SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 13 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The completion of the series is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given interchange rules:

• ‘×’ and ‘−’ are interchanged.
• ‘+’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged.

The given equation is:

88 ÷ 7 × 4 − 21 + 3 = ?

Replace the operators with their corresponding new meanings:

88 + 7 − 4 × 21 ÷  3 = ?

⇒ 88 + 7 − 4 × 21 ÷  3 = ?

​⇒ 88 + 7 − 28

​⇒​ 95 - 28 = 67

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given Expression: T @ V * I @ O

T @ V: T is the brother of V.

V * I: V is the father of I.

I @ O: I is the brother of O.

According to the given information Family Tree Representation:

Relationship between T and O: O's brother is I. I's father is V. V's brother is T. Therefore, T is Father's brother of O.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): LZN

                                               

Option (2): UIW

                                               

Option (3): HUJ

                                               

Option (4): KYM

 

                                             

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)"

Given: GDIF_HMJO_QNSP RWT_

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed in this pattern involves a varying alphabetical shift for each letter position:

• First letter: -3
• Second letter: -2
• Third letter: -2
• Fourth letter: -1

Let's verify this logic with the given examples:

For 'ZBUP' related to 'WZSO':

For 'VSEX' related to 'SQCW':

The consistent pattern observed is: -3, -2, -2, -1 for each letter position.

Applying the same logic to 'GMTC':

Thus, 'GMTC' will be coded as DKRB.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: Eight people are sitting in two parallel rows containing 4 people each, in such a way that there is equal distance between adjacent persons.

In row 1 – M, A, R and K are seated and all of them are facing south

In row 2 – P, O, S and T are seated and all of them are facing north.

Thus each person faces another person from the other row.

T faces the one sitting to the immediate right of M. Only one person sits between T and P.

Only two people sit between O and P. P faces the one sitting second to the left of K.

R sits at some place to the right of A.

Thus, A and O both people sitting at the extreme ends of the rows.

Hence the correct answer is "Option 1".

Statements:

Some wood are chairs.

All chairs are tables.

No table is a bed.

The least possible venn diagram of the given statement is given:

Conclusions:

(I): Some wood are table - True(because, some chair are wood and all chair are table, it implies that some wood are table as well).

(II): All chairs are beds - False(because, all chair are table and no table is bed, it implies that no chair is bed).

Thus, Only conclusion (I) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The hidden image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given: G, H, I, J, M, N and O are sitting around a circular table facing the centre of the table (but not necessarily in the same order).

N sits third to the left of I. Only one person sits between I and M when counted from the left of M.

Only two people sit between J and O when counted from the right of O.

H is an immediate neighbour of J. 

Thus, N sits third to the right of G.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed in this pattern involves a consistent alphabetical shift for each letter position:

• Each letter shifts -3 positions backward in the English alphabetical order. (Wrapping around from A to Z as needed).

Let's verify this logic with the given examples:

For 'KIFG' related to 'HFCD':

For 'AYVW' related to 'XVST':

The consistent pattern observed is: -3, -3, -3, -3 for each letter position.

Applying the same logic to 'CAXY':

Thus, 'CAXY' will be coded as ZXUV.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is SKU.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1";

The completion of the incomplete pattern is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

For find the opposite surface of 'I', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices.

Now, symbol 'M' is given in Dice 1 and Dice 2, 

So, from Dice 1 and Dice 2,

 

→ M is the common surface, and A, P, S, and G are the adjacent surfaces.

So, the remaining 'M' will be the opposite face of 'I'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The given code language is:

Thus, 'K' is coded as ''.2

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible venn diagram of given statement is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given Word: CRADLES 

Arrange each letter in the English alphabetical order.

The letters 'L' and 'S' occupy the same position in both the original and the new arrangement.

Number of letters with unchanged positions: Two 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The given code language is:

Thus, 'K' is coded as '6'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The Correct answer is Queen of Ghazals.

Key Points

• Begum Akhtar, also known as Akhtari Bai Faizabadi, was one of the most renowned Indian singers of the 20th century.
• She earned the title "Queen of Ghazals" for her soulful and emotive renditions of ghazals, a poetic form of expression often exploring themes like love, pain, and loss.
• Begum Akhtar was instrumental in popularizing ghazals as a mainstream music genre in India.
• Her contribution to Indian classical music extended beyond ghazals, as she was also adept at singing Thumris and Dadras.
• She was honored with prestigious awards such as the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Padma Bhushan for her remarkable contribution to Indian music.
• Begum Akhtar's music is known for its deep emotional resonance and her ability to bring out the nuances of the Urdu language through her singing.
• Her legacy continues to inspire artists and music enthusiasts, and she remains a towering figure in the world of classical and semi-classical Indian music.

 Additional Information

• Queen of Thumris
• While Begum Akhtar sang Thumris, she is primarily associated with ghazals rather than being called the "Queen of Thumris."
• Thumri is a semi-classical Indian music form that emphasizes romantic and devotional themes and is closely associated with the Lucknow and Banaras gharanas.
• Queen of Qawwalis
• Qawwalis are devotional songs in the Sufi tradition and are not the genre for which Begum Akhtar is renowned.
• Qawwali is typically performed in groups, with singers like Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan being more synonymous with this genre.
• Queen of Khayals
• Khayal is a form of Hindustani classical music that emphasizes improvisation and intricate melodies.
• Begum Akhtar did not focus on Khayal singing, as her fame primarily rested on ghazals, Thumris, and Dadras.

The Correct answer is 100 days.

Key Points

• The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was implemented in 2005 by the Government of India.
• Under this scheme, individuals are guaranteed 100 days of wage employment per year in rural areas.
• It is aimed at enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by providing them with employment opportunities.
• The Act focuses on unskilled manual work and is open to all rural households whose adult members volunteer to do work.
• MGNREGA also emphasizes the creation of durable assets, including water conservation, irrigation, and rural infrastructure development.
• This scheme is a powerful tool for combating poverty and unemployment in rural areas.
• It includes provisions for social audits to ensure transparency and accountability.
• The wages under MGNREGA are paid according to the minimum wage rates notified by the respective states.

The Correct answer is Harrod-Domar Model

Key Points

• The First Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951 in India and focused primarily on the agricultural sector.
• The plan was based on the Harrod-Domar Model, an economic growth model developed by economists Roy Harrod and Evsey Domar.
• The model emphasizes the role of savings and investment in economic growth. It states that economic growth depends on the amount of savings in an economy and the productivity of investments.
• In India, during the First Five-Year Plan, the focus was on increasing capital formation and improving agricultural productivity to ensure food security and address challenges like poverty and unemployment.
• The plan allocated significant resources to irrigation projects, land reforms, and community development programs.
• The Harrod-Domar Model was suitable for India's needs during this period, as it emphasized the importance of creating a foundation for sustainable growth by addressing basic economic necessities.
• The First Five-Year Plan was successful in achieving its objectives, including a 5.9% annual growth rate, exceeding the targeted 2.1%.

 Additional Information

• Gandhian Model
• The Gandhian Model emphasizes village-centric development and the use of small-scale industries to achieve self-sufficiency.
• This model advocates for sustainability, non-violence, and reliance on local resources.
• Though influential, the Gandhian Model was not the primary basis for the First Five-Year Plan.
• Mahalanobis Model
• The Mahalanobis Model, developed by Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, became the basis for the Second Five-Year Plan in India.
• This model focused on industrialization and gave priority to heavy industries over consumer goods.
• It was not used in the First Five-Year Plan.
• Keynesian Model
• The Keynesian Model, proposed by economist John Maynard Keynes, focuses on the role of government spending and fiscal policies to stabilize the economy.
• While influential globally, this model was not directly applied in India's First Five-Year Plan.

The Correct answer is 20.

Key Points

• The Arjuna Award was instituted in 1961 by the Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports.
• In its inaugural edition, a total of 20 recipients were honored with the prestigious award.
• The award is named after Arjuna, one of the central characters in the Indian epic Mahabharata, symbolizing skills and courage in sports.
• The recipients in the first year represented diverse sports disciplines, showcasing the breadth of talent across the country.
• The award initially focused on recognizing individual excellence in sports but has evolved over time to include contributions to team events and coaching.
• Recipients of the Arjuna Award are honored with a bronze statuette of Arjuna, a certificate, and a cash prize.
• The Arjuna Award is considered one of the most prestigious recognitions for sportspersons in India.

 Additional Information

• Arjuna Award Evolution
• Over the years, the criteria for the Arjuna Award have been refined to include achievements at the national level, international events, and contributions toward the promotion of sports.
• The award now also recognizes contributions made by coaches under the Dronacharya Award category.
• It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• Significance of Sports Awards in India
• India celebrates sporting excellence through awards like the Arjuna Award, Dronacharya Award, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna (now known as Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna), and others.
• These awards aim to inspire young athletes and promote a culture of sportsmanship across the nation.
• They also help in fostering a sense of pride and recognition for sportspersons who excel against global competition.

The Correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Rajashree Shirke, a renowned Indian dancer, was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for her contribution to the classical dance form of Kathak.
• Kathak is one of the eight major classical dance forms of India and has its origins in the northern part of the country.
• The word "Kathak" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Katha," meaning "story," and the dance involves storytelling through intricate footwork, facial expressions, and graceful movements.
• Kathak was historically performed by storytellers or bards in temples to narrate mythological tales, primarily about Lord Krishna, Lord Rama, and other Hindu deities.
• The dance form evolved during the Mughal period, incorporating elements of Persian dance and music, which added a distinct flavor to Kathak.
• Kathak has three major gharanas (styles) - Lucknow, Jaipur, and Banaras.
• The dance form is characterized by intricate footwork, spins (chakkars), rhythmic patterns (tihai), and expressive gestures (abhinaya).
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi Award is a prestigious honor given by the National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama in India to recognize artists' contributions to performing arts.

 Additional Information

• Odissi
• Odissi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Odisha.
• It is known for its graceful movements and depiction of themes related to Lord Jagannath and Hindu mythology.
• Odissi incorporates elements such as bhanga (body posture), mudras (hand gestures), and abhinaya (expressive acting).
• Kuchipudi
• Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in Andhra Pradesh.
• It is known for its fluid movements, quick footwork, and dramatic storytelling.
• Kuchipudi often combines dance, music, and acting to narrate mythological stories.
• Manipuri
• Manipuri is a classical dance form that originates from the state of Manipur.
• This dance form is known for its soft, graceful movements and spiritual themes, often focusing on Raslila of Lord Krishna and Radha.

The Correct answer is Ajatashatru.

Key Points

• Ajatashatru was a ruler of the Haryanka Dynasty, which ruled over Magadha during the ancient period.
• He is known for his military campaigns and the annexation of several powerful kingdoms such as Kosala, Kashi, and Vajji.
• Ajatashatru is credited with initiating the expansion of Magadha, which later became a dominant kingdom in ancient India.
• He used advanced war technologies like catapults and covered chariots to strengthen his armies and subdue rival kingdoms.
• Ajatashatru’s conquest of Vajji was significant, as it involved defeating the republican confederacy led by the Lichhavis.
• He was instrumental in laying the foundation for the emergence of Magadha as a central power in the political landscape of ancient India.
• Ajatashatru played a crucial role in the promotion of Buddhism, as he was a contemporary of Lord Buddha and is said to have patronized the first Buddhist council.

 Additional Information

• Udayabhadra
• Udayabhadra was the successor of Ajatashatru but is not prominently known for territorial expansion or military conquests.
• His reign is considered relatively peaceful compared to Ajatashatru’s aggressive expansion policies.
• Nagadarshaka
• Nagadarshaka was a ruler of the Haryanka Dynasty, but his contributions were not as significant in terms of military campaigns or territorial annexations.
• He is believed to have been overthrown, leading to the establishment of the Shishunaga Dynasty.
• Shishunaga
• Shishunaga was the founder of the Shishunaga Dynasty, which succeeded the Haryanka Dynasty.
• He is known for consolidating power in Magadha after the decline of the Haryanka rulers.

The Correct answer is Haryana.

Key Points

• Anmol Kharb is a prominent Indian badminton player who hails from the state of Haryana.
• Haryana is renowned for producing exceptional athletes in various sports, including wrestling, boxing, shooting, and badminton.
• The state has a well-established sports infrastructure and provides significant support for the development of talented players.
• Haryana has contributed immensely to Indian sports and has produced players who have represented India on international platforms.
• Badminton as a sport has been gaining popularity in Haryana, with athletes like Anmol Kharb showcasing remarkable performances.
• The government of Haryana has implemented various policies and initiatives to promote sports, such as awarding cash prizes and offering jobs to players who win medals at state, national, and international levels.

 Additional Information

• Maharashtra
• Maharashtra is a major center for sports like cricket, kabaddi, and hockey but is not prominently known for producing top badminton players compared to Haryana.
• The state is famous for hosting the Indian Premier League (IPL) matches and other cricket tournaments.
• Uttar Pradesh
• Uttar Pradesh is known for sports like hockey, wrestling, and shooting, but badminton has not been a dominant sport in the state.
• The state is home to historical cities and cultural heritage, such as Varanasi and Lucknow, which are more prominent aspects of its identity.
• Rajasthan
• Rajasthan is famous for its traditional sports like camel racing and polo.
• While efforts are being made to promote other sports, Rajasthan is not particularly known for badminton players on a national level.

The Correct answer is Article 44.

Key Points

• Article 44 of the Indian Constitution falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• It directs the State to work towards ensuring a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) across the country for all its citizens.
• A Uniform Civil Code seeks to replace personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community in India with a common set governing every citizen.
• The aim of Article 44 is to promote national integration and ensure equality and justice in society.
• The UCC is meant to address issues like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption under a common framework.
• Although Article 44 is not enforceable by the courts (as it is part of the DPSP), it serves as a guiding principle for the legislature and the government in framing laws.
• The implementation of a Uniform Civil Code remains a subject of debate and discussion due to India's diverse religious and cultural practices.

 Additional Information

• Article 46
• Article 46 of the Indian Constitution relates to the promotion of the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and other weaker sections of society.
• It directs the State to protect these groups from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
• Article 42
• Article 42 of the Indian Constitution pertains to the provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
• It emphasizes the welfare of workers and the importance of creating a safe and equitable work environment.
• Article 48
• Article 48 of the Indian Constitution deals with the organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
• It includes provisions for the preservation and improvement of breeds and the prohibition of slaughter of cows, calves, and other milch and draught cattle.

The Correct answer is The Himalayas prevent the cold Siberian winds from entering India.

Key Points

• The Himalayas act as a natural barrier that prevents the entry of the cold Siberian winds from reaching the northern plains of India.
• The cold winds originate from the Siberian region of Russia, which experiences extremely low temperatures during winter.
• These winds are responsible for freezing conditions in parts of Central Asia. However, their impact is significantly reduced in India due to the presence of the Himalayas.
• The Himalayas block these winds and help maintain a relatively moderate winter climate in the northern plains of India.
• This natural barrier ensures that the temperature in the northern plains does not drop below the freezing point of water.
• The Himalayas also play a crucial role in influencing the overall climate of India, including the monsoons and seasonal variations.
• Without the Himalayas, the northern plains would experience much colder winters, similar to regions in Central Asia.

 Additional Information

• Moderating influence of the sea
• The northern plains of India are located far away from the coastal regions, so the influence of the sea is minimal.
• Coastal areas experience more moderate temperatures due to the thermal properties of water, but this is not applicable to the northern plains.
• Far away from Jammu and Kashmir
• While Jammu and Kashmir do experience freezing temperatures, their geographical distance from the northern plains does not directly impact the winter conditions in the plains.
• The main factor here remains the presence of the Himalayas, not the proximity to Jammu and Kashmir.
• Western disturbances during the cold winter season
• Western disturbances are extratropical storms originating in the Mediterranean region, which bring winter rainfall to northern India.
• These disturbances can cause temperature fluctuations but do not have a significant role in preventing temperatures from falling below freezing.

The correct answer is The centrosome has distal appendages but the basal body does not have such appendages.

Key Points

• Basal bodies and centrioles share a similar structural organization, as both are composed of a 9+0 arrangement of microtubules, which means nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylindrical shape without a central pair.
• However, one key difference between the two is the presence of distal appendages (doorasth upaang), which are found in centrioles but are absent in basal bodies.
• Distal appendages are specialized structures that help in the anchoring of centrioles at the plasma membrane, especially during the formation of cilia and flagella.
• In contrast, basal bodies primarily function as the organizing centers for the assembly of cilia or flagella, but they lack these distal appendages.
• This distinction is critical for understanding the functional specialization of centrioles versus basal bodies within the cell.

The Correct answer is Kiren Rijiju.

Key Points

• Kiren Rijiju is serving as the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the Government of India as of September 2024.
• He is a prominent member of the ruling party, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• Prior to this role, he has served as the Union Minister of Law and Justice and held other significant portfolios in the Government.
• His contributions to the government include initiating legal reforms and enhancing parliamentary efficiency.
• Kiren Rijiju hails from Arunachal Pradesh, representing the northeastern region in national politics.
• His appointment as the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs emphasizes his extensive experience in managing legislative matters and ensuring smooth coordination between the government and the opposition.
• The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs plays a crucial role in facilitating the functioning of the Parliament and maintaining decorum during sessions.

 Additional Information

• L Murugan
• L Murugan is currently serving as the Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting.
• He belongs to Tamil Nadu and has a background in law and politics.
• His role primarily focuses on media policies and disseminating government information.
• Tenzin Gyaltsen
• Tenzin Gyaltsen is not a known political figure in the Government of India.
• This name could be fictional or refer to an individual in a different capacity outside Indian politics.
• Arjun Ram
• Arjun Ram Meghwal, a prominent BJP leader, serves as the Union Minister of Law and Justice as of 2024.
• He has previously held portfolios such as Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs and Culture.
• He is recognized for his efforts in legal reforms and promoting cultural heritage.

The correct answer is Dmitri Mendeleev.

Key Points

• Dmitri Mendeleev was a renowned Russian chemist who is credited with the creation of the first widely accepted Periodic Table of Elements.
• His periodic table was published in a German magazine in the year 1872. This made his work accessible to a global audience.
• Mendeleev organized the elements based on their atomic weights and properties, leading to the formulation of the Periodic Law, which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights.
• One of Mendeleev's significant achievements was his ability to predict the existence and properties of undiscovered elements. For instance, he predicted elements such as gallium, scandium, and germanium, which were discovered later and fit perfectly into his table.
• His periodic table laid the foundation for the modern periodic table, which is now based on the atomic number instead of atomic weight.
• Mendeleev's work was pivotal in establishing the systematic study of chemistry and understanding the relationships between elements.

 Additional Information

• Henry Moseley
• Henry Moseley was a British physicist who made significant contributions to the understanding of the periodic table by introducing the concept of atomic number.
• He demonstrated that the periodic table should be arranged based on the atomic number rather than atomic weight, which resolved inconsistencies in Mendeleev's table.
• Moseley's work led to the modern formulation of the Periodic Law.
• Lothar Meyer
• Lothar Meyer, a German chemist, independently developed a periodic table around the same time as Mendeleev.
• While Meyer’s table was similar, it did not receive as much recognition because Mendeleev's table was published first and included predictions of unknown elements.
• Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
• Döbereiner was a German chemist known for his work on triads, groups of three elements with similar properties.
• His work was an early attempt to group elements and laid the groundwork for future developments in the periodic table.

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance forms in India and is rooted in Tamil Nadu.
• This dance form is deeply connected to the Natya Shastra, an ancient Sanskrit text on performing arts written by Bharata.
• T Balasaraswati was an acclaimed dancer who brought global recognition to Bharatanatyam through her exceptional performances.
• It is characterized by intricate footwork, hand gestures (mudras), facial expressions (abhinaya), and rhythmic movements.
• Bharatanatyam is a form of storytelling and is often performed as an offering in temples, expressing devotion to deities such as Lord Shiva and Vishnu.
• It is widely regarded as a spiritual art form, and its themes often revolve around bhakti (devotion), mythology, and ancient scriptures.
• The costumes and jewelry used in Bharatanatyam performances are elaborate, enhancing its visual appeal and cultural significance.

 Additional Information

• Kathak
• Kathak originated in northern India and is one of the eight classical dance forms of India.
• It is characterized by rapid footwork, spins, and storytelling through dance.
• Mughal influence introduced Persian elements to Kathak, blending Hindu and Islamic traditions.
• Kathak is often performed with tabla and harmonium accompaniment.
• Odissi
• Odissi is a classical dance form originating from Odisha.
• It is known for its fluid movements, sculpturesque poses, and expressions of devotion to Lord Jagannath.
• Odissi often incorporates themes from Vaishnavism and Shaivism.
• Manipuri
• Manipuri is a classical dance form from Manipur in northeastern India.
• It is characterized by graceful movements and religious themes, often dedicated to Lord Krishna and Radha.
• Manipuri costumes include unique circular skirts and veils.

The Correct answer is 2023.

Key Points

• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets (IYM).
• The proposal for this declaration was initiated by India and supported by over 70 countries.
• The primary aim of celebrating the International Year of Millets is to raise awareness about the health benefits and sustainable cultivation practices of millets.
• Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses that are highly nutritious and climate-resilient. Examples include ragi (finger millet), jowar (sorghum), bajra (pearl millet), and foxtail millet.
• Millets have been a traditional staple food in many parts of the world, including India, Africa, and East Asia.
• The declaration aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly goals related to food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture.
• India is the largest producer of millets and has been actively promoting their consumption through initiatives like the National Food Security Mission (NFSM).
• The International Year of Millets also focuses on increasing global production, efficient processing, and better consumption.

The Correct answer is Advocate General of the State.

Key Points

• Article 165 of the Constitution of India pertains to the appointment of the Advocate General of the State.
• The Advocate General is the highest legal officer in the state and serves as the chief legal advisor to the state government.
• He/she is appointed by the Governor of the state and must be qualified to be appointed as a judge of a High Court.
• The Advocate General has the right to speak and participate in the proceedings of both the state legislature's houses, but cannot vote.
• The Advocate General's primary duties include advising the state government on legal matters, appearing on behalf of the state in legal cases, and performing other legal duties assigned by the Governor.
• The position is similar to that of the Attorney General of India, who is the legal advisor to the Central Government.

 Additional Information

• Chief Justice of the High Court
• The Chief Justice of the High Court is appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the state.
• This appointment is governed by Article 217 of the Constitution of India.
• Chief Minister
• The Chief Minister is the head of the state government and is appointed by the Governor of the state.
• The Chief Minister is usually the leader of the majority party in the state legislature.
• Judges of the High Court
• Judges of the High Court are appointed by the President of India under Article 217, in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the state, and the Chief Justice of the High Court.
• They are responsible for upholding the rule of law and interpreting the Constitution at the state level.

The Correct answer is Round Table Conferences.

Key Points

• During the 1930s, India witnessed significant discussions about its constitutional reforms, and the Round Table Conferences were central to these discussions.
• The Round Table Conferences were a series of meetings held between 1930 and 1932, organized by the British Government to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
• Lord Zetland, as the Secretary of State for India during this period, played a critical role in these conferences.
• The conferences were held in London and aimed to negotiate the future governance structure of India.
• The First Round Table Conference was held in November 1930, the Second Round Table Conference in September 1931, and the Third Round Table Conference in November 1932.
• The key participants included representatives of the Indian National Congress, princely states, minority communities, and British officials.
• The conferences led to the eventual formulation of the Government of India Act, 1935, which introduced significant administrative changes.
• Lord Zetland's involvement was crucial in mediating discussions and ensuring British interests were upheld during the debates.

 Additional Information

• Simon Commission
• The Simon Commission was a group of British Parliament members sent to India in 1927 to study constitutional reforms.
• It faced strong opposition in India because it did not include any Indian members.
• The Lahore Congress of 1929, led by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, declared complete independence as the goal in opposition to the Simon Commission.
• Cabinet Mission Plan
• The Cabinet Mission Plan was sent to India in 1946 to discuss the transfer of power from British rule to Indian leadership.
• It proposed the formation of a Constituent Assembly and a three-tier federal structure.
• The plan was significant in laying the foundation for India's independence and constitution drafting.
• Quit India Movement
• The Quit India Movement was launched by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942.
• It was a mass civil disobedience campaign demanding an end to British rule in India.
• The movement faced severe repression, including arrests of prominent leaders and violent suppression by the British authorities.

The Correct answer is up to ₹3 lakh.

Key Points

• The Economically Weaker Section (EWS) is a category defined under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) to ensure housing benefits for families with limited income.
• The eligibility criteria for EWS households under PMAY-U 2.0 specifies that the annual income of the family should be up to ₹3 lakh.
• Families falling under the EWS category are prioritized for affordable housing schemes designed by the government.
• PMAY-U is a flagship mission launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) to provide housing for all urban families by the year 2022.
• Under PMAY-U, beneficiaries from EWS families can avail subsidies on housing loans through the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS).
• This scheme aims to improve the living conditions of urban poor families by providing pucca houses with basic amenities.
• The mission also aligns with the government’s larger goal of ensuring inclusive growth by addressing urban housing shortages.
• EWS families are identified based on their income criteria and are eligible for government assistance in constructing or purchasing houses.

 Additional Information

• ₹6 lakh up to ₹9 lakh
• This income range falls under the Middle Income Group-I (MIG-I) category as defined in PMAY-U.
• MIG-I households are eligible for subsidies on housing loans under the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS).
• Families in this category have access to housing benefits, but they do not qualify as EWS households.
• up to ₹6 lakh
• This option corresponds to the eligibility criteria for the Low Income Group (LIG) category under PMAY-U.
• Families in this income group are eligible for housing benefits under the scheme but are distinct from the EWS category.
• ₹7 lakh up to ₹9 lakh
• Similar to ₹6 lakh up to ₹9 lakh, this option belongs to the MIG-I category as defined under PMAY-U.
• It does not represent the eligibility criteria for EWS households.

The Correct answer is Jains.

Key Points

• As per the Census 2011, Jains constitute the smallest proportion of the Indian population among the major religious communities.
• The Jain community accounts for only about 0.4% of the total Indian population.
• Jainism is one of the oldest religions in the world, originating in ancient India and emphasizing non-violence (ahimsa), truth, and asceticism.
• Jains are predominantly concentrated in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka, with significant communities in urban areas.
• Jainism does not actively promote conversion, which is one of the reasons for its relatively small population in comparison to other religions.
• Unlike many other religions, Jainism focuses on the individual’s efforts to achieve liberation (moksha) and does not rely on a supreme deity.
• Jains have made significant contributions to Indian culture, particularly in the areas of philosophy, art, architecture, and trade.

 Additional Information

• Christians
• Christianity is the third largest religion in India, constituting about 2.3% of the population as per Census 2011.
• It is widely practiced in states like Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, and the northeastern states.
• Christianity in India traces its origins to the arrival of St. Thomas the Apostle in the first century.
• Buddhists
• Buddhism originated in India and constitutes about 0.7% of the population as per Census 2011.
• The majority of Buddhists in India today are Ambedkarite Buddhists, who converted from Dalit communities.
• Key states with a significant Buddhist population include Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.
• Sikhs
• Sikhism constitutes about 1.7% of the Indian population.
• The religion originated in the Punjab region during the 15th century, founded by Guru Nanak.
• Sikhs are predominantly concentrated in the state of Punjab.

The Correct answer is Pongal.

Key Points

• Pongal is a traditional harvest festival celebrated in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
• It is dedicated to the Sun God, who is worshipped for ensuring a bountiful harvest.
• The festival marks the beginning of the Tamil month of Thai, which usually falls in mid-January.
• Pongal is celebrated over four days, each with its own significance: Bhogi Pongal, Surya Pongal, Mattu Pongal, and Kaanum Pongal.
• The name "Pongal" is derived from the Tamil word meaning "to boil" and signifies the traditional dish made from freshly harvested rice, milk, and jaggery.
• It symbolizes gratitude to nature and the farmers who work hard to produce food.
• The festival includes traditional activities such as decorating houses, cooking Pongal, drawing Kolam (rangoli), and participating in cultural events.
• The festival reflects the agrarian culture of Tamil Nadu and celebrates the harmony between humans and nature.

 Additional Information

• Makar Sankranti
• Makar Sankranti is celebrated in various parts of India to mark the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign Capricorn (Makara).
• It is observed in January and signifies the beginning of longer days and the end of winter.
• In northern India, it is associated with kite flying, while in Gujarat and Maharashtra, people prepare sweets made of sesame (til) and jaggery.
• Magh Bihu
• Magh Bihu, also known as Bhogali Bihu, is celebrated in the Indian state of Assam.
• It marks the end of the harvesting season and is celebrated with feasts, bonfires, and traditional games.
• The festival is an expression of gratitude for a successful harvest.
• Vaisakhi
• Vaisakhi is celebrated in the state of Punjab and marks the beginning of the harvest season.
• It also commemorates the formation of the Khalsa Panth by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.
• The festival is observed with traditional dances like Bhangra and Gidda.

The Correct answer is Wider market reach.

Key Points

• E-commerce provides businesses the ability to expand their market beyond geographical boundaries.
• It enables businesses to connect with customers across various countries and regions, irrespective of their physical location.
• With the use of digital platforms, businesses can sell products and services to a larger audience without the need for physical stores.
• E-commerce platforms such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Flipkart serve as excellent examples of how businesses can reach a global market.
• It allows businesses to cater to niche markets that might not be accessible through traditional retail methods.
• The widespread use of internet and mobile devices has played a significant role in ensuring that e-commerce businesses can reach their target customers effectively.
• E-commerce also provides opportunities for 24/7 operations, ensuring customers can shop at their convenience, further enhancing market reach.

 Additional Information

• Limited choice of products
• E-commerce platforms generally offer a wide variety of products, making the term "limited choice" incorrect in this context.
• The digital nature of e-commerce allows businesses to list extensive product catalogs that would not be feasible in a physical store.
• Higher operating costs
• E-commerce usually has lower operating costs compared to traditional retail stores due to reduced overhead expenses like rent and utilities.
• Costs such as logistics and website maintenance are generally lower than maintaining multiple physical stores.
• Reduced customer services
• E-commerce often enhances customer service by providing features like live chat, FAQs, and automated systems to address customer concerns.
• Many platforms also offer personalized recommendations and 24/7 support, which improve customer experience.

Shortcut Trick

The capacity of a cylindrical tank is equivalent to its volume.

Volume = Base Area × Height = πr²h

V = (22/7) × 7 × 7 × 9

V = 22 × 7 × 9 = 154 × 9 = 1386 m³

∴ The correct answer is 1386 m³.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of the cylindrical tank (r) = 7 m

Height of the cylindrical tank (h) = 9 m

Formula Used:

Capacity of Cylinder (Volume) = πr²h

r = 7 m

h = 9 m

Cylindrical Tank

Calculations:

⇒ Capacity = (22/7) × 7² × 9

⇒ Capacity = (22/7) × 49 × 9

⇒ Capacity = 22 × 7 × 9

⇒ Capacity = 154 × 9

⇒ Capacity = 1386 m³

∴ The correct answer is 1386 m³.

Additional Information

Curved Surface Area of a Cylinder

Formula: CSA = 2πrh. Used to calculate the external area of the curved sides, excluding the top and bottom circular bases.

Total Surface Area of a Cylinder

Formula: TSA = 2πr(r + h). Represents the total surface area including the curved surface and both circular bases.

Volume of a Cone

Formula: V = (1/3)πr²h. A cone with the same base radius and height as a cylinder holds exactly one-third of the cylinder's volume.

Shortcut Trick

Total pocket money = 3 × 2500 = ₹7,500

Total unspent money = 3 × 2100 = ₹6,300

Total spent money = 7500 − 6300 = ₹1,200

Ratio of spending (X : Y : Z) = 1 : 2 : 3 (Total 6 units)

Amount spent by X (1 unit) = 1200 ÷ 6 = ₹200

∴ The correct answer is ₹200.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average pocket money of X, Y and Z = ₹2,500

Average unspent money of X, Y and Z = ₹2,100

Y spends double of X, Z spends triple of X.

Formula Used:

Total = Average × Number of entities

Total Money = Total Spent + Total Unspent

Total Pocket Money = ₹7500

Unspent = ₹6300

X x

Y 2x

Z 3x

Total Spent = ₹1200

x + 2x + 3x = 1200 x = 200

Calculations:

⇒ Total pocket money = 2500 × 3 = ₹7,500

⇒ Total unspent money = 2100 × 3 = ₹6,300

⇒ Total money spent = 7500 − 6300 = ₹1,200

⇒ Let money spent by X be x.

⇒ Money spent by Y = 2x

⇒ Money spent by Z = 3x

⇒ Total money spent = x + 2x + 3x = 6x

⇒ 6x = 1200

⇒ x = 200

∴ The correct answer is ₹200.

Additional Information

Average Formula

Average is calculated as the sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. Hence, Sum = Average × Number of elements.

Ratios in Distribution

When a total amount is divided in the ratio a : b : c, the share of the first entity is given by (a ÷ (a + b + c)) × Total Amount.

Income, Expenditure and Savings

Income is always equal to the sum of Expenditure and Savings. This fundamental balancing equation applies directly when a total allowance is split into spent and unspent portions.

Shortcut Trick

Remaining work for the initial 54 men is for 40 days (48 − 8).

Total men working now = 54 + 36 = 90 men.

Using the rule M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂ ⇒ 54 × 40 = 90 × D₂

D₂ = 2160 ÷ 90 = 24 days.

∴ The correct answer is 24 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial number of men = 54

Total time to complete the work = 48 days

Additional men who joined after 8 days = 36

Method Used:

Total Work Method, assuming 1 man completes 1 unit of work per day.

⇒ Total Work = 54 × 48 = 2592 units

⇒ Work completed in 8 days = 54 × 8 = 432 units

⇒ Remaining Work = 2592 − 432 = 2160 units

⇒ Total men working after 8 days = 54 + 36 = 90 men

⇒ New combined efficiency = 90 units/day

⇒ Days required to complete remaining work = Remaining Work ÷ New Efficiency

⇒ Days required = 2160 ÷ 90 = 24 days

∴ The correct answer is 24 days.

Additional Information

MDH Rule

If M₁ men can do W₁ work in D₁ days working H₁ hours, and M₂ men can do W₂ work in D₂ days working H₂ hours, then: (M₁ × D₁ × H₁) ÷ W₁ = (M₂ × D₂ × H₂) ÷ W₂.

Efficiency & Time Relationship

The efficiency of a group is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. If efficiency increases, time required decreases proportionally.

Work & Wages

Wages are distributed in direct proportion to the amount of work done by each individual. When individuals work for the same number of days, wages are shared in the ratio of their efficiencies.

Shortcut Trick

Let the original price of the fuel be 100 units.

Successive multiplying factors are 0.9, 0.5, 0.5, and 1.45.

Final Price = 100 × 0.9 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 1.45 = 32.625

Total Decrease = 100 − 32.625 = 67.375%

Rounding to two decimal places, the percentage decrease is 67.38%.

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 67.38%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial price undergoes successive changes of −10%, −50%, −50%, and +45%.

Formula Used:

Final Value = Initial Value × (1 ± R₁/100) × (1 ± R₂/100) × ...

Percentage Change = [(Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value] × 100

100

90

45

22.5

32.625

−10%

−50%

−50%

+45%

Overall Change = −67.38%

Successive Percentage Changes

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial price of the fuel be 100 units.

⇒ Price after 1^st month = 100 × (1 − 10/100) = 100 × 0.9 = 90

⇒ Price after 2^nd month = 90 × (1 − 50/100) = 90 × 0.5 = 45

⇒ Price after 3^rd month = 45 × (1 − 50/100) = 45 × 0.5 = 22.5

⇒ Price after 4^th month = 22.5 × (1 + 45/100) = 22.5 × 1.45 = 32.625

⇒ Overall decrease = Original Price − Final Price = 100 − 32.625 = 67.375 units

⇒ Percentage decrease = (67.375 ÷ 100) × 100 = 67.375%

⇒ Rounding to two decimal points, we get 67.38%.

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 67.38%.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

When a quantity undergoes multiple consecutive percentage changes, the final value is evaluated by multiplying the base value by the respective successive multipliers: Final Value = Initial Value × (1 ± r₁/100) × (1 ± r₂/100).

Effective Percentage Formula

For two successive changes of a% and b%, the net effective percentage change can be quickly calculated using the formula: Net % = (a + b + ab/100)%. Positive values indicate an increase, while negative values indicate a decrease.

Order Independence

The final resultant percentage in successive changes is completely independent of the sequence in which the changes are applied. For example, a 50% decrease followed by a 10% decrease yields the exact same final value as a 10% decrease followed by a 50% decrease.

Shortcut Trick

Effective CI rate for 2 years = 4% + 4% + (4 × 4) ÷ 100% = 8.16%

Effective SI rate for 2 years = 4% × 2 = 8%

Given CI = ₹255 ⇒ 8.16% ≡ ₹255

Required SI = 8% ≡ (255 ÷ 8.16) × 8 = 25500 ÷ 102 = ₹250

∴ The correct answer is ₹250.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rate (R) = 4% p.a., Time (T) = 2 years, Compound Interest (CI) = ₹255

Formula Used:

CI = P[(1 + R ÷ 100)² − 1]

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Principal = ₹3125

4% 4%

Year 1 SI = ₹125

Year 2 SI = ₹125

4%

CI Diff = ₹5 Total CI = ₹255 | Total SI = ₹250

Calculation:

⇒ CI = P[(1 + 4 ÷ 100)² − 1] = 255

⇒ 255 = P[(26 ÷ 25)² − 1]

⇒ 255 = P[(676 ÷ 625) − 1]

⇒ 255 = P[51 ÷ 625]

⇒ P = (255 × 625) ÷ 51

⇒ P = 5 × 625 = ₹3125

⇒ Now, calculate Simple Interest for the same principal:

⇒ SI = (3125 × 4 × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = 25000 ÷ 100 = ₹250

∴ The correct answer is ₹250.

Additional Information

Ratio of CI and SI for 2 years

The ratio of Compound Interest to Simple Interest for two years at a rate R% per annum can be directly calculated as: CI ÷ SI = 1 + (R ÷ 200).

Effective Rate of Interest for 2 years

For a given rate R%, the effective CI rate for 2 years is: 2R + (R² ÷ 100)%. The effective SI rate is strictly 2R%.

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years

The exact difference between compound interest and simple interest for 2 years is given by the formula: D = P(R ÷ 100)².

Shortcut Trick

If a number 'x' is added to a, b, c, d to make them proportional: x = (bc − ad) ÷ [(a + d) − (b + c)]

Here a = 9, b = 16, c = 13, and d = 23.

⇒ x = (16 × 13 − 9 × 23) ÷ [(9 + 23) − (16 + 13)]

⇒ x = (208 − 207) ÷ (32 − 29) = 1/3

∴ The correct answer is 1/3.

Alternate Method

Given:

The original numbers are 9, 16, 13, and 23.

Formula Used:

For four numbers a, b, c, and d to be in proportion, a : b :: c : d ⇒ a/b = c/d.

9

,

16

and

13

,

23

Add 'x' to each number

9 + x

:

16 + x

::

13 + x

:

23 + x

Condition for Proportion: (9 + x) / (16 + x) = (13 + x) / (23 + x)

Calculations:

Let the required number to be added be x.

⇒ According to the given condition, (9 + x) : (16 + x) :: (13 + x) : (23 + x)

⇒ (9 + x) / (16 + x) = (13 + x) / (23 + x)

⇒ By cross-multiplying the terms, we get:

⇒ (9 + x)(23 + x) = (16 + x)(13 + x)

⇒ 207 + 9x + 23x + x² = 208 + 16x + 13x + x²

⇒ 207 + 32x = 208 + 29x

⇒ 32x − 29x = 208 − 207

⇒ 3x = 1

⇒ x = 1/3

∴ The correct answer is 1/3.

Additional Information

Proportion Rule

When four numbers a, b, c, d are in proportion (a:b :: c:d), the product of extreme terms equals the product of mean terms: a × d = b × c.

Componendo and Dividendo

If a/b = c/d, then according to this theorem, (a + b) / (a − b) = (c + d) / (c − d). This rule is widely used to simplify complex fraction and proportion equations quickly.

Continued Proportion

Three numbers a, b, c are said to be in continued proportion if a:b = b:c. In this sequence, b is known as the mean proportional, and b² = ac.

Shortcut Trick

When the distance traveled is the same in both directions, the average speed is given directly by the formula:

Average Speed = (2 × S₁ × S₂) ÷ (S₁ + S₂)

⇒ Average Speed = (2 × 24 × 40) ÷ (24 + 40)

⇒ Average Speed = 1920 ÷ 64 = 30 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 30 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Hyderabad Chennai

Distance = D

Speed = 24 km/hr

Speed = 40 km/hr

Given:

Speed from Hyderabad to Chennai (S₁) = 24 km/hr

Speed from Chennai to Hyderabad (S₂) = 40 km/hr

Let the one-way distance between the two cities be D km.

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Time taken for the forward journey (T₁) = D ÷ 24

⇒ Time taken for the return journey (T₂) = D ÷ 40

⇒ Total Time = (D ÷ 24) + (D ÷ 40)

⇒ Total Time = (5D + 3D) ÷ 120

⇒ Total Time = 8D ÷ 120 = D ÷ 15

⇒ Total Distance covered = D + D = 2D

⇒ Average Speed = 2D ÷ (D ÷ 15)

⇒ Average Speed = 2 × 15 = 30 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 30 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed for 3 Equal Distances

If an object covers three equal parts of a journey at speeds x, y, and z, the average speed is calculated as (3 × x × y × z) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Average Speed with Different Distances

If an object travels variable distances d₁, d₂, d₃ taking corresponding times t₁, t₂, t₃, the Average Speed is strictly given by (d₁ + d₂ + d₃) ÷ (t₁ + t₂ + t₃).

Relative Speed Concept

When two bodies move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (x + y). When moving in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds (x − y).

Shortcut Trick

Price after the first 20% discount = 80% of ₹19,200 = ₹15,360

Value of the second discount offered = ₹15,360 − ₹13,824 = ₹1,536

Second discount % = (1536 ÷ 15360) × 100 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹19,200

First Discount (D₁) = 20%

Final Selling Price (SP) = ₹13,824

Formula Used:

Discount % = (Discount Value ÷ Base Price) × 100

₹19,200 Marked Price

₹15,360 After 1st Discount

₹13,824 Final SP

− 20%

− x%

Calculations:

⇒ Price after 1st discount = 19200 × (100 − 20) ÷ 100

⇒ Price after 1st discount = 19200 × 0.8 = ₹15,360

⇒ Amount of second discount = Price after 1st discount − Final Selling Price

⇒ Amount of second discount = 15360 − 13824 = ₹1,536

⇒ Second discount % = (Amount of second discount ÷ Price after 1st discount) × 100

⇒ Second discount % = (1536 ÷ 15360) × 100

⇒ Second discount % = 1 ÷ 10 × 100 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Additional Information

Successive Discount Formula

The single equivalent discount for two successive discounts of a% and b% can be directly calculated as: (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Marked Price vs Cost Price

Marked Price (MP) is the maximum retail price set by the shopkeeper. Discounts are always calculated on the MP, whereas Profit or Loss is strictly calculated on the Cost Price (CP).

Direct Relationship

The ratio linking MP, CP, Profit%, and Discount% is given by: MP ÷ CP = (100 + Profit%) ÷ (100 − Discount%).

Shortcut Trick

Effective SI for 3 years at 10% = 10% × 3 = 30%

Effective CI for 3 years at 10% = 33.1%

Difference in % = 33.1% − 30% = 3.1%

According to the question, 3.1% of Principal = ₹155

⇒ Principal = (155 ÷ 3.1) × 100 = ₹5000

∴ The correct answer is ₹5000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Difference between CI and SI (D) = ₹155

Rate (R) = 10% per annum

Time (T) = 3 years

Formula Used:

For 3 years, the difference between CI and SI is:

D = P × (R ÷ 100)² × (300 + R) ÷ 100

Comparison of Effective Interest Rates (3 Years, 10% p.a.)

Simple Interest:

30%

Compound Interest:

33.1%

3.1% = ₹155

Calculations:

⇒ 155 = P × (10 ÷ 100)² × (300 + 10) ÷ 100

⇒ 155 = P × (1 ÷ 100) × (310 ÷ 100)

⇒ 155 = P × 0.01 × 3.1

⇒ 155 = P × 0.031

⇒ P = 155 ÷ 0.031

⇒ P = ₹5000

∴ The correct answer is ₹5000.

Additional Information

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years

The difference between compound interest and simple interest for 2 years on a certain principal P at rate R% is given by the formula: D = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Effective Rate Method for 3 years

Effective Compound Interest rate for 3 years at 10% p.a. is 33.1%, whereas Simple Interest is exactly 30%. The percentage difference will strictly be 3.1% of the principal amount.

Effective Rate Formula

For 2 years, the effective CI = 2R + (R² ÷ 100)%. For 3 years, the effective CI = 3R + (3R² ÷ 100) + (R³ ÷ 10000)%.

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(5, 6, 8, 10) = 120 units.

Efficiencies: A = 24, B = 20, C = 15, D = 12 units/day.

Day 1 work (A + B + C) = 24 + 20 + 15 = 59 units.

Day 2 work (A + B + D) = 24 + 20 + 12 = 56 units.

Work done in 2 days = 59 + 56 = 115 units. Remaining work = 120 − 115 = 5 units.

Time for remaining 5 units by A, B, C = 5 ÷ 59 days. Total time = 2 ⁵/₅₉ days.

∴ The correct answer is 2 ⁵/₅₉ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A, B, C, and D separately is 5, 6, 8, and 10 days respectively.

A and B are assisted by C and D on alternate days, starting with C.

Formula Used:

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken

Calculations:

Let Total Work be the LCM of 5, 6, 8, and 10 = 120 units.

⇒ Total efficiency of A and B = 24 + 20 = 44 units/day.

⇒ Work done on Day 1 (A + B + C) = 44 + 15 = 59 units.

⇒ Work done on Day 2 (A + B + D) = 44 + 12 = 56 units.

⇒ Total work done in one 2-day cycle = 59 + 56 = 115 units.

⇒ Remaining work = 120 − 115 = 5 units.

⇒ On Day 3, A, B, and C will work together (combined efficiency = 59 units/day).

⇒ Time taken to complete the remaining 5 units = 5/59 days.

⇒ Total time taken = 2 days + 5/59 days = 2 ⁵/₅₉ days.

∴ The correct answer is 2 ⁵/₅₉ days.

Additional Information

LCM Method for Time & Work

Total work is assumed as the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given individual times. Efficiency of a person = Total Work ÷ Time taken.

Alternate Days Work

When individuals work on alternate days, calculate the total work completed in one full cycle before analyzing the remaining work for the subsequent days.

Pipes & Cisterns

Follows the exact same logic as Time & Work. Inlet pipes have positive efficiency, while outlet pipes (leaks) have negative efficiency.

Work & Wages

Wages are always distributed in the direct ratio of the total amount of work actually done by each person, which is proportional to their efficiencies if they work for an equal duration.

Given:

Evaluate: 16 + 9 ÷ 3 - 2 × 4

Calculation:

16 + 9 ÷ 3 - 2 × 4

⇒ 16 + 3 - 8

⇒ 19 - 8

⇒ 11

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Cost Price to Selling Price = 5000 : 6200 = 25 : 31

Profit in ratio = 31 − 25 = 6 units

Profit % = (6 ÷ 25) × 100 = 24%

∴ The correct answer is 24%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = Rs. 5,000

Selling Price (SP) = Rs. 6,200

Formula Used:

Profit = SP − CP

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

CP = ₹5,000

₹1,200

SP = ₹6,200

Calculation:

⇒ Profit = 6200 − 5000

⇒ Profit = 1200

⇒ Profit % = (1200 ÷ 5000) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (12 ÷ 50) × 100

⇒ Profit % = 12 × 2 = 24%

∴ The correct answer is 24%.

Additional Information

Loss Percentage

When Selling Price is less than Cost Price, Loss is incurred. Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on Marked Price (MP). SP = MP − Discount. Discount % = (Discount ÷ MP) × 100.

Successive Discount

For two successive discounts a% and b%, the effective discount % is (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of quantities = 6 kg : 12 kg = 1 : 2

Using the weighted average concept:

Mean Price = (1 × 2730 + 2 × 1002) ÷ (1 + 2)

Mean Price = (2730 + 2004) ÷ 3 = 4734 ÷ 3 = 1578

∴ The correct answer is ₹1578.

Alternate Method

Given:

Quantity of first type (Q₁) = 6 kg, Price (P₁) = ₹2,730/kg

Quantity of second type (Q₂) = 12 kg, Price (P₂) = ₹1,002/kg

Let the mean price of the mixture be ₹x per kg.

Price 1 ₹2730 Price 2 ₹1002 Mean ₹x Qty 1 6 kg Qty 2 12 kg Ratio = 6 : 12 = 1 : 2

Formula Used:

By rule of Alligation:

Q₁ / Q₂ = (x − P₂) / (P₁ − x)

Calculations:

⇒ 6 / 12 = (x − 1002) / (2730 − x)

⇒ 1 / 2 = (x − 1002) / (2730 − x)

⇒ 2730 − x = 2 × (x − 1002)

⇒ 2730 − x = 2x − 2004

⇒ 3x = 2730 + 2004

⇒ 3x = 4734

⇒ x = 1578

∴ The correct answer is ₹1578.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

When two ingredients of different prices are mixed, the ratio of their quantities is given by: Quantity of Cheaper / Quantity of Dearer = (Price of Dearer − Mean Price) / (Mean Price − Price of Cheaper).

Weighted Average

It is an average that takes into account the proportional relevance of each component. Formula: A_w = (w₁x₁ + w₂x₂ + ... + w_nx_n) ÷ (w₁ + w₂ + ... + w_n).

Replacement Method

If y units are replaced with water n times from an initial volume x of pure liquid, the final volume of pure liquid is: x(1 − y/x)ⁿ.

Shortcut Trick

The problem states that the required least number x must be perfectly divisible by 7.

We can efficiently find the correct answer by checking the given options for divisibility by 7.

Checking options: 3506 ÷ 7 (No) | 3560 ÷ 7 (No) | 3065 ÷ 7 (No).

Only 3605 ÷ 7 = 515, which yields a remainder of 0.

∴ The correct answer is 3605.

Alternate Method

Given:

Divisors = 12, 15, 18, 20 and 25

Remainder in each case = 5

The least number x is perfectly divisible by 7.

Formula Used:

Required Number = (LCM of divisors) × k + Remainder

Calculations:

⇒ First, we find the LCM of the given divisors: 12, 15, 18, 20 and 25.

⇒ 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ 15 = 3 × 5

⇒ 18 = 2 × 3²

⇒ 20 = 2² × 5

⇒ 25 = 5²

⇒ LCM = 2² × 3² × 5² = 4 × 9 × 25 = 900

⇒ Let the required number be x = 900k + 5, where k is a positive integer.

⇒ Since x is divisible by 7, the expression (900k + 5) must be a multiple of 7.

⇒ We can split 900k as (896k + 4k). Here, 896 is a multiple of 7, since 896 = 7 × 128.

⇒ Therefore, the divisibility depends entirely on (4k + 5) ÷ 7 leaving a remainder of 0.

⇒ Let's check for minimum integer values of k:

⇒ For k = 1: 4(1) + 5 = 9 (Not divisible by 7)

⇒ For k = 2: 4(2) + 5 = 13 (Not divisible by 7)

⇒ For k = 3: 4(3) + 5 = 17 (Not divisible by 7)

⇒ For k = 4: 4(4) + 5 = 21 (Perfectly divisible by 7)

⇒ Substitute k = 4 into the original equation x = 900k + 5.

⇒ x = 900 × 4 + 5 = 3600 + 5 = 3605.

∴ The correct answer is 3605.

Additional Information

LCM and Constant Remainders

When a number is divided by a, b, and c leaving the same remainder R in each case, the general form of the required number is represented as: N = k × LCM(a, b, c) + R.

LCM and Different Remainders

When a number is divided by a, b, and c leaving remainders x, y, and z respectively, such that the difference (a − x) = (b − y) = (c − z) = K, the general form of the number is: N = k × LCM(a, b, c) − K.

Divisibility Rule of 7

To check if a number is divisible by 7, drop the last digit, double it, and subtract it from the remaining truncated number. If the result is exactly divisible by 7 (or is 0), then the original number is also divisible by 7.

Shortcut Trick

Start with the largest number: 364 = 2² × 7 × 13.

Compare with 156 (2² × 3 × 13) → the factor 3 is missing in 364, so multiply by 3 → 364 × 3 = 1092.

Compare with 21 (3 × 7) → both factors 3 and 7 are already present in 1092.

Compare with 16 (2⁴) → 1092 only contains 2², so we must multiply by the remaining 2² (which is 4).

LCM = 1092 × 4 = 4368.

∴ The correct answer is 4368.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers = 16, 21, 364, and 156

Concept Used:

The Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the product of the highest powers of all prime factors of the given numbers.

Calculation:

⇒ Prime factorization of 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 2⁴

⇒ Prime factorization of 21 = 3 × 7 = 3¹ × 7¹

⇒ Prime factorization of 364 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 13 = 2² × 7¹ × 13¹

⇒ Prime factorization of 156 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 = 2² × 3¹ × 13¹

⇒ The prime factors present across all numbers are 2, 3, 7, and 13.

⇒ Highest power of 2 = 2⁴

⇒ Highest power of 3 = 3¹

⇒ Highest power of 7 = 7¹

⇒ Highest power of 13 = 13¹

⇒ LCM = 2⁴ × 3¹ × 7¹ × 13¹

⇒ LCM = 16 × 3 × 7 × 13

⇒ LCM = 48 × 91

⇒ LCM = 4368

∴ The correct answer is 4368.

Additional Information

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

It is the greatest number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers. It is obtained by multiplying the lowest powers of all common prime factors.

Relation between HCF and LCM

For any two numbers 'a' and 'b': HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b. (Note: This rule is valid only for two numbers).

LCM of Fractions

LCM of fractions = (LCM of all numerators) ÷ (HCF of all denominators).

HCF of Fractions

HCF of fractions = (HCF of all numerators) ÷ (LCM of all denominators).

Given:

The expression to evaluate is: [(23 × 12) × {6 ÷ 2 × ((18 - 12)) ÷ 2}]

Calculation:

[(23 × 12) × {6 ÷ 2 × ((18 - 12)) ÷ 2}]

⇒ [(23 × 12) × {6 ÷ 2 × (6) ÷ 2}]

⇒ [(23 × 12) × {3 × 6 ÷ 2}]

⇒ [(23 × 12) × {18 ÷ 2}]

⇒ [(23 × 12) × 9]

⇒ [276 × 9]

⇒ 2484

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

2% of x = 252

Calculation:

(2/100) × x = 252

⇒ x = (252 × 100) / 2

⇒ x = 25200 / 2

⇒ x = 12600

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Shortcut Trick

Total distance to cross = 410 + 390 = 800 m

Relative speed (same direction) = 100 − 80 = 20 km/h

Speed in m/min = 20 × (1000 ÷ 60) = 1000/3 m/min

Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 800 × (3 ÷ 1000) = 2.4 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 2.4 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of first train (L₁) = 410 m

Length of second train (L₂) = 390 m

Speed of first train (S₁) = 80 km/h

Speed of second train (S₂) = 100 km/h

Train A (410 m) 80 km/h →

Train B (390 m) 100 km/h →

Total Crossing Distance = 410 m + 390 m = 800 m

Relative Speed = 100 − 80 = 20 km/h

Formula Used:

Total Distance = L₁ + L₂

Relative Speed (Same Direction) = S₂ − S₁

Time = Total Distance ÷ Relative Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = 410 + 390 = 800 m

⇒ Relative Speed = 100 − 80 = 20 km/h

⇒ Convert speed to m/s: 20 × (5 ÷ 18) = 100/18 = 50/9 m/s

⇒ Time taken = 800 ÷ (50/9)

⇒ Time taken = (800 × 9) ÷ 50

⇒ Time taken = 16 × 9 = 144 seconds

⇒ Time in minutes = 144 ÷ 60 = 2.4 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 2.4 minutes.

Additional Information

Relative Speed

When two bodies travel in the same direction, their relative speed is calculated by taking the difference of their individual speeds (S₁ − S₂). If they travel in opposite directions, it is the sum of their speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Train Crossing Distance

When a train completely crosses another train or platform, the total distance traveled is always the sum of both their lengths (L₁ + L₂), regardless of the direction they are moving.

Speed Conversion Rule

Multiply by 5/18 to convert km/h into m/s. Conversely, multiply by 18/5 to convert m/s into km/h.

Shortcut Trick

Total simple interest percentage = Rate × Time

Total interest % = 2% × 8 = 16%

According to the given data, 16% of Principal = ₹888

⇒ 1% of Principal = 888 ÷ 16 = ₹55.5

⇒ 100% of Principal (Total Principal) = 55.5 × 100 = ₹5550

∴ The correct answer is ₹5550.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) = ₹888

Time (T) = 8 years

Rate of Interest (R) = 2% per annum

Formula Used:

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Principal (P) 100%

Simple Interest ₹888

8 years × 2%

Total Interest = 16% of P = ₹888

Calculations:

⇒ 888 = (P × 2 × 8) ÷ 100

⇒ 888 = (P × 16) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (888 × 100) ÷ 16

⇒ P = 55.5 × 100

⇒ P = 5550

∴ The correct answer is ₹5550.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Constant Rate

In simple interest, the interest is calculated only on the initial principal. The interest amount remains constant for every year if the rate and principal are unchanged.

Effective Interest Rate

The total accumulated interest over a period can be quickly calculated by multiplying the rate per annum with the number of years: Effective Rate = R × T %.

Amount Formula

The total amount at the end of the period is the sum of Principal and Simple Interest: A = P + SI = P(1 + (R × T) ÷ 100).

Shortcut Trick

Cost Price of 1 mango = 1220 ÷ 100 = ₹12.2

Profit on 1 mango = 820 ÷ 400 = ₹2.05

Selling Price of 1 mango = 12.2 + 2.05 = ₹14.25

Selling Price per dozen (12 mangoes) = 14.25 × 12 = ₹171

∴ The correct answer is ₹171.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of mangoes bought = 400

Cost of 100 mangoes = ₹1220

Total profit on selling all mangoes = ₹820

1 dozen = 12 mangoes

Formula Used:

Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit

Total CP = ₹4880 Profit = ₹820

Total SP = ₹5700

Calculations:

⇒ Total Cost Price (CP) of 400 mangoes = (1220 ÷ 100) × 400 = ₹4880

⇒ Total Selling Price (SP) of 400 mangoes = Total CP + Total Profit

⇒ Total SP = 4880 + 820 = ₹5700

⇒ Selling Price of 1 mango = 5700 ÷ 400 = ₹14.25

⇒ Selling Price of 1 dozen mangoes = 14.25 × 12 = ₹171

∴ The correct answer is ₹171.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when the Selling Price (SP) is greater than the Cost Price (CP). The actual profit amount is calculated as: Profit = SP − CP.

Profit Percentage

Profit percentage is calculated on the base of Cost Price unless stated otherwise. Formula: Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Unitary Method

It is an essential technique in arithmetic where the value of a single unit is found first, which is then multiplied to find the value of the required number of units (like finding the cost of 1 dozen from 1 piece).

The correct answer is '1' i.e. the King's school, where he study Grammar and Latin .

Key Points

• The phrase "where he study Grammar and Latin" contains a grammatical error.
• The verb "study" should be in the past tense because the sentence describes a past event.
• The correct form of the verb is "studied" to match the past context.

Correct sentence: Isaac Newton, a name that may still be seen today, cut into the wood of a window-sill at the king's school, where he studied Grammar and Latin.

Additional Information

• Verb Tense Agreement:
• In sentences describing past events, verbs must be in the past tense.
• Incorrect: "where he study"
• Correct: "where he studied"
• Sentence Context:
• The sentence refers to Isaac Newton's time at school, which is an event that occurred in the past.

The correct answer is 'absolutely'.

 

Key Points

• The word "absolutely" is used to intensify the adjective "fantastic" and is a correct collocation. (पूरी तरह से)
• Collocations are words that naturally go together, such as "absolutely fantastic" in this context.
• The other options: "elegantly," "exactly," and "warmly" do not correctly fit with "fantastic".

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: Vismi had an absolutely fantastic time at the Hyderabad Book Fair.

Additional Information

• Elegantly (सुरुचिपूर्ण तरीके से): means in a refined or tasteful manner, which does not suit this sentence.
• Exactly (ठीक-ठीक): means with precision, which does not collocate with "fantastic".
• Warmly (उष्णता से): means in a kind or affectionate manner, which is not a fit here.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. To bribe.

Key Points

• The idiom "grease the palms" means to give someone money, usually secretly, in order to persuade them to do something, especially something dishonest. (रिश्वत देना)
• Example: The businessman had to grease the palms of several officials to get the project approved.
• "To bribe" refers to the act of giving money, a gift, or other inducement to someone in a position of power to get something done dishonestly or unfairly. (रिश्वत देना)
• Example: He was caught trying to bribe the officer to avoid the penalty.
• Therefore, the idiom "grease the palms" directly relates to the act of bribing someone.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• To come to a stop (रुक जाना): To halt or cease moving or progressing.
• Example: The train came to a stop at the station.
• To bear the brunt (मुख्य भार उठाना): To endure the worst part or impact of something.
• Example: The small villages bore the brunt of the severe storm.
• To deprive one of one's power (किसी को उसकी शक्ति से वंचित करना): To strip someone of their authority or control.
• Example: The manager was deprived of his power after the scandal came to light.

The correct answer is 'farther'.

 

Key Points

• The word "farther" is used to indicate physical distance and fits the blank appropriately in this context.
• As the hikers moved deeper into the forest, they were venturing farther from civilisation, making "farther" the most suitable choice.
• The other options: "father," "feather," and "further" do not fit the context as accurately. While "further" can sometimes be interchangeable with "farther," it is generally used to indicate figurative or non-physical distances.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: As the hikers ventured farther into the dense forest, the sounds of civilisation faded away.

Additional Information

• Father (पिता): refers to a male parent and does not fit the context.
• Feather (पंख): refers to the covering of birds and is irrelevant to the sentence.
• Further (आगे): generally used for figurative or metaphorical distances, not physical ones.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Austerity).

Key Points

• The word "Osterity" is incorrect and does not have a meaning in English. (No Hindi equivalent)
• "Austerity" refers to sternness or severity in attitude, manner, or appearance. It can also mean extreme frugality or simplicity. (सादगी या कठोरता)
• Example: The monk led a life of austerity, shunning all material comforts.
• The serene "austerity" of the compound refers to its simple yet unique and charming atmosphere.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Austerity).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Asterity (कोई अर्थ नहीं): This is an incorrect spelling and has no meaning in English.
• Option 2: Ousterity (कोई अर्थ नहीं): This is also an incorrect spelling and does not exist in English.
• Option 4: Aughsterity (कोई अर्थ नहीं): Another incorrect spelling without any meaning.

The correct answer is: Verbose.

Key Points

• The word "Laconic" refers to a style of speaking or writing that is brief, concise, and to the point. (संक्षिप्त, अल्पभाषी)
• Example: His laconic response made it clear that he was not interested in the discussion.
• "Verbose" means using more words than necessary, often leading to lengthy and overly detailed communication. (अतिविस्तृत, शब्दाडंबर)
• Example: The professor’s verbose explanation confused the students instead of clarifying the topic.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Laconic' is 'Verbose'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Verbose.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Concise (संक्षिप्त): Giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words.
• Example: The report was concise and covered all the major points.
• Terse (संक्षिप्त और कठोर): Brief and to the point, sometimes appearing rude.
• Example: Her terse reply indicated that she was annoyed by the question.
• Succinct (संक्षिप्त): Expressed clearly and briefly.
• Example: His succinct explanation made the complex concept easy to understand.

The correct answer is: Merciful.

Key Points

• The word "Callous" means showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others. (क्रूर, कठोर)
• Example: His callous attitude towards the suffering of others was shocking.
• "Merciful" refers to showing or exercising mercy; being compassionate and forgiving, which is the opposite of being callous. (दयालु, क्षमाशील)
• Example: The judge was merciful and gave the offender a second chance.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Callous' is 'Merciful'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Merciful.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Apathetic (उदासीन): Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
• Example: She seemed apathetic towards the plight of the homeless.
• Insensitive (असंवेदनशील): Showing or feeling no concern for the feelings of others.
• Example: His insensitive comments hurt everyone's feelings.
• Careless (लापरवाह): Not giving sufficient attention or thought to avoiding harm or errors.
• Example: The careless driver caused a serious accident.

The correct answer is 'the'.

 

Key Points

• The word "the" is a definite article used to specify a particular noun, making it suitable in this context.
• Ladakh is shifting towards self-sufficiency in a specific market, hence "the" is the appropriate word to use.
• Other options: "these," "this," and "an" do not fit the context as accurately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: Ladakh is shifting towards self-sufficiency in the food and crop market.

Additional Information

• These: Used to refer to multiple things that are close by or already mentioned.
• This: Used to refer to a singular thing that is close by or currently being discussed.
• An: Used as an indefinite article before words starting with vowel sounds.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. "delay the decision".

Key Points

• The phrase "to take a rain check" means to politely decline an offer or invitation for now but express willingness to accept it at a later time. (बाद में स्वीकार करना)
• Example: I can't join you for lunch today, but I'll take a rain check and catch up with you next week.
• "Delay the decision" refers to postponing or deferring an action, decision, or invitation to a later time. (निर्णय को स्थगित करना)
• Example: Since I have a busy schedule tonight, I decided to delay the decision about attending the party.
• Hence, the phrase "to take a rain check" aligns with the meaning of "delay the decision".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Accept the offer (प्रस्ताव स्वीकार करना): To agree to take or receive something offered.
• Example: She was delighted to accept the offer to join the new company.
• Make the final decision (अंतिम निर्णय लेना): To come to a definite conclusion or resolution about something.
• Example: After much deliberation, he made the final decision to move abroad.
• To invite someone (किसी को आमंत्रित करना): To request someone to join or attend an event or occasion.
• Example: She decided to invite her friends to the dinner party at her home.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "arguement" is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is "argument".
• "Arguement" (Incorrect): This is a misspelling of the word "argument".
• "Argument" (Correct) means a reason or set of reasons given to support or oppose an idea, action, or theory. (तर्क)
• Example: The lawyer presented a strong argument in favor of his client.
• Hindi Meaning: तर्क
• Misspelled word: "arguement" (अमान्य शब्द). This is not a recognized spelling in English.
• Correct word: "argument" (तर्क).
• Example: She had an argument with her friend over a misunderstanding.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Misspellings (गलत वर्तनी): The act of spelling a word incorrectly.
• Example: The essay contained several misspellings, which lowered the student's grade.
• Well-reasoned (सुसंगत तर्क): Thought out and logically sound.
• Example: His well-reasoned argument convinced the jury of his innocence.
• Contained (शामिल): To have or hold something within.
• Example: The book contained valuable information on the history of art.

The correct answer is 'compared'.

 

Key Points

• The word "compared" is used to highlight the difference or similarity between two things.
• In the given sentence, terracotta production firing temperatures are being juxtaposed with other materials, making "compared" the most suitable choice.
• The other options: "harmony," "attempted," and "equated" do not fit the context appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: The firing process used in terracotta production typically requires lower temperatures compared to other ceramics and building materials like concrete or metals.

Additional Information

• Harmony: Refers to agreement or compatibility in opinions or actions, which does not suit the sentence context.
• Attempted: Refers to trying to do something, which is irrelevant here.
• Equated: Refers to considering two things as equal, which is not appropriate for comparing firing temperatures.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. "Extremely happy and excited".

Key Points

• The word "Elated" means being extremely happy and excited, often due to success or good news. (बेहद खुश और उत्साहित)
• Example: She felt elated after receiving a promotion at work.
• Correct word: "Elated" refers to a heightened state of joy or euphoria. (बेहद खुश)
• Example: He was elated to finally achieve his dream of completing the marathon.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. "Extremely happy and excited".

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Indifferent or uninterested (उदासीन या अनिच्छुक): Showing no interest or concern.
• Example: He seemed indifferent to the outcome of the game.
• Feeling tired and drained (थका हु�� और ऊर्जा विहीन): Experiencing fatigue or exhaustion.
• Example: After working all day, she felt completely drained.
• Deeply worried and anxious (गंभीर रूप से चिंतित और बेचैन): Feeling nervous or uneasy about something.
• Example: He was deeply worried about the safety of his family during the storm.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. "a drastic shift".

Key Points

• The word "drastic" means something that is extreme, severe, or very noticeable in nature. (गंभीर, अत्यधिक)
• Example: The company implemented drastic measures to cut costs and save the business.
• The word "shift" refers to a change, movement, or adjustment from one position, condition, or state to another. (परिवर्तन, बदलाव)
• Example: There has been a significant shift in public opinion regarding climate change.
• In the given sentence, "a drastic shift" accurately conveys the idea of a stark or extreme departure from the artist’s previous work, which is characterised by bold use of colour and abstract forms.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: A minor change (हल्का परिवर्तन) – Refers to a small, insignificant alteration.
• Example: The design underwent a minor change to improve functionality.
• Option 2: A subtle continuation (सूक्ष्म निरंतरता) – Refers to a slight or delicate extension or progression.
• Example: The story’s ending was a subtle continuation of its earlier themes.
• Option 3: A gentle evolution (धीरे-धीरे विकास) – Refers to a soft or gradual process of transformation or development.
• Example: Her writing style showed a gentle evolution over the years.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. The language of the foreign delegate was full extraordinary; .

Key Points

• The given sentence contains an error in part 2, where the phrase "full extraordinary" is grammatically incorrect.
• The correct expression should be "full of extraordinary", as the preposition "of" is necessary to indicate what the language was full of.
• Correct usage: "full of + noun or adjective phrase".

Correct sentence: The language of the foreign delegate was full of extraordinary ideas; only a few could understand his speech last evening.

Additional Information

• Common grammar rule: When describing something as "full," always follow it with the preposition "of" to show what it is filled with.
• Examples:
• The room was full of laughter.
• Her speech was full of passion and emotion.

The correct answer is: Harmonious.

Key Points

• The word "melodious" refers to something that produces a pleasant and harmonious sound, often associated with music or a sweet tone. (संगीतमय, मधुर)
• Example: The birds sang a melodious tune early in the morning.
• "Harmonious" means something that is tuneful and pleasing to the ear, often in agreement or compatibility. (सहगामी, मधुर)
• Example: The choir's harmonious singing created a serene atmosphere in the hall.
• Hence, "harmonious" is the most appropriate synonym for "melodious."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Harmonious.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Discordant (असंगत, बेसुरा): Refers to sounds that are harsh or jarring and lack harmony.
• Example: The discordant notes of the piano were unpleasant to hear.
• Dissonant (कर्कश, असंगत): Refers to a lack of harmony or clashing sounds.
• Example: The dissonant chords disrupted the flow of the music.
• Cacophonous (कर्कश, अप्रिय): Refers to a harsh, noisy, or unpleasant sound.
• Example: The cacophonous noise from the construction site made it difficult to concentrate.

The correct answer is 'help'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence discusses how reducing hours and optimizing shift rostering can reduce stress, burnout, and work-family conflict for healthcare workers.
• The verb “help” is the most appropriate choice here because it means to assist or contribute to achieving a positive outcome, which matches the intended meaning of the sentence.
• “Heal” refers to recovery from injury or illness and doesn’t fit the broader organizational context.
• “Hive” is a noun, typically referring to a beehive, and does not make sense in this context.
• “Host” is unrelated to the meaning of assisting or reducing issues, making it inappropriate in this sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: Reducing the hours worked and optimising shift rostering could (1) help *alleviate stress, burnout and work family (2) **_____for healthcare workers. All this is likely to improve staff retention. Any reduction (3) **____staff turnaround would save on direct costs associated (4) **_____hiring new staff. The cost to replace a highly specialised healthcare professional can reach up to 200% of their annual salary. Also, (5) *______shorter shifts may increase the uptake of shift times that are usually hard to fill. Measures like shorter shifts could also appeal to part time workers or those who have retired.

 

Additional Information

• Heal – Means to cure or make healthy again. Not suitable for systemic or operational improvements.
• Hive – A noun referring to a structure for bees or metaphorically a busy place. Grammatically and contextually incorrect here.
• Host – Usually means to accommodate or organize. It does not fit the context of reducing stress or burnout.
• Help – Correct verb that indicates assisting or contributing to alleviating a problem, which suits the sentence perfectly.

The correct answer is 'conflict'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence refers to challenges faced by healthcare workers in balancing their professional and personal lives.
• The phrase "work-family conflict" is a well-established term that describes this struggle.
• "Conflict" fits logically and grammatically, indicating tension or opposition between work duties and family responsibilities.
• Other options like "addict", "inflict", and "evict" do not make sense in this context or grammatically fit the structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: Reducing the hours worked and optimising shift rostering could (1) help alleviate stress, burnout and work family (2) conflict for healthcare workers. All this is likely to improve staff retention. Any reduction (3) ____staff turnaround would save on direct costs associated (4) _____hiring new staff. The cost to replace a highly specialised healthcare professional can reach up to 200% of their annual salary. Also, (5) _____shorter shifts may increase the uptake of shift times that are usually hard to fill. Measures like shorter shifts could also appeal to part time workers or those who have retired.

 

Additional Information

• Addict: A person who is dependent on a substance or activity—does not fit the context.
• Inflict: A verb meaning to cause harm—does not grammatically or contextually fit here.
• Evict: A verb meaning to expel someone from property—completely unrelated to the context.

The correct answer is 'in'.

 

Key Points

• The correct preposition to use with "reduction" is "in", which refers to a decrease within a category or measure.
• In the context of the sentence, "reduction in staff turnaround" implies a decrease in the rate at which staff are leaving or being replaced.
• "In" forms the correct collocation with "reduction" in formal English usage.
• Other options like "at", "off", and "about" do not fit grammatically or semantically in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: Reducing the hours worked and optimising shift rostering could (1) help alleviate stress, burnout and work family (2) conflict for healthcare workers. All this is likely to improve staff retention. Any reduction (3) in staff turnaround would save on direct costs associated (4) ____hiring new staff. The cost to replace a highly specialised healthcare professional can reach up to 200% of their annual salary. Also, (5) _____shorter shifts may increase the uptake of shift times that are usually hard to fill. Measures like shorter shifts could also appeal to part time workers or those who have retired.

 

Additional Information

• "At" is generally used for locations or points in time, not reductions.
• "Off" implies separation or detachment, which doesn't suit the meaning of decrease in staff turnover.
• "About" refers to topics or approximations and does not convey reduction accurately in this context.

The correct answer is 'with'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "associated with" is a common and grammatically correct collocation in English.
• It is used to indicate a connection or relationship between two things — in this case, between "direct costs" and "hiring new staff."
• "With" fits best in the blank to complete the phrase "associated with hiring new staff."
• Other options like "on", "about", or "behind" do not form standard or meaningful collocations in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Reducing the hours worked and optimising shift rostering could (1) help alleviate stress, burnout and work family (2) conflict for healthcare workers. All this is likely to improve staff retention. Any reduction (3) in staff turnaround would save on direct costs associated (4) with hiring new staff. The cost to replace a highly specialised healthcare professional can reach up to 200% of their annual salary. Also, (5) _____shorter shifts may increase the uptake of shift times that are usually hard to fill. Measures like shorter shifts could also appeal to part time workers or those who have retired.

 

Additional Information

• Behind: Indicates position or support, not appropriate in this grammatical context.
• About: Often indicates a topic, but does not fit idiomatically after "associated."
• On: Grammatically incorrect in this context with "associated."

The correct answer is 'implementing'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence refers to a possible action (introducing shorter shifts) that can affect shift uptake.
• The verb "implementing" correctly conveys the idea of putting a plan (shorter shifts) into action.
• "Implementing shorter shifts" is grammatically and contextually appropriate.
• Other options like "simplifying", "rectifying", and "complimenting" do not logically or grammatically fit the sentence's intent.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Reducing the hours worked and optimising shift rostering could (1) help alleviate stress, burnout and work family (2) conflict for healthcare workers. All this is likely to improve staff retention. Any reduction (3) in staff turnaround would save on direct costs associated (4) with hiring new staff. The cost to replace a highly specialised healthcare professional can reach up to 200% of their annual salary. Also, (5) implementing shorter shifts may increase the uptake of shift times that are usually hard to fill. Measures like shorter shifts could also appeal to part time workers or those who have retired.

 

Additional Information

• Simplifying: Means making something simpler, which doesn't convey the idea of starting or enforcing a policy.
• Rectifying: Means correcting something, which doesn't fit the context of introducing new work shifts.
• Complimenting: Means expressing praise, which is unrelated to scheduling shifts.

"जो सदा से चला आ रहा हो"- चिरंतन 

Key Pointsवाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द- 

• जब किसी वाक्य को कम से कम शब्दों में प्रकट किया जाता है और वह शब्द वाक्यांश के अर्थ को पूरी तरह सिद्ध करता हो तो उसे वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहते हैं, अर्थात अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

Additional Informationअन्य वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द के उदाहरण-

विदेशज शब्द नहीं हैं - 'केला'

• देशज शब्द हैं - 'केला'
• केला का अर्थ - एक प्रकार का फल जो पेड़ पर उगता है।
• विदेशज शब्द हैं - हमला, किताब, बेगम।

Mistake Points

Key Pointsविदेशज:-

• विदेशी भाषाओं से हिंदी में आये शब्दों को विदेशी या विदेशज शब्द कहा जाता है।
• इन विदेशी भाषाओं में मुख्यतः अरबी, फारसी, तुर्की, अंग्रेजी और पुर्तगाली शामिल है।
• जैसे - औरत, अदालत, कानून, कुर्सी, कीमत, गरीब, आदमी, तनख्वाह, चश्मा, अचार, चाबी, संतरा, साबुन, कैची, कलंगी, आका, कॉलेज।

Additional Informationदेशज:-

• वे शब्द जिनकी उत्पत्ति के मूल का पता न हो परन्तु वे प्रचलन में हों।
• ऐसे शब्द देशज शब्द कहलाते हैं। ये शब्द आम तौर पर क्षेत्रीय भाषा में प्रयोग किये जाते हैं।
• जैसे - लोटा, कटोरा, डोंगा, डिबिया, खिचड़ी, खिड़की, पगड़ी, अंटा, चसक, चिड़िया, जूता, ठेठ, ठुमरी, तेंदुआ, कलाई।