SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 13 Feb, 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is,

All brothers are sons.

All father is son.

And some fathers are brothers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The paper looks when unfolded,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): ZCA

Option (2): GJH

Option (3): MPD

Does not follow the same pattern.

Option (4): LOM

The letter-cluster that DOES NOT belong to the group is: MPD

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)"

The logic followed here is,

For 'MARVEL' to 'SXROCP':

‘STRING’ is written as ‘YQRBLK’

similarly for ‘CIRCLE’

Therefore, 'CIRCLE' is written as 'IFRVJI'.

The calculated word matches "Option 4."

Given series:

t a r _ _ o l v t _ r i v _ _ v t a r _ v _ l _

Let's examine each option:

Option 1) tarivolv

t a r t a o l v t r r i v i v v t a r o v l l v

This does not form a consistent or easily recognizable repeating pattern. 

Option 2) ivaoliov

t a r i v o l v t a r i v o l v t a r i v o l v

This clearly forms a consistent repeating pattern of the 8-letter block "tarivolv".

Option 3) valtavri

t a r v a o l v t l r i v t a v t a r v v r l i

This does not form a consistent or easily recognizable repeating pattern.

Option 4) volvtari

t a r v o o l v t l r i v v t v t a r a v r l i

This does not form a consistent or easily recognizable repeating pattern.

Based on the analysis, only Option 2 creates a consistent and repeating pattern in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is Option (2).

The logic followed here is,

Logic: Three Image or letter are present in the box.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Logic followed here is:

Logic: The code for a word is determined by multiplying the number of letters in the word by 3.

For 'SBZFPA' is coded as '18' →

Number of letters in 'SBZFPA' = 6

Code = 6 × 3 = 18

For 'GNPQ' is coded as '12' →

Number of letters in 'GNPQ' = 4

Code = 4 × 3 = 12

The pattern observed is: (Number of letters in the word) × 3.

Similarly, let's find the code for 'LCEZRDX':

Number of letters in 'LCEZRDX' = 7

Code = 7 × 3 = 21

Therefore, the code for 'LCEZRDX' is 21.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)."

Given:

Eight people are sitting in two parallel rows containing 4 people each in such a way that there is equal distance between adjacent persons.

In row 1, L, M, N and O are seated and all of them are facing south.

In row 2, U, V, W and X are seated and all of them are facing north.

Thus, each person faces another person from the other row.

W sits to the immediate right of U.

Only two people sit between L and M.

U faces L.

The one who faces N sits to the immediate left of V.

X does not sit at any of the extreme ends.

O sits at the reamining place.

So, W faces O.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct mirror image of the given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given interchange rules:

• ‘−’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged.
• ‘×’ and ‘+’ are interchanged.

The given equation is:

24 + 25 − 5 × 2 ÷ 9 = ?

Replace the operators with their corresponding new meanings:

24 × 25 ÷ 5 + 2 − 9 = ?

Now, we solve the equation following the BODMAS rule:

= 24 × 25 ÷ 5 + 2 − 9

= 600 ÷ 5 + 2 − 9

= 120 + 2 − 9

= 122 − 9 = 113

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed in this pattern involves a consistent alphabetical shift for the letters and an arithmetic operation for the number:

• For both letters, they shift +1 position forward in the English alphabetical order.
• For the number, it is multiplied by x3.

Let's verify this logic with the given examples:

For 'BD 11' related to 'CE 33':

For 'ST 10' related to 'TU 30':

The consistent pattern observed is: Both letters +1, Number x3.

Applying the same logic to 'UB 2':

Thus, UB 2 is related to VC 6.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given, Seven people, L, M, N, O, W, X and Y, are sitting in a row, facing north (but not necessarily in the same order) .

Only L sits to the left of X.

Only four people sit between L and N.

Only M sits between O and W, and O is not an immediate neighbour of N.

And Y sits at the remaining place.

So Y sits at the extreme right of the line.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given word: 'DETECTOR'

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No letter remains unchanged in its original spot.

Therefore, the position of 0 letters will remain unchanged.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 103.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 'DQY' will be the next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The given code language is:

COS is common in both the code and 691 is common in both the code.

Thus, 'T' is coded as '7'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given Expression: K - L x M + N ÷ O

K - L: K is the daughter of L.

L x M: L is the sister of M.

M + N: M is the brother of N.

N ÷ O: N is the father of O.

According to the given information Family Tree Representation:

Therefore, M is the Mother's brother of K.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

Given Statements:

1. All handles are locks.
2. No lock is a shelf.
3. No lock is a cupboard.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. No handle is a shelf. → True. (Since handles are entirely contained within locks, and locks have no relation with shelves, it logically follows that no handle can be a shelf.)

II. Some cupboards are shelves. →  False. (There is no direct relationship provided in the statements about the relationship between 'cupboards' and 'shelves'. We cannot definitively say that 'Some cupboards are shelves'.)

So, only conclusion I follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The paper will look when unfolded,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.

Key Points

• Article 74 of the Indian Constitution mandates that there shall be a Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of their functions.
• The President is bound by the advice provided by the Council of Ministers except in cases where discretion is explicitly permitted by the Constitution.
• The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, as per Article 75(3) of the Constitution.
• This provision ensures that the President functions as a constitutional head, with real executive power vested in the Council of Ministers.
• The advice provided by the Council is confidential, and the President cannot question it publicly.

Additional Information

• Prime Minister: The leader of the Council of Ministers and is appointed by the President. The PM is the principal channel of communication between the President and the Council.
• Collective Responsibility: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, ensuring that they act as a united entity in governance.
• Discretionary Powers of the President: The President can use their discretion in certain situations, such as appointing the Prime Minister in case of a hung parliament.
• Executive Powers: While the President is the nominal executive, the real executive authority rests with the Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister.
• Article 75: This article further elaborates on the appointment and tenure of the Council of Ministers, including the provision that they hold office during the pleasure of the President.

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• India won a total of 14 medals at the ISSF World Championship 2023.
• The medal tally included 6 gold medals, 6 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals.
• India's stellar performance secured the country the second position on the medal table, behind China.
• Rudrankksh Patil and Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar were among the standout performers, winning individual gold medals in their respective shooting events.
• This achievement highlights India's growing prominence in the sport of shooting at the international level.

Additional Information

• ISSF (International Shooting Sport Federation):
• The ISSF is the governing body for the sport of shooting worldwide, conducting world championships and other international competitions.
• The federation was founded in 1907 and is headquartered in Munich, Germany.
• It oversees events across various shooting disciplines, including rifle, pistol, and shotgun.
• India's Shooting Success:
• India has been emerging as a powerhouse in shooting sports, with significant investments in athlete training and infrastructure.
• The consistent performances at international events have contributed to India's strong position in the global rankings.
• Notable Indian Shooters:
• Rudrankksh Patil, Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar, and Divyansh Singh Panwar have been some of the prominent names in recent shooting events.
• These athletes have consistently delivered podium finishes in major international competitions.
• Future Outlook:
• With a strong focus on grassroots development, India aims to further strengthen its shooting team for the upcoming Olympics and other global events.
• The support of initiatives like the Khelo India program has been instrumental in nurturing young talent in the sport.

The correct answer is 10.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act of 1935 contained 10 schedules, which provided detailed information about administrative divisions and governance.
• The schedules outlined provisions related to federal structure, provincial autonomy, and other administrative details.
• The Act served as the basis for the constitutional framework of British India, influencing future constitutional developments.
• The 10 schedules included subjects like allocation of powers, franchise qualifications, and provisions for minorities.
• Though implemented partially, it was the largest and most detailed act passed by the British Parliament for India.

Additional Information

• Federal Structure: The Act proposed an all-India Federation, including British provinces and princely states, though the federation was never realized.
• Provincial Autonomy: Significant autonomy was granted to provinces, allowing them to legislate on subjects listed in the Provincial List.
• Diarchy Abolished: Diarchy, introduced under the Government of India Act, 1919, was abolished at the provincial level, giving ministers more authority.
• Inspiration for Indian Constitution: The Act's provisions on federalism, administrative divisions, and governance influenced the drafting of the Indian Constitution.
• Schedules in Indian Constitution: The concept of schedules was carried forward into the Indian Constitution, which currently has 12 schedules.

The correct answer is Genetic Industry.

Key Points

• Genetic industry focuses on the reproduction, multiplication, and breeding of plants and animals for commercial purposes.
• This industry involves activities such as animal husbandry, fish farming, forestry, and plant nurseries.
• Products from genetic industries are used for consumption, agriculture, or further industrial processing.
• It is considered a part of primary industries as it deals with naturally occurring resources and their improvement.
• Examples include breeding high-yield crops, aquaculture, and livestock farming.

Additional Information

• Extractive Industry: Deals with extracting natural resources such as minerals, oil, and gas from the earth.
• Manufacturing Industry: Involves converting raw materials into finished goods, such as in factories producing cars or electronics.
• Service Industry: Provides intangible services to customers, such as healthcare, education, or hospitality.
• Genetic Resources: Include germplasm, seeds, and genetic material used in plant and animal breeding for enhanced productivity.
• Importance of Genetic Industry: Helps improve agricultural yield, ensure food security, and support sustainable practices through advancements in biotechnology and breeding techniques.

The correct answer is 1911.

Key Points

• The Bengal Partition of 1905, implemented by Lord Curzon, divided Bengal into East Bengal and West Bengal based on religious demographics.
• It was reversed in 1911 due to widespread protests, boycotts, and the Swadeshi Movement led by Indian nationalists.
• The reversal coincided with the shifting of the capital of British India from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi in the same year.
• The annulment was seen as a victory for Indian nationalism but led to further communal tensions in the region.
• After 1911, Bengal was reunited as a single province under British India.

Additional Information

• Partition of Bengal (1905):
• Implemented by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, to improve administration efficiency.
• It divided Bengal into East Bengal (Muslim-majority) and West Bengal (Hindu-majority).
• The move was criticized as a deliberate attempt to divide Hindus and Muslims.
• Swadeshi Movement:
• Launched as a protest against the partition, promoting the boycott of British goods and the use of Indian-made products.
• Key leaders included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai.
• It played a significant role in the rise of Indian nationalism.
• Delhi as Capital:
• In 1911, the British shifted the capital from Calcutta to Delhi to strengthen their imperial control.
• Delhi was considered geographically strategic for administrative purposes.
• The coronation of King George V in Delhi marked this significant change.
• Impact of Reversal:
• While the reversal of Bengal's partition was celebrated, it sowed seeds of communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims.
• It eventually contributed to the broader demand for separate electorates and later, the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

The correct answer is Behavioural Adaptation.

Key Points

• Behavioural adaptation refers to changes in an organism's behaviour that enhance its ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.
• These adaptations may include activities like migration, hibernation, or changes in feeding habits to cope with environmental challenges.
• For example, birds migrating to warmer climates during winter is a common behavioural adaptation.
• Organisms often develop behavioural adaptations in response to changes in food availability, predation pressure, or climatic conditions.
• Such adaptations help organisms maintain homeostasis and increase their chances of survival in changing environments.

Additional Information

• Adaptation: A process by which organisms adjust to new environmental conditions over generations, ensuring survival and reproduction.
• Types of Adaptations: There are three main types—structural (physical features), physiological (internal body processes), and behavioural (actions or responses).
• Hibernation: A behavioural adaptation where animals enter a dormant state to conserve energy during extreme environmental conditions, such as winter.
• Migration: Seasonal movement of organisms from one habitat to another, often driven by the need for food, mating, or suitable climatic conditions.
• Mimicry: A form of adaptation where organisms imitate the appearance or behaviour of other species to avoid predation or attract prey.

The correct answer is It may lead to increased government borrowing..

Key Points

• A budget deficit occurs when a nation's expenditures exceed its revenue, resulting in a shortfall that needs to be financed.
• Governments often address budget deficits by borrowing funds, typically through the issuance of bonds or other debt instruments.
• Increased borrowing can lead to a rise in national debt, impacting economic stability and future fiscal policies.
• Excessive government borrowing may increase interest rates, as higher demand for capital competes with private sector borrowing.
• Persistent budget deficits can lead to inflationary pressures if financed through monetary expansion, reducing the purchasing power of money.

Additional Information

• National Debt: The accumulated borrowing of a government over time, inclusive of interest payments, often measured as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
• Fiscal Policy: Government strategies for managing revenue and expenditure to influence the economy, including measures to control deficits.
• Inflation: A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services, often exacerbated by deficit financing through excessive money supply.
• Bond Issuance: A common method for governments to borrow money, where investors lend funds in exchange for periodic interest payments and repayment at maturity.
• Crowding Out Effect: When increased government borrowing limits the availability of funds for private sector investment, potentially slowing economic growth.

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Kathak is one of the eight classical dance forms of India and is primarily associated with North India.
• The name "Kathak" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Katha," which means "story," as the dance form is based on storytelling through expressive movements and gestures.
• Kathak has three major gharanas (schools): Lucknow, Jaipur, and Banaras, each known for its unique style and emphasis on different elements of the dance.
• This dance form is characterized by intricate footwork (tatkar), graceful movements, and spins (chakkars), complemented by facial expressions and hand gestures.
• Kathak has a strong connection with both Hindu mythology and Mughal court traditions, showcasing a blend of devotional and secular themes.

Additional Information

• Classical Dance Forms of India: There are eight recognized classical dance forms in India: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniyattam, Odissi, and Sattriya.
• Gharanas: The Lucknow gharana emphasizes grace and expressive storytelling; the Jaipur gharana focuses on intricate footwork; and the Banaras gharana is known for its spiritual themes.
• Instruments in Kathak: Common accompanying instruments include the tabla, pakhawaj, sitar, and sarangi, which provide rhythm and melody to the performance.
• Costumes: Traditional Kathak costumes for women include Anarkali suits with dupattas, while men wear kurta-churidar. Both often feature intricate embroidery and embellishments.
• Bol (Syllables): Kathak dancers use rhythmic syllables called "bols" to synchronize their movements with the music, creating a captivating performance.

The correct answer is Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.

Key Points

• The Bills of Lading Bill, 2024, was introduced by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways in August 2024 in the Lok Sabha.
• The bill aims to replace the existing legislative framework governing bills of lading, which are key documents in maritime trade.
• It seeks to modernize and streamline the process of issuing and managing bills of lading in line with international best practices.
• This legislative update is expected to enhance transparency, reduce fraud, and improve efficiency in India’s shipping and trade sector.
• The bill is part of India’s broader efforts to strengthen its maritime and logistics infrastructure to support its growing economy.

Additional Information

• Bill of Lading:
• A bill of lading is a legal document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment.
• It serves as a shipment receipt, a document of title, and a contract between the shipper and the carrier.
• Digitalization of bills of lading is a growing trend globally to improve efficiency in maritime trade.
• Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways:
• This ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing policies related to shipping, ports, and waterways in India.
• It oversees major ports, inland waterways, and maritime trade regulations.
• It plays a crucial role in the development of India’s maritime infrastructure to boost economic growth.
• Maritime Trade in India:
• India has a coastline of over 7,500 km and relies heavily on maritime trade for its economic activities.
• Approximately 95% of India’s trade by volume and 70% by value is conducted through maritime routes.
• Modernizing laws and infrastructure is essential to support India’s role in global trade.
• International Maritime Organization (IMO):
• The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping.
• It promotes safe, secure, and efficient shipping on clean oceans.
• India’s new bill aligns with IMO standards to improve global interoperability in maritime trade.

The correct answer is Literature.

Key Points

• The 'Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar' is awarded by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• The award recognizes outstanding achievement by young artists in the fields of Music, Dance, and Theatre.
• This puraskar specifically aims at promoting young talent in performing arts and is intended for artists below the age of 40.
• Literature is not included as a category for the Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar, as it focuses solely on performing arts.
• The award was instituted in 2006 to honor the legacy of Ustad Bismillah Khan, the legendary shehnai maestro.

Additional Information

• Sangeet Natak Akademi: It is India’s national academy for performing arts, established in 1952 to preserve and promote Indian cultural heritage.
• Performing Arts: This category includes disciplines such as classical music, folk music, dance, drama, and theatre, which are the focus of the Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar.
• Ustad Bismillah Khan: A celebrated Indian shehnai player, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2001 for his exceptional contribution to Indian music.
• Other Awards by Sangeet Natak Akademi: The Akademi also presents the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards to honor lifetime contributions to performing arts.
• Eligibility for the Puraskar: Nominees must be below 40 years of age and have demonstrated exceptional talent in their respective fields of performing arts.

The correct answer is Krishna Leela.

Key Points

• Dhanu Yatra is celebrated annually in Odisha and is considered the largest open-air theatre in the world.
• The festival is based on the Krishna Leela, depicting episodes from the life of Lord Krishna, especially his confrontation with King Kansa.
• The event is held in Bargarh district, where the entire town transforms into a stage representing Mathura and Gopapur.
• During the celebration, King Kansa
• Dhanu Yatra signifies the victory of good over evil, symbolizing the end of Kansa’s tyranny by Lord Krishna.

Additional Information

• Krishna Leela: A dramatic representation of various episodes from Lord Krishna’s life, highlighting themes of devotion, valor, and divine intervention.
• King Kansa: He is a mythological antagonist in Hindu scriptures, known for his tyranny over Mathura and attempts to kill Krishna.
• Open-Air Theatre: Dhanu Yatra is unique as it uses the entire town as a stage, allowing the audience to immerse themselves in the mythological narrative.
• Duration: The festival typically spans 11 days, with a detailed enactment of events leading up to Kansa’s defeat.
• UNESCO Recognition Efforts: Efforts are underway to include Dhanu Yatra in UNESCO’s list of intangible cultural heritage due to its cultural significance.

The correct answer is Jayashri Ramnath.

Key Points

• Jayashri Ramnath, popularly known as Bombay Jayashri, is a renowned Carnatic vocalist from Tamil Nadu.
• She earned the title 'Bombay' due to her family’s association with Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and her upbringing in the city.
• Jayashri is celebrated for her melodious voice, versatile music repertoire, and dedication to traditional Carnatic music.
• She has received numerous awards, including the prestigious Padma Shri in 2021 for her contributions to Indian music.
• Her performances have gained international acclaim, and she has represented Indian classical music on various global platforms.

Additional Information

• Carnatic Music:
• Carnatic music is a classical music tradition from South India with roots in ancient Hindu practices.
• It emphasizes intricate compositions called kritis and improvisational techniques like raga alapana.
• Famous composers include Thyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Shyama Shastri.
• Padma Awards:
• These are the highest civilian awards in India, conferred in three categories: Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
• They recognize achievements in art, literature, science, sports, and other fields.
• International Recognition:
• Bombay Jayashri represented Indian classical music at the Oscars with her song in the film Life of Pi, which was nominated for Best Original Score.
• She frequently collaborates with international artists, promoting Indian music globally.
• Other Prominent Carnatic Singers:
• M.S. Subbulakshmi – First musician to receive Bharat Ratna.
• T.M. Krishna – Known for innovative approaches to Carnatic music.
• Nithyasree Mahadevan – Granddaughter of the legendary D.K. Pattammal.

The correct answer is Piyush Goyal.

Key Points

• Piyush Goyal is the current Cabinet Minister for the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in India as of September 2024.
• He has held this position since May 31, 2019, under the second term of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government.
• In addition to Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal has also served in portfolios like Railways, Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, and Coal.
• As the Commerce and Industry Minister, he has been actively involved in promoting exports, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and implementing key trade policies.
• Under his leadership, India has worked towards free trade agreements (FTAs) with multiple nations to enhance global trade relations.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Commerce and Industry:
• The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is responsible for formulating and implementing policies for India's international trade and economic growth.
• It consists of two departments: the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) and the Department of Commerce.
• Key initiatives under the ministry include 'Make in India,' 'Startup India,' and 'Ease of Doing Business' reforms.
• Free Trade Agreements (FTAs):
• FTAs are arrangements between two or more countries that aim to reduce or eliminate trade barriers like tariffs and import quotas.
• India has signed FTAs with countries including Japan, South Korea, and ASEAN nations.
• Recent negotiations under Piyush Goyal have focused on FTAs with the UK, EU, and Canada.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
• FDI involves investments made by a company or individual in one country into business interests located in another country.
• India has seen a significant increase in FDI inflows under Piyush Goyal's tenure, with reforms in sectors like manufacturing, retail, and infrastructure.
• Export Promotion:
• Export promotion refers to efforts aimed at increasing the sale of domestic goods in international markets.
• Under Piyush Goyal, India has introduced several export incentives and schemes like RoDTEP (Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products).
• Key export sectors include textiles, pharmaceuticals, IT services, and engineering goods.

The correct answer is Geological events over millions of years.

Key Points

• Geological time refers to the vast time scale of Earth's history, spanning billions of years since the planet's formation approximately 4.6 billion years ago.
• It is divided into hierarchical units, such as eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages, based on significant geological and biological events.
• These time intervals help scientists understand the evolution of life, climate changes, and geological processes over Earth's history.
• Geological time is primarily determined by studying rock strata, fossils, and radiometric dating techniques.
• Major events in Earth's history, such as the extinction of dinosaurs or the formation of continents, are marked within this framework.

Additional Information

• Eons: The largest divisions of geological time, including the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic eons.
• Fossil Records: Fossils provide evidence of past life forms and help correlate the age of rock layers in different locations.
• Radiometric Dating: A method used to determine the age of rocks and fossils by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes.
• Uniformitarianism: The principle stating that geological processes observed today have operated in the same way throughout Earth's history.
• Mass Extinctions: Events where a significant percentage of Earth's species became extinct, marking transitions between geological periods.

The correct answer is Atharvaveda.

Key Points

• The Gopatha Brahmana is the only Brahmana text associated exclusively with the Atharvaveda.
• It provides explanations and interpretations of the rituals and practices outlined in the Atharvaveda.
• The text is divided into two parts: Pūrva (Eastern) and Uttara (Western), focusing on ritualistic aspects and philosophical discussions.
• Unlike other Brahmanas, the Gopatha Brahmana does not belong to a specific shakha (branch) of the Atharvaveda and is considered a general Brahmana text for the entire Veda.
• It is known for its unique content compared to Brahmanas of other Vedas, focusing more on theoretical knowledge than practical rituals.

Additional Information

• Brahmanas: Ancient Indian texts that explain the rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices mentioned in the Vedas.
• Atharvaveda: One of the four Vedas, primarily focused on knowledge, healing, and practical wisdom.
• Structure of Vedic Literature: Consists of four parts: Samhitas (hymns), Brahmanas (rituals), Aranyakas (theological reflections), and Upanishads (philosophical teachings).
• Shakhas: Schools or branches of Vedic knowledge, each with its own traditions and interpretations.
• Importance of Brahmanas: They serve as a bridge between the hymns of the Vedas and the philosophical discussions in the Upanishads by focusing on rituals and their significance.

The correct answer is Haryana.

Key Points

• Haryana had the lowest child sex ratio in India as per Census 2011, with just 834 girls per 1,000 boys.
• Child sex ratio refers to the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the age group of 0-6 years, serving as a key indicator of gender disparity.
• The low ratio in Haryana is attributed to gender-based discrimination, cultural preferences for male children, and the practice of sex-selective abortions.
• Despite several government initiatives, Haryana continues to face challenges in addressing deep-rooted societal biases against girl children.
• States like Chhattisgarh and Arunachal Pradesh had significantly better child sex ratios, with figures such as 972 and 972 respectively, indicating less gender disparity.

Additional Information

• Child Sex Ratio (CSR):
• It is a demographic metric used to measure the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the age group of 0-6 years.
• A declining CSR is often indicative of gender-biased practices such as female feticide and neglect of girl children.
• Reasons for Low Child Sex Ratio:
• Societal preference for male children due to inheritance laws, economic factors, and cultural practices.
• Access to technology enabling sex-selective abortions despite legal prohibitions.
• Government Initiatives:
• The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme was launched in 2015 to address the declining CSR in districts like those in Haryana.
• Strict implementation of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act to prevent sex-selective abortions.
• Impact of Low CSR:
• Skewed gender ratios lead to social issues such as increased violence against women and challenges in marriage patterns.
• It also reflects systemic inequality and loss of potential human capital due to the neglect of female children.

The correct answer is 0.002.

Key Points

• According to the Census of India 2001, the percentage of immigrant population from Afghanistan in India was 0.002%.
• The Census of India is conducted every ten years to collect demographic, social, and economic data across the country.
• Immigrants from Afghanistan primarily settled in regions such as Delhi, Mumbai, and other urban centers for better livelihood opportunities.
• Afghan immigrants in India include refugees fleeing conflict, as well as individuals seeking education, business, or family reunification.
• India has historically served as a host country for refugees from neighboring nations, including Afghanistan, due to its geopolitical proximity and cultural ties.

Additional Information

• Census of India:
• The Census is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• It is a comprehensive enumeration of the population, collecting data on variables such as age, gender, occupation, religion, literacy, and migration.
• The Census of India is one of the oldest such exercises globally, with the first census conducted in 1872.
• The data is used for policymaking, resource allocation, and socio-economic planning.
• Immigration:
• Immigration refers to the movement of individuals from one country to another for various reasons, including work, study, or seeking asylum.
• India hosts immigrants from several neighboring countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
• Immigration trends often reflect geopolitical conditions, such as wars, economic instability, or natural disasters.
• Afghan Refugees:
• India is home to many Afghan refugees who have fled political unrest, persecution, and violence in Afghanistan.
• India provides limited support to Afghan refugees, including access to education, healthcare, and informal employment opportunities.
• The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) works closely with the Indian government to assist Afghan refugees.
• India-Afghanistan Relations:
• India and Afghanistan share strong cultural, historical, and economic ties.
• India has been a significant development partner for Afghanistan, contributing to infrastructure, education, and healthcare projects.
• India's strategic proximity to Afghanistan has made it a preferred destination for Afghan immigrants over the years.

The correct answer is Poultry farming.

Key Points

• Poultry farming is an example of a genetic industry as it involves the breeding and rearing of birds, primarily chickens, for meat and eggs.
• Genetic industries are those that involve the cultivation, breeding, or propagation of living organisms to produce goods, such as poultry, livestock, or fisheries.
• In poultry farming, genetic selection is used to improve desirable traits like growth rate, egg production, and disease resistance.
• Unlike extractive industries (e.g., mining), genetic industries depend on renewable biological processes to sustain production over time.
• Poultry farming plays a critical role in agriculture by providing a sustainable source of protein and contributing to rural livelihoods worldwide.

Additional Information

• Genetic Industry: Refers to industries involved in the cultivation or breeding of plants and animals, such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and animal husbandry.
• Examples of Genetic Industries: Poultry farming, dairy farming, fisheries, horticulture, and apiculture (beekeeping).
• Contrast with Extractive Industries: Extractive industries, like mining and quarrying, involve the extraction of non-renewable natural resources, while genetic industries rely on renewable resources and biological processes.
• Importance of Poultry Farming: It contributes significantly to food security, employment generation, and the economy, especially in developing countries.
• Technological Advances: Modern poultry farming uses advanced techniques such as controlled breeding, genetic engineering, and automated rearing systems to maximize production efficiency.

The correct answer is 1985.

Key Points

• The Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985 by the Government of India to honor outstanding coaches in sports and games.
• It is named after Dronacharya, the legendary mentor from the Indian epic Mahabharata, symbolizing excellence in coaching.
• The award recognizes coaches who have produced medal-winning athletes at international events like the Olympics, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games.
• Recipients of the award receive a cash prize, a bronze statuette of Dronacharya, and a certificate of merit.
• The selection process is conducted annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

Additional Information

• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award:
• Instituted in 1991-92, it is India’s highest sporting honor, awarded for outstanding performance over a period of four years.
• Recipients receive a medallion, certificate, and cash prize.
• The award was renamed Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award in 2021.
• Arjuna Award:
• Established in 1961, it honors athletes for consistent performance in national and international events.
• Recipients are awarded a bronze statuette, certificate, and cash prize.
• Major Dhyan Chand Award:
• Introduced in 2002, it is given for lifetime achievement in sports and games.
• Named after Major Dhyan Chand, a legendary hockey player.
• National Sports Day:
• Celebrated annually on August 29, marking the birth anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand.
• On this day, major sports awards like the Dronacharya, Arjuna, and Khel Ratna are presented.

The correct answer is density of solute.

Key Points

• The 'mass by volume percentage' represents the mass of the solute per 100 mL of the solution.
• 'Volume by volume percentage' represents the volume of the solute per 100 mL of the solution.
• The ratio of 'mass by volume percentage' to 'volume by volume percentage' provides the density of the solute because density is defined as mass per unit volume.
• This relationship is derived from the formula: Density = Mass / Volume.
• It is important to note that this calculation assumes the volume of the solute is used directly in the denominator without considering solution interactions.

Additional Information

• Density: Density is a physical property defined as mass per unit volume, commonly expressed in units like g/mL or kg/m³.
• Mass by Volume Percentage: It is calculated as (mass of solute / volume of solution) × 100, representing the concentration of a solution.
• Volume by Volume Percentage: It is calculated as (volume of solute / volume of solution) × 100, often used for liquid-liquid solutions.
• Solute and Solvent: In a solution, the solute is the substance dissolved, while the solvent is the medium in which the solute is dissolved.
• Applications: Understanding density and concentration is crucial in fields like chemistry, biology, and material sciences for solution preparation and analysis.

Shortcut Trick

Cost price per apple = 1210 ÷ 100 = ₹12.10

Profit per apple = 860 ÷ 400 = ₹2.15

Selling price per apple = 12.10 + 2.15 = ₹14.25

Selling price per dozen = 14.25 × 12 = ₹171

∴ The correct answer is ₹171.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total apples bought = 400

Cost Price (CP) per 100 apples = ₹1210

Total Profit = ₹860

1 Dozen = 12 apples

Formula Used:

Total SP = Total CP + Total Profit

SP per dozen = (Total SP ÷ Total apples) × 12

Total CP = ₹4840

Profit = ₹860

Total SP (400 apples) = ₹5700

SP per Dozen = ₹171

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP of 400 apples = 1210 × (400 ÷ 100) = ₹4840

⇒ Total SP of 400 apples = 4840 + 860 = ₹5700

⇒ SP of 1 apple = 5700 ÷ 400 = ₹14.25

⇒ SP of 1 dozen (12 apples) = 14.25 × 12 = ₹171

∴ The correct answer is ₹171.

Additional Information

Basic Profit & Loss Formulas

Profit = Selling Price (SP) − Cost Price (CP) | Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

Unitary Method

To find the price of multiple items, calculate the price of a single item first (Total Value ÷ Total Quantity), then multiply by the required number of items.

Common Quantities

1 Dozen = 12 items | 1 Score = 20 items | 1 Gross = 144 items (12 dozens).

Shortcut Trick

When amounts are equal at CI, ratio of principal shares P₂ / P₁ = (1 + R / 100)^{t1 − t2}

Time for Ketan = 23 − 15 = 8 years | Time for Mahesh = 23 − 16 = 7 years

Ratio Mahesh : Ketan = (1 + 4/100)^{8 − 7} = 104 / 100 = 26 / 25

Total parts = 26 + 25 = 51 parts ⇒ ₹25500

Mahesh's share = 26 parts = 26 × (25500 ÷ 51) = ₹13000

∴ The correct answer is ₹13000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total money distributed = ₹25500

Age of Ketan = 15 years, Age of Mahesh = 16 years

Target age for receiving money = 23 years

Rate of interest (R) = 4% compounded annually

Formula Used:

Compound Interest Amount, A = P(1 + R/100)^t

Equal Amount at CI

Ketan (15y) Share = 25 parts

t = 8 yrs @ 4%

Mahesh (16y) Share = 26 parts

t = 7 yrs @ 4%

Equal Amount at age 23

Ratio Mahesh : Ketan = 26 : 25

Calculations:

⇒ Time for Ketan (t₁) = 23 − 15 = 8 years

⇒ Time for Mahesh (t₂) = 23 − 16 = 7 years

⇒ Let the initial amount given to Ketan be K and to Mahesh be M.

⇒ Both receive equal amount at age 23:

⇒ K(1 + 4/100)⁸ = M(1 + 4/100)⁷

⇒ K(104/100)⁸ = M(104/100)⁷

⇒ M / K = (104/100)^{8 − 7} = 104 / 100

⇒ M / K = 26 / 25

⇒ The ratio of their initial shares is M : K = 26 : 25

⇒ Total ratio parts = 26 + 25 = 51 parts

⇒ Total sum = ₹25500

⇒ 1 part = 25500 ÷ 51 = ₹500

⇒ Mahesh's share (M) = 26 parts = 26 × 500 = ₹13000

∴ The correct answer is ₹13000.

Additional Information

Equal Amounts at CI

When a sum is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ such that they yield equal amounts at compound interest, their ratio depends only on the difference in time periods: P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t2 − t1}.

Compound Interest Formula

The amount A after time t years at rate R% compounded annually is given directly by A = P(1 + R/100)^t.

Rule of Thumb

The person whose money is invested for a lesser time period must receive a larger principal share initially so that both amounts become mathematically equal at the end.

Shortcut Trick

Convert the successive percentage changes directly into multiplying factors:

⇒ 25% decrease = 3/4

⇒ 35% decrease = 13/20

⇒ 40% decrease = 3/5

⇒ 60% increase = 8/5

⇒ Net Multiplying Factor = (3/4) × (13/20) × (3/5) × (8/5) = 936 / 2000 = 0.468

⇒ The final price is 46.8% of original, meaning an overall decrease of 100% − 46.8% = 53.2%.

∴ The correct answer is 53.2% decrease.

Alternate Method

Given:

Successive changes in fuel price: −25%, −35%, −40% and +60%.

Method Used:

Ratio Method: Convert each percentage to a fraction and establish the Initial : Final ratio.

100 75 48.75 29.25 46.8

Original Month 4

-25%

-35%

-40%

+60%

Net Change: 100 − 46.8 = 53.2% Decrease

Calculations:

⇒ 25% decrease = 1/4 → Initial = 4, Final = 3

⇒ 35% decrease = 7/20 → Initial = 20, Final = 13

⇒ 40% decrease = 2/5 → Initial = 5, Final = 3

⇒ 60% increase = 3/5 → Initial = 5, Final = 8

⇒ Overall Initial Value = 4 × 20 × 5 × 5 = 2000

⇒ Overall Final Value = 3 × 13 × 3 × 8 = 936

⇒ Scaling the Initial Value down to 100 for easy percentage calculation:

⇒ New Initial = 2000 ÷ 20 = 100

⇒ New Final = 936 ÷ 20 = 46.8

⇒ Percentage decrease = ((100 − 46.8) ÷ 100) × 100 = 53.2%

∴ The correct answer is 53.2% decrease.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

For two successive changes of a% and b%, the net percentage change is calculated using the standard formula: Net % = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100. This is optimal for integer values.

Ratio Method for Successive Changes

When handling three or more percentage changes or dealing with complex fractional percentages, converting each change into an Initial : Final ratio and multiplying them avoids lengthy decimal calculations.

Multiplying Factor Approach

An x% increase translates to multiplying the base value by (1 + x/100), while an x% decrease multiplies it by (1 − x/100). Successive changes are evaluated by multiplying all corresponding factors sequentially.

Shortcut Trick

If the overall average of a group is equal to the average of a specific subset, the average of the remaining subset must also be exactly the same.

Net deviation of the 3 players from overall average = 3 × (55 − 55) = 0.

To balance the total average, the net deviation of the remaining 2 players must also be 0.

Average of the remaining 2 players = 55 + (0 ÷ 2) = 55.

∴ The correct answer is 55.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of players = 5

Overall average score of 5 players = 55

Average score of 3 of these players = 55

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of values ÷ Number of values

Sum of values = Average × Number of values

Total 5 Players: Overall Average = 55

3 Players Average = 55

2 Players Average = ?

Result: Required Average = 55

Calculations:

⇒ Total score of all 5 players = 5 × 55 = 275

⇒ Total score of the 3 players = 3 × 55 = 165

⇒ Score of the remaining 2 players = Total score of 5 players − Total score of 3 players

⇒ Score of the remaining 2 players = 275 − 165 = 110

⇒ Average score of the remaining 2 players = 110 ÷ 2 = 55

∴ The correct answer is 55.

Additional Information

Combined Average

When two groups with sizes n₁ and n₂ have individual averages A₁ and A₂, the combined average is calculated as: A = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Method

The sum of all deviations of a set of observations from their arithmetic average is always equal to zero. Deviation is calculated as (Observation value − Average).

Weighted Average

Used when items have different frequencies or weights. Weighted Average = (w₁x₁ + w₂x₂ + ... + w_nx_n) ÷ (w₁ + w₂ + ... + w_n).

Shortcut Trick

The required number is the HCF of (2248 − 3) and (1761 − 1).

⇒ Required HCF = HCF of 2245 and 1760

Since the last digits of 2245 and 1760 are 5 and 0 respectively, both numbers are exactly divisible by 5.

Checking the given options, only 5 perfectly divides both 2245 and 1760.

∴ The correct answer is 5.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers to be divided = 2248 and 1761

Respective remainders = 3 and 1

Formula Used:

Required number = HCF of (N₁ − R₁) and (N₂ − R₂)

Calculation:

⇒ First Number = 2248 − 3 = 2245

⇒ Second Number = 1761 − 1 = 1760

⇒ Required Number = HCF of 2245 and 1760

⇒ Prime factorization of 2245 = 5 × 449

⇒ Prime factorization of 1760 = 2⁵ × 5 × 11

⇒ The highest common factor of both the numbers is 5.

∴ The correct answer is 5.

Additional Information

HCF leaving different remainders

The greatest number that divides a, b, and c leaving remainders x, y, and z respectively is the HCF of (a − x), (b − y), and (c − z).

HCF leaving same remainder (known)

The greatest number that divides a, b, and c leaving the same remainder r in each case is the HCF of (a − r), (b − r), and (c − r).

HCF leaving same remainder (unknown)

The greatest number that divides a, b, and c leaving the same unknown remainder in each case is the HCF of |a − b|, |b − c|, and |c − a|.

LCM leaving same remainder

The smallest number that, when divided by a, b, and c, leaves the same remainder r in each case is given by [LCM of (a, b, c)] + r.

Shortcut Trick

Convert the time directly into hours: 35 min 15 sec = 35.25 min = 35.25 ÷ 60 hr = 47/80 hr.

Distance = Speed × Time

Distance = 65 × (47 ÷ 80) = 611 ÷ 16 = 38.1875 km.

Separate km and m: 38 km + (0.1875 × 1000) m = 38 km and 187.5 m.

∴ The correct answer is 38 km and 187.5 m.

Alternate Method

Speed = 65 km/h Time = 35 min 15 sec

Distance = ?

Given:

Speed = 65 km/h

Time = 35 min 15 sec

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Time = 35 min + 15 sec = 35 + (15 ÷ 60) min = 35.25 min

⇒ Time in hours = 35.25 ÷ 60 hr = 141 ÷ 240 hr = 47 ÷ 80 hr

⇒ Distance = 65 × (47 ÷ 80)

⇒ Distance = 13 × (47 ÷ 16) = 611 ÷ 16

⇒ Distance = 38.1875 km

⇒ Distance = 38 km + 0.1875 × 1000 m

⇒ Distance = 38 km + 187.5 m

∴ The correct answer is 38 km and 187.5 m.

Additional Information

Unit Conversions

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply the value by 5 ÷ 18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply the value by 18 ÷ 5.

Relative Speed

If two objects move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds (S₁ − S₂). If they move in opposite directions, it is the sum of their speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Average Speed

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time. If equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, then Average Speed = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed of trains in opposite directions = 50 + 80 = 130 km/h.

Convert speed to m/s: 130 × (5/18) = 325/9 m/s.

Total distance covered = Speed × Time = (325/9) × 28 = 9100/9 ≈ 1011.11 m.

Length of the second train = Total distance − Length of the first train.

Length of second train = 1011.11 − 480 = 531.11 m.

∴ The correct answer is 531.11 m.

Alternate Method

Train 1 = 480 m

50 km/h

Train 2 = L2

80 km/h

Crossing Time = 28 sec

Given:

Speed of the first train (S₁) = 50 km/h

Speed of the second train (S₂) = 80 km/h

Length of the first train (L₁) = 480 m

Time taken to cross each other (T) = 28 seconds

Formula Used:

When two objects move in opposite directions, Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂

Distance = Speed × Time

Total Distance to cross = L₁ + L₂

Conversion: Speed in m/s = Speed in km/h × (5/18)

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = 50 + 80 = 130 km/h

⇒ Relative Speed in m/s = 130 × (5/18) = 650/18 = 325/9 m/s

⇒ Total Distance = Relative Speed × Time

⇒ L₁ + L₂ = (325/9) × 28

⇒ 480 + L₂ = 9100 / 9

⇒ 480 + L₂ = 1011.11 m

⇒ L₂ = 1011.11 − 480

⇒ L₂ = 531.11 m

∴ The correct answer is 531.11 m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = |S₁ − S₂|.
When two objects move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Trains Crossing a Stationary Object

If a train of length L crosses a point object (like a man or pole), the distance covered = L.
If it crosses an object with length P (like a platform or bridge), the total distance covered = L + P.

Average Speed

If a journey consists of equal distances traveled at speeds S₁ and S₂, the Average Speed = (2 × S₁ × S₂) ÷ (S₁ + S₂).

Shortcut Trick

For 2 years, the direct ratio relation between Compound Interest (CI) and Simple Interest (SI) is:

⇒ CI ÷ SI = (200 + R) ÷ 200

⇒ 127.5 ÷ SI = (200 + 4) ÷ 200 = 204 ÷ 200 = 51 ÷ 50

⇒ SI = (127.5 × 50) ÷ 51 = 2.5 × 50 = ₹125

∴ The correct answer is ₹125.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rate of Interest (R) = 4% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

Compound Interest (CI) = ₹127.5

Principal & Time (2 Yr)

Effective CI = 8.16%

Effective SI = 8%

CI = ₹127.5 SI = ? SI = (127.5 ÷ 8.16) × 8 = ₹125

Formula Used:

Effective CI rate for 2 years = X + Y + (X × Y) ÷ 100

Effective SI rate = Rate × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Effective CI rate = 4 + 4 + (4 × 4) ÷ 100 = 8.16%

⇒ Effective SI rate for 2 years = 4 × 2 = 8%

⇒ According to the question, 8.16% of the Principal amounts to ₹127.5

⇒ 1% corresponds to = 127.5 ÷ 8.16 = ₹15.625

⇒ Simple Interest (8%) = 15.625 × 8 = ₹125

∴ The correct answer is ₹125.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI)

Interest calculated uniformly only on the principal amount for the entire period. Formula: SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100.

Effective Compound Interest (CI) Rate

For 2 years, the effective rate of CI can be calculated using successive percentage change: Effective Rate = 2R + (R² ÷ 100)%.

Difference Between CI and SI for 2 Years

The exact difference between compound interest and simple interest for a two-year period is mathematically given by CI − SI = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Ratio of CI to SI for 2 Years

A direct proportional relationship between CI and SI for exactly a 2-year term is CI ÷ SI = (200 + R) ÷ 200, which can instantly solve missing value questions.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM(28, 18, 16) = 1008 units

Efficiency of (A + B + C) = 1008 ÷ 16 = 63 units/day

Efficiency of A = 63 − (1008 ÷ 18) = 63 − 56 = 7 units/day

Efficiency of C = 63 − (1008 ÷ 28) = 63 − 36 = 27 units/day

Time taken by (A + C) = 1008 ÷ (7 + 27) = 1008 ÷ 34 = 504 ÷ 17 = 29¹¹/₁₇ days

∴ The correct answer is 29¹¹/₁₇ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A and B = 28 days

Time taken by B and C = 18 days

Time taken by A, B and C together = 16 days

⇒ Efficiency of A = Efficiency of (A + B + C) − Efficiency of (B + C)

⇒ Efficiency of A = 63 − 56 = 7 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of C = Efficiency of (A + B + C) − Efficiency of (A + B)

⇒ Efficiency of C = 63 − 36 = 27 units/day

⇒ Combined efficiency of A and C = 7 + 27 = 34 units/day

⇒ Time required by A and C = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency

⇒ Time required = 1008 ÷ 34 = 504 ÷ 17 days

⇒ Time required = 29¹¹/₁₇ days

∴ The correct answer is 29¹¹/₁₇ days.

Additional Information

Total Work Concept

Total work is considered as the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given individual times taken by each person or group.

Efficiency Formula

Efficiency is defined as the total work done per unit time. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken.

Combined Work

When multiple people work together, their combined total efficiency is always the sum of their individual efficiencies.

Shortcut Trick

For terms in continued proportion, the product of extremes equals the product of means.

Given the third proportional condition: a : b :: b : ab

We can directly write: a × ab = b × b

a²b = b²

Dividing by b on both sides, we get a² = b.

∴ The correct answer is a² = b.

Alternate Method

Given:

First number = a

Second number = b

Third proportional = ab

Formula Used:

If c is the third proportional to a and b, then a : b = b : c, which implies c = b² / a.

Third Proportional Condition: a : b = b : c

a

:

b

::

b

:

ab

Product of Means = Product of Extremes

Calculation:

⇒ a / b = b / ab

Cross-multiplying the proportional terms:

⇒ a × ab = b × b

⇒ a²b = b²

Assuming b ≠ 0 (since proportional base values are non-zero), divide both sides by b:

⇒ a² = b

∴ The correct answer is a² = b.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

For two numbers a and b, the third proportional c is calculated using the standard continued proportion a : b = b : c, which yields the formula c = b² / a.

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional (or geometric mean) between two positive numbers a and b is represented by the formula √(ab).

Fourth Proportional

For three numbers a, b, and c, the fourth proportional d is found using the direct proportion a : b = c : d, which implies d = (bc) / a.

Shortcut Trick

Since the number x is perfectly divisible by 7, we can directly check the given options for divisibility by 7.

390 ÷ 7 → Remainder 5

930 ÷ 7 → Remainder 6

903 ÷ 7 → Remainder 0 (Exactly divisible)

309 ÷ 7 → Remainder 1

∴ The correct answer is 903.

Alternate Method

Given:

Divisors = 12, 15, 18, 20 and 25

Remainder in each case = 3

The number is exactly divisible by 7.

Concept Used:

The least number which when divided by given numbers leaves a common remainder r is of the form: (LCM of numbers) × k + r, where k is a positive integer (1, 2, 3, ...).

Calculations:

⇒ First, find the LCM of 12, 15, 18, 20, 25 using prime factorization:

⇒ 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ 15 = 3 × 5

⇒ 18 = 2 × 3²

⇒ 20 = 2² × 5

⇒ 25 = 5²

⇒ LCM = 2² × 3² × 5² = 4 × 9 × 25 = 900

⇒ The required number x must be of the form: 900k + 3

⇒ Given that x is divisible by 7, so (900k + 3) must be a multiple of 7.

⇒ We can rewrite 900k + 3 as: (128 × 7 + 4)k + 3

⇒ 900k + 3 = 128 × 7k + (4k + 3)

⇒ Since 128 × 7k is completely divisible by 7, the remainder term (4k + 3) must also be divisible by 7.

⇒ Let's check values for k:

⇒ If k = 1: 4(1) + 3 = 7 (Which is perfectly divisible by 7)

⇒ So, the least value of x is obtained when k = 1.

⇒ x = 900(1) + 3 = 903

∴ The correct answer is 903.

Additional Information

Same Remainder Concept

The least number which leaves the same remainder 'r' when divided by a, b, and c is given by the formula: LCM(a, b, c) + r.

Different Remainder Concept

If the respective differences between divisors and remainders are the same (i.e., a−x = b−y = c−z = k), the required number is: LCM(a, b, c) − k.

Divisibility Rule of 7

Double the last digit of the number and subtract it from the remaining part. If the result is 0 or a multiple of 7, the original number is divisible by 7.

Shortcut Trick

The equivalent discount of two successive discounts x% and y% is approximately equal to their sum (x + y)% for comparison purposes.

Scheme 1: 10 + 3 = 13% | Scheme 2: 10 + 10 = 20%

Scheme 3: 7 + 10 = 17% | Scheme 4: 5 + 10 = 15%

Scheme 2 has the highest sum, thereby yielding the highest equivalent discount of 19%.

∴ The correct answer is Two successive discounts of 10% each (19%).

Alternate Method

Given:

Scheme 1: 10% and 3%

Scheme 2: 10% and 10%

Scheme 3: 7% and 10%

Scheme 4: 5% and 10%

Formula Used:

Equivalent discount for two successive discounts x% and y% = (x + y − x × y / 100)%

Effective Discount % Comparison 10% and 3%

12.7% 10% and 10%

19.0% (Highest) 7% and 10%

16.3% 5% and 10%

14.5%

Calculations:

⇒ Discount for Scheme 1 = 10 + 3 − (10 × 3) / 100 = 13 − 0.3 = 12.7%

⇒ Discount for Scheme 2 = 10 + 10 − (10 × 10) / 100 = 20 − 1 = 19%

⇒ Discount for Scheme 3 = 7 + 10 − (7 × 10) / 100 = 17 − 0.7 = 16.3%

⇒ Discount for Scheme 4 = 5 + 10 − (5 × 10) / 100 = 15 − 0.5 = 14.5%

⇒ Scheme 2 provides the highest overall discount at 19%.

∴ The correct answer is Two successive discounts of 10% each (19%).

Additional Information

Successive Discounts Formula

When two discounts of x% and y% are given consecutively, the overall effective discount is calculated using the formula (x + y − x × y / 100)%.

Marked Price vs Selling Price

The final Selling Price (SP) after successive discounts d₁% and d₂% is determined as SP = MP × (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100).

Buy X Get Y Free

For promotional offers formatted as 'Buy X Get Y Free', the equivalent discount percentage is given by (Y ÷ (X + Y)) × 100%.

Shortcut Trick

Total Selling Price (SP) of 5 kg apples = 220 × 5 = Rs. 1100

Total Cost Price (CP) of 5 kg apples = Rs. 875

Profit = Total SP − Total CP = 1100 − 875 = Rs. 225

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 225.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) of 5 kg apples = Rs. 875

Selling Price (SP) of 1 kg apples = Rs. 220

Formula Used:

Total SP = SP per kg × Total Quantity

Profit = Total SP − Total CP

Total CP = Rs. 875

Total SP = Rs. 1100

Profit = Rs. 225

Calculations:

⇒ Total SP of 5 kg apples = 220 × 5 = Rs. 1100

⇒ Profit = Total SP − Total CP

⇒ Profit = 1100 − 875

⇒ Profit = Rs. 225

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 225.

Additional Information

Profit Percentage

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

Loss Percentage

Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100

Marked Price & Discount

Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price (MP) − Discount

Shortcut Trick

For any four values in proportion: Product of extremes = Product of means.

From the first proportion (a, c, bc, d): a × d = c × bc ⇒ ad = bc²

Let the required fourth proportional be x.

From the second proportion (bc²/a, ad/c, c, x): (bc²/a) × x = (ad/c) × c

⇒ (bc²/a) × x = ad ⇒ (bc²/a) × x = bc² ⇒ x = a

∴ The correct answer is a.

Alternate Method

Given:

First set of proportional values = a, c, bc, d

Second set of proportional values = bc²/a, ad/c, c, x (where x is the fourth proportional)

Formula Used:

If p, q, r, s are in proportion, then p : q :: r : s ⇒ p × s = q × r

First Proportion a : c :: bc : d

ad = bc² Second Proportion bc²/a : ad/c :: c : x

Calculations:

⇒ According to the rule of proportion for the first set: a × d = c × bc

⇒ ad = bc²   ... (Equation 1)

⇒ According to the rule of proportion for the second set: (bc²/a) × x = (ad/c) × c

⇒ (bc²/a) × x = ad

⇒ Substitute ad = bc² from Equation 1 into the above expression:

⇒ (bc²/a) × x = bc²

⇒ x / a = 1

⇒ x = a

∴ The correct answer is a.

Additional Information

Fourth Proportional

If four numbers a, b, c, and d are in proportion (a : b :: c : d), then d is the fourth proportional. It is calculated as d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Third Proportional

If three numbers a, b, and c are in continued proportion (a : b :: b : c), then c is the third proportional. It is calculated as c = b² ÷ a.

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is the square root of their product. It is calculated as √(a × b).

Given:

[(22 × 6)× {4 ÷ 4 × ((19-12))/(7)}]

Formula used:

Follow the BODMAS rule: Brackets, Orders (powers/roots), Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction.

Calculations:

Expression: [(22 × 6)× {4 ÷ 4 × ((19 - 12))/(7)}]

⇒ [(22 × 6)× {4 ÷ 4 × (7)/(7)}]

⇒ [(22 × 6)× {4 ÷ 4 × 1}]

⇒ [(22 × 6)× {1 × 1}]

⇒ (22 × 6) × 1

⇒ 132

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

We know that Area ∝ Base × Height.

Therefore, Base Ratio = Area Ratio ÷ Height Ratio.

⇒ Base Ratio = (4 / 3) ÷ (3 / 4)

⇒ Base Ratio = (4 / 3) × (4 / 3) = 16 / 9

∴ The correct answer is 16 : 9.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of areas (A₁ : A₂) = 4 : 3

Ratio of heights (h₁ : h₂) = 3 : 4

Formula Used:

Area of a triangle = ½ × Base × Height

Ratio of Triangle Bases

h₁ = 3 A₁ = 4

Base 1 = b₁

h₂ = 4 A₂ = 3

Base 2 = b₂

Calculations:

⇒ A₁ / A₂ = (½ × b₁ × h₁) / (½ × b₂ × h₂)

⇒ A₁ / A₂ = (b₁ / b₂) × (h₁ / h₂)

Substitute the given ratios:

⇒ 4 / 3 = (b₁ / b₂) × (3 / 4)

⇒ b₁ / b₂ = (4 / 3) × (4 / 3)

⇒ b₁ / b₂ = 16 / 9

∴ The correct answer is 16 : 9.

Additional Information

Area of Equilateral Triangle

When all sides are equal, Area = (√3 / 4) × a², where a is the side length.

Heron's Formula

When all three sides (a, b, c) are known, Area = √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)], where s is the semi-perimeter (a+b+c)/2.

Similar Triangles Property

The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of their corresponding heights or bases.

Shortcut Trick

Let the numbers be 7a and 7b. LCM = 7ab = 126 × 7 ⇒ ab = 126.

Difference = 7a − 7b = 35 ⇒ a − b = 5.

Factors of 126 with a difference of 5 are 14 and 9.

Sum = HCF × (a + b) = 7 × (14 + 9) = 7 × 23 = 161.

∴ The correct answer is 161.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ LCM = 126 × HCF

⇒ HCF = 7

⇒ Difference of numbers = 5 × HCF = 5 × 7 = 35

Formula Used:

⇒ LCM = HCF × a × b (where a and b are co-prime ratios of the numbers)

Number 1 (14 parts) = 98

Number 2 (9 parts) = 63

Diff = 35

Total Sum (23 parts) = 161

Calculations:

⇒ Let the two numbers be 7a and 7b.

⇒ LCM = 7 × a × b

⇒ We know, 7ab = 126 × 7

⇒ ab = 126

⇒ Given difference: 7a − 7b = 35

⇒ 7(a − b) = 35

⇒ a − b = 5

⇒ We need factors of 126 with a difference of 5. These are 14 and 9.

⇒ Therefore, a = 14 and b = 9.

⇒ The first number = 7 × 14 = 98

⇒ The second number = 7 × 9 = 63

⇒ Sum of the numbers = 98 + 63 = 161

∴ The correct answer is 161.

Additional Information

Relation between HCF and LCM

For any two numbers x and y, the product of the numbers is always equal to the product of their HCF and LCM: x × y = HCF × LCM.

Co-prime Factors Concept

When two numbers are expressed as H×a and H×b (where H is the highest common factor), the remaining factors a and b must always be co-prime to each other (i.e., their HCF is 1).

LCM of Fractions

The LCM of two or more fractions is calculated using the formula: LCM of numerators ÷ HCF of denominators.

Shortcut Trick

Total weight of all 3 persons = 45 × 3 = 135 kg.

Total weight of (Gopal + Akshay) = 43 × 2 = 86 kg.

Total weight of (Akshay + Atul) = 43 × 2 = 86 kg.

Since Akshay is counted twice in the two pairs, his weight = Sum of pairs − Total weight.

Weight of Akshay = (86 + 86) − 135 = 172 − 135 = 37 kg.

∴ The correct answer is 37 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of Gopal, Akshay, and Atul = 45 kg

Average weight of Gopal and Akshay = 43 kg

Average weight of Akshay and Atul = 43 kg

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

Gopal + Akshay = 86 kg

Akshay + Atul = 86 kg

Gopal Akshay = ? Atul

Total (Gopal + Akshay + Atul) = 135 kg

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight of Gopal, Akshay, and Atul = 45 × 3 = 135 kg   ---- (i)

⇒ Total weight of Gopal and Akshay = 43 × 2 = 86 kg   ---- (ii)

⇒ Total weight of Akshay and Atul = 43 × 2 = 86 kg   ---- (iii)

⇒ Adding equation (ii) and (iii):

⇒ (Gopal + Akshay) + (Akshay + Atul) = 86 + 86 = 172 kg

⇒ Gopal + 2 × Akshay + Atul = 172 kg

⇒ (Gopal + Akshay + Atul) + Akshay = 172 kg

⇒ Substitute the value of (Gopal + Akshay + Atul) from equation (i):

⇒ 135 + Akshay = 172

⇒ Akshay = 172 − 135 = 37 kg

∴ The correct answer is 37 kg.

Additional Information

Overlapping Averages Method

When the averages of parts of a group overlap to cover the entire group, the value of the overlapping part equals the sum of the parts minus the total value of the entire group.

Combined Average

When combining two groups with averages A₁ and A₂, and number of elements N₁ and N₂ respectively, the combined average is calculated as (N₁×A₁ + N₂×A₂) ÷ (N₁ + N₂).

Net Deviation Technique

An assumed average can be used to simplify calculations. The true average is found by adding the net average deviation to the assumed average: True Average = Assumed Average + (Total Deviation ÷ Total Numbers).

Shortcut Trick

When the rate and time are constant, the difference in Simple Interest is directly proportional to the difference in Principal.

Extra Interest = (Extra Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 100

600 = [(9400 − 5400) × R × 4] ÷ 100

600 = (4000 × R × 4) ÷ 100

160 × R = 600 ⇒ R = 3.75%

∴ The correct answer is 3.75%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Shivam's Investment (P₁) = ₹5400

Rupesh's Investment (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 4 years

Difference in interest received = ₹600

Person Principal Amount

Shivam

₹5400

Rupesh

₹5400

• ₹4000

Extra ₹4000 yields ₹600 interest in 4 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Where P = Principal, R = Rate of interest per annum, T = Time in years

Calculations:

⇒ Let the rate of interest be R% per annum.

⇒ Interest received by Shivam = (5400 × R × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ Interest received by Rupesh = (9400 × R × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ According to the question, Rupesh gets ₹600 more than Shivam:

⇒ [(9400 × R × 4) ÷ 100] − [(5400 × R × 4) ÷ 100] = 600

⇒ (37600R ÷ 100) − (21600R ÷ 100) = 600

⇒ 376R − 216R = 600

⇒ 160R = 600

⇒ R = 600 ÷ 160 = 3.75

∴ The correct answer is 3.75%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest vs Compound Interest

Simple Interest is calculated only on the principal amount, whereas Compound Interest is calculated on the principal amount and the accumulated interest of previous periods.

Formula for Amount in Simple Interest

Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100]

Difference Between CI and SI for 2 Years

Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)². This is a highly useful direct shortcut for competitive exams.

Shortcut Trick

25% directly corresponds to the fraction 1/4 of the total base value.

Number of promoted employees = Total employees ÷ 4

⇒ 1224 ÷ 4 = 306

∴ The correct answer is 306.

Alternate Method

Total Employees = 1224 (100%)

Promoted

Not Promoted (75%)

0%

25% = ? 100%

25% of 1224 = 306

Given:

Total number of employees = 1224

Percentage of employees who got promoted = 25%

Formula Used:

Promoted employees = (Percentage Promoted ÷ 100) × Total Employees

Calculation:

⇒ Promoted employees = (25 ÷ 100) × 1224

⇒ Promoted employees = (1 ÷ 4) × 1224

⇒ Promoted employees = 306

∴ The correct answer is 306.

Additional Information

Fractional Equivalent of Percentages

To calculate standard percentages quickly, always convert them into simplified fractions (e.g., 25% = 1/4, 50% = 1/2, 75% = 3/4).

Base of Percentage

Percentages are always calculated with respect to a base value. In this scenario, the base value (100%) represents the total workforce strength, which is 1224 employees.

Direct Division Technique

You can quickly find 25% of any even number by simply halving the total value twice. For example: 1224 ÷ 2 = 612, and 612 ÷ 2 = 306.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The highlighted misspelled word is 'dyeing'.

• The correct spelling would be 'dying'.
• The word 'dying' refers to the act of ceasing to live or the process of death.

The grammatical error in the sentence is 'must not had'.

• The correct phrase would be 'must not have'.
• This is because the modal verb 'must' is followed by the base form of the auxiliary verb 'have'.

Therefore, the corrected sentence would be:

'The crops are dying; it must not have rained.'

Additional Information

Explanation of options:

• Option 1: 'diying' is misspelled, and 'must not have been' is not the correct replacement.
• Option 2: 'daying' is incorrect, and 'must had not' is grammatically incorrect.
• Option 3: 'dying' is the correct spelling, and 'must not have' is the correct grammatical replacement.
• Option 4: 'dieing' is misspelled, and 'must not be' does not fit the context.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is: Modesty.

Key Points

• The word "Audacity" means boldness or daring, especially in situations where it might be considered reckless or disrespectful. (साहसिकता, दुस्साहस)
• Example: She had the audacity to question the decision of the senior management.
• "Modesty" refers to the quality of being unassuming or moderate in the estimation of one's abilities; it is the opposite of arrogance or boldness. (विनम्रता, नम्रता)
• Example: Despite her achievements, she always displayed great modesty and never boasted about her success.
• Hence, we can infer that the antonym of 'Audacity' is 'Modesty'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Modesty.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Balance (संतुलन): A state of equilibrium or equal distribution.
• Example: Maintaining a balance between work and personal life is essential for mental health.
• Challenge (चुनौती): An invitation to compete or a task requiring effort.
• Example: Winning the competition was a big challenge for her.
• Ability (क्षमता): The power or skill to do something.
• Example: His ability to solve complex problems quickly is impressive.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. very rapid .

Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in the phrase "very rapid."
• Here, the word "rapid" is an adjective, but it has been used to describe the verb "approached," which is incorrect.
• Adjectives cannot modify verbs; instead, adverbs are used to modify verbs.
• The correct adverbial form of "rapid" is "rapidly."

Correct sentence: The storm approached very rapidly, causing panic in the village.

Additional Information

• Adjectives are used to modify nouns or pronouns, whereas adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• Some examples of adjectives and their corresponding adverbs:
• Adjective: Quick | Adverb: Quickly
• Adjective: Happy | Adverb: Happily
• Adjective: Careful | Adverb: Carefully
• Always ensure the correct form is used depending on what you are modifying in a sentence.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'equivocall'.

• The correct spelling would be 'equivocal'.
• The word 'equivocal' is an adjective that means 'open to more than one interpretation or ambiguous'. (संदिग्ध)
• For Example -
• Her answer was equivocal, leaving everyone confused about her stance.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'equivocal'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words -

• Equiivocal - Incorrect spelling. No meaning exists for this word.
• Iquivocal - Incorrect spelling. No meaning exists for this word.
• Equevocal - Incorrect spelling. No meaning exists for this word.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Key Points

• The chef’s "delicious" meal consisted of "vegetables", tender meat, and a "tangy" sauce that delighted everyone at the dinner party.
• The word "delicious" describes the meal appropriately.
• "Vegetables" fits the description of crispy components, and "tangy" suits the sauce perfectly.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: The chef’s delicious meal consisted of crispy vegetables, tender meat, and a tangy sauce that delighted everyone at the dinner party.

Additional Information

• Tangy: means having a sharp, strong, or pleasant taste or flavor.
• Delicious: means highly pleasing to taste.
• Vegetables: refers to crispy and fresh edible plant components used in meals.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "Tramp" refers to a person who travels from place to place, often without a permanent home or job, and may live by begging. (भिखारी या घुमंतू व्यक्ति)
• Example: The tramp wandered the streets, looking for a place to sleep.
• "Wanderer" is a synonym for tramp, referring to someone who roams or travels aimlessly without a fixed destination. (यात्री या भटकने वाला व्यक्ति)
• Example: He was a wanderer at heart, always seeking new adventures in distant lands.
• Hence, we can conclude that the most appropriate synonym of 'Tramp' is 'Wanderer'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Doctor (डॉक्टर): A person licensed to practice medicine and treat illnesses.
• Example: The doctor examined the patient carefully before prescribing medicine.
• Actor (अभिनेता): A person who performs in plays, movies, or television shows.
• Example: He is a talented actor known for his roles in dramatic films.
• Professor (प्रोफेसर): A teacher of the highest rank in a college or university.
• Example: The professor delivered an enlightening lecture on quantum mechanics.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. when somebody knocked on the door .

Key Points

• The given sentence describes two simultaneous actions in the past: Vipul having a dream and someone knocking on the door.
• The conjunction "when" is used to connect two past actions that happened at the same time.
• Option 4, "when somebody knocked on the door," correctly fits the context of the sentence as it uses the simple past tense for the second action.
• Other options are incorrect due to the following reasons:
• Option 1: "then somebody had been knocking in the door" – Incorrect tense and preposition usage.
• Option 2: "then somebody has knocked on the door" – Incorrect tense; present perfect is not suitable here.
• Option 3: "later somebody knocked in the door" – Incorrect conjunction ("later" does not fit the context).

Correct sentence: Vipul was having a wonderful dream when somebody knocked on the door.

Additional Information

• When describing two actions that happened at the same time in the past, the past continuous tense is used for the longer action, and the simple past tense is used for the shorter action.
• For example:
• Correct: He was studying when the phone rang.
• Incorrect: He was studying then the phone rang.
• Prepositions like "in" are incorrect when describing knocking on a door; the correct preposition is "on."

The correct answer is '1' i.e. The time is ripe to .

Key Points

• The given sentence requires a correct verb form after "ripe for" to maintain proper grammar and meaning.
• The phrase "ripe for harness the rising level of ambition" is grammatically incorrect because "harness" is in its base form instead of being preceded by "to." The correct phrase should be "ripe to harness."
• Option 1, "The time is ripe to," is the most appropriate substitution as it conveys the intended meaning with proper grammatical structure.
• Other options either introduce incorrect forms like "ripeness" or use improper tenses, making them unsuitable for the sentence.

Correct sentence: The time is ripe to harness the rising level of ambition.

Additional Information

• Usage of "ripe to":
• The phrase "ripe to" is often used to indicate readiness for a specific action.
• Example: The market is ripe to launch new products.
• Common mistakes:
• Using "ripeness" instead of "ripe" creates an awkward and incorrect sentence structure.
• Incorrect tenses like "were ripe" or "is ripeness" do not fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is: Option 4, i.e., "Rejoice".

Key Points

• The word "Lament" means to express sorrow, grief, or regret, often in a deep or emotional manner. (विलाप करना, शोक व्यक्त करना)
• Example: She lamented the loss of her childhood home, which was full of cherished memories.
• "Rejoice" means to feel or show great joy or delight, which is the opposite of lament. (आनंदित होना, खुश होना)
• Example: The family rejoiced when they heard the good news about their son's promotion.
• Hence, we can infer that the antonym of 'Lament' is 'Rejoice'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Part (भाग): A piece or segment of something.
• Example: This part of the book is my favorite because it reveals the mystery.
• Refuse (मना करना): To decline or reject something.
• Example: He refused the invitation to the party due to prior commitments.
• Grieve (शोक करना): To feel deep sorrow or distress, especially due to the loss of someone or something.
• Example: She grieved for months after the passing of her beloved pet.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. C listening attentive.

Key Points

• The phrase "listening attentive" in segment C contains a grammatical error. The word "attentive" is an adjective, but an adverb is required here to describe the action of "listening."
• The correct adverb form of "attentive" is "attentively."
• Therefore, the correct phrase should be "listening attentively."

Correct sentence: The children eagerly gathered around the storyteller, listening attentively as he spun tales of adventure and magic under the starry sky.

Additional Information

• Adverbs:
• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to provide more information about how, when, where, or to what degree something happens.
• Example: "She speaks fluently" (fluently modifies the verb "speaks").
• Common Mistakes:
• Using adjectives instead of adverbs to modify actions.
• Example of error: "She sings beautiful" (incorrect). Correct: "She sings beautifully."

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The idiom "a New York minute" refers to a very short amount of time, emphasizing the fast-paced nature of life in New York City. (बहुत कम समय)
• Example: The taxi arrived in a New York minute, just as the rain started pouring.
• It is often used to convey the idea of speed or efficiency in completing a task or action. (तेजी से होने वाली क्रिया)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: A situation beyond the scope of one's imagination (एक ऐसी स्थिति जो कल्पना से परे हो): Refers to something that is so extraordinary that it cannot be imagined.
• Example: The magnitude of the disaster was beyond the scope of one's imagination.
• Option 2: An elaborate exhibition or presentation (एक विस्तृत प्रदर्शन या प्रस्तुति): Refers to a detailed or grand display of something.
• Example: The museum hosted an elaborate exhibition of ancient artifacts.
• Option 4: A very casual attitude (बहुत ही आकस्मिक रवैया): Refers to a relaxed or informal manner of behaving.
• Example: His very casual attitude towards deadlines annoyed his team members.

The correct answer is: Vacant.

Key Points

• The word "Empty" means containing nothing; not filled or occupied. (खाली)
• Example: The glass was empty after he drank all the water.
• "Vacant" refers to something that is not filled, used, or occupied; devoid of contents or occupants. (रिक्त)
• Example: The hotel had several vacant rooms available for booking.
• Hence, we can conclude that the most appropriate synonym for "Empty" is "Vacant."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Vacant.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Common (सामान्य): Occurring, found, or done often; widespread.
• Example: It is common to see people enjoying street food in this city.
• Busy (व्यस्त): Engaged in activity; not free or idle.
• Example: She was too busy to attend the meeting.
• Dear (प्रिय): Loved or valued highly; precious.
• Example: My grandmother is very dear to me.

The correct answer is 'because of'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "because of" is used to indicate the reason or cause of something.
• In the sentence, the reason for being late is the traffic jam, so "because of" is the appropriate choice.
• Option 1 ("because") is incorrect because it requires a clause (e.g., "because there was a traffic jam").
• Option 3 ("as a result") is inappropriate because it does not fit the sentence structure.
• Option 4 ("owing for") is grammatically incorrect; the correct phrase is "owing to."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: "He was late for the meeting because of the traffic jam."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "because" requires a subject and verb to form a clause, which is missing in the sentence.
• Option 3: "as a result" is a phrase used to show the consequence of an action, not the cause.
• Option 4: "owing for" is incorrect; the correct form is "owing to," which could also work in this context but is not one of the provided options.

The correct answer is 'excellence'.

 

Key Points

• The word "excellence" refers to the quality of being outstanding or extremely good.
• In this context, "academic excellence" signifies achieving a high standard in academic performance.
• The other options: "result," "discourse," and "failure" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: Despite facing numerous challenges, Binod managed to attain an impressive level of academic excellence.

Additional Information

• Result: Refers to the outcome or consequence of something but lacks the emphasis on quality in this context.
• Discourse: Refers to written or spoken communication, which does not fit the context of academic achievement.
• Failure: Refers to lack of success, which is the opposite of what is being conveyed here.

The correct answer is: Courageous.

Key Points

• The word "Brave" refers to someone who is ready to face danger or endure pain with courage and without fear. (साहसी)
• Example: The brave firefighter rescued the child from the burning building.
• "Courageous" is a synonym for brave, meaning someone who shows bravery in the face of fear or adversity. (साहसी)
• Example: The soldier displayed a courageous act by defending his country under challenging circumstances.
• Hence, we can conclude that the synonym of "Brave" is "Courageous".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Courageous.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Scared (डरा हुआ): Feeling fear or anxiety about something.
• Example: She was scared of the dark and refused to go outside at night.
• Timid (भीरु): Showing a lack of courage or confidence.
• Example: The timid kitten hid under the bed when strangers arrived.
• Fearful (भयभीत): Feeling or showing fear or anxiety.
• Example: He gave a fearful glance at the storm clouds gathering above.

The correct answer is 'lives'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the impact of technology on people, from communication to work.
• The correct noun should reflect the broader scope of how technology affects individuals in various aspects of their existence.
• "Lives" fits best as it encompasses the entire spectrum of human experiences, including work, health, and communication, making it the most appropriate word to describe the influence of technology.
• Other options like "homes", "jobs", and "economy" focus more on specific aspects, whereas "lives" covers the holistic impact of technology.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: Technology has become an essential part of our 1. lives*, influencing everything from how we communicate to how we work. With the rise of smartphones and 2.* ____, people are now more connected than ever through many applications like Facebook. However, despite the many benefits, there are growing concerns about the negative effects of technology on 3. ____ health. Constant notifications, social media comparisons and the pressure to stay updated can lead to stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that too much screen time may reduce focus and 4. ____ and disrupt sleep patterns which might lead to less work, forgetting important works and loss of concentration. Therefore, while technology offers numerous advantages, it is important to manage its 5. ____ responsibly to maintain a healthy balance.

 

Additional Information

• Homes: Incorrect because "homes" would refer specifically to people's living spaces, which doesn’t reflect the broader impact of technology.
• Jobs: Incorrect as "jobs" focuses only on one aspect (work) and does not capture the complete impact on people's lives.
• Economy: Incorrect because "economy" refers to financial systems, which is too specific in the context of the passage that addresses personal effects of technology.

The correct answer is 'social media'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the rise of smartphones and the impact of technology on how we communicate and work.
• The phrase "smartphones and _____" implies the kind of technology that enables connection through applications like Facebook, which is most commonly associated with social media.
• "Social media" fits best in the blank as it aligns with the idea of connecting people through platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.
• Other options like "websites", "public network", and "games" do not capture the social networking aspect intended by the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: Technology has become an essential part of our 1. lives*, influencing everything from how we communicate to how we work. With the rise of smartphones and 2.* social media*, people are now more connected than ever through many applications like Facebook. However, despite the many benefits, there are growing concerns about the negative effects of technology on 3.* ____ health. Constant notifications, social media comparisons and the pressure to stay updated can lead to stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that too much screen time may reduce focus and 4. ____ and disrupt sleep patterns which might lead to less work, forgetting important works and loss of concentration. Therefore, while technology offers numerous advantages, it is important to manage its 5. ____ responsibly to maintain a healthy balance.

 

Additional Information

• Websites: Incorrect because "websites" are broader and not directly linked to the idea of social connection through apps like Facebook.
• Public network: Incorrect as it refers to the internet infrastructure, not the specific platforms or applications that facilitate social interaction.
• Games: Incorrect because "games" focus on entertainment, not social networking, which is the intended meaning here.

The correct answer is 'mental'.

 

Key Points

• The passage addresses the impact of technology on well-being, focusing on aspects like stress, anxiety, and the effects of too much screen time.
• The most appropriate adjective here should relate to the effects of technology that influence cognition, emotions, and overall mental well-being.
• "Mental" fits best in this context as it directly relates to the cognitive and emotional impact that technology has on individuals, particularly in terms of stress and anxiety.
• Other options like "social", "physical", and "emotional" could apply but do not capture the specific focus on the cognitive and psychological challenges highlighted in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: Technology has become an essential part of our 1. lives*, influencing everything from how we communicate to how we work. With the rise of smartphones and 2.* social media*, people are now more connected than ever through many applications like Facebook. However, despite the many benefits, there are growing concerns about the negative effects of technology on 3.* mental health. Constant notifications, social media comparisons and the pressure to stay updated can lead to stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that too much screen time may reduce focus and 4. ____ and disrupt sleep patterns which might lead to less work, forgetting important works and loss of concentration. Therefore, while technology offers numerous advantages, it is important to manage its 5. ____ responsibly to maintain a healthy balance.

 

Additional Information

• Social: Incorrect because "social" pertains more to interpersonal relationships, while the passage specifically mentions technology's impact on personal mental well-being.
• Physical: Incorrect as the passage focuses on mental and emotional effects of technology, rather than physical effects like eye strain or posture issues.
• Emotional: While "emotional" could be relevant, "mental" better captures the broader cognitive and psychological effects implied in the passage.

The correct answer is 'memory'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the negative effects of technology, particularly the mental and cognitive impact, with a focus on stress, anxiety, and concentration.
• The word "memory" fits best in this context as it directly relates to the cognitive processes that may be impaired by excessive screen time.
• "Memory" fits perfectly as reduced screen time is often linked to cognitive impairments such as forgetfulness and memory loss, which is relevant to the passage's context.
• Other options like "creative", "productive", and "energise" do not align with the focus on cognitive issues like memory loss that are implied in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: Technology has become an essential part of our 1. lives*, influencing everything from how we communicate to how we work. With the rise of smartphones and 2.* social media*, people are now more connected than ever through many applications like Facebook. However, despite the many benefits, there are growing concerns about the negative effects of technology on 3.* mental health. Constant notifications, social media comparisons and the pressure to stay updated can lead to stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that too much screen time may reduce focus and 4. memory and disrupt sleep patterns which might lead to less work, forgetting important works and loss of concentration. Therefore, while technology offers numerous advantages, it is important to manage its 5. ____ responsibly to maintain a healthy balance.

 

Additional Information

• Creative: Incorrect because creativity is not the central focus of the passage, which is about mental health and cognitive functions like memory.
• Productive: Incorrect because while technology's impact on productivity is important, the passage is focusing more on cognitive processes, specifically memory, rather than productivity.
• Energise: Incorrect because "energise" does not fit the context of impaired cognitive functioning or memory, which is the main concern in the passage.

The correct answer is 'use'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the impact of technology on mental health, focusing on its benefits and negative effects when misused.
• The appropriate term should relate to how technology is interacted with, which affects its consequences on well-being.
• "Use" fits best in this context as it directly refers to how technology is employed, with the emphasis on managing its usage for a healthy balance.
• Other options like "cost", "development", and "creation" do not match the context of responsible interaction with technology, which is the core focus of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: Technology has become an essential part of our 1. lives*, influencing everything from how we communicate to how we work. With the rise of smartphones and 2.* social media*, people are now more connected than ever through many applications like Facebook. However, despite the many benefits, there are growing concerns about the negative effects of technology on 3.* mental health. Constant notifications, social media comparisons and the pressure to stay updated can lead to stress and anxiety. Studies have shown that too much screen time may reduce focus and 4. memory and disrupt sleep patterns which might lead to less work, forgetting important works and loss of concentration. Therefore, while technology offers numerous advantages, it is important to manage its 5. use responsibly to maintain a healthy balance.

 

Additional Information

• Cost: Incorrect because "cost" refers to the price or consequence, not to how technology is used or managed in the context of the passage.
• Development: Incorrect because "development" refers to the process of growth or progress, which does not fit with the focus on responsible management of technology.
• Creation: Incorrect because "creation" refers to the act of making something, which is not relevant to the context of managing technology use effectively.

सही उत्तर है- उत्तीर्ण 

Key Points

• जो विद्यार्थी उत्तीर्ण हो गए हों, वे इस कक्षा में बैठ जाएं।

Important Pointsउत्तीर्ण -

• पास हुआ, पारित।

असफल -

• जो सफल न हो।

कामयाब-

• जो सफल हो।

अनुत्तीर्ण -

• जो पास न हुआ हो।

सही उत्तर है- तोते

Key Pointsहाथ के तोते उड़ना-

• अर्थ है-
• घबरा जाना, डर जाना, या होश उड़ जाना
• वाक्य प्रयोग -
• परीक्षा में कठिन प्रश्न देखकर, "उसके हाथ के तोते उड़ गए।"
• किसी ने अचानक दरवाजा खटखटाया और "उसके हाथ के तोते उड़ गए।"

Important Pointsकुछ मुहावरे - 

उपर्युक्त वाक्य में अशुद्ध शब्द है - प्रतिछण 

Key Points

• शुद्ध शब्द होगा- प्रतिक्षण

Important Points

• वर्तनी - भाषा के किसी शब्द को को लिखने में प्रयुक्त वर्णों के सही क्रम को वर्तनी कहते हैं।

कुछ अशुद्ध शब्द और शुद्ध शब्द -

'अनाथ' शब्द का विलोम होगा- सनाथ

Key Points 

• स्वामी शब्द का विलोम है- दास

Important Points

• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द:-