SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 12 Feb, 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 'FJA' will be the next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given code language is:

Thus, 'M' is coded as '8'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): LPJ

                                             

Option (2): OIP

 

                                             

Option (3): OSM

 

                                             

Option (4): MQK

     

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)"

The given code language is:

Thus, 'F' is coded as '8'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Here is the alphabetical place value for each letter:

For 'DEATH' related to 'GLITZ':

For 'GRAVE' related to 'JYIVW':

Applying the same logic to 'BENCH':

Thus, BENCH is related to ELVCZ.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is to identify a consistent pattern across the positions within each segment of the series after filling in the blanks.

Given Series: _OSNR_QLPK_JNIM_ LGK_

Resulting series: TOSNR MQLPK OJNIM HLGKF

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given Expression: F ! L : A < S / H

F ! L: F is the brother of L.

L : A: L is the wife of A.

A < S: A is the son of S.

S / H: S is the father of H.

According to the given information Family Tree Representation:

 

Relationship between F and H: F is the brother of L. L is the wife of A. A is the son of S and S is the father of H, meaning A is the brother of H.

Therefore, F is the brother of H's brother's wife (L). This makes F, H's Brother's wife's brother.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

The logic followed here is that there are two alternating series:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 173.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given interchange rules:

• ‘−’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged.
• ‘×’ and ‘+’ are interchanged.

The given equation is:

7 + 45 − 15 × 5 ÷ 12 = ?

Replace the operators with their corresponding new meanings:

7 × 45 ÷ 15 + 5 − 12 = ?

= 7 × 45 ÷ 15 + 5 − 12

= 315 ÷ 15 + 5 − 12

= 21 + 5 − 12

= 26 − 12

= 14

Therefore, the value of the question mark (?) is 14.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: C, D, G, H, I, K and L are sitting around a circular table facing the centre of the table(but not necessarily in the same order).

Only two people sit between D and C when counted from the left of C. H sits second to the left of D.

K sits third to the left of I. H sits to the immediate right of I.  L is not an immediate neighbour of K

Thus, H sits third to the right of G.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The completion of the incomplete figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible venn diagram of the given statements is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The completion of the figure will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The hidden image will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given: Seven people, L, M, N, O, W, X and Y, are sitting in a row, facing north (but not necessarily in the same order).

Only two people sit to the left of Y. Only three people sit between Y and W. X sits second to the right of Y.

Only two people sit between X and M. L sits at some place to the right of O but at some place to the left of N. 

Thus, Only Three  people sit to the right of L.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given Word: GUILDER 

Step 1: Arrange the letters of the word in English alphabetical order.

The letters in the word GUILDER are G, U, I, L, D, E, R.

Arranging them in alphabetical order, we get:

D E G I L R U

Step 2: Identify the letter which is fourth from the left end in the new letter cluster.

D E G I L R U

The fourth letter from the left end is 'I'.

Step 3: Identify the letter which is first from the right end in the new letter cluster.

D E G I L R U

The first letter from the right end is 'U'.

Step 4: Count the number of letters in the English alphabetical order between 'I' and 'U'.

The English alphabet sequence from 'I' to 'U' is:

I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U

The letters between 'I' and 'U' are J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T.

Counting these letters, we find there are 11 letters.

Number of letters between 'I' and 'U' = 11.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Here is the alphabetical place value for each letter:

For 'YFOT' related to 'CIRX':

For 'UBHW' related to 'YEKA':

Applying the same logic to 'SAEX':

Thus, SAEX is related to WDHB..

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Statements:

Some chargers are batteries.

Some chargers are powers.

Some batteries are energies.

The least possible venn diagram is given:

Conclusions:

(I) Some chargers are energies - False(because, there is no direct relation is not given between them, so it can be possible only).

(II) Some batteries are powers - False(because, there is no direct relation is not given between them, so it can be possible only).

Thus,  Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is: 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The Correct answer is Seventh Plan.

Key Points

• The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) focused on accelerating food grain production, increasing employment, and improving productivity.
• This plan aimed to emphasize the themes of 'food, work, and productivity' to ensure self-sufficiency in food production and provide more opportunities for employment.
• The agriculture sector was given priority, with measures to enhance irrigation facilities, improve seed quality, and provide better credit facilities to farmers.
• Special attention was given to the development of employment-generating programs like the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) and Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.
• It also focused on improving industrial productivity through the adoption of advanced technologies and better management practices.
• The plan emphasized social justice by targeting benefits for disadvantaged sections, including the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and women.
• The Seventh Plan marked a transition towards a greater role for the private sector in economic growth, encouraging investment in industries and services.
• This plan was successful in achieving a GDP growth rate of 5.8% against the targeted 5%.

 Additional Information

• Third Plan
• The Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966) focused on building a strong industrial base and achieving self-reliance in agriculture and industry.
• This plan aimed to increase agricultural production to meet food requirements and reduce dependence on imports.
• It targeted community development and emphasized the expansion of education, health, and other social services.
• Due to economic challenges, including the Indo-China war (1962) and Indo-Pak war (1965), this plan fell short of its objectives.
• Fourth Plan
• The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) focused on achieving self-reliance and growth with stability.
• It aimed at reducing income inequalities and improving the standard of living of the poor.
• The plan emphasized the promotion of green revolution technologies to enhance agricultural productivity.
• Due to challenges like inflation, droughts, and political instability, the plan's goals were not fully realized.
• Sixth Plan
• The Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985) aimed at achieving poverty alleviation, economic modernization, and reducing regional disparities.
• It introduced programs like National Rural Employment Program to increase employment opportunities.
• Focus was given to industrialization, the development of infrastructure, and the promotion of export-oriented industries.
• The plan was successful in achieving significant economic growth and reducing poverty levels.

The Correct answer is Sri Lanka.

Key Points

• Sri Lanka has consistently been one of the best-performing countries in the South Asia region in terms of infant mortality rate.
• As per the 2023 statistics, Sri Lanka recorded the lowest infant mortality rate among India’s neighboring countries, owing to its well-developed healthcare system.
• The country has a strong focus on maternal and infant health, ensuring better outcomes through universal health coverage and accessible healthcare facilities.
• The government of Sri Lanka emphasizes preventive healthcare and has implemented effective programs for immunization and nutrition, which are vital for reducing infant mortality.
• High literacy rates, especially among women, contribute to better maternal care and awareness, which directly impacts infant survival rates.
• Sri Lanka’s achievements in reducing infant mortality align with its commitment to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all.
• The country also boasts a robust system of community-based healthcare services, which ensures that even remote areas receive adequate medical attention for mothers and infants.

 Additional Information

• Nepal
• Nepal has made significant progress in reducing infant mortality rates over the years, primarily through improved healthcare infrastructure and awareness programs.
• Despite these improvements, Nepal’s healthcare system faces challenges such as limited access in remote mountainous regions, which impacts infant survival rates.
• Government initiatives like immunization programs and nutrition interventions have contributed to steady progress.
• Bangladesh
• Bangladesh has seen notable reductions in infant mortality rates due to investments in maternal health programs, including family planning and immunization.
• However, challenges such as poverty and overpopulation continue to strain healthcare resources.
• The country has focused on community healthcare systems to improve access in rural areas.
• Pakistan
• Pakistan struggles with relatively high infant mortality rates due to factors such as poor healthcare infrastructure, low literacy rates, and socio-economic disparities.
• Efforts to improve maternal and infant healthcare have been hindered by challenges such as political instability and resource allocation issues.
• Programs like Lady Health Workers (LHWs) aim to improve healthcare access in rural areas but have not yet achieved widespread success.

The Correct answer is during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Points

• Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred the highest National Award of Dominica, named the 'Dominica Award of Honour'.
• This prestigious award recognized his exceptional leadership and global contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Under his guidance, India supplied critical medical assistance, vaccines, and pharmaceutical products to several countries worldwide.
• India established itself as a major contributor to global healthcare by providing COVID vaccines through its ‘Vaccine Maitri’ initiative, which extended support to over 100 countries.
• India also shared its expertise, resources, and infrastructure with countries in need, including manufacturing and distributing essential medicines like hydroxychloroquine and paracetamol.
• Prime Minister Modi emphasized the importance of global solidarity and collaboration in tackling the pandemic, showcasing India's commitment to humanitarian values and international cooperation.
• His leadership during the pandemic highlighted India's ability to act as a responsible global player and earned respect internationally.

 Additional Information

• Development of the IT sector of the country
• India's IT sector is one of the largest globally, contributing significantly to the economy and employment.
• The Digital India initiative, launched in 2015 by Prime Minister Modi, aimed to transform India into a digitally empowered society.
• Key achievements include expansion of broadband connectivity, development of e-governance platforms, and promotion of startups in the IT domain.
• However, this option is incorrect in the context of the Dominica Award of Honour, which specifically recognized contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Development of the agriculture sector of the country
• Prime Minister Modi has launched several initiatives to strengthen India's agriculture sector, such as the PM-KISAN scheme and the National Agriculture Market (eNAM).
• India has focused on increasing farm productivity, irrigation facilities, and promoting organic farming.
• Despite these efforts, this option is not related to the award, which recognized contributions during the global pandemic.
• During his first term governance
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi's first term (2014-2019) included key reforms such as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Goods and Services Tax (GST), and Make in India initiative.
• While these accomplishments significantly impacted India, they are unrelated to the Dominica Award of Honour, which specifically recognized his contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Correct answer is Ajit Doval.

Key Points

• Ajit Doval is a prominent Indian civil servant and a former Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the 1968 batch from the Kerala cadre.
• He was appointed as the National Security Advisor (NSA) of India in 2014 during the first term of the Narendra Modi government.
• In June 2024, he was reappointed for a third consecutive term as the NSA, showcasing the government’s trust in his strategic acumen and leadership abilities.
• Ajit Doval is known for his extensive experience in intelligence, national security, and counter-terrorism operations.
• He played a critical role in the planning and execution of significant operations like the surgical strikes in 2016 and Balakot airstrikes in 2019.
• As NSA, he has been instrumental in shaping India’s national security policies and foreign relations, particularly in handling sensitive issues with neighbors like Pakistan and China.
• Ajit Doval is also the architect of the Doval Doctrine, which emphasizes a proactive and assertive approach to counter threats to India’s sovereignty and security.
• He is the fifth NSA of India and the first to hold the position for such an extended period, making him a trusted advisor to the government on critical matters.
• His tenure is marked by a focus on modernizing India’s defense and intelligence infrastructure and fostering international cooperation on security matters.

 Additional Information

• Shivshankar Menon
• Shivshankar Menon is a distinguished Indian diplomat who served as the National Security Advisor from 2010 to 2014 during the tenure of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
• He is known for his expertise in foreign policy and international relations, particularly his role in shaping India’s Look East Policy.
• Menon also played a pivotal role in the India-US Civil Nuclear Agreement and was India’s ambassador to key countries like China and Pakistan.
• Manoj Gupta
• Manoj Gupta is a common name and does not relate to the context of the National Security Advisor or any prominent position in the Indian government.
• It could be a distractor in this context.
• Kataragama Menon
• This name does not have any association with the National Security Advisor role or any notable position in India’s governance or security apparatus.
• It might be a fictional or unrelated name used as a distractor in the question.

The Correct answer is 154^th .

Key Points

• The 154^th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi was celebrated on 2^nd October 2023.
• Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, is one of the most celebrated leaders in Indian history and is regarded as the Father of the Nation in India.
• He was born on 2^nd October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat.
• Gandhi is globally known for his philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and his role in India's freedom struggle against British rule.
• This day is commemorated worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence, as declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007.
• On this occasion, tributes are paid to Mahatma Gandhi at his samadhi at Raj Ghat in New Delhi, where prayers, cultural events, and exhibitions are organized.
• The day is marked by activities such as cleanliness drives under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which was inspired by Gandhi's vision of a clean and self-reliant India.
• Mahatma Gandhi's principles of Satyagraha (truth force) and civil disobedience have influenced many leaders and movements worldwide, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.

 Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi's Contributions:
• He led various movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), and the Quit India Movement (1942).
• He pioneered the philosophy of self-reliance (Swadeshi), encouraging Indians to boycott British goods and promote local industries.
• He emphasized the importance of communal harmony and worked tirelessly to bridge gaps between various communities in India.
• His autobiography, "The Story of My Experiments with Truth," is widely read and provides deep insights into his personal journey and philosophy.
• Significance of 2^nd October:
• The day is observed as a national holiday in India to honor Mahatma Gandhi's contributions to the nation.
• It is also celebrated as Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti, as Lal Bahadur Shastri, India's second Prime Minister, was born on the same day in 1904.
• Globally, the day is recognized as a symbol of peace and non-violence.

The Correct answer is Funnel-shaped.

Key Points

• A standard rain gauge is a meteorological instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall over a specific area during a given period.
• The gauge consists of a funnel-shaped collector designed to direct rainwater into a measuring tube.
• The funnel shape is essential for efficiently channeling rainwater into the tube, ensuring accurate measurement.
• The measuring tube is calibrated to precisely measure rainfall, typically in units like millimeters or inches.
• Rain gauges are widely used in meteorological studies, agriculture, hydrology, and environmental monitoring.
• The funnel design prevents water from spilling and minimizes evaporation, leading to reliable data collection.
• Standard rain gauges are typically placed in open areas, free from obstructions like trees or buildings, to ensure accurate rainfall measurement.
• The data collected from rain gauges are used to study weather patterns, manage water resources, and predict floods or droughts.

 Additional Information

• J-shaped
• A J-shaped design is not used in standard rain gauges as it is not effective for collecting and channeling rainwater.
• This shape is more commonly associated with pipe or tube designs for other applications, such as plumbing or fluid dynamics.
• Disc-shaped
• A disc-shaped design does not effectively collect and channel rainwater for measurement.
• This shape might be suitable for other meteorological instruments like barometers or thermometers but is not practical for rain gauges.
• Prism-shaped
• The prism-shaped design is rarely used in rain gauges as it lacks the ability to efficiently channel water into a measuring tube.
• Prism shapes are more commonly used in optical instruments like prisms for light refraction or dispersion.

The Correct answer is 101^st Amendment Act.

Key Points

• The 101^st Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution was enacted in 2016 to introduce the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India.
• It provided the legal framework for the implementation of GST, which is a comprehensive indirect tax levied on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services throughout India.
• This amendment added Article 246A to the Constitution, granting both the Union and State legislatures the power to make laws on GST.
• The GST Council was established under Article 279A of the Constitution, which was added through this amendment. The GST Council is responsible for making recommendations on GST rates, exemptions, and other related matters.
• The 101^st Amendment also brought significant changes to the Seventh Schedule by amending the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List to accommodate the GST framework.
• It subsumed multiple indirect taxes such as Value Added Tax (VAT), Central Excise Duty, Service Tax, and Entry Tax, thereby simplifying the taxation system in India.
• GST aims to create a unified tax structure across the country, eliminating the cascading effect of taxes and promoting ease of doing business.

 Additional Information

• 102^nd Amendment Act
• The 102^nd Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution was enacted in 2018.
• It introduced provisions related to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).
• This amendment added Article 338B to the Constitution, establishing the NCBC as a constitutional body.
• It also inserted Article 342A, empowering the President to notify the list of socially and educationally backward classes (SEBCs) for any state or union territory.
• 100^th Amendment Act
• The 100^th Amendment Act, enacted in 2015, dealt with the exchange of territories between India and Bangladesh.
• This amendment ratified the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement, which involved the transfer of enclaves between the two countries.
• It facilitated the resolution of long-standing border disputes and improved relations between India and Bangladesh.
• 103^rd Amendment Act
• The 103^rd Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution was enacted in 2019.
• It introduced provisions for reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in educational institutions and government jobs.
• This amendment added Articles 15(6) and 16(6) to the Constitution, enabling the state to provide up to 10% reservation to EWS.
• The amendment aimed to promote social justice and inclusivity for economically disadvantaged groups.

The Correct answer is i - c, ii - d, iii - b, iv - a.

Key Points

• Tuberculosis (i) is a disease that primarily affects the lungs (c). It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mainly spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• Hepatitis (ii) is a condition that primarily affects the liver (d). It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E), alcohol consumption, and autoimmune diseases.
• Gonorrhea (iii) is a sexually transmitted disease that primarily affects the reproductive tract (b). It is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated.
• Mumps (iv) is a viral disease that mainly affects the salivary glands (a), particularly the parotid glands. It is caused by the mumps virus and is characterized by swelling of the cheeks and jaw.

 Additional Information

• Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, but it can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, spine, or kidneys. This condition is then referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
• It is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
• Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics for at least six months, and the BCG vaccine is used as a preventive measure.
• Hepatitis
• Hepatitis is a group of diseases that can cause inflammation of the liver. The most common types are Hepatitis A, B, and C.
• Hepatitis B and C can lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, or cirrhosis if not treated properly.
• Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and B, but not for Hepatitis C.
• Gonorrhea
• Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally, particularly among individuals aged 15-24 years.
• Symptoms may include pain during urination and discharge, but many people remain asymptomatic, making early detection and treatment essential.
• Preventive measures include practicing safe sex and regular STI screenings.
• Mumps
• Mumps typically affects children and is part of the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine schedule.
• Complications of mumps can include orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), meningitis, and hearing loss in rare cases.
• The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, making vaccination a key preventive strategy.

The Correct answer is ₹ 10,218.

Key Points

• The 77^th Round of the National Statistical Office (NSO) Survey provides critical data on the socio-economic conditions of agricultural households in India.
• According to this survey, the average monthly income per agricultural household in India, calculated using the paid-out expenses approach, is ₹ 10,218.
• This figure includes income from various sources such as:
• Wages and salaries
• Crop production
• Livestock and allied activities
• Non-farm business activities
• Other forms of income like leasing out land or remittances.
• The survey highlights that agricultural households in India face incomes disparities, with significant variations across states, regions, and landholding sizes.
• The data is instrumental for policymakers to design welfare programs and schemes aimed at improving the livelihoods of farmers.
• It also provides insights into the economic viability of farming as a profession in modern India.
• The approach used in this survey is the paid-out expenses approach, which accounts for the cost incurred by farmers on inputs like fertilizers, seeds, labor, and other resources.

 Additional Information

• Importance of the NSO Survey
• The NSO survey is a key tool used by the government to assess the economic conditions of households, particularly those engaged in agriculture.
• Data from the survey is used to gauge farmers’ income levels, helping to inform and assess the effectiveness of schemes like PM-KISAN, Kisan Credit Card, and crop insurance programs.
• The survey also identifies areas of improvement in agricultural policy, such as access to credit, market linkages, and input subsidies.
• Challenges Highlighted
• The data underscores the low earnings from agriculture, with many farmers relying on non-agricultural sources for additional income.
• It points to the need for diversification of income sources and improved pricing mechanisms for agricultural produce.
• The survey also reflects issues such as lack of access to modern technology, irrigation facilities, and market infrastructure.
• Other Options
• The other options such as ₹ 6,426, ₹ 8,000, and ₹ 12,000 do not reflect the accurate data as per the 77^th NSO Survey.
• These figures might represent income levels in specific states or regions but are not the national average.

The Correct answer is Article 226.

Key Points

• Article 226 of the Indian Constitution empowers every High Court in India to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights and other legal rights.
• The writs include Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo-Warranto.
• This article provides a broader jurisdiction to High Courts as it allows them to issue writs not only for fundamental rights but also for other legal rights.
• It ensures that High Courts can check and regulate actions of public authorities to prevent violation of rights.
• Article 226 can be invoked against a government, public authority, or even private individuals in certain cases where fundamental or legal rights are affected.
• This article plays a crucial role in maintaining the rule of law and in ensuring justice at the state level.
• The scope of Article 226 is wider compared to Article 32, which is limited to the enforcement of fundamental rights through the Supreme Court.

 Additional Information

• Article 246
• This article deals with the distribution of legislative powers between the Parliament and state legislatures.
• It divides the subjects of legislation into three lists—Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
• Parliament has exclusive power to legislate on subjects in the Union List, while state legislatures can legislate on subjects in the State List.
• Both Parliament and state legislatures can legislate on subjects in the Concurrent List, but in case of conflict, Parliament’s law prevails.
• Article 254
• This article addresses the doctrine of repugnancy, which arises when laws made by Parliament and state legislatures conflict on subjects in the Concurrent List.
• In such cases, the law enacted by Parliament prevails, and the state law becomes void to the extent of the conflict.
• However, the state law can prevail if it has received the President’s assent.
• Article 233
• This article pertains to the appointment of district judges in India.
• The Governor of the state appoints district judges in consultation with the High Court of the respective state.
• It ensures proper judicial administration at the district level.

The Correct answer is RE Grant Govan.

Key Points

• RE Grant Govan was the first president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
• The BCCI was established in 1928 as the governing body for cricket in India.
• RE Grant Govan was a British businessman, and his involvement with cricket in India marked the beginning of organized cricket administration in the country.
• Under his presidency, the BCCI became affiliated with the Imperial Cricket Conference (now the International Cricket Council or ICC), allowing Indian cricket to participate in international events.
• He played a pivotal role in laying the foundation for the development and governance of cricket in India during the colonial era.
• His tenure as the first president marked the transition of cricket administration in India from informal setups to a structured organization.
• The establishment of the BCCI under his leadership created the framework for the advancement of cricket, making India a significant player in global cricket over time.

 Additional Information

• Sikandar Hayat Khan
• Sikandar Hayat Khan was a prominent politician and leader in British India, especially in the region of Punjab.
• He served as the Premier of the Punjab during the British era but had no significant connection with cricket or the BCCI.
• His contributions were primarily in the realm of politics and governance rather than sports administration.
• AN Ghose
• AN Ghose was not associated with the establishment or early governance of the BCCI.
• There is no historical record of AN Ghose being involved in cricket administration, making this option incorrect in the context of the question.
• PM Rungta
• PM Rungta was a notable cricket administrator in India, but his involvement came later in the history of the BCCI.
• He served as BCCI President during the 1960s, several decades after the organization was established.
• His contributions were significant in advancing Indian cricket, but he was not the first president of the BCCI.

The Correct answer is Punjab Gharana.

Key Points

• Zakir Hussain, a celebrated Tabla player, is associated with the Punjab Gharana, one of the six prominent tabla gharanas of India.
• The Punjab Gharana is known for its distinctive rhythmic patterns and emphasis on powerful strokes.
• This gharana originated in the region of Punjab and has significantly influenced the art of tabla playing in India.
• The gharana is characterized by its robust and aggressive style, which is balanced by intricate compositions of rhythm.
• Some of the notable features of the Punjab Gharana include rela compositions, peshkar techniques, and chakradhar tukras.
• Zakir Hussain played a pivotal role in popularizing Indian classical music globally and is regarded as a virtuoso of tabla.
• He inherited the tradition of tabla playing from his father, Ustad Alla Rakha, who was also a master of the Punjab Gharana.
• The Punjab Gharana places strong emphasis on clarity of sound and precise hand movements, making it unique among other gharanas.

 Additional Information

• Delhi Gharana
• The Delhi Gharana is considered the oldest tabla gharana, originating in Delhi.
• It is known for its soft and smooth style, focusing heavily on the kayda system of playing.
• Unlike the Punjab Gharana, the Delhi Gharana emphasizes delicate strokes and intricate rhythmic patterns.
• Benaras Gharana
• The Benaras Gharana originated in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
• This gharana is notable for its powerful and dynamic style, with a focus on tabla solo performances.
• It places emphasis on thekas and uses compositions like chakradhar paran.
• Indore Gharana
• Unlike other tabla gharanas, the Indore Gharana is not traditionally associated with tabla.
• It is primarily linked to vocal music and the khayal style of singing.
• It was established by Ustad Amir Khan, known for his unique contributions to Indian classical music.

The Correct answer is 7 years.

Key Points

• In the Indian Census, the term "literacy" is defined as the ability of a person to read and write in any language.
• The minimum age considered for literacy in the Indian Census is 7 years.
• A person aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding in any language is considered literate.
• This definition excludes individuals below the age of 7, as it is assumed that children younger than 7 years are still in the process of acquiring basic literacy skills.
• The literacy rate is a significant indicator of the educational development and socio-economic status of a country.
• The Indian Census collects data on literacy to study trends in education and to formulate policies for improving access to education.
• The Census of India is conducted every 10 years and includes detailed surveys on literacy, population, and other demographic factors.

 Additional Information

• 10 years
• This option is incorrect as the Indian Census considers individuals aged 7 years and above for literacy calculations, not 10 years.
• While some organizations or studies may use different age thresholds for literacy, the Census of India specifically uses the 7-year mark.
• 5 years
• This option is incorrect because children aged 5 years are typically at the stage of early education and are not considered in literacy calculations by the Census of India.
• At this age, most children are learning basic reading and writing skills, which are not sufficient for qualifying as literate.
• 15 years
• This option is incorrect as it represents a much higher threshold than what is set by the Indian Census.
• The Census uses the age of 7 years to include a broader population in literacy calculations.
• If the threshold were set at 15 years, it would exclude a large number of literate children and adolescents below that age.

The Correct answer is Prakrit and Brahmi.

Key Points

• Ashoka's edicts were primarily written in the Prakrit language, which was the common language spoken by the masses during his time.
• The script used in most of the edicts was Brahmi, which is one of the earliest scripts used in the Indian subcontinent.
• The use of Prakrit and Brahmi reflects Ashoka's effort to communicate his messages of Dhamma (moral law and nonviolence) to the majority of the population in a language they could understand.
• The inscriptions were carved on pillars, rocks, and caves, strategically located across the empire to ensure maximum reach.
• Some of the edicts were also written in Kharoshti script and other regional languages, depending on the geographical location.
• The messages in the edicts emphasized ethical conduct, religious tolerance, and the welfare of all beings, showcasing Ashoka's commitment to peace and governance.
• The Brahmi script later evolved into several scripts, including Devanagari, which is used in modern languages like Hindi and Sanskrit.
• The use of Prakrit and Brahmi in Ashoka's edicts marked a significant step in making royal decrees accessible to the common people.

 Additional Information

• Sanskrit and Devanagari
• Sanskrit was a language primarily used for religious and scholarly purposes during ancient times and later became central to Hindu scriptures and texts.
• The Devanagari script emerged much later and is widely used for modern Indian languages like Hindi, Marathi, and Sanskrit.
• Sanskrit and Devanagari were not used in Ashoka's edicts as they were not intended for scholarly or religious elites but for the common people.
• Pali and Kharoshti
• Pali was used in Buddhist texts, including the Tripitaka, and was closely related to Prakrit.
• Kharoshti script was used in certain regions of Ashoka's empire, particularly in the northwest areas like present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Although some of Ashoka's edicts were written in Kharoshti, it was not the primary script or language used across the empire.
• Greek and Latin
• Greek was used in Ashoka's edicts located in the far-western regions of his empire, like Kandahar, as a result of cultural interaction with the Hellenistic world.
• Latin was never used in Ashoka's edicts; it was a language of the Roman Empire, which had no direct connection to Mauryan India.

The Correct answer is Karnataka

Key Points

• Srihari Nataraj is a renowned Indian swimmer who hails from Karnataka, a state located in southern India.
• He has represented India in multiple international swimming competitions, including the Olympics and Asian Games.
• Srihari is known for his exceptional performance in backstroke events.
• The state of Karnataka has been instrumental in nurturing sports talent with its robust infrastructure and support systems, especially in cities like Bengaluru, which have top-notch training facilities.
• Srihari trained extensively at the Basavanagudi Aquatic Centre in Bengaluru, one of the premier swimming training institutes in India.
• He has set multiple national records in swimming and has emerged as one of India’s leading swimmers, inspiring many young athletes in Karnataka and across India.
• His achievements underline Karnataka’s contribution to Indian sports and its emphasis on promoting swimming as a competitive sport.

 Additional Information

• Gujarat
• Gujarat is primarily known for producing athletes in sports like cricket and athletics, rather than swimming.
• The state has a coastline, but it lacks the established swimming infrastructure found in Karnataka.
• Gujarat is famous for other contributions in sports, such as the National Games 2022, which were held there showcasing various sports disciplines.
• Kerala
• Kerala is known for its strong presence in aquatic sports due to its abundant water bodies like rivers and backwaters.
• The state has produced several swimmers and water sports athletes, but Srihari Nataraj is not associated with Kerala.
• Kerala is also famous for its traditional boat races like the Nehru Trophy Boat Race.
• Maharashtra
• Maharashtra has a significant contribution to sports in India, including swimming.
• The state has produced notable athletes in various sports, such as cricket, athletics, and badminton.
• While Maharashtra has good swimming infrastructure, Srihari Nataraj belongs to Karnataka.

The Correct answer is Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha.

Key Points

• Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was established by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in 1924 in Bombay (now Mumbai).
• The primary objective of this organisation was to promote the rights and welfare of the Dalit community, who were historically marginalized and discriminated against in the Indian caste system.
• The Sabha aimed to provide education, social and economic upliftment, and a platform for Dalits to voice their grievances.
• It worked to eradicate the practice of untouchability and foster equality and justice for the oppressed sections of society.
• Dr. Ambedkar, as a visionary leader, believed that education was the cornerstone of empowerment and initiated efforts through the Sabha to ensure access to quality education for Dalit individuals.
• The Sabha also advocated for the political representation of Dalits, ensuring their participation in decision-making processes.
• It marked the beginning of Dr. Ambedkar's lifelong struggle to achieve social justice and equality for Dalits and other marginalized communities in India.

 Additional Information

• Depressed Classes Mission
• The Depressed Classes Mission was founded by Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar and others in 1906 in Bombay (Mumbai).
• Its main aim was to work for the upliftment of untouchables by providing them with education, vocational training, and social welfare schemes.
• Though it contributed significantly to the cause of Dalits, it was not directly associated with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
• Social Service League
• The Social Service League was established by N.M. Joshi in 1911 in Bombay.
• Its goal was to promote social welfare, focusing on labor rights, literacy, and health care.
• This organisation worked across various social groups but was not specifically centered on the rights of Dalits.
• Harijan Sevak Sangh
• The Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to address the issues faced by the untouchables (Harijans).
• It aimed to abolish untouchability and improve the social and economic conditions of Harijans.
• While Gandhi's efforts were significant, Dr. Ambedkar founded the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha with a distinct approach toward Dalit empowerment.

The correct answer is 9.

Key Points

• In 2011, during the meeting of the Executive Board of Sangeet Natak Akademi, it was decided to confer 9 Akademi Awards in the field of dance.
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi, also known as the National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama, is India’s national-level academy for performing arts.
• The Akademi Awards are among the most prestigious honors for performing artists in India, recognizing outstanding contributions in the fields of music, dance, and drama.
• The decision to honor 9 artists in the field of dance reflects the recognition of diverse dance forms, including both classical and folk traditions.
• These awards aim to promote and preserve the rich cultural heritage of India’s dance traditions.
• Some of the classical dance forms recognized by the Akademi include Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Odissi, Manipuri, Kuchipudi, Mohiniyattam, and Sattriya.
• The awards also include recognition for folk and tribal dances, which are integral to India’s diverse cultural landscape.
• Recipients of the awards are selected based on their artistic excellence, dedication, and contribution to the art form.

 Additional Information

• Sangeet Natak Akademi
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi was established in 1952 and operates as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• Its primary objective is to preserve and promote India’s vast cultural heritage in music, dance, and drama.
• The Akademi organizes performances, workshops, and seminars to encourage the growth of performing arts.
• It also provides financial assistance to artists and institutions involved in the field of performing arts.
• Akademi Awards
• The Akademi Awards are conferred annually and are open to artists from all over India.
• The award includes a citation, a cash prize, and a Tamrapatra (bronze plaque).
• Over the years, these awards have contributed significantly to the recognition and appreciation of Indian art forms globally.
• Diversity in Dance
• Indian dance is broadly categorized into classical and folk traditions.
• Classical dance forms are based on the principles of the Natyashastra, an ancient treatise on performing arts.
• Folk and tribal dances reflect the cultural identity and traditions of specific communities.
• The recognition of diverse dance forms by the Akademi highlights the importance of cultural inclusivity and preservation.

The Correct answer is A person who buys and sells in large quantities.

Key Points

• A wholesaler is a key entity in the supply chain who buys goods in large quantities from manufacturers or producers and sells them to retailers or other businesses.
• The main role of a wholesaler is to act as an intermediary between producers and retailers, ensuring that goods reach the market efficiently.
• Wholesalers typically operate in bulk transactions, offering goods at lower prices to retailers due to the large volume of their purchases.
• The wholesaler often has storage facilities like warehouses to accommodate large quantities of goods, ensuring smooth supply to retailers.
• Wholesalers contribute significantly to economies of scale, reducing costs for manufacturers and retailers.
• They often provide additional services such as transportation, packaging, and logistics management, making them essential in the distribution network.
• Examples of wholesalers include large distribution companies or specific industries like agriculture (grain wholesalers), electronics, and pharmaceuticals.
• In India, wholesalers play a crucial role in markets like APMC Mandis for agricultural produce or large wholesale markets like Delhi's Sadar Bazaar.

 Additional Information

• A person who transports goods
• A person who transports goods is generally referred to as a logistics provider, courier, or transporter.
• This individual or organization focuses on moving goods from one location to another, often using vehicles, trains, ships, or airplanes.
• Logistics providers are crucial for ensuring timely delivery, but they are not involved in buying or selling goods.
• Examples include companies like FedEx, DHL, and Blue Dart.
• A person who produces goods
• A person who produces goods is known as a manufacturer or producer.
• Manufacturers are responsible for creating products from raw materials through processes like assembly, manufacturing, or crafting.
• They are the first step in the supply chain and sell their goods to wholesalers or directly to retailers.
• Examples include companies like Tata Steel, Samsung, and Maruti Suzuki.
• A person who buys and sells in small quantities
• A person who buys and sells in small quantities is known as a retailer.
• Retailers purchase goods from wholesalers or manufacturers and sell them directly to consumers.
• They are the final step in the supply chain, catering to end-users and focusing on customer experience.
• Examples include department stores, supermarkets, and online retail platforms like Amazon or Flipkart.

The correct answer is Bhils.

Key Points

• Ladaladi is a folk dance of the Bhil community, performed during weddings.
• It is a unique tradition where the bride and bridegroom are lifted upon the shoulders of the dancers.
• The dance symbolizes celebration and happiness and brings the community together to mark the joyous occasion.
• The Bhils are one of the largest tribal groups in India, predominantly found in the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
• The Bhil community is known for its rich cultural heritage, including dances, songs, and storytelling.
• Their dances often depict scenes from their lives, such as agriculture, hunting, and festivals, showcasing the tribal connection to nature and tradition.
• The Ladaladi dance is performed with a lot of energy and vibrancy, accompanied by traditional music and instruments.

 Additional Information

• Garos
• The Garos are a tribal group mainly found in Meghalaya, with some presence in Assam and Bangladesh.
• They are known for their Wangala dance, which is a harvest festival dance performed to honor Sun God Saljong.
• The Garo tribe is recognized for its strong connection to nature and its unique cultural practices.
• Santal
• The Santal tribe is one of the largest tribal communities in India, primarily found in Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam.
• They are famous for their Santal dance, performed during various festivals and rituals, often accompanied by traditional instruments like the flute and drum.
• The Santals have a rich tradition of folk songs, dances, and storytelling, which reflect their close bond with nature and agricultural practices.
• Chakma
• The Chakma community is primarily found in the northeastern states of India, especially in Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tripura, along with regions in Bangladesh.
• They are known for their Buddhist cultural practices and have dances reflecting their religious beliefs.
• The Chakma dances are often performed during festivals such as Buddha Purnima and other cultural celebrations.

The Correct answer is 1-Propyne.

Key Points

• 1-Propyne, also known as methylacetylene, is a chemical compound with the formula CH₃C≡CH.
• It is an alkyne, which is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond, making it unsaturated.
• 1-Propyne is a colorless liquefied gas under standard conditions and has a sweet odor.
• Due to its triple bond, it exhibits reactivity in various chemical reactions, such as polymerization and addition reactions.
• This compound is part of the propyne family and is a common building block in organic synthesis and industrial chemical processes.
• It is also used in specialized applications, such as in welding and cutting, where it is blended with propylene and other hydrocarbons.
• The presence of the terminal triple bond makes 1-propyne distinct from other hydrocarbons, including its isomer propadiene.

 Additional Information

• Ethyne
• Ethyne, commonly known as acetylene, has the chemical formula C₂H₂.
• It is the simplest alkyne and is widely used as a fuel in welding and cutting processes due to its high flame temperature.
• Unlike 1-propyne, ethyne is not a liquefied gas under standard conditions; it exists as a gas at room temperature.
• 1-Hexyne
• 1-Hexyne is a higher alkyne with the formula C₆H₁₀, containing six carbon atoms.
• It is a liquid at room temperature and does not share the sweet odor or gaseous nature of 1-propyne.
• It is used in organic synthesis but is not related to applications like 1-propyne.
• 1-Butyne
• 1-Butyne, with the formula C₄H₆, is a smaller alkyne compared to 1-Hexyne but larger than 1-Propyne.
• It is a gas at standard conditions but lacks the distinct sweet odor associated with 1-Propyne.
• It is used in organic synthesis but is not as commonly encountered as ethyne or 1-propyne.

Given:

The value of 68 - 6 × [ 4 + 4 × {12 - 4 (6 - 5) × 3} ÷ 15] is:

Calculation:

68 - 6 × [4 + 4 × {12 - 4 (6 - 5) × 3} ÷ 15]

⇒ 68 - 6 × [4 + 4 × {12 - 4 × 1 × 3} ÷ 15]

⇒ 68 - 6 × [4 + 4 × {12 - 12} ÷ 15]

⇒ 68 - 6 × [4 + 4 × 0 ÷ 15]

⇒ 68 - 6 × [4 + 0]

⇒ 68 - 6 × 4

⇒ 68 - 24

⇒ 44

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Shortcut Trick

Total interest percentage for 5 years = 9% × 5 = 45%.

Let the principal amount be 100%.

According to the question, 45% of Principal = ₹531.

1% of Principal = 531 ÷ 45 = 11.8

100% of Principal = 11.8 × 100 = 1180

∴ The correct answer is ₹1180.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (I) = ₹531

Time (T) = 5 years

Rate (R) = 9% per annum

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (I) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Year 0 P = ?

Year 5

Total SI = ₹531

Rate = 9% p.a.

Calculations:

⇒ 531 = (P × 9 × 5) ÷ 100

⇒ 531 = (P × 45) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (531 × 100) ÷ 45

⇒ P = 53100 ÷ 45

⇒ P = 1180

∴ The correct answer is ₹1180.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Amount

The total amount after T years is the sum of Principal and Simple Interest. Formula: A = P × (1 + (R × T) ÷ 100).

Compound Interest (CI)

Interest calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest. Formula: A = P × (1 + R ÷ 100)^T.

Difference Between CI and SI

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years on a given principal is calculated as: Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Shortcut Trick

Effective percentage increase for 2 successive years = x + y + (x × y) ÷ 100

⇒ Effective increase = 8 + 8 + (8 × 8) ÷ 100 = 16.64%

⇒ Population after 2 years = Initial Population × (100% + 16.64%)

⇒ Population after 2 years = 45000 × 116.64% = 450 × 116.64 = 52,488

∴ The correct answer is 52,488.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Population (P) = 45,000

Rate of increase (R) = 8%

Time (T) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Population after T years = P × (1 + R ÷ 100)^T

45,000 Present

+8%

48,600 1^st Year

+8%

52,488 2^nd Year Timeline of Successive Population Growth

Calculations:

⇒ Final Population = 45000 × (1 + 8 ÷ 100)²

⇒ Final Population = 45000 × (108 ÷ 100) × (108 ÷ 100)

⇒ Final Population = 45000 × (27 ÷ 25) × (27 ÷ 25)

⇒ Final Population = 45000 × (729 ÷ 625)

⇒ Final Population = 72 × 729

⇒ Final Population = 52,488

∴ The correct answer is 52,488.

Additional Information

Effective Percentage Rate

For successive changes of x% and y%, the net effective change is calculated directly using the formula (x + y + x × y ÷ 100)%. This rule is a highly efficient alternative to compounding formulas for integers like 4%, 5%, or 8%.

Population Depreciation

If the population of a region experiences a continuous decline at a rate of R% annually, the population after n years is calculated using the depletion formula: P × (1 − R ÷ 100)ⁿ.

Fraction Equivalents

Converting percentage values into basic fractions dramatically simplifies compound growth problems. For example, knowing that 8% = 2 ÷ 25 allows you to directly construct the multiplying factor as (1 + 2 ÷ 25) = 27 ÷ 25.

Shortcut Trick

Total Cost Price (CP) for 400 guavas = 4 × ₹1240 = ₹4960

Total Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit = 4960 + 940 = ₹5900

SP of 1 guava = 5900 ÷ 400 = ₹59/4

Selling price per dozen (12 guavas) = (59/4) × 12 = 59 × 3 = ₹177

∴ The correct answer is ₹177.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of guavas bought = 400

Cost rate = ₹1240 per 100 guavas

Profit earned = ₹940

Formula Used:

Total Selling Price (SP) = Total Cost Price (CP) + Profit

SP per dozen = (Total SP ÷ Total Quantity) × 12

Total CP = ₹4960

• ₹940 Profit

Total SP = ₹5900 Transaction for 400 Guavas

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP for 400 guavas = (1240 ÷ 100) × 400

⇒ Total CP = 1240 × 4 = ₹4960

⇒ Total SP for 400 guavas = 4960 + 940 = ₹5900

⇒ Number of dozens in 400 guavas = 400 ÷ 12 = 100/3 dozens

⇒ SP of 1 dozen = Total SP ÷ Total dozens

⇒ SP of 1 dozen = 5900 ÷ (100/3)

⇒ SP of 1 dozen = (5900 × 3) ÷ 100 = 59 × 3 = ₹177

∴ The correct answer is ₹177.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when the Selling Price (SP) is greater than the Cost Price (CP). Formula: Profit = SP − CP.

Unitary Method

The Unitary Method involves finding the value of a single unit first, and then multiplying it to find the total value for the required units.

Quantity Conversion

One dozen consists of 12 items. To convert a per-item price to a per-dozen price, simply multiply the price of one item by 12.

Shortcut Trick

The radius (24) and height (10) form a Pythagorean triplet with the slant height (l).

Triplet base (5, 12, 13) × 2 → (10, 24, 26). Thus, slant height l = 26 cm.

Curved Surface Area = π × r × l

CSA = π × 24 × 26 = 624π cm².

∴ The correct answer is 624π cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of the base (r) = 24 cm

Height of the cone (h) = 10 cm

Formula Used:

Slant height (l) = √(r² + h²)

Curved Surface Area (CSA) = π × r × l

h = 10 r = 24 l = ? Curved Surface Area = πrl

Calculations:

⇒ l = √(24² + 10²)

⇒ l = √(576 + 100)

⇒ l = √676

⇒ l = 26 cm

⇒ CSA = π × 24 × 26

⇒ CSA = 624π cm²

∴ The correct answer is 624π cm².

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of a Cone

TSA includes both the curved surface and the circular base: TSA = πrl + πr² = πr(l + r).

Volume of a Cone

The space occupied by the cone is given by: V = (1/3) × πr²h.

Frustum of a Cone

When the top of a cone is sliced off parallel to the base, the curved surface area of the resulting frustum is πl(r₁ + r₂).

Shortcut Trick

The Selling Price (SP) will be exactly (100% − 19%) = 81% of the Marked Price.

SP = 81% of 8980

SP = 0.81 × 8980 = 7273.8

Rounding off to the nearest rupee, we get ₹ 7,274.

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 7,274.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹ 8,980

Discount = 19%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100

MP ₹ 8980

− 19% Discount

SP ₹ 7274

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 8980 × (100 − 19) ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 8980 × 81 ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 898 × 8.1

⇒ SP = 7273.8

⇒ Rounding off to the nearest rupee, SP ≈ ₹ 7,274

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 7,274.

Additional Information

Successive Discounts

When two consecutive discounts of a% and b% are given, the equivalent single discount is calculated by: a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100.

Mark-up Percentage

It is the percentage by which the Marked Price is set above the Cost Price. Formula: Mark-up % = (MP − CP) ÷ CP × 100.

Direct Relation (MP and CP)

The ratio of Marked Price to Cost Price can be directly written as: MP ÷ CP = (100 + Profit%) ÷ (100 − Discount%).

Shortcut Trick

The required number must be of the form [LCM(8, 16, 18, 20, 25) × k] + 3.

LCM of the given divisors is 3600, so the number x = 3600k + 3.

Since x is exactly divisible by 7, (3600k + 3) ÷ 7 must yield a remainder of 0.

3600 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 2, so we only need to check the remainder of (2k + 3).

For k = 2, 2(2) + 3 = 7, which is fully divisible by 7. Thus, x = 3600 × 2 + 3 = 7203.

∴ The correct answer is 7203.

Alternate Method

Given:

Divisors = 8, 16, 18, 20 and 25

Remainder in each case = 3

The number x is exactly divisible by 7.

Formula Used:

Required Number = LCM(Divisors) × k + Remainder

Calculation:

⇒ Prime factorization of the given divisors:

⇒ 8 = 2³

⇒ 16 = 2⁴

⇒ 18 = 2 × 3²

⇒ 20 = 2² × 5

⇒ 25 = 5²

⇒ LCM = 2⁴ × 3² × 5²

⇒ LCM = 16 × 9 × 25 = 3600

⇒ Therefore, the required least number x is of the form 3600k + 3.

⇒ We are given that x is exactly divisible by 7.

⇒ 3600k + 3 = (514 × 7 + 2)k + 3

⇒ 3600k + 3 = 7 × 514k + (2k + 3)

⇒ For the entire expression to be completely divisible by 7, the remaining term (2k + 3) must be a multiple of 7.

⇒ Put k = 1: 2(1) + 3 = 5 (Not divisible by 7)

⇒ Put k = 2: 2(2) + 3 = 7 (Exactly divisible by 7)

⇒ Substitute k = 2 into the general expression for x:

⇒ x = 3600 × 2 + 3

⇒ x = 7200 + 3 = 7203

∴ The correct answer is 7203.

Additional Information

LCM Remainder Concept (Same Remainder)

When a number divided by a, b, and c leaves the same remainder r in each case, the required least number is given by LCM(a, b, c) × k + r.

LCM Remainder Concept (Different Remainders)

When a number divided by a, b, and c leaves remainders p, q, and r respectively such that (a − p) = (b − q) = (c − r) = d, the required number is LCM(a, b, c) × k − d.

HCF Remainder Concept (Same Remainder)

The greatest number that divides a, b, and c to leave the same remainder in each case is the HCF of |a − b|, |b − c|, and |c − a|.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are said to be co-prime if their HCF is exactly 1. The LCM of two co-prime numbers is always equal to their product.

Shortcut Trick

When CI amounts become equal, the ratio of shares is (1 + Rate/100)^{Time Diff}.

Difference in time = (22 − 13) − (22 − 14) = 9 − 8 = 1 year.

Ratio of Shivam's share to Rakesh's share = (1 + 10/100)¹ = 11/10.

Shivam's share = [11 ÷ (11 + 10)] × 23100 = (11/21) × 23100.

Shivam's share = 11 × 1100 = 12100.

∴ The correct answer is ₹12100.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total money = ₹23100

Rate of interest (R) = 10% compounded annually

Rakesh's age = 13 years, Shivam's age = 14 years

Final amounts at age 22 are equal

Formula Used:

Amount in CI = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Age 13 ₹ R Age 22 Amount A 9 years @ 10% CI

Age 14 ₹ S Age 22 Amount A 8 years @ 10% CI

Equal Amounts

Calculations:

Let the initial amount given to Rakesh be ₹R and to Shivam be ₹S.

⇒ Total sum = R + S = 23100

⇒ Time for Rakesh's sum to grow = 22 − 13 = 9 years

⇒ Time for Shivam's sum to grow = 22 − 14 = 8 years

⇒ Amount of Rakesh = Amount of Shivam

⇒ R(1 + 10/100)⁹ = S(1 + 10/100)⁸

⇒ R(1.1)⁹ = S(1.1)⁸

⇒ R × 1.1 = S

⇒ S/R = 1.1/1 = 11/10

⇒ Ratio of Shivam's share to Rakesh's share = 11 : 10

⇒ Total ratio parts = 11 + 10 = 21

⇒ 21 parts = 23100

⇒ 1 part = 23100 ÷ 21 = 1100

⇒ Shivam's share (11 parts) = 11 × 1100 = 12100

∴ The correct answer is ₹12100.

Additional Information

Division of Sum in Compound Interest

When a sum is divided such that amounts on two parts are equal after different times (t₁ and t₂), the ratio of the principal parts is inversely proportional to the accumulating factor: P₁/P₂ = (1 + r/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Compound Interest Formula

The amount accumulated after n years is calculated as A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ, and the Compound Interest earned is CI = A − P.

Effective Compound Interest Rate

For 2 years, the effective rate of CI is given by R_eff = 2R + (R²/100)%. This helps in finding direct percentage change without calculating the final amount first.

Shortcut Trick

Speed ratio (New : Normal) = 2 : 3

Time ratio (New : Normal) = 3 : 2 (since distance is constant)

Difference in time ratio = 3 − 2 = 1 unit

1 unit = 45 minutes

Normal time (2 units) = 2 × 45 = 90 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 90 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

New speed = 2/3 of normal speed

Zakir is late by 45 minutes.

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

When Distance is constant, Speed ∝ 1 / Time

City A City B Distance (D) = Constant Normal Journey: Speed = S, Time = T New Journey: Speed = 2/3 S, Time = T + 45

Calculations:

⇒ Let the normal speed be S and normal time be T.

⇒ Normal Distance = S × T

⇒ New Speed = (2/3) × S

⇒ Since the distance is the same, New Time = (3/2) × T

⇒ We are given that the new time is 45 minutes more than the normal time.

⇒ New Time − Normal Time = 45 minutes

⇒ (3/2 × T) − T = 45

⇒ (1/2) × T = 45

⇒ T = 90 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 90 minutes.

Additional Information

Relative Speed

When two bodies move in the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂. When they move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Average Speed

If equal distances are covered at different speeds, Average Speed = (2 × S₁ × S₂) ÷ (S₁ + S₂). Otherwise, Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time.

Inverse Proportionality

If distance is constant, speed and time are inversely proportional (S₁ / S₂ = T₂ / T₁).

Conversion of Speed Units

To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/hr, multiply by 18/5.

Given:

Evaluate: 16 + 9 ÷ 3 - 2 × 3

Calculation:

16 + 9 ÷ 3 - 2 × 3

⇒ 16 + 3 - 2 × 3

⇒ 16 + 3 - 6

⇒ 13

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Shortcut Trick

Using the direct Alligation cross method for the two varieties:

Ratio of quantity of dearer to cheaper rice = (Mean Price − Cheaper Price) : (Dearer Price − Mean Price)

⇒ Ratio = (6.30 − 5.30) : (8.30 − 6.30)

⇒ Ratio = 1.00 : 2.00 = 1 : 2

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 2.

Alternate Method

Given:

Price of dearer rice (D) = ₹ 8.30 per kg

Price of cheaper rice (C) = ₹ 5.30 per kg

Mean price of the mixture (M) = ₹ 6.30 per kg

₹ 8.30

₹ 5.30

₹ 6.30

1.00

2.00 Ratio = 1 : 2

Formula Used:

By rule of alligation: Quantity of Dearer ÷ Quantity of Cheaper = (Mean Price − Cheaper Price) ÷ (Dearer Price − Mean Price)

Calculations:

⇒ Quantity of ₹8.30 rice ÷ Quantity of ₹5.30 rice = (6.30 − 5.30) ÷ (8.30 − 6.30)

⇒ Quantity Ratio = 1.00 ÷ 2.00

⇒ Quantity Ratio = 1 : 2

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 2.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

It is a quick method to find the ratio in which two ingredients at given prices must be mixed to produce a mixture of a desired price. The formula is: Ratio = (Mean − Cheaper) : (Dearer − Mean).

Repeated Replacement Formula

If a container holds x volume of pure liquid, and y volume is removed and replaced with water n times sequentially, the pure liquid left = x × (1 − y/x)ⁿ.

Average Price of Mixture

When the ratio is already known, the mean price M can be calculated directly as M = (Q₁ × P₁ + Q₂ × P₂) ÷ (Q₁ + Q₂), where Q represents quantity and P represents the price.

Shortcut Trick

Time for Shivam's money = 8 years, and for Rakesh = 9 years.

When amounts are equal, Ratio of Shivam's Share to Rakesh's Share = (1 + Rate/100)⁹⁻⁸ : 1

Ratio S : R = (1 + 5/100)¹ : 1 = 105/100 : 1 = 21 : 20

Shivam's share = [21 / (21 + 20)] × Total Wealth

Shivam's share = (21 / 41) × 24600 = ₹12600

∴ The correct answer is ₹12600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total wealth with Baban = ₹24600

Age of Rakesh = 13 years

Age of Shivam = 14 years

Age of receiving money = 22 years

Rate of interest = 5% compounded annually

Formula Used:

Amount A = P(1 + R/100)^t

Rakesh (13 yrs) Share = R

Shivam (14 yrs) Share = S

Age 22 yrs Amounts Equal

t = 9 yrs, r = 5%

t = 8 yrs, r = 5%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial amount given to Rakesh be ₹R and to Shivam be ₹S.

⇒ R + S = 24600

⇒ Time for Rakesh's money to grow (t₁) = 22 − 13 = 9 years.

⇒ Time for Shivam's money to grow (t₂) = 22 − 14 = 8 years.

⇒ Amount obtained by Rakesh at age 22 = R × (1 + 5/100)⁹

⇒ Amount obtained by Shivam at age 22 = S × (1 + 5/100)⁸

⇒ According to the question, both receive equal amounts when they turn 22.

⇒ R × (105/100)⁹ = S × (105/100)⁸

⇒ S / R = (105/100)⁹ ÷ (105/100)⁸

⇒ S / R = 105 / 100 = 21 / 20

⇒ The ratio of their shares S : R = 21 : 20

⇒ Total ratio parts = 21 + 20 = 41 parts.

⇒ Value of 41 parts = 24600

⇒ Value of 1 part = 24600 ÷ 41 = 600

⇒ Shivam's initial amount (S) = 21 parts = 21 × 600 = 12600

∴ The correct answer is ₹12600.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)^t, where P = Principal, R = Rate of interest per annum, and t = Time in years.

Dividing sum for equal final amounts in CI

If a sum is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ such that their amounts are equal after t₁ and t₂ years respectively at R% compound interest, then their principal ratio P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Effective Compound Interest Rate

For a 5% annual compound rate, the effective CI for 2 years is calculated using the successive percentage rule as x + y + (x × y)/100 = 5 + 5 + 25/100 = 10.25%.

Shortcut Trick

Distance is the product of speed and time.

Time in hours = 90 ÷ 60 = 1.5 hours.

Distance = 42 × 1.5 = 63 km.

∴ The correct answer is 63 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of the scooterist = 42 km/h

Time taken = 90 minutes

Start End

Speed = 42 km/h Time = 1.5 h

Distance = 63 km

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculations:

⇒ First, we convert the time from minutes to hours because the speed is in km/h.

⇒ Time = 90 ÷ 60 hours

⇒ Time = 1.5 hours

⇒ Distance = 42 × 1.5

⇒ Distance = 63 km

∴ The correct answer is 63 km.

Additional Information

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5 ÷ 18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18 ÷ 5.

Average Speed

When identical distances are covered at speeds S₁ and S₂, Average Speed = (2 × S₁ × S₂) ÷ (S₁ + S₂).

Relative Speed

For bodies moving in the same direction, Relative Speed = |S₁ − S₂|. For bodies moving in opposite directions, Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂.

Shortcut Trick

Present age ratio of Mother to Daughter = 7 : 2

Age ratio after 12 years = 9 : 4

Difference in ratio parts: 9 − 7 = 2 parts, 4 − 2 = 2 parts.

Here, 2 parts = 12 years ⇒ 1 part = 6 years.

Current age of Mother = 7 parts × 6 = 42 years.

∴ The correct answer is 42 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ Present ratio of Mother to Daughter = 7 : 2

⇒ Ratio after 12 years = 9 : 4

Mother Daughter

Present

7 :

2

+12 yrs

+12 yrs

Future

9 :

4

Difference = 2 parts = 12 years → 1 part = 6 years

Calculations:

⇒ Let the present age of the Mother be 7x and the Daughter be 2x.

⇒ After 12 years, Mother's age = 7x + 12

⇒ After 12 years, Daughter's age = 2x + 12

⇒ According to the question: (7x + 12) ÷ (2x + 12) = 9 ÷ 4

⇒ Cross-multiplying: 4 × (7x + 12) = 9 × (2x + 12)

⇒ 28x + 48 = 18x + 108

⇒ 28x − 18x = 108 − 48

⇒ 10x = 60

⇒ x = 6

⇒ Present age of Mother = 7x = 7 × 6 = 42 years.

∴ The correct answer is 42 years.

Additional Information

Constant Age Difference

The difference between the ages of two individuals always remains constant regardless of the time (past, present, or future).

Cross-Multiplication Trick

If ratio a : b becomes c : d after adding x to both, the value of 1 part can be directly found as [x(c − d)] ÷ (ad − bc).

Ratio Balancing

If the difference between the numerator and denominator of two age ratios is unequal, balance them by multiplying each ratio by the difference of the parts of the other ratio.

Shortcut Trick

For two given numbers a and b, the third proportional is calculated directly as b² ÷ a.

Here, a = 20 and b = 25.

Third proportional = 25² ÷ 20

⇒ 625 ÷ 20 = 31.25

∴ The correct answer is 31.25.

Alternate Method

Given:

The two given numbers are 20 and 25.

Formula Used:

For a continuous proportion of three terms a, b, and c, we have:

⇒ a : b :: b : c

⇒ Product of Extremes = Product of Means

First Second Second Third

20

:

25

::

25

:

x

20 × x = 25 × 25

Calculations:

Let the third proportional be x.

⇒ 20 : 25 :: 25 : x

⇒ 20 × x = 25 × 25

⇒ 20x = 625

⇒ x = 625 ÷ 20

⇒ x = 31.25

∴ The correct answer is 31.25.

Additional Information

First Proportional

For two numbers a and b, the first proportional is x such that x : a :: a : b. Formula: x = a² ÷ b.

Mean Proportional

For two numbers a and b, the mean proportional is the square root of their product. Formula: Mean = √(a × b).

Fourth Proportional

For three numbers a, b, and c, the fourth proportional is x such that a : b :: c : x. Formula: x = (b × c) ÷ a.

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of two ratios a : b and c : d is obtained by multiplying their corresponding terms. Formula: (a × c) : (b × d).

Shortcut Trick

Overall average of the 3 persons = 45 kg

Deviation of (Amit + Gopal) average from overall = (43 − 45) × 2 = −4 kg

Deviation of (Gopal + Akshay) average from overall = (47 − 45) × 2 = +4 kg

Weight of the overlapping person (Gopal) = Overall Average + Sum of Deviations

⇒ Gopal's weight = 45 + (−4 + 4) = 45 kg

∴ The correct answer is 45 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of Amit, Gopal, and Akshay = 45 kg

Average weight of Amit and Gopal = 43 kg

Average weight of Gopal and Akshay = 47 kg

Formula Used:

Total Weight = Average Weight × Number of Persons

Amit

Gopal

Akshay

A + G = 86 kg

G + K = 94 kg

Total (A + G + K) = 135 kg

Calculations:

⇒ Sum of weights of Amit, Gopal, and Akshay = 45 × 3 = 135 kg

⇒ Sum of weights of Amit and Gopal = 43 × 2 = 86 kg

⇒ Sum of weights of Gopal and Akshay = 47 × 2 = 94 kg

⇒ Adding the weights of the two sub-groups:

⇒ (Amit + Gopal) + (Gopal + Akshay) = 86 + 94

⇒ Amit + 2 × Gopal + Akshay = 180 kg

⇒ Subtracting the total weight of all three from this sum gives Gopal's weight:

⇒ Gopal's weight = 180 − 135

⇒ Gopal's weight = 45 kg

∴ The correct answer is 45 kg.

Additional Information

Overlapping Group Averages

When one individual is counted twice in two separate sub-groups, their value can be found by: Overlapping Value = (Sum of Group 1 + Sum of Group 2) − Total Sum of all elements.

Deviation Method for Averages

The sum of deviations of all elements from their mean is always zero. This allows for quick calculation of missing values by balancing the positive and negative deviations across given groups.

Weighted Average

When groups have different numbers of items and different averages, the combined average is calculated as: (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Shortcut Trick

The minimum distance covered in complete steps is the LCM of the individual step lengths (90 cm, 95 cm, and 75 cm).

Take the common factor 5 out: LCM = 5 × LCM(18, 19, 15)

Since 18 and 15 have LCM 90, LCM(18, 19, 15) = 90 × 19 = 1710

Total distance (LCM) = 5 × 1710 = 8550 cm.

Convert to meters: 8550 cm ÷ 100 = 85.5 m.

∴ The correct answer is 85.5 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Step measure of 1^st person = 90 cm

Step measure of 2^nd person = 95 cm

Step measure of 3^rd person = 75 cm

Concept Used:

To find the minimum distance covered in complete steps by all persons, we must calculate the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of their given step measures.

Minimum Distance (LCM)

Steps of 90 cm

Steps of 95 cm

Steps of 75 cm

Distance = LCM (90, 95, 75)

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 90 = 2 × 3² × 5

⇒ Prime factorization of 95 = 5 × 19

⇒ Prime factorization of 75 = 3 × 5²

⇒ LCM = 2 × 3² × 5² × 19

⇒ LCM = 2 × 9 × 25 × 19

⇒ LCM = 8550 cm

⇒ Since 1 m = 100 cm, Distance in m = 8550 ÷ 100

⇒ Minimum distance = 85.5 m

∴ The correct answer is 85.5 m.

Additional Information

LCM in Real-Life Problems

Whenever events repeat at different intervals, their first common occurrence happens at their Least Common Multiple (e.g., bells tolling, meeting at a point, or taking complete steps over a distance).

HCF (Highest Common Factor)

When dividing items into the largest possible equal groups or finding maximum length measures that fit exactly, the HCF is calculated.

Conversion of Units

Always ensure that units are uniform before concluding your calculation. To convert centimeters (cm) into meters (m), always divide the value by 100.

LCM of Fractions

To find the LCM of multiple fractional values: LCM of fractions = LCM of numerators ÷ HCF of denominators.

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(10, 6, 15) = 30 units.

Combined cycle of 2 days (P+Q then R) = (3 + 5) − 2 = 6 units.

Work done in 4 cycles (8 days) = 4 × 6 = 24 units.

Remaining 6 units are completed by P & Q on the 9^th day in 6 ÷ 8 = 3/4 days.

∴ The correct answer is 8 ³/₄ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by P to complete the work = 10 days

Time taken by Q to complete the work = 6 days

Time taken by R to destroy the work = 15 days

Calculations:

⇒ Work done in 1^st day by P and Q = 3 + 5 = 8 units.

⇒ Work done in 2^nd day by R = −2 units.

⇒ Total work done in a cycle of 2 days = 8 − 2 = 6 units.

⇒ Work done in 4 cycles (8 days) = 4 × 6 = 24 units.

⇒ Remaining work = 30 − 24 = 6 units.

⇒ On the 9^th day, P and Q will work. Their combined efficiency is 8 units/day.

⇒ Time taken to complete the remaining 6 units = 6 ÷ 8 = 3/4 days.

⇒ Total time taken = 8 + 3/4 = 8 ³/₄ days.

∴ The correct answer is 8 ³/₄ days.

Additional Information

Alternate Days Work

When people work on alternate days, calculate the work done in one complete cycle. Always check the peak positive work in the cycle so you do not over-calculate cycles beyond the required total work.

Negative Work (Pipes & Cisterns concept)

When someone destroys work, their efficiency is taken as negative. The total cycle efficiency is the sum of positive and negative efficiencies.

LCM Method for Time & Work

Total work is assumed to be the LCM of individual times. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time Taken.

Shortcut Trick

Selling price of ₹35,400 corresponds to 118% of Cost Price.

⇒ Equivalent percentage for ₹33,000 = (118 ÷ 35,400) × 33,000

⇒ Equivalent percentage = (1 ÷ 300) × 33,000 = 110%

⇒ Since 110% is 10% more than 100% (Cost Price), there is a gain of 10%.

∴ The correct answer is Gain 10%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Selling Price (SP₁) = ₹35,400

Initial Profit% = 18%

New Selling Price (SP₂) = ₹33,000

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = (SP × 100) ÷ (100 + Profit%)

Profit% = [(SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100

CP ₹30,000

New SP ₹33,000

Old SP ₹35,400

• 18% Profit

• ? % Profit

Calculations:

⇒ CP = (35,400 × 100) ÷ (100 + 18)

⇒ CP = (35,400 × 100) ÷ 118

⇒ CP = 300 × 100 = ₹30,000

⇒ Profit = New SP − CP = 33,000 − 30,000 = ₹3,000

⇒ Profit% = (3,000 ÷ 30,000) × 100

⇒ Profit% = 10%

∴ The correct answer is Gain 10%.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price (MP) × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price.

Successive Profit or Loss

Net change% = x + y + (x × y) ÷ 100. For a loss, substitute the percentage value with a negative sign.

Dishonest Dealer

Profit% = [Error ÷ (True Value − Error)] × 100 when a dealer claims to sell goods at Cost Price but uses faulty weights.

Shortcut Trick Ratio of Expenditure to Savings = 275 : 100 = 11 : 4, Total Income parts = 15. Using net deviation: % Change = (w1x1 + w2x2) ÷ (w1 + w2) ⇒ Net % Change = [(11 × −12) + (4 × 40.5)] ÷ 15 ⇒ Net % Change = [−132 + 162] ÷ 15 = 30 ÷ 15 = +2% ∴ The correct answer is 2%. Alternate Method Given: Expenditure is 175% more than savings. Expenditure decreases by 12% and savings increase by 40.5%. Formula Used: Income = Expenditure + Savings Percentage Change = [(New Value − Original Value) ÷ Original Value] × 100

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Initial:

Exp = 275

Sav = 100

=> Total 375

−12% ↓

+40.5% ↑

Final:

Exp = 242

Sav = 140.5

=> Total 382.5

Income Change = 382.5 − 375 = +7.5 (+2%)

Calculations: ⇒ Let Savings = 100 ⇒ Expenditure = 100 + 175 = 275 ⇒ Initial Income = 100 + 275 = 375 ⇒ New Expenditure = 275 − (12 ÷ 100) × 275 = 275 − 33 = 242 ⇒ New Savings = 100 + (40.5 ÷ 100) × 100 = 100 + 40.5 = 140.5 ⇒ New Income = 242 + 140.5 = 382.5 ⇒ Increase in Income = 382.5 − 375 = 7.5 ⇒ % Increase in Income = (7.5 ÷ 375) × 100 ⇒ % Increase in Income = (750 ÷ 3750) × 100 = 2% ∴ The correct answer is 2%. Additional Information Percentage Increase or Decrease It is always calculated on the original base value: % Change = (Difference ÷ Original Value) × 100. Income, Expenditure & Savings Relation Income is strictly the sum of Expenditure and Savings. Changes in total income are directly dependent on the net variations of these two parts. Weighted Average (Net Deviation) Rule When separate components with ratio parts w1 and w2 undergo percentage changes x1 and x2, the net overall percentage change is given by (w1x1 + w2x2) ÷ (w1 + w2).

The correct answer is: Option 1 (Plump).

Key Points

• The word "Lanky" refers to someone who is tall, thin, and often awkward in movement or appearance. (दुबला-पतला और लंबा)
• Example: The lanky boy struggled to fit into the small chair during the meeting.
• "Plump" is the antonym of "Lanky" and refers to someone or something that is slightly fat or rounded in shape, indicating a fuller appearance. (गोलमटोल)
• Example: The plump cat lay lazily on the couch, basking in the sunlight.
• Hence, the opposite of "Lanky" is "Plump".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 (Plump).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Rare (दुर्लभ): Something uncommon, unusual, or unique.
• Example: It is rare to find such a talented artist in this small town.
• Rectangular (आयताकार): Having the shape of a rectangle, with four right angles.
• Example: The rectangular table was perfect for the dining room.
• Congenital (जन्मजात): Referring to a condition or trait that is present from birth.
• Example: The child was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect.

The correct answer is 'oil'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "burn the midnight oil" is an idiom that means working late into the night or studying until late hours.
• It originates from the era when oil lamps were used for lighting while working late.
• The other options: "water," "food," and "paper" do not fit the context or meaning of the idiom.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: After working tirelessly on the project for weeks, Mark finally decided to burn the midnight oil.

Additional Information

• Water: Does not fit the idiomatic usage.
• Food: Does not match the meaning of working late.
• Paper: Irrelevant to the idiom.

The correct answer is 'are developing'.

 

Key Points

• The verb "are developing" is in the present continuous tense, which is appropriate when discussing ongoing actions or plans for the near future.
• The sentence refers to an action that is currently happening or is planned for the future, making the use of the present continuous tense correct.
• Option 1, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context, as they do not match the tense required by the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: "Researchers are developing new technologies to improve recycling processes in the near future."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "was developing" is incorrect because it is in the past continuous tense, which does not align with the context of future plans.
• Option 3: "develop" is incorrect because it is in the base form and does not indicate an ongoing action.
• Option 4: "has been developing" is incorrect because it suggests an action that started in the past and continues, which does not fit the context of future plans.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. talked over the matter .

Key Points

• The phrase "pondered the matter" in the sentence suggests that the committee discussed or reflected on the issue.
• The most suitable substitute for this segment is "talked over the matter", which appropriately conveys the idea of discussing the issue.
• Options like "grinned in the matter" and "thought down the matter" are incorrect because they do not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option "pondering over the matter" is grammatically incorrect as it does not align with the past tense used in the sentence.

Correct sentence: The discipline committee of the college talked over the matter for two hours but did not take any decision.

Additional Information

• Synonyms for "talk over": Discuss, deliberate, debate, and reflect.
• Use of "talk over" in context:
• Example: Before making a decision, we need to talk over the pros and cons.
• Meaning: Engage in a discussion to consider all aspects of a situation.

The correct answer is: Plain.

Key Points

• The word "Baroque" refers to a style characterized by elaborate ornamentation and complexity, often associated with art, architecture, and music from the Baroque period. (बहुत अलंकृत)
• Example: The baroque design of the cathedral featured intricate carvings and gold details.
• "Plain" refers to something simple, without any elaborate decoration or ornamentation. It is the antonym of baroque. (सादा)
• Example: The plain white walls of the room gave it a minimalist aesthetic.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Baroque' is 'Plain'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Plain.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Florid (अत्यधिक अलंकृत): Excessively intricate or ornate.
• Example: His florid writing style made the text difficult to follow.
• Ornate (सजावटी): Decorated with complex patterns or elaborate details.
• Example: The ornate mirror in the hallway caught everyone's attention.
• Gilt (सोने का पानी चढ़ा हुआ): Covered with a thin layer of gold or resembling gold.
• Example: The gilt frame added a luxurious touch to the painting.

The correct answer is 'went'.

 

Key Points

• The verb "went" is the simple past tense form of the verb "go."
• The sentence describes an action that occurred in the past ("last night"), so the past tense "went" is required.
• Options 1, 2, and 3 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Complete Sentence: "My grandmother went to the temple alone last night."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "is going" is incorrect because it refers to an action happening in the present, not the past.
• Option 2: "have gone" is incorrect because it does not match the subject and tense of the sentence.
• Option 3: "goes" is incorrect because it refers to a habitual action, not a past action.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. "Exiuisite".

Key Points

• The word "Exiuisite" is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is "Exquisite".
• "Exquisite" means extremely beautiful and delicate. (अति सुंदर और नाजुक)
• Example: She wore an exquisite necklace that sparkled under the lights.
• The incorrect word "Exiuisite" does not exist in the English dictionary. It is a typographical error and should be replaced with "Exquisite".
• Correct word example: The chef prepared an exquisite dish that left everyone speechless.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Cuisine (खानपान शैली): Refers to a style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country or region.
• Example: French cuisine is known for its use of rich sauces and delicate flavors.
• Restaurants (रेस्तरां): Places where meals are prepared and served to customers.
• Example: We decided to try a new Italian restaurant downtown.
• Accolades (प्रशंसा): An acknowledgment or award for exceptional achievement.
• Example: The scientist received numerous accolades for her groundbreaking research.

The correct answer is: Boring and tiresome.

Key Points

• The word "Tedious" means something that is too long, slow, or dull, and therefore causes boredom or weariness. (थकाऊ और उबाऊ)
• Example: The long lecture on ancient history was so tedious that many students fell asleep.
• "Boring and tiresome" refers to something that lacks excitement or interest, making it unappealing or exhausting. (उबाऊ और थकावट भरा)
• Example: Repeating the same task every day can become boring and tiresome over time.
• Hence, the most appropriate meaning of "Tedious" is "Boring and tiresome".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Boring and tiresome.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Exciting and fun (रोमांचक और मजेदार): Something that is full of enthusiasm, energy, or enjoyment.
• Example: The amusement park ride was both exciting and fun for everyone.
• Inspiring and uplifting (प्रेरणादायक और उत्साहवर्धक): Something that motivates or makes you feel happy and encouraged.
• Example: The speech by the motivational speaker was truly inspiring and uplifting.
• Brief and concise (संक्षिप्त और सारगर्भित): Something that is short and to the point without unnecessary details.
• Example: The manager gave a brief and concise summary of the project goals.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. He doesn’t travel such more .

Key Points

• The sentence contains an error in part 2: "He doesn’t travel such more."
• The phrase "such more" is incorrect. The correct expression should be "so much" to indicate a reduced frequency of travel.
• The word "such" is generally used before nouns or noun phrases, while "so" is used before adjectives or adverbs.

Correct sentence: He doesn’t travel so much these days because he is not well.

Additional Information

• The usage of "such" and "so" often causes confusion:
• Such: Used with nouns to emphasize their quality or extent.
• Example: She is such a good teacher.
• So: Used with adjectives or adverbs to emphasize the degree.
• Example: He runs so fast.
• In this context, "so much" is the correct usage to describe the extent of traveling.

The correct answer is: Flog.

Key Points

• The word "Chastise" means to criticize or reprimand someone severely or to punish, especially by beating. (डांटना या दंड देना)
• Example: The teacher chastised the student for being late to class.
• "Flog" refers to beating someone with a whip or stick as a form of punishment. It is a synonym of "chastise" when chastise is used in the context of physical punishment. (कोड़े मारना)
• Example: The prisoner was flogged for breaking the rules.
• Hence, "Flog" is the most appropriate synonym for "Chastise."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Flog.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Compliment (प्रशंसा करना): To express praise or admiration for someone or something.
• Example: She complimented him on his excellent presentation skills.
• Laud (प्रशंसा करना): To praise someone or something highly, especially in a public context.
• Example: The scientist was lauded for her groundbreaking research.
• Praise (प्रशंसा): To express warm approval or admiration of someone or something.
• Example: The parents praised their child for scoring well in exams.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. was usual fast.

Key Points

• The error lies in the phrase "was usual fast."
• The word "usual" is an adjective and cannot modify the adverb "fast." Instead, the correct form should be the adverb "usually."
• The correct sentence should read: "Most of the passengers complained that the speed of the bus was usually fast."

Correct sentence: Most of the passengers complained that the speed of the bus was usually fast.

Additional Information

• Adjectives vs. Adverbs:
• Adjectives: Describe nouns or pronouns (e.g., "usual speed").
• Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., "usually fast").
• It is important to choose the correct form based on the function of the word in the sentence to ensure grammatical accuracy.

The correct answer is 'facing'.

 

Key Points

• The word "facing" means dealing with or experiencing something, especially a difficult situation. (सामना करना)
• In the given context, the company is experiencing financial difficulties due to declining sales, which makes "facing" the most appropriate choice.
• The other options: "challenging," "doing," and "directing" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: The company is facing financial difficulties due to declining sales.

Additional Information

• Challenging (चुनौतीपूर्ण): refers to something that is difficult and tests one's abilities.
• Doing (करना): refers to performing an action, which is not suitable in this context.
• Directing (निर्देशन देना): refers to giving instructions or guidance, which does not fit the context here.

The correct answer is: Brilliant.

Key Points

• The word "Fatuous" means silly, foolish, or lacking intelligence. (मूर्खतापूर्ण)
• Example: His fatuous comment about the serious issue made everyone uncomfortable.
• "Brilliant" refers to something that is highly intelligent, clever, or outstanding in quality. (प्रतिभाशाली)
• Example: Her brilliant idea saved the company a lot of money.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Fatuous' is 'Brilliant'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Brilliant.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Dim (मंद): Not bright or clear; lacking in light or intelligence.
• Example: The dim bulb barely lit up the room.
• Sappy (भावुक): Overly sentimental or emotional.
• Example: The movie was too sappy for my taste.
• Lamebrain (मूर्ख): A slang term for someone who is not very smart or is foolish.
• Example: Don’t be such a lamebrain; think it through!

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. "curricular".

Key Points

• The word "curricullam" is incorrectly spelled. The correct spelling is "curricular".
• "Curricullam" does not exist in the English language. It seems to be a misspelling of "curriculum" or "curricular".
• The word "curricular" means something that is related to a school, college, or educational curriculum. (पाठ्यक्रम से संबंधित)
• Example: The school introduced new extracurricular and curricular activities this year.
• "Curriculum" refers to the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college. (पाठ्यक्रम)
• Example: The curriculum includes courses in science, mathematics, and history.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. "curricular".

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: curricural (incorrect spelling) - This is an invalid word in English. (त्रुटिपूर्ण शब्द)
• Option 3: currciular (incorrect spelling) - This is also an invalid word and a misspelling of "curricular". (त्रुटिपूर्ण शब्द)
• Option 4: curicullam (incorrect spelling) - This is a misspelling of "curriculum" and is invalid in English. (त्रुटिपूर्ण शब्द)

The correct answer is 'plough'.

 

Key Points

• The word "plough" means to turn over the soil using a plough in preparation for sowing seeds.
• The statement refers to farmers preparing their fields, which aligns with the action of ploughing.
• The other options: "tropical," "isotope," and "collide" do not fit the context.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: The farmers will plough their fields tomorrow.

Additional Information

• Tropical: relates to regions near the equator, unsuitable for the sentence.
• Isotope: refers to variants of chemical elements, irrelevant to farming.
• Collide: means to crash into something, which does not fit the context of field preparation.

The correct answer is 'biggest'.

 

Key Points

• The passage refers to the US being the primary shareholder in the World Bank, and biggest fits well to describe the largest or most significant shareholder in the context of the World Bank.
• The word biggest aligns with the idea that the US holds the largest stake in the bank, which is a financial context.
• Longest, tallest, and brightest do not fit the context of describing financial stakes, as they refer to physical attributes or qualities, rather than the size or magnitude of a shareholding.
• Biggest is the most appropriate word to describe the largest shareholder in terms of financial influence or size of share in the bank.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: The US is the (1) biggest shareholder in the World Bank and traditionally, the bank’s president has been a US citizen (2)_______ by Washington. Small island developing states have argued for moving the fund (3)_______ from a donor recipient model, with all their usual power imbalances, (4)______ a partnership founded on a shared commitment to protecting the planet. This will require partial or total (5)_______ of the World Bank. This is already happening under its new president, some argue. But hosting the fund within the bank would still give donor countries disproportionate influence.

 

Additional Information

• Longest refers to time or duration, which does not fit the financial context of being the largest shareholder in a bank.
• Tallest refers to height, which does not relate to shareholding or financial stakes in the context of the passage.
• Brightest is associated with light or intelligence, which is unrelated to the concept of shareholding or financial dominance in this passage.

The correct answer is 'nominated'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the selection process for the president of the World Bank, and nominated is the most fitting word, indicating that the president is selected or put forward by Washington.
• Nominated refers to the formal act of suggesting or appointing someone to a position, which makes sense in the context of the president of the World Bank being selected by Washington.
• Other options like radiated, ruminated, and culminated do not fit the context of selecting or choosing a person for a position. Radiated implies spreading or emitting something, ruminated means thinking deeply, and culminated refers to reaching the highest point or final stage of something, none of which are appropriate in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: The US is the (1) biggest shareholder in the World Bank and traditionally, the bank’s president has been a US citizen (2) nominated by Washington. Small island developing states have argued for moving the fund (3)_______ from a donor recipient model, with all their usual power imbalances, (4)______ a partnership founded on a shared commitment to protecting the planet. This will require partial or total (5)_______ of the World Bank. This is already happening under its new president, some argue. But hosting the fund within the bank would still give donor countries disproportionate influence.

 

Additional Information

• Radiated refers to something being emitted or spread, which does not fit the context of appointing or selecting someone.
• Ruminated means to think deeply about something, which is unrelated to the process of nominating or selecting a president.
• Culminated refers to reaching a final point or climax, which is not applicable to the act of appointing a president for the World Bank.

The correct answer is 'away'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses a shift from a donor-recipient model to a more equitable system. The word away fits here, indicating the movement away from a model that reinforces power imbalances.
• Away suggests moving or transitioning from something, which aligns with the context of changing the structure of the fund and shifting away from a donor-recipient relationship.
• Other options such as beside, during, and along do not effectively convey the idea of moving away from an existing model or system.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: The US is the (1) biggest shareholder in the World Bank and traditionally, the bank’s president has been a US citizen (2) nominated by Washington. Small island developing states have argued for moving the fund (3) away from a donor recipient model, with all their usual power imbalances, (4)______ a partnership founded on a shared commitment to protecting the planet. This will require partial or total (5)_______ of the World Bank. This is already happening under its new president, some argue. But hosting the fund within the bank would still give donor countries disproportionate influence.

 

Additional Information

• Beside refers to being next to something, which does not fit the context of a change or shift from one model to another.
• During refers to something happening in the course of time, which does not fit the sense of changing or moving away from a model.
• Along suggests moving in a parallel direction, which does not capture the sense of distancing or transitioning from an old model.

The correct answer is 'towards'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "towards a partnership" suggests the direction or goal of the intended relationship, which fits with the idea of moving toward a more equitable, shared commitment to protecting the planet.
• The preposition towards indicates a direction or movement, which fits the context of transitioning from a donor-recipient model to a partnership based on mutual goals.
• Other options such as lest, liable, and behind do not correctly convey the intended direction or transition from one model to another.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: The US is the (1) biggest shareholder in the World Bank and traditionally, the bank’s president has been a US citizen (2) nominated by Washington. Small island developing states have argued for moving the fund (3) away from a donor recipient model, with all their usual power imbalances, (4) towards a partnership founded on a shared commitment to protecting the planet. This will require partial or total (5)_______ of the World Bank. This is already happening under its new president, some argue. But hosting the fund within the bank would still give donor countries disproportionate influence.

 

Additional Information

• Lest refers to the idea of preventing something, which does not fit the context of a transition to a new model of partnership.
• Liable indicates responsibility or being subject to something, which is not suitable in describing the shift towards a new partnership.
• Behind indicates something occurring later or after, which does not reflect the idea of progressing towards a new goal or partnership.

The correct answer is 'reform'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses a change in the structure and function of the World Bank, specifically a shift away from a donor-recipient model towards a more equitable partnership.
• The word reform refers to making changes or improvements to an institution or system, which fits with the context of restructuring the World Bank to make it more effective and fair.
• Other options like reckon, resign, and redeem do not align with the context of making significant changes or improvements to the World Bank's structure and operations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: The US is the (1) biggest shareholder in the World Bank and traditionally, the bank’s president has been a US citizen (2) nominated by Washington. Small island developing states have argued for moving the fund (3) away from a donor recipient model, with all their usual power imbalances, (4) towards a partnership founded on a shared commitment to protecting the planet. This will require partial or total (5)reform of the World Bank. This is already happening under its new president, some argue. But hosting the fund within the bank would still give donor countries disproportionate influence.

 

Additional Information

• Reckon means to think or believe, which doesn't fit the context of making changes or improvements to an institution.
• Resign means to quit a position, which does not align with the idea of changing the structure or operations of the World Bank.
• Redeem refers to making something right, often in a moral sense, but does not align with the context of restructuring an organization.