Trick

To find the smallest number divisible by 12, 28, 36, and 27, calculate their LCM.

Since 36 is a multiple of 12, we can omit 12 and directly find the LCM of 28, 36, and 27.

LCM of 36 (4 × 9) and 27 (3 × 9) is 108.

Now, LCM of 108 and 28 (which is 4 × 7) is 108 × 7 = 756.

∴ The correct answer is 756.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 12, 28, 36, and 27.

Method Used:

The smallest natural number completely divisible by a given set of numbers is their Lowest Common Multiple (LCM).

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ Prime factorization of 28 = 2² × 7

⇒ Prime factorization of 36 = 2² × 3²

⇒ Prime factorization of 27 = 3³

⇒ The prime factors present in all given numbers are 2, 3, and 7.

⇒ The highest power of 2 is 2² = 4

⇒ The highest power of 3 is 3³ = 27

⇒ The highest power of 7 is 7¹ = 7

⇒ LCM = Product of the highest powers of all prime factors

⇒ LCM = 4 × 27 × 7

⇒ LCM = 108 × 7

⇒ LCM = 756

∴ The correct answer is 756.

Additional Information

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of all the given numbers. It is found by multiplying the highest powers of all prime factors.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The greatest number that divides all the given numbers completely. It is found by multiplying the lowest powers of common prime factors.

Product Rule of LCM and HCF

For any two positive integers a and b: a × b = LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b). This rule strictly applies to pairs of numbers only.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are called co-prime if their HCF is 1. The LCM of two co-prime numbers is simply their direct product.

Shortcut Trick

Total population = 385,000, Males = 168,000 ⇒ Females = 217,000

Ratio of Male to Female = 168,000 : 217,000 = 24 : 31

Using the Alligation method on literacy rates:

(Female % − 52%) ÷ (52% − 21%) = Male Ratio ÷ Female Ratio = 24 ÷ 31

⇒ (Female % − 52%) ÷ 31% = 24 ÷ 31 ⇒ Female % − 52% = 24% ⇒ Female % = 76%

∴ The correct answer is 76%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total population = 385,000

Total males = 168,000

Overall literate population = 52%

Male literate population = 21%

Total Pop = 385,000 Total Literate = 200,200

Male = 168,000 Literate = 35,280

Female = 217,000 Literate = 164,920

Female % = (164,920 ÷ 217,000) × 100 = 76%

Calculations:

⇒ Total females = Total population − Total males

⇒ Total females = 385,000 − 168,000 = 217,000

⇒ Total literate population = 52% of 385,000 = (52 ÷ 100) × 385,000 = 200,200

⇒ Total literate males = 21% of 168,000 = (21 ÷ 100) × 168,000 = 35,280

⇒ Total literate females = Total literate population − Total literate males

⇒ Total literate females = 200,200 − 35,280 = 164,920

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (Total literate females ÷ Total females) × 100

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (164,920 ÷ 217,000) × 100

⇒ Percentage of literate females = 164,920 ÷ 2,170 = 16,492 ÷ 217 = 76%

∴ The correct answer is 76%.

Additional Information

Alligation Method

It is a quick trick used to find the ratio in which two quantities are mixed or to find an unknown percentage. Here, it helps bypass large percentage calculations by operating purely on the sub-group ratios.

Weighted Average

The overall percentage of a combined group is the weighted average of the individual percentages: (n₁x₁ + n₂x₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂). By simplifying n₁ and n₂ to their lowest ratio form, calculation steps are vastly minimized.

Simplifying Ratios

When working with percentages, large absolute values (like 168,000 and 217,000) can be simplified to their simplest ratio (24:31). This makes calculations considerably faster without altering the final percentage outcome.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "deals" refers to business transactions or agreements, especially those involving the buying and selling of goods or services. (सौदे)
• Example: The company finalized deals with multiple suppliers to ensure the steady delivery of raw materials.
• The word "transactions" is used to describe the process of conducting business or financial exchanges. Here, "deals" acts as a synonym for "transactions." (लेन-देन)
• Example: All transactions are processed securely through our encrypted payment gateway.
• Thus, the use of the word "deals" appropriately substitutes the underlined segment in the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Interplay (अंतरक्रिया): The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
• Example: The interplay of light and shadow created a beautiful effect in the photograph.
• Interpretation (व्याख्या): The action of explaining the meaning of something.
• Example: Her interpretation of the poem offered a fresh perspective on its themes.
• Intralingual (अंत:भाषीय): Something that occurs within the same language, such as paraphrasing or rewording.
• Example: Intralingual translation is often used in teaching language nuances to beginners.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'immedietely'.

• The correct spelling would be 'immediately'.
• The word 'immediately' is an adverb which means 'at once; instantly'. (तुरंत)
• For Example -
• She immediately responded to the email.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'immedietely'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Receiving - the action of being given or presented with something (प्राप्त करना)
• Parcel - a package or envelope containing goods or items (पार्सल)
• Opened - having been unfastened or unlocked (खोला हुआ)

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "listless" means lacking energy or enthusiasm; feeling tired, sluggish, or indifferent. (ऊर्जाहीन, उदासीन)
• Example: After staying awake all night, she felt too listless to focus on her work.
• The correct word here is "exhausted", which means completely drained of energy or strength. (थका हुआ, ऊर्जा विहीन)
• Example: After working for hours without a break, he felt completely exhausted and needed some rest.
• Hence, the sentence "After listening to a long speech, Tanuja felt exhausted and devoid of energy" correctly conveys the meaning of the word "listless".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: "As soon as Ravi reported for duty, he was asked to present himself for roster call." (ड्यूटी पर आते ही रवि से रोस्टर कॉल के लिए उपस्थित होने को कहा गया।)
• Hindi meaning: रोस्टर कॉल का मतलब ड्यूटी के लिए उपस्थिति दर्ज कराना होता है।
• Example: Ravi was punctual for the roster call every morning.
• Option 2: "To apply for a passport, a list of documents is to be submitted." (पासपोर्ट के लिए आवेदन करने के लिए दस्तावेजों की सूची जमा करनी होती है।)
• Hindi meaning: सूची का मतलब क्रमबद्ध दस्तावेज़ों का संग्रह होता है।
• Example: The official asked for a complete list of required documents for the passport application.
• Option 3: "Rudresh is good at creating a linearly ordered data structure on his computer." (रुद्रेश कंप्यूटर पर रेखीय क्रमबद्ध डेटा संरचना बनाने में अच्छा है।)
• Hindi meaning: डेटा संरचना से तात्पर्य कंप्यूटर में डेटा को व्यवस्थित करने की प्रक्रिया है।
• Example: Rudresh developed a new algorithm to sort the data structure efficiently.

The correct answer is: Option 4 (shallow).

Key Points

• The word "superficial" means something that is not deep or profound; it is concerned only with the surface or outward appearance and lacks depth or substance. (सतही)
• Example: The conversation between the two strangers was superficial and did not delve into serious topics.
• "Shallow" refers to something that is not deep, either literally or metaphorically. It can describe a lack of depth in emotions, thoughts, or understanding. (उथला)
• Example: The water in the pond was shallow, making it easy to walk through.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'superficial' is 'shallow'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4 (shallow).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Kind (दयालु): Having or showing a caring and considerate nature.
• Example: She is a kind teacher who always helps her students.
• Profound (गहरा): Having deep meaning or significance.
• Example: The professor gave a profound explanation of the concept of time.
• Substantial (ठोस): Of considerable importance, size, or worth.
• Example: The company offered a substantial reward to the employee of the month.

Question: Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word. Though she is my best friend, Sarah’s compliments felt superficial, lacking genuine warmth or understanding of my efforts.

The correct answer is: Option 4 (shallow).

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The original sentence uses the phrase "had been solved the murder mystery," which is grammatically incorrect.
• The use of "had been" is not appropriate here because the verb "solved" is already in the past tense.
• Instead, we should simply use "solved the murder mystery" to convey the intended meaning correctly.
• Thus, the correct replacement for the bracketed segment is Option 2: "solved the murder mystery."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "The detective solved the murder mystery within a week."

 

Additional Information

• No substitution required: This option is incorrect as the original sentence contains a grammatical error.
• Have been solved the murder mystery: This option is incorrect because "have been" is not suitable for this context, which refers to a completed action in the past.
• Solve the murder mystery: This option is incorrect because "solve" is in the present tense, which does not match the past time frame of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'priceless'.

 

Key Points

• The word "priceless" means something that is so valuable that it cannot be assigned a monetary value. (अमूल्य)
• The family heirloom being both rare and priceless emphasizes its immense sentimental or historical value.
• The other options: "artist," "profit," and "productivity" do not fit the context appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: The family heirloom was not only rare but was also priceless.

Additional Information

• Artist (कलाकार): refers to someone who creates art.
• Profit (लाभ): refers to a financial gain.
• Productivity (उत्पादकता): refers to the effectiveness of production.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The error lies in the use of the phrase "when I have walked" in Option 2.
• The present perfect tense "have walked" is incorrect in this context because the sentence's primary tense is past continuous ("He was playing").
• The correct phrase should be "when I walked" to maintain consistency in the past tense.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "He was playing cricket when I walked past the stadium early in the morning."

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Key Points

• The word "persuasive" means convincing or able to influence others effectively.
• The phrase "well-structured" refers to speech or writing that is organized logically and flows smoothly.
• The term "lasting" indicates something that leaves a deep and enduring impression.
• Option 1 correctly fits the blanks in the sentence, making it the most appropriate choice.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: His persuasive speech was clear, well-structured, and passionate, leaving a lasting impression on the audience during the conference.

Additional Information

• Well-structured: Refers to logical and organized content.
• Persuasive: Refers to content that is influential and convincing.
• Lasting: Refers to something that creates a deep, enduring impact.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Key Points

• The serene beach description requires adjectives that best capture the essence of tranquility and beauty.
• Option 4 fills the blanks with the most appropriate choices:
• Clear waters: Suggests purity and calmness of the water.
• Soft sand: Indicates a relaxing and comfortable texture.
• Stunning sunsets: Highlights the visual beauty of the natural setting.
• The other options do not align as well with the serene and harmonious imagery of the beach.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: The serene beach offered clear waters, soft sand, and stunning sunsets, creating a perfect spot for relaxation and reflection after a long day.

Additional Information

• Clear (स्पष्ट): Refers to transparency or clarity, often used to describe pristine water.
• Soft (मुलायम): Indicates a pleasing texture, particularly for sand or surfaces.
• Stunning (शानदार): Describes something exceptionally beautiful or impressive, like a sunset.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'recalcitrent'.

• The correct spelling would be 'recalcitrant'.
• The word 'recalcitrant' is an adjective which means 'having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline'. (हठी या अनुशासनहीन)
• For Example -
• The recalcitrant child refused to follow the teacher’s instructions.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'recalcitrent'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Compromise - an agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions (समझौता)
• Arrogance - the quality of being conceited or having an exaggerated sense of one's own importance (अहंकार)
• Erudition - the quality of having or showing great knowledge or learning (पांडित्य)

The correct answer is: Happiness.

Key Points

• The word "glee" means great delight or joy, often accompanied by excitement or cheerfulness. (प्रसन्नता)
• Example: The children’s glee was evident as they opened their Christmas presents.
• "Happiness" refers to a state of feeling content, joyful, or cheerful, often as a result of positive experiences or circumstances. (खुश��)
• Example: Her happiness knew no bounds when she received the job offer she had been waiting for.
• Hence, we can conclude that the synonym of "glee" is "happiness."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Happiness.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Unhappiness (असंतोष): A state of sadness or discontent.
• Example: His unhappiness was evident when he failed to achieve his goals.
• Sorrow (दुख): A feeling of deep distress or grief caused by loss or misfortune.
• Example: She felt great sorrow after the passing of her beloved pet.
• Wickedness (दुष्टता): The quality of being morally wrong or evil.
• Example: The villain’s wickedness was evident in his cruel actions.

The correct answer is: Mature.

Key Points

• The word "Young" refers to someone or something in the early stages of life, growth, or development; typically youthful or inexperienced. (युवा, किशोर)
• Example: The young boy was excited to start his first day at school.
• "Mature" refers to someone or something that has fully developed physically, emotionally, or mentally; opposite of young. (परिपक्व)
• Example: She is very mature for her age and always makes thoughtful decisions.
• Hence, we can infer that the antonym of 'Young' is 'Mature'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Mature.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Boyish (लड़कों जैसा): Having characteristics or qualities traditionally associated with boys.
• Example: His boyish charm makes him very likable.
• Moist (नम): Slightly wet or damp.
• Example: The soil was moist after the rain.
• Stiff (कठोर): Rigid, firm, or difficult to bend.
• Example: The cardboard was too stiff to fold easily.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Everywhere.

Key Points

• The idiom "Far and wide" means across a large area or everywhere. (हर जगह)
• Example: News of the discovery spread far and wide, reaching even the smallest villages.
• "Everywhere" means in all places or locations; it is synonymous with "Far and wide." (हर जगह)
• Example: She searched everywhere for her lost keys but couldn't find them.
• Hence, the correct meaning of the idiom 'Far and wide' is 'Everywhere'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• By itself (स्वयं): Without help or assistance; independently.
• Example: The machine works perfectly by itself without any manual intervention.
• To give away a secret (राज़ को उजागर करना): To reveal or disclose confidential information.
• Example: He accidentally gave away the secret about the surprise party.
• Now and then (कभी-कभी): Occasionally; not very often.
• Example: She visits her grandparents now and then when she has time.

The correct answer is 'forgive a debt'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "forgive a debt" is a common collocation, meaning to cancel or waive the repayment of a debt.
• The bank forgiving a debt implies that the borrower is no longer obligated to repay the amount.
• Other options like "follow a debt," "fragment a debt," and "format a debt" do not make sense in this context.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: It is impossible that the bank will forgive a debt.

Additional Information

• Follow a debt: This is not a standard collocation in English.
• Fragment a debt: This phrase is incorrect and not used in financial contexts.
• Format a debt: This is not a valid expression in the context of banking or finances.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect use of the word "quiet" in part A.
• The word "quiet" should be replaced with "quietly," as the sentence requires an adverb to describe the manner in which the cat stalked its prey.
• Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and provide more information about how an action is performed.
• Thus, the error is located in part A of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

 

Correct Sentence: "The cat quietly stalked its prey, moving stealthily through the tall grass, demonstrating its hunting skills with great precision and grace."

The correct answer is 'and'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence "Recycling at home is a simple (1) _____ impactful way..." requires a conjunction that connects two adjectives — "simple" and "impactful."
• The conjunction "and" is the most suitable choice to join two similar positive adjectives.
• Other options such as "but", "yet", and "also" introduce contrast or redundancy, which do not fit the context here.
• Thus, the correct conjunction is "and" as it maintains grammatical and logical flow.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• but – expresses contrast, which does not apply here.
• yet – similar to "but", used to show opposition, not suitable for this context.
• also – functions as an adverb, not a conjunction between two adjectives.

The correct answer is 'like'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence is: “Separating recyclables (2) _____ paper, plastic and glass from regular waste reduces landfill waste.”
• The correct preposition to show examples or categories is ‘like’.
• ‘Like’ is used to give examples — for instance, “items like bottles and cans.”
• Therefore, the correct phrase is “recyclables like paper, plastic and glass.”

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Additional Information

• Such: Used for emphasis or to indicate a degree, not suitable before examples.
• Similar to: Used for comparison, not listing examples.
• Dislike: A verb meaning 'not to like', grammatically incorrect in this context.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The blank begins a participial phrase that shows the means or method by which something happens.
• "By" is used to indicate the method or means (e.g., By studying, she improved).
• The phrase "By adopting this habit" correctly shows how individuals come to participate in sustainable practices.
• Other options (Again, Also, And) do not express the method/means and therefore are ungrammatical here.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1 — Again: (Incorrect) Means "once more" — not suitable to introduce a means.
• Option 2 — Also: (Incorrect) Adds information but does not indicate method.
• Option 3 — And: (Incorrect) Joins clauses/words; does not express method.

The correct answer is 'actively'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes individual involvement in sustainable practices through recycling.
• The verb phrase “participate in sustainable practices” requires an adverb that describes the manner of participation.
• ‘Actively’ fits best because it means taking part with energy and commitment, aligning with the idea of responsible and engaged participation.
• Other options like ‘strong’, ‘vociferously’, and ‘vehemently’ do not suit the tone or grammatical structure of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• Strong: An adjective, not suitable here since the blank requires an adverb.
• Vociferously: Means loudly or forcefully — does not fit the calm, positive tone of the passage.
• Vehemently: Implies intense emotion or anger — contextually inappropriate.

The correct answer is 'responsible'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the importance of recycling and sustainable behavior at home.
• The blank refers to teaching future generations about a way of living that involves care and accountability toward the environment.
• 'Responsible' fits the context as it describes living with awareness and accountability for one’s impact on nature.
• Other options like 'wisely' or 'independent' do not convey the ethical and environmental sense required here.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• Wisely – means showing good judgment, but doesn’t emphasize moral responsibility.
• Obligated – means being forced to do something; doesn’t fit naturally with “living.”
• Independent – means self-reliant; unrelated to environmental awareness.

इस वाक्य में कहाँ अशुद्धि है- आपका

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - मैं आपका दर्शन करने आया हूँ।
• दिए गये वाक्य में वचन प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'आपका' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'आपके' होना चाहिए।
• "दर्शन" शब्द बहुवचन में प्रयोग होता है, इसलिए इसके साथ "आपके" का प्रयोग होगा, न कि "आपका"।
• "आपका" एकवचन के लिए प्रयोग होता है, जबकि "आपके" बहुवचन के लिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - मैं आपके दर्शन करने आया हूँ।

Additional Information 

 वचन संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ - 

'नदी' का पर्याय है- तटिनी

Key Points

• 'नदी' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'तटिनी' होगा।
• 'नदी' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - सरिता, तरंगिणी, निर्झरिणी, आपगा, कूलंकषा।
• पर्यायवाची - ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द -

सही उत्तर है - वह जगह होती है , जहाँ गाँव के लोग सार्वजनिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा हेतु एकत्र होते हैं।

Key Points

• 'वह जगह होती है, जहाँ गाँव के लोग सार्वजनिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा हेतु एकत्र होते हैं।' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा - चौपाल
• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

'पानी-वानी' युग्म रूप के अंतर्गत आएँगे - सार्थक-निरर्थक

Key Points

• इसमें 'पानी' एक सार्थक शब्द है, जिसका अर्थ है- जल।
• यह शब्द हिंदी और अन्य भारतीय भाषाओं में बहुत सामान्य रूप से उपयोग किया जाता है।
• वहीं, 'वानी' एक निरर्थक शब्द है और इसका कोई स्पष्ट अर्थ नहीं होता।
• यह केवल तुकबंदी की वजह से 'पानी' के साथ जोड़ा गया है।

Important Pointsसार्थक-

• वे शब्द जिनका कुछ या कोई अर्थ निकलता हो 'सार्थक शब्द' कहते हैं।
• जैसे- मोहन, घर, रात, आना, नीचे, ऊपर आदि।

निरर्थक-

• जिन शब्दों का कोई अर्थ नहीं होता है, उसे निरर्थक शब्द कहते हैं। ​
• जैसे - चाय-वाय, अच्छा-वच्छा, बुढ़ा-वुड्डा, लड़की-सड़की, बछड़ी-वछड़ी इत्यादि।

Additional Informationविलोम शब्द-

• जिन शब्दों का अर्थ किसी दूसरे शब्द के विपरीत होता है, उन्हें विलोम शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - सक्रिय - निष्क्रिय, आरंभ - अंत, न्याय - अन्याय, उदार - कंजूस, प्राचीन - नवीन आदि।

पर्यायवाची शब्द-

• ​जिन शब्दों के अर्थ में समानता हो, उन्हें ‘पर्यायवाची शब्द’ कहते है।
• जैसे - ​
• खग - पक्षी, द्विज, विहग, नभचर, अण्डज, पखेरू।
• अंग - अंश, अवयव, हिस्सा, भाग।
• जंगल - वन, कानन, बीहड़, विटप, विपिन।

सही उत्तर है - सर्ग

Key Points

• वाक्य - इस जीवन में अनेक अध्याय हैं जो सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि को प्रभावित करते हैं ।
• 'सर्ग' के अनेकार्थी शब्द - ​अध्याय, सृष्टि, संतान, प्रकृति, प्रकरण, विभाग, और रचना का अंश।
• अनेकार्थी शब्द - ऐसे शब्द, जिनके अनेक अर्थ होते है, अनेकार्थी शब्द कहलाते है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

कुछ प्रमुख अनेकार्थी शब्द:-