SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 13 Feb, 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Given interchange rules:

• ‘×’ and ‘+’ are interchanged.
• ‘−’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged.

The given equation is:

57 ÷ 9 × 50 − 5 + 2 = ?

Replace the operators with their corresponding new meanings:

57 − 9 + 50 ÷ 5 × 2 = ?

Now, we solve the equation following the BODMAS rule:

= 57 − 9 + 50 ÷ 5 × 2

= 57 − 9 + 10 × 2

= 57 − 9 + 20

= 77 - 9 = 68

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The paper will appear when unfolded,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given word: 'FROCKED'

After arranging the letters in English alphabetical order:

The new letter-cluster formed is 'CDEFKOR'.

Third letter from the left: 'E'

Second letter from the right: 'O'

Letters between 'E' and 'O' in the English alphabetical order are 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N'.

There are 9 letters between 'E' and 'O' in the English alphabetical order.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: The consistent pattern observed is: +4, +2, +2, +2 for each letter position.

Let's verify this logic with the given examples:

For 'XUOF' related to 'BWQH':

For 'DWQI' related to 'HYSK':

Applying the same logic to 'VAPD':

Thus, 'VAPD' will be coded as ZCRF.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is.

Logic: (Sum of reverse positional values of letters) × 2.

Let's consider the reverse positional values (A=26, B=25, ... Z=1).

For JRZQ:

Sum of reverse positional values = 17 + 9 + 1 + 10 = 37

Code = 37 × 2 = 74.

For LOBT:

Sum of reverse positional values = 15 + 12 + 25 + 7 = 59

Code = 59 × 2 = 118.

Similarly, let's find the code for XGCF:

Sum of reverse positional values = 3 + 20 + 24 + 21 = 68

Code = 68 × 2 = 136

Therefore, the code for 'XGCF' is 136.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is,

Given,

 BDGI_GJLH_MOKM_RNP

When "Option 4" fills in the blanks in the same sequence, it will make the series logically complete.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given code language is:

Thus, 'N' is coded as '6'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given: Seven people L, M, N, O, P, Q and R are sitting in a straight line facing the north (but not necessarily in the same order) .

M is sitting at one of the ends of the line.

P is sitting to the immediate right of M.

N is sitting to the immediate right of P and the immediate left of L.

Q is sitting to the immediate right of O and the immediate left of R.

L is sitting to the immediate right of N.

P is sitting between M and N.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: every figure in the box move one place in the anticlockwise direction.

First and last letter change alternatily.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given Expression: O / M : I ! T < S

O / M: O is the father of M.

M : I: M is the wife of I.

I ! T: I is the brother of T.

T < S: T is the son of S.

According to the given information Family Tree Representation:

Relationship between O and S: O is the father of M. M is the wife of I. I is the son of S.

Therefore, O is the Son's wife's father of S (meaning, O is the father of S's son's wife).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"

Given Statements:

All pumps are motors.

All pumps are machines.

All engines are machines.

The least possible Venn diagrams for the given statement are:

Conclusions:

I. All engines are motors - False (There is no direct connection established between engines and motors in the statements that guarantees all engines are motors.)

II. Some machines are motors - True (Since all pumps are motors and all pumps are machines, it logically follows that some machines must be motors. The area representing 'Pumps' is common to both 'Machines' and 'Motors', ensuring an intersection.)

So, Only conclusion II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): OXG

Option (2): AJS

Option (3): VEM

Option (4): KTC

 

Options (1), (2), and (4) follow the pattern of "add 9, then add 9".

However, option (3) follows a different pattern of "add 9, then add 8".

The letter-cluster that DOES NOT belong to the group is: VEM

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)"

Given, Eight people are sitting in two parallel rows containing 4 people each, in such a way that there is equal distance between adjacent persons.

In row 1 – G, I, F and T are seated and all of them are facing south.

In row 2 – B, O, N and D are seated and all of them are facing north.

Thus each person faces another person from the other row.

No one sits to the right of B.

Only two people sit between N and B.

The one facing O sits second to the right of the one facing B.

I sits to the immediate right of F.

G sits to the immediate right of I and doesn't face O.

T and D sit at the remaining place according to thier direction.

From the options, T and N are sitting at the extreme ends of the rows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct option figure in which the given figure (X) is embedded as its part is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 'UVB' will be the next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed in this pattern involves a consistent alphabetical shift for each letter position:

• Each letter shifts -11 positions backward in the English alphabetical order. (Wrapping around from A to Z as needed).

Let's verify this logic with the given examples:

For 'SOMI' related to 'HDBX':

For 'NJHD' related to 'CYWS':

The consistent pattern observed is: -11, -11, -11, -11 for each letter position.

Applying the same logic to 'YUSO':

Thus, 'YUSO' will be coded as NJHD.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

As C is common in both dice.

Moving clockwise from the Common letter C,

Opposite pairs.

O ⇔ E

S ⇔ L

The remaining letter is V, so

C ⇔V

Thus, the opposite face of V is C.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct Venn diagram representation is,

Explanation:

Birds are a larger category, and Eagles are a type of bird.

Therefore, Eagles are entirely contained within the 'Bird' circle.

A House is a completely separate entity and has no relationship with either Eagles or Birds.

So, the 'House' circle remains separate from the other two.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is Vasudeva.

Key Points

• The Kanva dynasty was established by Vasudeva, who was a minister in the court of the last Shunga ruler, Devabhuti.
• Vasudeva is credited with overthrowing the Shunga dynasty and establishing the Kanva rule around 73 BCE.
• The Kanvas ruled from 73 BCE to 28 BCE and were considered successors of the Shungas in the Magadha region.
• The Kanvas, like their predecessors, were Brahmanical rulers and continued to uphold Vedic traditions.
• The Kanva dynasty was ultimately defeated by the Satavahanas, marking the end of their rule.

Additional Information

• Shunga Dynasty:
• The Shunga dynasty preceded the Kanvas and was founded by Pushyamitra Shunga after the fall of the Mauryan Empire.
• It lasted from around 185 BCE to 73 BCE and was marked by the revival of Brahmanical traditions.
• Transition to Kanva Rule:
• The last Shunga ruler, Devabhuti, was known for his weak leadership, leading to his assassination by Vasudeva.
• The Kanva dynasty emerged as a short-lived but significant successor to the Shungas.
• Satavahana Dynasty:
• The Satavahanas were a prominent South Indian dynasty that eventually overthrew the Kanvas.
• They are credited with re-establishing political stability in the Deccan region after the fall of the Kanvas.
• Magadha:
• Magadha served as the central region of power for successive dynasties, including the Mauryas, Shungas, and Kanvas.
• It remained a significant political and cultural hub in ancient India.

The correct answer is Chief Minister of the State.

Key Points

• Zonal Councils are statutory bodies established under the States Reorganization Act of 1956 to foster cooperation and coordination between states.
• Each Zonal Council is chaired by the Union Home Minister, while the Chief Minister of the state acts as the Vice Chairman on a rotational basis for one year.
• The rotation of Vice Chairmanship ensures equal representation of states within the concerned zone.
• There are five Zonal Councils in India: Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, and Southern, with each covering specific states and union territories.
• The Vice Chairman plays a key role in facilitating dialogue among member states to resolve inter-state issues and promote regional development.

Additional Information

• Zonal Councils
• These councils were created under Part III of the States Reorganization Act, 1956.
• The councils aim to resolve disputes, facilitate communication, and ensure balanced socio-economic development across states.
• They are advisory in nature and do not have legislative or executive powers.
• Inter-State Council
• It is a constitutional body established under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution.
• The council aims to investigate and discuss subjects of common interest between states and the center.
• Unlike Zonal Councils, it addresses broader issues affecting multiple states across India.
• Union Home Minister's Role
• The Union Home Minister serves as the Chairman of all Zonal Councils.
• As Chairman, the Home Minister ensures coordination between states and the central government.
• States Reorganization Act, 1956
• This act was responsible for the linguistic reorganization of states in India.
• It also led to the creation of Zonal Councils as a mechanism for fostering cooperation among states.

The correct answer is zero.

Key Points

• Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
• When an object is moving with constant speed in a straight line, its velocity remains unchanged over time.
• Since there is no change in velocity, the acceleration of the object is zero.
• Constant speed and straight-line motion imply no external force is causing a change in the object's velocity.
• This aligns with Newton's First Law of Motion, which states that an object will remain in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Additional Information

• Velocity: It is a vector quantity that describes the speed of an object in a specific direction.
• Acceleration: The rate at which an object’s velocity changes, calculated using the formula: a = Δv / Δt, where Δv is the change in velocity and Δt is the change in time.
• Newton’s First Law: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
• Uniform Motion: When an object travels equal distances in equal intervals of time without changing its speed or direction.
• Non-Uniform Motion: When an object’s speed or direction changes, resulting in non-zero acceleration.

The correct answer is Atmaram Pandurang.

Key Points

• Atmaram Pandurang was the founder of the Prarthana Samaj, established in 1867 in Bombay (now Mumbai).
• The Prarthana Samaj was inspired by the Brahmo Samaj, which advocated social and religious reform.
• It aimed to promote social reforms, such as the abolition of caste discrimination and child marriage, and encourage widow remarriage.
• Atmaram Pandurang was supported by prominent reformers like Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar.
• The organization emphasized monotheism, promoting a belief in one God while rejecting idol worship and rituals.

Additional Information

• Prarthana Samaj:
• The term "Prarthana" means prayer. The organization focused on spiritual upliftment and ethical teachings.
• It worked towards the upliftment of women and advocated for their education and rights.
• The Samaj was influenced by the teachings of the Upanishads and reformist ideas of the Brahmo Samaj.
• Atmaram Pandurang:
• He was a physician by profession and a leading social reformer in Maharashtra.
• He played a key role in initiating reform movements that addressed superstitious beliefs and social evils.
• Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade:
• Ranade was a prominent figure in the Prarthana Samaj and supported its reformist agenda.
• He emphasized the importance of education and economic development in social progress.
• Brahmo Samaj:
• Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, it was a reformist movement that influenced the Prarthana Samaj.
• It advocated for monotheism, social reforms, and the rejection of caste discrimination.

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points

• Titas Sadhu is a talented Indian cricketer, primarily known for her performances in women’s cricket as a bowler.
• She gained recognition for her contribution to India’s U-19 Women’s Cricket Team in various national and international tournaments.
• Titas has been lauded for her ability to bowl at consistent speeds with accuracy, making her a promising prospect in Indian cricket.
• She played a crucial role in India’s victory in the inaugural ICC U-19 Women’s T20 World Cup held in 2023, where India defeated England in the final.
• In the final match, she delivered an exceptional performance, taking key wickets and contributing significantly to India’s historic win.

Additional Information

• ICC U-19 Women’s T20 World Cup 2023
• This was the inaugural edition of the ICC U-19 Women’s T20 World Cup, held in South Africa in January 2023.
• India won the tournament by defeating England in the final, marking a significant milestone in women’s cricket.
• Titas Sadhu emerged as one of the standout performers in the final match with her disciplined bowling.
• The tournament showcased young talents from various countries, promoting the growth of women’s cricket globally.
• Bowling Techniques
• Titas Sadhu is primarily a medium-fast bowler, known for her ability to swing the ball effectively.
• She combines pace and precision, making her a crucial asset in both powerplay and death overs.
• Her tactical approach to bowling, including variations in line and length, has been widely appreciated by cricket experts.
• Women’s Cricket in India
• Over the years, women’s cricket in India has gained significant attention due to the efforts of players like Mithali Raj, Jhulan Goswami, and Smriti Mandhana.
• The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has been actively promoting women’s cricket through initiatives such as the Women’s Premier League (WPL).
• Young players like Titas Sadhu are considered the future of Indian women’s cricket, inspiring the next generation of cricketers.
• Role of Cricket Academies
• Cricket academies in India, such as the National Cricket Academy (NCA), play a vital role in nurturing young talents like Titas Sadhu.
• These academies provide professional coaching, exposure to competitive matches, and access to advanced training facilities.
• Such structured training programs have contributed to the emergence of skilled players in Indian cricket.

The correct answer is Kanyakumari.

Key Points

• 'Race Across India,' Asia's longest-ever cycle race, culminated at Kanyakumari in March 2023.
• The race covered a total distance of approximately 3,655 kilometers, starting from Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir.
• It was officially recognized by the World Ultra Cycling Association (WUCA).
• The event aimed to promote fitness, cycling culture, and awareness about sustainable transportation in India.
• The race spanned across multiple states, highlighting India's diverse geography and culture, and concluded at the southernmost tip of the Indian mainland, Kanyakumari.

Additional Information

• Kanyakumari is the southernmost tip of mainland India and a popular tourist destination known for its beaches, Vivekananda Rock Memorial, and the confluence of three seas – the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean.
• World Ultra Cycling Association (WUCA) is an international governing body that oversees ultra-distance cycling events, ensuring they meet global standards and provide recognition to athletes.
• The concept of ultra-distance cycling involves covering long distances, usually over hundreds or thousands of kilometers, and is a test of endurance and mental strength.
• Srinagar, the starting point of the race, is located in Jammu & Kashmir and is known for its scenic beauty, Dal Lake, and houseboats, making it an iconic location for such events.
• Events like 'Race Across India' are part of a larger global trend to encourage physical activity, reduce carbon footprints, and promote eco-friendly modes of transportation such as cycling.

The correct answer is New Technology.

Key Points

• Modernisation in a five-year plan refers to the adoption of new technology to improve productivity and efficiency across sectors in the economy.
• It involves replacing outdated or traditional technologies with advanced and innovative systems to meet global standards.
• This goal focuses on enhancing industrial output, agricultural practices, healthcare, and infrastructure through technological advancements.
• Modernisation is essential for achieving long-term economic growth and competitiveness in a globalised market.
• Examples include adopting renewable energy technologies, mechanised farming equipment, and digital transformation in governance and businesses.

Additional Information

• Five-Year Plans:
• The Five-Year Plans were centralised and integrated national economic programs in India, starting from 1951.
• These plans aimed at achieving various objectives, including growth, self-reliance, modernisation, and equity.
• The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating and overseeing these plans until its replacement by NITI Aayog in 2015.
• Importance of Technology in Economic Growth:
• Technological advancements help in reducing production costs and increasing output.
• They enable innovation, improve quality, and foster competitiveness in domestic and international markets.
• Examples include Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and biotechnology.
• Modernisation and Agriculture:
• Modernisation in agriculture involves the use of hybrid seeds, irrigation systems, and mechanised equipment.
• It helps in increasing yield, reducing dependency on manual labour, and ensuring food security.
• Challenges of Modernisation:
• High costs of adopting new technology may lead to inequality between developed and underdeveloped regions.
• It requires skilled manpower, which necessitates investment in education and training.
• Environmental concerns arise due to industrialisation and energy usage.

The correct answer is 1990-91.

Key Points

• The National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) was launched in India during 1990-91.
• The project was initiated under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation to address critical challenges in rainfed agriculture.
• NWDPRA focuses on integrated watershed management to enhance soil conservation, water resource management, and agricultural productivity.
• This program aims to ensure sustainable development in rainfed areas by addressing ecological, socio-economic, and institutional factors.
• It is one of the key initiatives by the government to promote agricultural sustainability and rural development in areas with limited irrigation facilities.

Additional Information

• Rainfed Agriculture
• Rainfed agriculture refers to farming practices that rely solely on rainfall for water supply, rather than irrigation systems.
• It constitutes about 60% of India's total cropped area, making it a critical aspect of the nation's agricultural economy.
• Rainfed areas often face challenges like soil erosion, water scarcity, and low productivity due to inconsistent rainfall.
• Watershed Management
• Watershed management is the process of conserving and utilizing water resources in a defined geographical area known as a watershed.
• It involves activities like soil conservation, afforestation, and water harvesting to enhance sustainability.
• Integrated watershed management helps in improving agricultural output and restoring ecological balance.
• Objectives of NWDPRA
• To achieve sustainable agricultural development in rainfed regions through integrated watershed management.
• To improve soil health, water availability, and crop productivity in drought-prone and rainfed areas.
• To promote community participation and capacity building for effective resource management.
• Government Initiatives for Rainfed Areas
• The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has launched various programs like National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) to support rainfed farming.
• Technologies like rainwater harvesting and crop diversification are being promoted in these regions.
• Collaborative efforts with state governments and local bodies are essential for the success of these initiatives.

The correct answer is Maldives.

Key Points

• As per the 2024 data published by Worldometer, the Maldives has the highest percentage of urban population among India's neighboring countries.
• The Maldives is a small island nation with 100% urban population, as all its inhabited islands are classified as urban areas.
• The country’s population is concentrated in urban centers like the capital city Malé, which accounts for a significant portion of the total population.
• The Maldives has a unique geographic structure with limited land, which influences its urbanization trends and high population density in urban areas.
• This contrasts with neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka, which have predominantly rural populations.

Additional Information

• Urbanization:
• Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of a country's population living in urban areas.
• It often reflects economic development, industrialization, and modernization.
• Urban areas typically feature better access to infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
• Geography of Maldives:
• The Maldives is an archipelago consisting of 1,192 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls in the Indian Ocean.
• Its small land area and low elevation make it vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels.
• All inhabited islands are urbanized due to the compact nature of settlements.
• Urban Population in South Asia:
• South Asia includes countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.
• Most South Asian countries have predominantly rural populations, except the Maldives.
• Urbanization rates vary significantly depending on economic development and geographic factors.
• Worldometer:
• Worldometer is a popular data platform that provides up-to-date statistics on demographics, population, and other global indicators.
• It is widely referenced for accurate and real-time global data.

The correct answer is Rigveda.

Key Points

• The Rigveda is considered the oldest among the four Vedas and is composed of hymns praising various deities.
• It mentions dance (Nrti) and danseuse (Nrtu) as part of its descriptions of cultural practices and rituals.
• Dance and music were integral aspects of Vedic rituals and cultural expressions during the Rigvedic period.
• The Rigveda primarily focuses on spiritual hymns but also provides insights into social and artistic practices.
• References to Nrti (dance) and Nrtu (danseuse) highlight the significance of performing arts in ancient Vedic society.

Additional Information

• Vedas:
• The Vedas are the most ancient religious texts of India and are considered the foundation of Hindu philosophy.
• There are four Vedas: Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda.
• Each Veda is divided into four parts: Samhitas (hymns), Brahmanas (rituals), Aranyakas (theology), and Upanishads (philosophy).
• Rigveda:
• The Rigveda consists of 1,028 hymns organized into ten books (mandalas).
• It is primarily composed in Sanskrit and is one of the oldest known texts in human history.
• The hymns are dedicated to various deities such as Agni (fire), Indra (rain and thunder), and Varuna (cosmic order).
• Performing Arts in Vedic Era:
• Dance, music, and drama were significant elements of Vedic rituals and ceremonies.
• Nrti (dance) and Nrtu (danseuse) symbolize the cultural and artistic expressions during the Rigvedic period.
• Music was often used in the chanting of Vedic hymns to invoke deities.
• Samaveda and Music:
• Although the Rigveda mentions dance, the Samaveda is more closely associated with music and chanting.
• The Samaveda focuses on melodies and chants that accompany rituals and ceremonies.

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Ishira and Maulik Shah are renowned performers and proponents of the Kathak dance form.
• The duo jointly received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2018, which is one of the highest national recognitions in performing arts.
• Kathak is a classical dance form from North India, known for its intricate footwork, swift spins, and expressive gestures.
• The award recognizes their dedication and contribution to preserving and promoting Kathak as an art form.
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi Award is presented by India’s National Academy for Music, Dance, and Drama to individuals for outstanding achievements in these fields.

Additional Information

• Kathak Dance
• Kathak originates from the word “Katha,” meaning “story” in Sanskrit.
• It is traditionally performed by storytellers called Kathakars who narrate tales through dance and expressions.
• Kathak has three primary gharanas (styles): Lucknow, Jaipur, and Banaras, each with distinct techniques and emphasis.
• It incorporates elements of both Hindu and Muslim cultures, including temple dances and Mughal court performances.
• Its rhythmic patterns are often accompanied by tabla and harmonium, showcasing complex musical synchronization.
• Sangeet Natak Akademi
• Established in 1952, it is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• The Akademi promotes and preserves India’s performing arts, including music, dance, and drama.
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi Award is regarded as the highest recognition for performing artists in India.
• The award covers various forms of performing arts, including folk, tribal, and classical traditions.
• Other Classical Dance Forms of India
• India has 8 recognized classical dance forms, including Bharatnatyam, Odissi, Kuchipudi, and Kathak.
• Each dance form represents the cultural heritage of its region and is steeped in traditions and spiritual significance.
• These dances are often performed during festivals, religious ceremonies, and cultural events.

The correct answer is Amrit Mohan Prasad.

Key Points

• Amrit Mohan Prasad was appointed as the Director General of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) in September 2024.
• Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) is one of India's Central Armed Police Forces, primarily responsible for guarding India's borders with Nepal and Bhutan.
• Amrit Mohan Prasad is a senior Indian Police Service (IPS) officer with extensive experience in border security and internal policing.
• The Director General is the highest-ranking officer in the SSB and is responsible for operational command, administration, and strategic decision-making.
• This appointment aligns with the government’s focus on enhancing border security and ensuring effective management of the forces.

Additional Information

• Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB):
• SSB was established in 1963 following the Sino-Indian War to strengthen India's border security.
• The force operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and is deployed along the borders of Nepal and Bhutan.
• The SSB's motto is "Service, Security, and Brotherhood."
• Role of the Director General:
• The DG oversees policy formulation, operational readiness, and resource management of the force.
• Key responsibilities include coordination with the Ministry of Home Affairs and ensuring inter-agency collaboration for border security.
• Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs):
• India has seven CAPFs: CRPF, BSF, ITBP, CISF, SSB, NSG, and Assam Rifles.
• Each force has a specific mandate such as border security, internal security, or counter-insurgency operations.
• India’s Border Security Strategy:
• Focuses on deploying advanced technology like drones, surveillance systems, and intelligence-sharing mechanisms.
• Emphasizes coordination between CAPFs and the Indian Army for robust border management.

The correct answer is Telangana.

Key Points

• Tamilisai Soundararajan served as the Governor of Telangana from September 2019.
• She was appointed as the first woman Governor of Telangana after the state's formation in 2014.
• During her tenure, she also held additional charge as the Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry starting February 2021.
• Before her political career, Tamilisai Soundararajan was actively involved in medical practice and served as a gynecologist.
• She resigned from the governorship to contest the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, marking her return to active politics.

Additional Information

• Role of a Governor:
• The Governor is the constitutional head of a state in India, appointed by the President of India.
• The Governor's primary responsibility is to ensure that the state government functions within the framework of the Constitution.
• The Governor has powers such as giving assent to bills, summoning and dissolving the state legislature, and appointing the Chief Minister.
• Telangana:
• Telangana is the 29th state of India, officially formed on 2nd June 2014, after its separation from Andhra Pradesh.
• Its capital city is Hyderabad, which is also the shared capital with Andhra Pradesh for a period of 10 years.
• Telangana is known for its rich history, culture, and economic contributions, particularly in the IT and agriculture sectors.
• 2024 Lok Sabha Elections:
• The Lok Sabha is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, and elections are held every five years to elect its members.
• The 2024 elections will decide the composition of the 18th Lok Sabha.
• It is expected to witness significant political activity, with leaders like Tamilisai Soundararajan contesting for seats.
• Women in Governance:
• Women have played significant roles in Indian politics, with leaders like Indira Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu, and others making impactful contributions.
• The appointment of women as Governors and Chief Ministers has been a step toward gender inclusivity in governance.
• As of 2023, there has been an increasing focus on promoting women’s participation in political and administrative roles.

The correct answer is Jharkhand.

Key Points

• According to the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023, Jharkhand recorded the highest percentage of poor people among all Indian states.
• The MPI measures poverty not only in terms of income but also based on multiple deprivations such as health, education, and living standards.
• 42.2% of Jharkhand's population was identified as multidimensionally poor, reflecting significant challenges in access to basic services.
• States like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh followed Jharkhand closely in terms of high poverty percentages.
• The MPI 2023 is part of India's commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Goal 1: No Poverty.

Additional Information

• National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):
• The MPI is a comprehensive measure of poverty that goes beyond income levels and evaluates multiple factors such as health, education, and standard of living.
• It was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
• The index is aligned with India's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Key Indicators of MPI:
• Health indicators include nutrition and child mortality.
• Education indicators evaluate years of schooling and school attendance.
• Living standards are assessed based on factors like access to electricity, drinking water, sanitation, housing, and cooking fuel.
• India's MPI Progress:
• India has made significant strides in reducing poverty, with 415 million people exiting multidimensional poverty between 2005-06 and 2019-21.
• Despite these advances, some states like Jharkhand continue to face persistent challenges.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
• SDG 1 focuses on eradicating poverty in all its forms worldwide.
• The MPI is an essential tool for tracking progress toward this goal.

The correct answer is Private Goods.

Key Points

• Private goods are goods that are excludable, meaning individuals can be prevented from using them if they do not pay.
• Private goods are also rivalrous, as one person's consumption reduces the availability for others.
• Examples of private goods include food, clothing, cars, and housing.
• These goods are primarily provided through markets and are subject to the forces of supply and demand.
• Private goods contrast with public goods, which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous.

Additional Information

• Public Goods
• These are goods that are non-excludable (cannot prevent usage) and non-rivalrous (usage by one does not reduce availability to others).
• Examples include national defense, street lighting, and public parks.
• Public goods are often provided by governments due to market failure in supplying them adequately.
• Merit Goods
• These are goods that the government believes individuals undervalue and under-consume, such as education and healthcare.
• Merit goods are often subsidized or provided for free by the government.
• Free Rider Problem
• Occurs when individuals benefit from resources, goods, or services without paying for them.
• This is a common issue with public goods as people cannot be excluded from usage.
• Excludability
• A property of goods where access can be restricted to paying consumers.
• Private goods are excludable, while public goods are not.

The correct answer is hemosiderosis.

Key Points

• Hemosiderosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of iron (hemosiderin) in the tissues, especially in organs like the liver, lungs, and spleen.
• It is generally caused by excessive iron intake, frequent blood transfusions, or conditions such as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
• The buildup of iron in the liver disrupts its normal function, leading to potential liver damage and conditions like cirrhosis.
• Hemosiderosis is distinct from hemochromatosis, as it is not always associated with tissue damage, although prolonged iron overload can lead to complications.
• Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a liver biopsy to confirm iron deposits.

Additional Information

• Hemosiderin: A protein compound that stores iron in cells. Excessive hemosiderin can accumulate in tissues, leading to hemosiderosis.
• Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder where the body absorbs too much iron from the diet, which can lead to organ damage.
• Iron Overload Causes: Common causes include repeated blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron, and certain hereditary conditions.
• Symptoms of Iron Overload: Fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, organ dysfunction (e.g., liver or heart).
• Treatment: Management includes chelation therapy (removing excess iron) or phlebotomy (removing blood to reduce iron levels), depending on the underlying cause.

The correct answer is Mridangam.

Key Points

• Dakshinamurthy Pillai was a renowned Indian musician known for his exceptional mastery of the Mridangam, a traditional South Indian percussion instrument.
• He belonged to the Carnatic music tradition and contributed significantly to enhancing the role of rhythm in classical music performances.
• As a virtuoso, Pillai was recognized for his innovative techniques and rhythmic intricacies, which earned him widespread acclaim.
• He collaborated with several legendary Carnatic musicians, enriching the musical experiences through his dynamic and expressive Mridangam playing.
• Dakshinamurthy Pillai's contributions remain integral to the evolution and popularity of percussion instruments in Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Mridangam
• It is a double-headed percussion instrument primarily used in Carnatic music performances.
• The body of the Mridangam is made of wood, and the two drum heads are made of animal skin, tuned to produce distinct pitches.
• The instrument is played using the fingers and palms, producing complex rhythmic patterns known as tala.
• It is considered the "king of percussion instruments" in South Indian classical music.
• Mridangam serves as the primary rhythmic accompaniment to vocal and instrumental music in Carnatic performances.
• Carnatic Music
• It is a classical music tradition originating from South India, emphasizing vocal music.
• Carnatic music compositions are typically structured around ragas (melodic frameworks) and talas (rhythmic cycles).
• Prominent composers such as Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Syama Sastri contributed extensively to the Carnatic repertoire.
• Mridangam, along with instruments like violin, veena, and ghatam, plays a pivotal role in Carnatic music ensembles.
• Role of Percussion in Indian Classical Music
• Percussion instruments like Mridangam, Tabla, and Ghatam are vital for maintaining rhythm and enhancing musical dynamics.
• They provide the framework for improvisation, interaction, and synchronization between musicians.
• Rhythmic cycles, or talas, are a defining feature of Indian classical music, with percussion instruments at their core.
• Skillful percussionists like Dakshinamurthy Pillai have elevated the artistic and technical standards of rhythm in Indian music.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• The Dhrang Fair is celebrated annually in Gujarat in honour of Saint Mekran Dada.
• This fair is held in the village of Dhrang, which is located near Bhuj in the Kutch district of Gujarat.
• It is a two-day festival that includes religious rituals, cultural performances, and community gatherings.
• The fair attracts devotees and visitors who come to pay homage and participate in rituals associated with Saint Mekran Dada.
• Saint Mekran Dada is highly revered in Kutch for his spiritual contributions and teachings.

Additional Information

• Kutch District:
• Kutch is the largest district in India by area and is located in the western state of Gujarat.
• It is known for its vibrant culture, handicrafts, and the famous Rann of Kutch salt marsh.
• The district hosts various fairs and festivals, including the Rann Utsav and Dhrang Fair.
• Saint Mekran Dada:
• Saint Mekran Dada was a spiritual leader and is remembered for his teachings of harmony and devotion.
• His shrine in Dhrang serves as a place of pilgrimage for devotees.
• The rituals performed during the fair commemorate his legacy and teachings.
• Religious Fairs in Gujarat:
• Gujarat hosts several religious fairs, such as the Tarnetar Fair, Bhavnath Mahadev Fair, and Vautha Mela.
• These fairs reflect the state's rich cultural heritage and diverse religious practices.
• Cultural Significance:
• The Dhrang Fair provides a platform to celebrate local traditions, music, and dance.
• It fosters a sense of community and preserves the region's cultural identity.

The correct answer is Evaporation.

Key Points

• Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gaseous state, commonly referred to as water vapour.
• This process primarily occurs due to the heat energy from the Sun, which provides sufficient energy for water molecules to escape into the atmosphere.
• Evaporation is a crucial part of the water cycle, enabling the movement of water from Earth's surface to the atmosphere.
• It mainly takes place over large water bodies such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, but can also occur on moist surfaces like soil and plants.
• Factors like temperature, wind speed, and humidity significantly influence the rate of evaporation.

Additional Information

• Water Cycle:
• The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere.
• Key processes include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
• This cycle is essential for maintaining Earth's water balance and supporting life.
• Condensation:
• Condensation is the process where water vapour in the atmosphere cools and changes back into liquid form.
• This process leads to the formation of clouds, fog, and dew.
• Precipitation:
• Precipitation occurs when condensed water vapour in clouds falls back to Earth due to gravity.
• Common forms include rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
• Transpiration:
• Transpiration is the release of water vapour from plants into the atmosphere through tiny pores called stomata.
• This process contributes to the overall amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.

The correct answer is Article 23.

Key Points

• Article 23 of the Indian Constitution explicitly prohibits trafficking in human beings, "begar" (forced labour), and other similar forms of forced exploitation.
• This provision is a part of the Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution, ensuring the protection of individual dignity and liberty.
• Any contravention of this article is a punishable offense under law, as per the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and other relevant legislations.
• The prohibition applies not only to the State but also to private individuals and organizations, ensuring a comprehensive safeguard.
• Article 23 also provides an exception for compulsory service for public purposes (e.g., military service, disaster relief), provided it does not discriminate based on religion, race, caste, or class.

Additional Information

• Trafficking in Human Beings
• It refers to the illegal trade of humans, typically for forced labour, sexual exploitation, or other forms of servitude.
• India has enacted laws like the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, to combat human trafficking.
• The government has also launched initiatives like the "Ujjawala Scheme" to rescue and rehabilitate victims of trafficking.
• Begar or Forced Labour
• Begar refers to a practice where individuals are compelled to work without any payment.
• It was historically used in colonial India but is now prohibited under Article 23.
• The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, was enacted to eliminate bonded labour in India.
• Fundamental Rights
• Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35).
• They are justiciable, meaning they can be enforced through courts.
• Article 23 is a part of the Right against Exploitation, which also includes Article 24 (Prohibition of Child Labour).
• Relevant Case Laws
• In the People’s Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India (1982), the Supreme Court clarified that "forced labour" includes not only physical coercion but also economic and social constraints.
• In the Bandhua Mukti Morcha case (1984), the Court emphasized the role of the State in eradicating bonded labour.

Shortcut Trick

For 2 years, Principal (P) can be calculated directly using the Simple Interest (SI) and Compound Interest (CI):

P = (SI)² ÷ [4 × (CI − SI)]

⇒ P = (42 × 42) ÷ [4 × (63 − 42)]

⇒ P = 1764 ÷ (4 × 21)

⇒ P = 1764 ÷ 84 = 21

∴ The correct answer is ₹21.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) for 2 years = ₹42

Compound Interest (CI) for 2 years = ₹63

P

1st Yr SI = 21

2nd Yr SI = 21

Diff = 21 R% R% R% Total SI = 21 + 21 = 42 | Total CI = 21 + 21 + 21 = 63

Formula & Concept Used:

SI is the same for each year. CI includes interest calculated on the previous year's interest.

Calculations:

⇒ SI for 1 year = 42 ÷ 2 = ₹21

⇒ Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = 63 − 42 = ₹21

⇒ This difference (₹21) is the simple interest earned on the 1st year's interest (₹21) over 1 year.

⇒ Rate of Interest (R) = (Interest ÷ Principal) × 100

⇒ R = (21 ÷ 21) × 100 = 100%

⇒ Now, calculating for the initial Principal (P):

⇒ SI for 1 year = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ 21 = (P × 100 × 1) ÷ 100

⇒ P = ₹21

∴ The correct answer is ₹21.

Additional Information

CI and SI Difference for 2 Years

Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)², where P is the principal amount and R is the rate of interest.

CI and SI Difference for 3 Years

Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)² × [(300 + R) ÷ 100]. This is widely tested in direct formula-based questions.

Rate of Interest from 2 Years CI & SI

Rate (R) = [2 × (CI − SI) ÷ SI] × 100%. Use this to find the rate directly without knowing the principal.

Shortcut Trick

If four numbers a, b, c, d are in proportion, the fourth proportional d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Here, a = 4, b = 12, and c = 20.

⇒ Fourth proportional = (12 × 20) ÷ 4

⇒ 240 ÷ 4 = 60

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Alternate Method

Given:

The first three numbers are 4, 12, and 20.

Formula Used:

If a, b, c, and d are in proportion (a : b :: c : d), then the Product of Extremes equals the Product of Means.

⇒ a × d = b × c

Product of Extremes (4 × x)

Product of Means (12 × 20)

4

:

12

::

20

:

x

Calculations:

Let the fourth proportional be x.

⇒ 4 : 12 :: 20 : x

⇒ 4 × x = 12 × 20

⇒ 4x = 240

⇒ x = 240 ÷ 4

⇒ x = 60

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two quantities a and b is calculated using the formula √(a × b).

Third Proportional

If three numbers a, b, and c are in continued proportion (a : b :: b : c), then c is the third proportional, given by the formula c = b² ÷ a.

Continued Proportion

Quantities a, b, and c are in continued proportion when the ratio of the first to the second equals the ratio of the second to the third (a/b = b/c).

Shortcut Trick

Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair = 1 unit.

Total SP of 150 chairs = 150 units, Profit = SP of 50 chairs = 50 units.

Cost Price (CP) = SP − Profit = 150 − 50 = 100 units.

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 = (50 ÷ 100) × 100 = 50%.

∴ The correct answer is 50%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of chairs sold = 150

Gain = Selling Price of 50 chairs

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = Selling Price (SP) − Gain

Gain % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100

CP = 100

Gain = 50

Total SP = 150

Calculations:

⇒ Let the Selling Price of 1 chair be 1 unit.

⇒ Total Selling Price of 150 chairs = 150 units.

⇒ Total Gain = Selling Price of 50 chairs = 50 units.

⇒ Cost Price of 150 chairs = Total Selling Price − Total Gain

⇒ CP = 150 − 50 = 100 units.

⇒ Profit Percentage = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Profit Percentage = (50 ÷ 100) × 100 = 50%

∴ The correct answer is 50%.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when the Selling Price (SP) is greater than the Cost Price (CP). Profit = SP − CP.

Loss Scenario

Loss occurs when the Cost Price (CP) is greater than the Selling Price (SP). Loss = CP − SP.

Percentage Calculations

Both Profit % and Loss % are always calculated on the base of the Cost Price (CP) unless specifically mentioned otherwise. Percentage = (Value ÷ CP) × 100.

Shortcut Trick

When amounts after compound interest are equal, the ratio of shares is inversely proportional to the compounded interest factors.

Ratio of Shan's share to Piyush's share = (1 + R/100)^{t2 − t1}

Ratio = (1 + 8/100)^{20 − 19} = 108/100 = 27/25

Total parts = 27 + 25 = 52 parts.

Value of 52 parts = ₹1612 ⇒ 1 part = 1612 ÷ 52 = ₹31.

Shan's share = 27 parts = 27 × 31 = ₹837.

∴ The correct answer is ₹837.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total sum given by Rishi = ₹1612

Rate of interest (R) = 8% per annum compounded annually

Time for Shan (t₁) = 19 years

Time for Piyush (t₂) = 20 years

Let the amount given to Shan be S and to Piyush be P.

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = Principal × (1 + R/100)^t

Total Sum = ₹1612

Shan's Share Time = 19 years Ratio = 27 parts

Piyush's Share Time = 20 years Ratio = 25 parts

Equal Final Amounts

Calculations:

⇒ Amount received by Shan after 19 years = S × (1 + 8/100)¹⁹

⇒ Amount received by Piyush after 20 years = P × (1 + 8/100)²⁰

According to the question, both amounts are exactly equal:

⇒ S × (1 + 8/100)¹⁹ = P × (1 + 8/100)²⁰

⇒ S/P = (1 + 8/100)²⁰ ÷ (1 + 8/100)¹⁹

⇒ S/P = (1 + 8/100)¹

⇒ S/P = 108/100

⇒ S/P = 27/25

⇒ Total ratio sum = 27 + 25 = 52 units

⇒ 52 units = ₹1612

⇒ 1 unit = 1612 ÷ 52 = ₹31

⇒ Amount given to Shan (S) = 27 units

⇒ S = 27 × 31 = ₹837

∴ The correct answer is ₹837.

Additional Information

Division of Sum for Equal CI Amount

When a sum is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ such that their compound interest amounts are equal after t₁ and t₂ years respectively at rate R%, the ratio of their principals is always P₁/P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Effective Compound Interest

For 2 years, the effective CI rate can be calculated using the successive percentage formula: X + Y + (X × Y)/100. For example, 8% for 2 years gives an effective rate of 8 + 8 + (8 × 8)/100 = 16.64%.

Half-Yearly Compounding

If the interest is compounded half-yearly, the annual rate of interest becomes half (R/2) and the number of compounding cycles is doubled (2T).

Shortcut Trick

The time taken for all persons to meet again at the starting point is simply the LCM of their individual lap times.

Time = LCM(6, 8, 10, 14) minutes.

LCM(6, 8, 10, 14) = 840 minutes.

Time in hours = 840 ÷ 60 = 14 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 14 hours.

Alternate Method

Given:

Lap time of Person 1 = 6 minutes

Lap time of Person 2 = 8 minutes

Lap time of Person 3 = 10 minutes

Lap time of Person 4 = 14 minutes

Park

Start Line

Lap Times: Person 1: 6 min Person 2: 8 min Person 3: 10 min Person 4: 14 min

Meet at Start = LCM of Times

Formula Used:

Time to meet at the starting point again = LCM of all individual times

Calculations:

Let's find the prime factorization of each given time:

⇒ 6 = 2 × 3

⇒ 8 = 2³

⇒ 10 = 2 × 5

⇒ 14 = 2 × 7

To find the LCM, we take the highest power of each prime factor present:

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 3 × 5 × 7

⇒ LCM = 8 × 3 × 5 × 7

⇒ LCM = 840 minutes

Since the options are in hours, we convert minutes into hours (1 hour = 60 minutes):

⇒ Time in hours = 840 ÷ 60

⇒ Time in hours = 14 hours

∴ The correct answer is 14 hours.

Additional Information

Meeting at the Starting Point

If multiple runners start together, they will meet again at the exact starting point after a time equal to the LCM of the times taken by each individual to complete one full round.

Meeting Anywhere on the Track (Same Direction)

The time required to meet anywhere on the track for two runners moving in the same direction is Track Length ÷ Relative Speed (S₁ − S₂).

Meeting Anywhere on the Track (Opposite Direction)

The time required to meet anywhere on the track for two runners moving in opposite directions is Track Length ÷ Relative Speed (S₁ + S₂).

Shortcut Trick

Subtract the respective remainders from the given numbers to find the exactly divisible values.

Required values = (1163 − 15) and (2214 − 82) = 1148 and 2132

The greatest dividing number will be the HCF of 1148 and 2132.

By checking the given options, only 164 divides both 1148 and 2132 exactly (1148 ÷ 164 = 7 and 2132 ÷ 164 = 13).

∴ The correct answer is 164.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers to be divided = 1163 and 2214

Respective remainders = 15 and 82

Formula Used:

Greatest dividing number = HCF of (Number₁ − Remainder₁) and (Number₂ − Remainder₂)

Calculations:

⇒ First perfectly divisible number = 1163 − 15 = 1148

⇒ Second perfectly divisible number = 2214 − 82 = 2132

⇒ We need to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 1148 and 2132.

⇒ Prime factorization of 1148 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 41 = 2² × 7 × 41

⇒ Prime factorization of 2132 = 2 × 2 × 13 × 41 = 2² × 13 × 41

⇒ Extracting the common prime factors with the lowest powers:

⇒ HCF = 2² × 41

⇒ HCF = 4 × 41 = 164

∴ The correct answer is 164.

Additional Information

LCM & HCF Relation

For any two numbers, the product of their LCM and HCF is always equal to the product of the numbers themselves: LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b) = a × b.

Greatest Number for Same Remainder

To find the greatest number that divides a, b, and c leaving the exact same remainder in each case, calculate the HCF of the differences: |a − b|, |b − c|, and |c − a|.

HCF of Fractions

The HCF of a set of fractions is determined by finding the HCF of their numerators and dividing it by the LCM of their denominators.

LCM of Fractions

The LCM of a set of fractions is determined by finding the LCM of their numerators and dividing it by the HCF of their denominators.

Shortcut Trick

Applying the rule of alligation directly to the prices:

Ratio of quantities = (Dearer Price − Mean Price) : (Mean Price − Cheaper Price)

Ratio = (285 − 195) : (195 − 165)

Ratio = 90 : 30

Ratio = 3 : 1

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 1.

Alternate Method

Given:

Price of cheaper variety (C) = ₹165 per kg

Price of dearer variety (D) = ₹285 per kg

Price of the resulting mixture (M) = ₹195 per kg

165 Cheaper (C)

285 Dearer (D)

195 Mean (M)

90 D−M =

30 = M−C

Ratio: 3 Ratio: 1 :

Formula Used:

Ratio of Quantities = (Quantity of Cheaper) : (Quantity of Dearer) = (D − M) : (M − C)

Calculations:

⇒ Quantity of Cheaper = D − M

⇒ Quantity of Cheaper = 285 − 195 = 90

⇒ Quantity of Dearer = M − C

⇒ Quantity of Dearer = 195 − 165 = 30

⇒ Required Ratio = 90 : 30

⇒ Required Ratio = 3 : 1

∴ The correct answer is 3 : 1.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

It is a quick method to establish the ratio in which two components at differing given prices must be mixed to yield a mixture of a desired mean price.

Multiple Mixtures

When combining three or more varieties, group them into pairs keeping one variety relative to the mean price, and compute separate ratios to combine at the end.

Replacement Method

If 'y' units of liquid are removed and replaced by water 'n' times from an initial container of 'x' units, the Final Remaining Amount = x × (1 − y/x)ⁿ.

Shortcut Trick

Total time = (Distance Down ÷ Down Speed) + (Distance Up ÷ Up Speed) = 8 hours

Upstream speed must be positive, so Boat Speed > Stream Speed (9 km/h).

Testing Option 3 (12 km/h) ⇒ Down Speed = 21 km/h, Up Speed = 3 km/h.

Time = 28/21 + 20/3 = 4/3 + 20/3 = 24/3 = 8 hours.

Since the condition is satisfied perfectly, 12 km/h is the correct speed.

∴ The correct answer is 12 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of stream (v) = 9 km/h

Distance downstream = 28 km, Distance upstream = 20 km

Total time taken = 8 hours

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Downstream Speed = u + v, Upstream Speed = u − v

Total Time = 8 hrs

Stream Speed = 9 km/h

Downstream: 28 km Speed = u + 9

Upstream: 20 km Speed = u − 9

Calculations:

Let the speed of the boat in still water be u km/h.

⇒ Total Time = [28 ÷ (u + 9)] + [20 ÷ (u − 9)] = 8

⇒ Dividing by 4 on both sides:

⇒ [7 ÷ (u + 9)] + [5 ÷ (u − 9)] = 2

⇒ 7(u − 9) + 5(u + 9) = 2(u + 9)(u − 9)

⇒ 7u − 63 + 5u + 45 = 2(u² − 81)

⇒ 12u − 18 = 2u² − 162

⇒ 2u² − 12u − 144 = 0

⇒ u² − 6u − 72 = 0

⇒ u² − 12u + 6u − 72 = 0

⇒ u(u − 12) + 6(u − 12) = 0

⇒ (u − 12)(u + 6) = 0

⇒ u = 12 or u = −6

Since the speed of the boat cannot be negative, u = 12 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 12 km/h.

Additional Information

Speed in Still Water & Stream Speed

If Downstream speed is D and Upstream speed is U, then: Speed of Boat in Still Water = (D + U) ÷ 2 and Speed of Stream = (D − U) ÷ 2.

Concept of Downstream & Upstream

Downstream indicates the boat moves in the direction of the stream (Speed = u + v). Upstream indicates the boat moves against the stream (Speed = u − v).

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If a boat travels an equal distance upstream and downstream, Average Speed = (Downstream Speed × Upstream Speed) ÷ Speed in Still Water.

Shortcut Trick

Using the multiplying factor method for successive percentage changes:

Final factor = (1 − 0.40) × (1 − 0.30) × (1 − 0.10) × (1 + 0.40)

⇒ Final factor = 0.6 × 0.7 × 0.9 × 1.4 = 0.5292

⇒ Net decrease = 1 − 0.5292 = 0.4708

⇒ Net percentage decrease = 47.08%

∴ The correct answer is 47.08% decrease.

Alternate Method

Given:

Successive changes in fuel price: −40%, −30%, −10%, and +40%

Successive Percentage Changes

100

60

42

37.8

52.92

−40%

−30%

−10%

+40%

Overall Decrease: 47.08%

Calculations:

Let the original price of fuel be 100 units.

⇒ Price after 1st month (40% decrease) = 100 × (1 − 0.40) = 60

⇒ Price after 2nd month (30% decrease) = 60 × (1 − 0.30) = 42

⇒ Price after 3rd month (10% decrease) = 42 × (1 − 0.10) = 37.8

⇒ Price after 4th month (40% increase) = 37.8 × (1 + 0.40) = 52.92

⇒ Total decrease in price = Original price − Final price

⇒ Total decrease = 100 − 52.92 = 47.08

⇒ Percentage decrease = (47.08 ÷ 100) × 100% = 47.08%

∴ The correct answer is 47.08% decrease.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change Formula

For two successive changes of A% and B%, the net percentage change is given by: A + B + (A × B) ÷ 100. For decreases, always substitute negative values for A or B.

Multiplying Factor Method

An increase of r% means a multiplying factor of (1 + r/100). A decrease of r% gives (1 − r/100). The final value is simply the initial base multiplied by the product of all subsequent factors.

Base Change Property

Successive percentages are evaluated step-by-step on the newly updated base after every change, not on the original base. Because multiplication is commutative, the specific order of percentage changes does not affect the final outcome.

Shortcut Trick

Using the inverse ratio trick (MDH concept):

M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂

80 × 100 = Total Men × 25

Total Men = 8000 ÷ 25 = 320

Additional men = 320 − 80 = 240

∴ The correct answer is 240 men.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial group of men (M₁) = 80

Initial days to construct (D₁) = 100

Target days to construct (D₂) = 25

Formula Used:

Total Work = LCM of given days

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Days

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of 80 men is 1 unit/day.

⇒ 1 unit of efficiency is equivalent to 80 men.

⇒ The required efficiency to finish the work in 25 days is 4 units/day.

⇒ Total target men required = 4 × 80 = 320 men.

⇒ Additional men to be employed = 320 − 80 = 240 men.

∴ The correct answer is 240 men.

Additional Information

MDH Rule

When work is constant, M₁ × D₁ × H₁ = M₂ × D₂ × H₂. This directly equates the effort needed by different combinations of men and time.

Work and Efficiency Ratio

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time. If the ratio of time taken decreases from 100 to 25 (a 4 : 1 ratio), the ratio of men required must increase as 1 : 4.

Total Work Concept

Total work can easily be assumed as the LCM of given days to simplify calculations into manageable unit efficiencies rather than dealing with fractions.

Shortcut Trick

The product of two numbers is always equal to the product of their HCF and LCM.

Given, HCF = 7 and LCM = 126 × 7 = 882.

Product of the two numbers = HCF × LCM = 7 × 882.

Product = 6174.

(Note: The difference between the numbers given in the question is extra information and is not required to find their product.)

∴ The correct answer is 6174.

Alternate Method

Given:

HCF of the two numbers = 7

LCM = 126 × HCF

Difference between the two numbers = 5 × HCF

Formula Used:

Two numbers can be written as (HCF × a) and (HCF × b), where a and b are co-prime.

LCM = HCF × a × b

Calculations:

⇒ Let the two numbers be 7a and 7b.

⇒ LCM = 7 × a × b

⇒ We are given LCM = 126 × 7 = 882

⇒ 7ab = 882

⇒ ab = 126

⇒ We are given the difference between numbers is 5 × HCF

⇒ 7a − 7b = 5 × 7

⇒ a − b = 5

⇒ We need two co-prime factors of 126 whose difference is 5.

⇒ Factors of 126 are: 1 × 126, 2 × 63, 3 × 42, 6 × 21, 7 × 18, 9 × 14

⇒ The pair (14, 9) perfectly satisfies the condition 14 − 9 = 5.

⇒ The two numbers are 7 × 14 = 98 and 7 × 9 = 63.

⇒ Product of the numbers = 98 × 63 = 6174.

∴ The correct answer is 6174.

Additional Information

Product of Numbers Rule

For any two given numbers, the product of the numbers is strictly equal to the product of their HCF and LCM. This rule strictly applies only to two numbers, not three or more.

Co-prime Property

If the HCF of two numbers is H, the numbers can be written as H × x and H × y, where x and y are always co-prime integers (meaning their HCF is 1).

Fractions HCF and LCM

The HCF of given fractions is calculated as (HCF of numerators) ÷ (LCM of denominators). The LCM of given fractions is calculated as (LCM of numerators) ÷ (HCF of denominators).

Shortcut Trick

Selling Price (SP) is directly calculated as 124% of the Cost Price (CP) since the profit is 24%.

SP = 124% of 500

SP = 1.24 × 500 = 620

∴ The correct answer is ₹620.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹500

Profit = 24%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100

CP = ₹500 100%

SP = ₹620 124%

+24% Profit (+ ₹120)

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 500 × (100 + 24) ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 500 × (124 ÷ 100)

⇒ SP = 5 × 124

⇒ SP = 620

∴ The correct answer is ₹620.

Additional Information

Loss Percentage

When an article is sold at a loss, the Selling Price = CP × (100 − Loss%) ÷ 100.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). Selling Price = MP − Discount.

Successive Profit

The net change for two successive profits of a% and b% is given by the formula: Net % = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed = Speed of train − Speed of man = 88 − 16 = 72 km/h.

Speed in m/s = 72 × (5 ÷ 18) = 20 m/s.

Time taken = Train Length ÷ Relative speed = 240 ÷ 20 = 12 seconds.

∴ The correct answer is 12 seconds.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the train (L) = 240 m

Speed of the train (V_T) = 88 km/h

Speed of the man (V_M) = 16 km/h

Direction of movement = Same direction

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (same direction) = V_T − V_M

Distance covered to pass a man = Length of the train

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Train (240 m)

88 km/h

Man

16 km/h

Relative Speed = 88 − 16 = 72 km/h

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = 88 − 16 = 72 km/h

⇒ Converting km/h to m/s: Relative Speed = 72 × (5 ÷ 18) = 20 m/s

⇒ Total distance to be covered = 240 m

⇒ Time required = 240 ÷ 20

⇒ Time required = 12 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 12 seconds.

Additional Information

Relative Speed (Same Direction)

When two objects move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds (S₁ − S₂).

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction)

When two objects move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Speed Conversion Factor

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply the speed by 5 ÷ 18. Conversely, to convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18 ÷ 5.

Distance Covered while Passing

When a train passes a point-sized object (like a man, pole, or tree), the distance covered is exactly equal to the length of the train.

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(5, 8, 6) = 120 units.

Efficiency ratio (A : B : C) = (120 ÷ 5) : (120 ÷ 8) : (120 ÷ 6) = 24 : 15 : 20.

Total efficiency = 24 + 15 + 20 = 59 units/day.

Wages are distributed in the ratio of their efficiencies as they work together.

Difference between shares of B and C = [(20 − 15) ÷ 59] × 22774 = 5 × 386 = 1930.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,930.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 5 days

Time taken by B = 8 days

Time taken by C = 6 days

Total wage earned by all together = ₹22,774

Formula Used:

Wage ratio = Ratio of efficiencies (Total work ÷ Time taken)

⇒ Total combined efficiency = 24 + 15 + 20 = 59

⇒ 59 parts = ₹22,774

⇒ 1 part = 22774 ÷ 59 = ₹386

⇒ Difference in efficiency parts of B and C = 20 − 15 = 5 parts

⇒ Difference in their shares = 5 × 386 = ₹1,930

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,930.

Additional Information

Work and Wages

When individuals work together for the exact same duration, the total wages earned are divided strictly in proportion to their daily efficiencies or working capacities.

Different Duration of Work

If workers join or leave mid-way and thus work for a different number of days, their wage share is based directly on the actual amount of work completed by each (Efficiency × Days Worked).

Pipes and Cisterns

Similar to the Time & Work principle, an inlet pipe carries a positive efficiency while a leakage or outlet pipe represents a negative efficiency. The overall work done is calculated using their net algebraic sum.

Shortcut Trick

The Total Surface Area (TSA) of a solid hemisphere is given by 3πr².

Convert radius to centimeters: r = 0.07 m × 100 = 7 cm.

TSA = 3 × (22/7) × 7² = 3 × 22 × 7 = 462 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 462 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of the hemisphere (r) = 0.07 m

Formula Used:

Total Surface Area of a solid hemisphere = 3πr²

r = 7 cm Solid Hemisphere Curved Surface = 2πr² Base Area = πr²

Calculations:

⇒ First, convert the radius from meters to centimeters to match the options.

⇒ r = 0.07 m = 0.07 × 100 cm = 7 cm

⇒ Total Surface Area = 3 × π × r²

⇒ Total Surface Area = 3 × (22/7) × (7)²

⇒ Total Surface Area = 3 × (22/7) × 49

⇒ Total Surface Area = 3 × 22 × 7

⇒ Total Surface Area = 462 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 462 cm².

Additional Information

Curved Surface Area of a Hemisphere

The curved surface area includes only the outer dome part of the hemisphere. Formula: CSA = 2πr²

Volume of a Hemisphere

The volume represents the total three-dimensional space occupied by the hemisphere. Formula: V = (2/3)πr³

Total Surface Area of a Full Sphere

A complete solid sphere has a total surface area exactly equal to four times its base circle area. Formula: TSA = 4πr²

Shortcut Trick

Selling Price of a pair (2 articles) after 20% discount = 80% of Total Marked Price.

80% = ₹1820

Total Marked Price (100%) = (1820 ÷ 80) × 100 = ₹2275

Since this is the total for 2 articles, Marked Price of 1 article = ₹2275 ÷ 2 = ₹1137.50

∴ The correct answer is ₹1137.50.

Alternate Method

Total MP 100%

-20% Discount

Total SP (Paid) 80% = ₹1820

Total MP = ₹2275 ÷ 2 Items

MP of 1 Article ₹1137.50

Given:

Selling Price (SP) of 2 articles = ₹1820

Discount % = 20%

Formula Used:

MP = SP × [100 ÷ (100 − Discount%)]

Calculations:

⇒ Total MP of 2 articles = 1820 × [100 ÷ (100 − 20)]

⇒ Total MP = 1820 × (100 ÷ 80)

⇒ Total MP = 1820 × (5 ÷ 4)

⇒ Total MP = 455 × 5 = ₹2275

⇒ MP of 1 article = Total MP ÷ 2

⇒ MP of 1 article = 2275 ÷ 2 = ₹1137.50

∴ The correct answer is ₹1137.50.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP) and Selling Price (SP)

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price. SP = MP − Discount Amount, or SP = MP × (100 − D%) ÷ 100.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given, the equivalent single discount is given by the formula (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Cost Price to Marked Price Ratio

When both Profit % (P) and Discount % (D) are given, the direct relation between CP and MP is CP ÷ MP = (100 − D) ÷ (100 + P).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Initial Salary to Final Salary = 42,000 : 57,000 = 14 : 19

Increase in ratio parts = 19 − 14 = 5 parts.

Percentage increase = (Increase ÷ Initial) × 100 = (5 ÷ 14) × 100

Since 1 ÷ 14 ≈ 7.14%, then 5 ÷ 14 ≈ 5 × 7.14% = 35.7%.

∴ The correct answer is 35.7%.

Alternate Method

Initial Salary

₹42,000

Final Salary

₹42,000

• ₹15,000

Total Final Salary = ₹57,000

% Increase = ?

Given:

⇒ Initial salary = ₹42,000

⇒ Final salary = ₹57,000

Formula Used:

⇒ Percentage Increase = [(Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value] × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Increase in salary = 57,000 − 42,000 = ₹15,000

⇒ Percentage Increase = (15,000 ÷ 42,000) × 100

⇒ Percentage Increase = (15 ÷ 42) × 100

⇒ Percentage Increase = (5 ÷ 14) × 100

⇒ Percentage Increase = 500 ÷ 14 = 35.714...%

⇒ Rounding off to 1 decimal place, we get 35.7%.

∴ The correct answer is 35.7%.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

It calculates the degree of change over time. Formula: % Change = [(Final − Initial) ÷ Initial] × 100.

Successive Percentage Change

When a value is increased successively by a% and b%, the net percentage change is given by: Net % = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100.

Multiplying Factor Approach

To increase any given base value by R%, you directly multiply the base value by the factor (1 + R ÷ 100).

Shortcut Trick

Difference in principal amounts = ₹9400 − ₹5400 = ₹4000

Difference in simple interest earned in 6 years = ₹600

Simple interest for 1 year on the extra principal = ₹600 ÷ 6 = ₹100

Rate of interest = (100 ÷ 4000) × 100 = 2.5%

∴ The correct answer is 2.5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Vijay's Principal (P₁) = ₹5400

Mohan's Principal (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 6 years

Difference in Simple Interest = ₹600

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Time (T) = 6 years, Rate (R) = ?

Vijay P = ₹5400 SI = I

Mohan P = ₹9400 SI = I + ₹600

ΔP = ₹4000 ΔSI = ₹600

Interest on extra ₹4000 in 6 years = ₹600 1 year Interest = ₹100 → Rate = 2.5%

Calculations:

⇒ Mohan's SI − Vijay's SI = 600

⇒ (9400 × R × 6) ÷ 100 − (5400 × R × 6) ÷ 100 = 600

⇒ (56400R − 32400R) ÷ 100 = 600

⇒ 564R − 324R = 600

⇒ 240R = 600

⇒ R = 600 ÷ 240

⇒ R = 2.5%

∴ The correct answer is 2.5%.

Additional Information

Difference in Simple Interest

When the rate of interest (R) and the time period (T) are the same, the difference in interest earned is directly proportional to the difference in the principal amounts. Formula: ΔSI = (ΔP × R × T) ÷ 100.

Rate of Interest Definition

The rate of interest per annum defines the money earned on an investment of ₹100 in exactly one year.

Shortcut Trick

Use the direct formula for overlapping groups:

Weight of Amit = (Total of Anwar and Amit) + (Total of Amit and Gopal) − (Total of all three)

Amit's weight = (2 × 39) + (2 × 44) − (3 × 46)

Amit's weight = 78 + 88 − 138

Amit's weight = 166 − 138 = 28 kg

∴ The correct answer is 28 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of Anwar, Amit, and Gopal = 46 kg

Average weight of Anwar and Amit = 39 kg

Average weight of Amit and Gopal = 44 kg

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

Anwar + Amit + Gopal = 138 kg

Anwar Amit Gopal

Anwar + Amit = 78 kg

Anwar Amit

Amit + Gopal = 88 kg

Amit Gopal

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight of Anwar, Amit, and Gopal = 46 × 3 = 138 kg

⇒ Total weight of Anwar and Amit = 39 × 2 = 78 kg

⇒ Total weight of Amit and Gopal = 44 × 2 = 88 kg

⇒ Sum of weights of the two groups = 78 + 88 = 166 kg

⇒ In the sum above, Amit's weight has been counted twice.

⇒ Weight of Amit = Sum of the two groups − Total weight of all three

⇒ Weight of Amit = 166 − 138 = 28 kg

∴ The correct answer is 28 kg.

Additional Information

Overlapping Groups Average

When a central term is counted twice between two partial groups, its exact value can be calculated as: Value of overlapping term = Sum of the overlapping parts − Total sum of all elements.

Combined Average

If two sets of sizes n₁ and n₂ have individual averages A₁ and A₂ respectively, their combined average is given by the formula (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Deviation Method for Averages

The total sum of deviations of all the given observations from their true average is always zero. This principle provides a quick way to find missing values without multiplying large numbers.

Shortcut Trick

The smallest natural number divisible by a given set of numbers is their LCM.

Given numbers: 5, 10, 49, 28.

Identify the highest power of prime factors present in these numbers: 2² (from 28), 5¹ (from 5 or 10), and 7² (from 49).

LCM = 2² × 5¹ × 7² = 4 × 5 × 49 = 980

∴ The correct answer is 980.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 5, 10, 49, and 28.

Formula Used:

Smallest divisible number = Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given numbers.

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 5 = 5

⇒ Prime factorization of 10 = 2 × 5

⇒ Prime factorization of 49 = 7 × 7 = 7²

⇒ Prime factorization of 28 = 2 × 2 × 7 = 2² × 7

⇒ To find the LCM, we take the highest power of each distinct prime factor present in all the factorizations.

⇒ The distinct prime factors are 2, 5, and 7.

⇒ Highest power of 2 is 2²

⇒ Highest power of 5 is 5¹

⇒ Highest power of 7 is 7²

⇒ LCM = 2² × 5¹ × 7²

⇒ LCM = 4 × 5 × 49

⇒ LCM = 20 × 49

⇒ LCM = 980

∴ The correct answer is 980.

Additional Information

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest positive integer that is perfectly divisible by each of the given numbers. It is computed by multiplying the highest powers of all prime factors involved.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest positive integer that divides each of the numbers without leaving a remainder. It is formed by multiplying the lowest powers of only the common prime factors.

Relationship between LCM and HCF

For any two numbers 'a' and 'b', the product of the numbers is strictly equal to the product of their HCF and LCM. The formula is: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. Momentary.

Key Points

• The word "Everlasting" refers to something that lasts forever or for a very long time without ending or changing. (अनंत, शाश्वत)
• Example: Their friendship was everlasting, enduring all hardships and challenges.
• "Momentary" means something that lasts for a very short period of time or is temporary. (क्षणिक, अस्थायी)
• Example: The momentary silence in the room was broken by a sudden burst of laughter.
• Since "Momentary" is the opposite of "Everlasting," it is the most appropriate antonym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. Momentary.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Tampered (छेड़छाड़ की गई): Interfered with or altered, usually in a harmful or unauthorized way.
• Example: The evidence was tampered with before it reached the courtroom.
• Fantabulous (शानदार): Extremely good or excellent; a blend of fantastic and fabulous.
• Example: She prepared a fantabulous meal for the dinner party.
• Calibrating (संतुलित करना): To adjust or measure something precisely, especially in technical contexts.
• Example: The technician is calibrating the instruments to ensure accurate readings.

The correct answer is 'throat'.

 

Key Points

• The word "gullet" refers to the passage by which food passes from the mouth to the stomach; the throat.
• The synonym "throat" fits the context appropriately.
• The other options: "molars," "chest," and "stomach" do not match the meaning of "gullet".

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: A bone got stuck in his gullet, he should try to clear his throat.

Additional Information

• Molars: refer to the large teeth located at the back of the mouth, used for grinding food.
• Chest: refers to the part of the body enclosed by the ribcage.
• Stomach: refers to the organ where digestion takes place.

The correct answer is: Massive.

Key Points

• The word "Colossal" means extremely large or gigantic in size, extent, or degree; something that is vast or enormous. (विशालकाय)
• Example: The construction of the colossal statue took several years to complete.
• "Massive" refers to something that is large and heavy or exceptionally big in scale, quantity, or degree. (बड़ा और भारी)
• Example: The massive building towered over the entire neighborhood.
• Both "Colossal" and "Massive" imply something large or gigantic, making "Massive" the closest synonym of "Colossal".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Massive.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Miniature (सूक्ष्म): Something that is very small in size or a smaller version of something.
• Example: The artist painted a beautiful miniature of the city skyline.
• Diminutive (छोटा): Extremely or unusually small in size or stature.
• Example: Despite his diminutive size, he had a commanding presence.
• Petite (छोटी): Small and slender, often used to describe a person, particularly women.
• Example: She had a petite figure and was dressed elegantly.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. is not big much to lift. .

Key Points

• The error lies in the phrase "is not big much to lift."
• The word order is incorrect, and the phrase does not follow proper grammatical rules.
• The correct form should be "is not big enough to lift."
• The word "enough" is used to indicate sufficiency or adequacy, and it is the correct word to use in this context.

Correct sentence: The trunk that she brought yesterday is not big enough to lift.

Additional Information

• Common errors:
• Word order: Ensure that words are placed in the correct sequence for proper grammatical structure.
• Incorrect word usage: Use the appropriate word to convey the intended meaning.
• Usage of "enough":
• Correct placement: "Enough" comes after adjectives or adverbs (e.g., big enough, fast enough).
• Meaning: Indicates adequacy or sufficiency.

The correct answer is 'due to'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "due to" is used to indicate the reason or cause for something.
• In the sentence, the meeting was postponed as a result of the unexpected power outage, which makes "due to" the most appropriate choice.
• The other options: "because," "for," and "since" do not fit the context as accurately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: The meeting was postponed due to the unexpected power outage.

Additional Information

• Because: Used to explain why something happens, but does not convey the same causal relationship as "due to" in this context.
• For: Typically introduces reasons but is less formal and does not fit smoothly here.
• Since: Indicates a time-based or causal relationship but does not convey the direct cause as appropriately.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. "Recieve".

Key Points

• The word "Recieve" is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is "Receive".
• English meaning of "Recieve" (incorrect spelling): It does not have a proper definition as it is a misspelling.
• Hindi meaning (incorrect spelling): कोई सही अर्थ नहीं है क्योंकि यह गलत वर्तनी है।
• Example: None, as the word is incorrectly spelt.
• Correct word: "Receive" refers to the act of being given or presented with something. (प्राप्त करना)
• Example: She was delighted to receive the award for her performance.
• Hence, "Recieve" is the incorrect spelling, and the correct spelling is "Receive".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Idiotic (मूर्खतापूर्ण): Something very silly or foolish.
• Example: His idiotic behavior caused trouble for everyone.
• Anxiety (चिंता): A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease.
• Example: She felt a wave of anxiety before her big presentation.
• Proceed (आगे बढ़ना): To continue or begin a course of action.
• Example: After receiving instructions, they proceeded with the task.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. "essential in furthering".

Key Points

• The word "pivotal" means something that is of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else. (महत्वपूर्ण)
• Example: The invention of the printing press was pivotal in spreading knowledge worldwide.
• "Essential" refers to something that is absolutely necessary or extremely important in achieving a particular result. (आवश्यक)
• Example: Good communication skills are essential for building strong relationships in the workplace.
• Hence, the phrase "essential in furthering" aligns with the meaning of "pivotal in advancing" in the given context.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: "inconsequential to hindering" (महत्वहीन जो बाधा डालता है): Refers to something that has no significant impact and even causes obstruction.
• Example: His efforts were inconsequential to hindering the project's progress.
• Option 3: "minor in restricting" (छोटा जो सीमित करता है): Refers to something insignificant in limiting or constraining progress.
• Example: The minor errors in the report were not significant in restricting the overall outcome.
• Option 4: "irrelevant to stalling" (अप्रासंगिक जो रोकता है): Refers to something that is unrelated and does not contribute to delaying an action.
• Example: His comments were irrelevant to stalling the meeting's progress.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. is rising faster and higher than.

Key Points

• The sentence describes a current global phenomenon, so the correct verb tense is the present continuous, i.e., "is rising."
• Comparative adjectives "faster" and "higher" are appropriate to describe the pace and magnitude of the rise.
• Option 4, "is rising faster and higher than," correctly substitutes the underlined segment, maintaining grammatical accuracy and logical meaning.

Correct sentence: The level of the sea globally is rising faster and higher than ever before, creating what the United Nations has described as an "urgent and escalating threat" to people around the world.

Additional Information

• Understanding Comparatives:
• Comparatives like "faster" and "higher" are used when comparing two entities or phenomena.
• They are formed by adding "-er" to short adjectives or using "more" before longer adjectives.
• Present Continuous Tense:
• Structure: Subject + is/are + verb(-ing).
• Usage: Describes actions or situations happening now or trends over time.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "Fissible" is incorrectly spelled. The correct spelling is "Fissile". (गलत वर्तनी)
• The word "Fissile" means capable of being split or divided, especially in the context of nuclear physics where it refers to materials that can sustain a chain reaction of nuclear fission. (विखंडनीय)
• Example: Uranium-235 is a fissile material used in nuclear reactors.
• The word "Fissible" does not exist in the dictionary, and hence it is a misspelling. The correct word is "Fissile". (सही शब्द "Fissile" है।)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Charity (दान): Generosity and help, especially in the form of donations to those in need.
• Example: The charity collected funds to help the underprivileged children.
• Affected (प्रभावित): Influenced or changed by something.
• Example: Many people were affected by the recent floods in the region.
• Exposure (सामना): The state of being exposed to contact with something, such as a disease or the elements.
• Example: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can harm the skin.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Completely unexpected).

Key Points

• The idiom "Out of the blue" refers to something that happens suddenly and without any prior warning or indication. (अचानक और अप्रत्याशित रूप से होने वाला)
• Example: The news of her promotion came out of the blue and left everyone surprised.
• Completely unexpected refers to something that was not anticipated or foreseen in any way. (पूरी तरह से अप्रत्याशित)
• Example: The sudden rainfall in the middle of the desert was completely unexpected for the tourists.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Completely unexpected).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Quite old (काफी पुराना): Something that has existed for a long time.
• Example: The building is quite old and needs renovation.
• Option 2: Extremely cold (बेहद ठंडा): Refers to something that is very low in temperature.
• Example: The weather in Antarctica is extremely cold all year round.
• Option 4: Very doubtful (बहुत संदिग्ध): Something that is uncertain or questionable.
• Example: His explanation for being late sounded very doubtful to the teacher.

The correct answer is 'highly'.

 

Key Points

• The word "highly" is often used in collocation with "respected" to emphasize the degree of admiration or regard someone receives.
• The sentence states that Prathap is a respected member of the community, and the word "highly" strengthens this idea.
• The other options: "sensibly," "closely," and "seriously" do not collocate naturally with "respected" in this context.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: Prathap is a highly respected member of the community.

Additional Information

• Sensibly (समझदारी से): means in a way that shows good sense or judgment.
• Closely (करीबी): means in close proximity or with great attention.
• Seriously (गंभीरता से): means in a serious or solemn manner.

The correct answer is: Skilled.

Key Points

• The word "Competent" refers to someone who has the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully. (योग्य)
• Example: She is a competent manager who handles her team efficiently.
• "Skilled" means having or showing a lot of ability and expertise in a specific area due to training or experience. (कुशल)
• Example: He is skilled in carpentry and can build beautiful furniture.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'Competent' is 'Skilled'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Skilled.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Humble (विनम्र): Showing modesty or a lack of arrogance.
• Example: Despite his success, he remains humble and down-to-earth.
• Gracious (दयालु): Courteous, kind, and pleasant in behavior or attitude.
• Example: She was gracious enough to forgive him for his mistake.
• Ambitious (महत्त्वाकांक्षी): Having a strong desire to achieve success or goals.
• Example: He is an ambitious entrepreneur aiming to expand his business globally.

The correct answer is 'etic'.

 

Key Points

• The word "etic" refers to an external, analytical perspective on a culture, as opposed to an "emic" approach, which reflects an insider's view.
• The ethnographer's "etic" approach focuses on universal principles and cross-cultural comparisons, which may sometimes raise ethical issues such as cultural appropriation.
• The other options: "emit," "emetic," and "empathetic" do not fit the context appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: The ethnographer's etic approach to fieldwork yielded rich data but raised ethical concerns about cultural appropriation.

Additional Information

• Emit: means to produce or discharge something, such as a sound or light.
• Emetic: refers to a substance that induces vomiting.
• Empathetic: means showing an ability to understand and share the feelings of others.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. My colleague invited everyone to her house for her son's birthday party that was nearby situated .

Key Points

• The word "nearby" is an adverb that means "close to" or "not far away." It is used to describe the proximity of a location or object.
• In option 3, the phrase "nearby situated" is incorrect because the adverb "nearby" should not be used alongside the word "situated." The word "situated" already conveys location, and using "nearby" redundantly modifies it.
• The correct usage would be: "My colleague invited everyone to her house for her son's birthday party that was nearby."
• Other options (1, 2, and 4) use the adverb "nearby" correctly within the context of their respective sentences.

Correct sentence for Option 3: My colleague invited everyone to her house for her son’s birthday party that was nearby.

Additional Information

• Correct Usage of "Nearby":
• As an adverb: "The school is nearby."
• As an adjective: "There is a nearby park."
• Avoid redundancy: Do not pair "nearby" with words like "situated" or "located," as they already imply proximity.

The correct answer is: Dedicate.

Key Points

• The word "Devote" means to give all or a large part of one's time or resources to a person, activity, or cause. (समर्पित करना)
• Example: He decided to devote his weekends to learning a new language.
• "Dedicate" refers to committing time, effort, or oneself to a specific purpose, cause, or activity. (समर्पण करना)
• Example: She dedicated her life to teaching underprivileged children.
• Hence, "Dedicate" is the word closest in meaning to "Devote."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Dedicate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Divide (विभाजित करना): To separate into parts or groups.
• Example: The teacher divided the class into small groups for the activity.
• Waste (व्यर्थ करना): To use something carelessly or without purpose.
• Example: He wasted his money on unnecessary items.
• Plan (योजना बनाना): To think about and arrange the details of something beforehand.
• Example: They planned their vacation months in advance.

The correct answer is 'led'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence is in the present perfect tense: “has ________ to unprecedented advancements.”
• The present perfect tense is formed using "has/have + past participle".
• Among the options, "led" is the correct past participle form of "lead".
• Options like "lead", "leads", or "leading" do not fit grammatically in a present perfect structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: The evolution of technology has (1) led *to unprecedented advancements in various fields, from medicine to communication. The invention of the Internet, in particular, (2) **_____a global revolution, altering how people connect and share information. Innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning (3) **_____automation and efficiency, transforming industries and creating new economic paradigms. As technology (4) **_____to evolve, ethical and social implications (5) *_____significant consideration.

 

Additional Information

• Lead – Present tense verb; incorrect in a sentence with “has”.
• Leads – Third-person singular present tense; not used with “has” in perfect tense.
• Leading – Present participle/gerund; not used with “has” to form perfect tense.
• Led – Correct past participle of “lead”, used to form present perfect tense.

The correct answer is 'catalysed'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase “The invention of the Internet, in particular,” is followed by a verb that describes a completed action in the past.
• The simple past tense is appropriate here as the sentence refers to a specific past event (the invention of the Internet).
• “Catalysed” is the simple past form of the verb “catalyse” and fits correctly in this context.
• Other options like “catalyse” (base form), “catalyses” (present simple), and “catalysing” (present participle) do not align with the past tense context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: The evolution of technology has led to unprecedented advancements in various fields, from medicine to communication. The invention of the Internet, in particular, (2) catalysed *a global revolution, altering how people connect and share information. Innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning (3) **_____automation and efficiency, transforming industries and creating new economic paradigms. As technology (4) **_____to evolve, ethical and social implications (5) *_____significant consideration.

 

Additional Information

• Catalysed – Past tense; means caused or accelerated a reaction or change, which is contextually correct.
• Catalyse – Base form; not used in a past context without auxiliary verbs.
• Catalyses – Present tense; incorrect since the sentence refers to a past event.
• Catalysing – Present participle; incorrect in this grammatical structure.

The correct answer is 'promoted'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence is part of a passage that consistently uses the past tense to describe the historical progression of technology.
• The verbs in the first and second sentences—"has led" and "catalysed"—set a past-time frame for the paragraph.
• To maintain tense consistency, "promoted" fits as a past tense verb that continues the narrative of earlier technological impacts.
• Using "promoted" aligns the sentence with prior developments and makes the passage read as a retrospective on past innovations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage (Past Tense Version): The evolution of technology has (1) led to unprecedented advancements in various fields, from medicine to communication. The invention of the Internet, in particular, (2) catalysed a global revolution, altering how people connect and share information. Innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning (3) promoted *automation and efficiency, transforming industries and creating new economic paradigms. As technology (4) **_____to evolve, ethical and social implications (5) *_____significant consideration.

 

Additional Information

• Promote – Present tense; would break tense consistency in a past-context narrative.
• Promotes – Present singular; not suitable in a past narrative.
• Promoting – Present participle; doesn’t fit the structure of the sentence.
• Promoted – Past tense; correctly matches the overall past narration of the passage.

The correct answer is 'continues'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "As technology ________ to evolve" is a present-time statement indicating an ongoing action.
• The subject "technology" is singular, so the correct present tense verb is "continues."
• “Continues” fits both the grammatical structure and meaning, highlighting that evolution is still happening.
• Other options like "continue" (base form), "continuing" (participle), and "continued" (past tense) do not fit in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: The evolution of technology has (1) led to unprecedented advancements in various fields, from medicine to communication. The invention of the Internet, in particular, (2) catalysed a global revolution, altering how people connect and share information. Innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning (3) promoted automation and efficiency, transforming industries and creating new economic paradigms. As technology (4) continues *to evolve, ethical and social implications (5) *_____significant consideration.

 

Additional Information

• Continuing – Present participle; would require a helping verb to function correctly in the sentence.
• Continue – Base verb form; doesn't fit after a singular noun like "technology."
• Continued – Past tense; incorrect as the context is present and ongoing.
• Continues – Correct singular present tense verb matching "technology."

The correct answer is 'deserve'.

 

Key Points

• The subject of the clause is “ethical and social implications,” which is plural.
• The sentence is in the present tense, as indicated by "As technology continues to evolve".
• Therefore, the plural subject “implications” requires the base form verb “deserve” to agree in number and tense.
• Other options like “deserves” (singular), “deserving” (participle), and “deserved” (past tense) do not fit the present plural structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: The evolution of technology has (1) led to unprecedented advancements in various fields, from medicine to communication. The invention of the Internet, in particular, (2) catalysed a global revolution, altering how people connect and share information. Innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning (3) promoted automation and efficiency, transforming industries and creating new economic paradigms. As technology (4) continues to evolve, ethical and social implications (5) deserve significant consideration.

 

Additional Information

• Deserving – Present participle; cannot act as the main verb in this sentence.
• Deserves – Singular present tense; incorrect for plural subject “implications.”
• Deserved – Past tense; inconsistent with the present context.
• Deserve – Base verb form; correctly matches plural subject and present tense.

सही उत्तर है- खोपड़ी 

Key Pointsसही वाक्य होगा-

• एक बदमाश की खोपड़ी पुलिस के डंडे से फट गयी।

Important Pointsकपोल-

• गाल

दिमाग-

• बुद्धि, समझ

सिर-

• खोपड़ी

सही उत्तर है- गर्व 

Key Pointsसही वाक्य होगा-

• उसे गर्व है कि वह उच्चवर्गीय परिवार में पैदा हुआ है।

Important Pointsगर्व-

• अहं भाव, घमंड

कष्ट-

• पीड़ा, व्यथा

आनंद-

• उल्लास, खुशी

आशंका-

• संदेह, शक

'पेड़' का पर्यायवाची शब्द नहीं है- आशय

Key Pointsआशय का पर्यायवाची शब्द है-

• इरादा, मतलब, अर्थ, तात्पर्य, उद्देश्य

Important Pointsपेड़ के कई पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं-

• वृक्ष, तरु, पादप, दरख्त, द्रुम, और रुख

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द - 

• ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

सही उत्तर होगा- अमावस्या 

Key Pointsसही वाक्य होगा-

• 'दीपावली का पर्व अमावस्या की रात्रि को मनाया जाता है।'

Important Points

• अमावस्या का तद्भव शब्द है- अमावस
• छठ का तद्भव शब्द है- छठी
• चौथ का तद्भव शब्द है- चौथा ​

Additional Information

• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम्र, इक्षु, गृह, उष्ट्र आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं।
• जैसे- आम, ईंख, घर, ऊँट आदि।​

कुछ अन्य तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

सही उत्तर है- क्षीर 

सही वाक्य होगा-

• क्षीर प्रमुख भारतीय व्यंजन है।

Key Points

• क्षीर का तद्भव शब्द है- खीर
• हरिद्रा का तद्भव शब्द है- हल्दी
• तिक्त का तद्भव शब्द है- तीता
• दही का तद्भव शब्द है- दधि

Important Points

• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम्र, इक्षु, गृह, उष्ट्र आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम, ईंख, घर, ऊँट आदि।​​

Additional Information

कुछ अन्य तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -