SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 10 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

ERHT is related to BLEN 

XSNR is related to UMKL

Similarly,

DIOQ is related to

Thus, DIOQ is related to 'ACLK'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Decoding symbols:

Given: P + Q – R × S ÷ T

P + Q → P is the daughter of Q.

Q – R → Q is the brother of R.

R × S → R is the wife of S.

S ÷ T → S is the father of T.

Thus, P is T's Mother's brother's daughter.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

NSBX is related to QQZA

OKIR is related to RIGU

Similarly,

DTAF is related to

Thus, DTAF is related to 'GRYI'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The Venn diagram that best illustrates the relationship between the following classes:

Sister, Brother, Friend

Hence, the correct answer is "Optio  3".

Given Series: _GCE G_FH JM_K MPL_ PSO_

Option 4 (DJINQ) by sequentially placing its letters in the blanks:

Resulting series: DGCE GJFH JMIK MPLN PSOQ

 

Thus, DJINQ is the correct answer.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

BODMAS Rule:

According to the question, the signs are interchanged as follows:

Now,

Given expression: 9 − 4 × 58 + 2 ÷ 22 = ?

After interchanging the specified signs:

⇒ 9 × 4 − 58 ÷ 2 + 22

Perform operations according to BODMA:

⇒ 9 × 4 − 58 ÷ 2 + 22

⇒ 9 × 4 − 29 + 22

⇒ 36 − 29 + 22

⇒ 58 - 29

⇒ 29

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given Word:

KNIFERS

Arrange the letters of "KNIFERS" in English alphabetical order:

Arranging them in alphabetical order, we get: E, F, I, K, N, R, S.

E F I K N R S

Identify the letter which is second from the left end in the new letter cluster:

The second letter from the left is F.

The third letter from the right is N.

Count the number of letters in the English alphabetical order between F and N:

The letters in the English alphabet between F and N are: G, H, I, J, K, L, M.

Counting these letters, we find there are 7 letters.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given code language is:

Thus, the code for V is '4'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 'ZNO' will be the next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The paper appear when unfolded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 98 will be the next number in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) UWY

Not follow the same logic.

Option 2) RTU

Option 3) CEF

Option 4) GIJ

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Eight people are sitting in two parallel rows containing 4 people each, in such a way that there is equal distance between adjacent persons.

No one sits to the right of S.

No one sits to the right of N.

Only one person sits between S and A.

O sits second to the left of T. M doesn't face E

Thus, O and S options represents both people facing each other.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

Seven people, L, M, N, O, W, X and Y, are sitting in a row, facing north.

No one sits to the right of N.

Only three people sit between N and X.

Only two people sit between X and W.  

M sits third to the left of L.

Y sits to the immediate right of L.

Thus, 3 people sit between O and W.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 904 will be the next number in the series. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The given code language is:

Thus, the code for I is 'rc'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

As, W is common in both the dice.

Moving clockwise from the common letter W,

Opposite pairs.

V ⇔ Z

U ⇔ Y

W ⇔ X

Thus, opposite face of X is W.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The least possible venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

(I): Some stars are actors → False(As, there is no direct relation between Stars and actors)

(II): Some dancers are actors → False(As, there is no direct relation between dancers and actors)

Thus, Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The mirror image of given figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Union Public Service Commission - Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

Key Points

• The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a Constitutional body responsible for conducting prestigious exams like Civil Services Examination, Indian Forest Service Examination, and others.
• It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, which is headed by the Prime Minister as the Minister-in-charge.
• The Ministry provides administrative support and resources to UPSC for its functioning.
• UPSC was established under Article 315 of the Indian Constitution, which provides for its composition, appointment, and tenure of members.
• The body is independent and insulated from external pressures, ensuring fair and transparent recruitment to various government posts.

Additional Information

• Inter State Council
• The Inter State Council is a Constitutional body established under Article 263 of the Constitution to facilitate coordination between the Union and State governments.
• It is under the Ministry of Home Affairs, not the Ministry of Finance.
• The Council is primarily tasked with addressing disputes and fostering cooperative federalism in India.
• Attorney General of India
• The Attorney General is the highest law officer of India, appointed under Article 76 of the Constitution.
• He/She is not linked to the Ministry of Home Affairs but works as the chief legal advisor to the Government of India.
• The Attorney General is appointed by the President and holds office during the pleasure of the President.
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
• The NCSC is a Constitutional body established under Article 338 of the Constitution.
• It functions under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, not the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• The Commission safeguards the interests of Scheduled Castes and investigates complaints regarding their rights and privileges.
• Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
• This Ministry is the nodal ministry for personnel management, including recruitment, training, and capacity building in the Government of India.
• It oversees the functioning of Constitutional bodies like UPSC and statutory bodies like the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).
• The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) is a key department under this Ministry.

The correct answer is October 2024.

Key Points

• 'Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan' was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in October 2024.
• The initiative aims to drive socio-economic development in tribal areas with a focus on sustainable growth and self-reliance.
• This program aligns with the Indian government’s ongoing efforts to strengthen tribal welfare and empowerment under various schemes.
• The campaign is named after the revered tribal leader Birsa Munda, often referred to as 'Dharti Aaba'.
• The Abhiyan emphasizes education, skill development, health, and livelihood opportunities for tribal communities.

Additional Information

• Birsa Munda
• Birsa Munda was a freedom fighter, religious leader, and folk hero who belonged to the Munda tribe in Jharkhand.
• He played a significant role in mobilizing tribal communities against British colonial rule.
• Birsa Munda is remembered for his efforts to protect tribal land and culture.
• He is referred to as 'Dharti Aaba', meaning 'Father of the Earth'.
• Tribal Welfare in India
• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is responsible for the implementation of various schemes targeting tribal communities.
• Key schemes include Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana, and Eklavya Model Residential Schools.
• These programs focus on providing education, healthcare, and livelihood opportunities to tribal populations.
• Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
• EMRS aims to impart quality education to tribal children in remote areas.
• The schools provide free education, accommodation, and meals to students.
• The curriculum emphasizes both academics and extracurricular activities to ensure holistic development.
• Van Dhan Yojana
• Van Dhan Yojana is an initiative under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to promote tribal entrepreneurship.
• It focuses on the value addition of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) through self-help groups.
• The scheme aims to enhance the income of tribal communities by leveraging their traditional knowledge and resources.

The correct answer is Watershed.

Key Points

• A watershed is an area of land where all the water drains into a particular river, lake, or other water body.
• It includes both surface water (streams, rivers, lakes) and groundwater that flows into the water system.
• Watersheds are usually separated by geographical features such as ridges, hills, or mountains.
• They play a critical role in water cycle management by collecting, storing, and channeling rainfall and snowmelt to downstream water bodies.
• Watershed management is essential for ensuring water quality, preventing floods, and sustaining biodiversity.

Additional Information

• Delta
• A delta is a landform created at the mouth of a river where it deposits sediments as it flows into a slower-moving or stagnant water body like an ocean, sea, or lake.
• Examples include the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta and the Nile Delta.
• Estuary
• An estuary is a coastal area where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean.
• Estuaries are rich in biodiversity and serve as crucial habitats for many aquatic species.
• Reservoir
• A reservoir is an artificial or natural lake used to store water for various purposes such as irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power generation.
• Examples include the Hirakud Reservoir in India and Lake Mead in the United States.
• Watershed Management
• Watershed management involves sustainable practices to conserve water, prevent erosion, and protect the ecosystem in a watershed area.
• It includes activities like afforestation, soil conservation, and rainwater harvesting.

The correct answer is 86^th Amendment.

Key Points

• The 86^th Amendment Act, enacted in 2002, inserted Article 21A into the Indian Constitution, making the Right to Education a Fundamental Right.
• It mandates that the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.
• To operationalize this, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE Act) was passed in 2009 and came into effect on April 1, 2010.
• The amendment also modified Article 45, obligating the State to provide early childhood care and education to children below six years of age.
• Additionally, it inserted Article 51A(k), specifying that parents or guardians must provide opportunities for education to their children aged 6 to 14 years.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Rights:
• Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution, ensuring basic rights to all citizens.
• They are enforceable by the courts and protect citizens from arbitrary actions by the State.
• Articles 12 to 35 cover various Fundamental Rights, including the right to equality, freedom, and education.
• Article 21A:
• Introduced by the 86^th Amendment, Article 21A provides the Right to Education as a Fundamental Right.
• This article ensures that every child aged 6 to 14 years has access to free and compulsory education.
• Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009:
• The RTE Act is a legislative framework to implement the provisions of Article 21A.
• It specifies the responsibilities of the central and state governments, schools, and parents in ensuring universal education.
• It also mandates a 25% reservation for economically weaker sections in private schools.
• Early Childhood Care and Education:
• Article 45, as amended, emphasizes the importance of pre-primary education for children below six years of age.
• Programs like Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) aim to cater to this need.

The correct answer is Mohammad Shami.

Key Points

• Mohammad Shami, the Indian fast bowler, won the Purple Cap in IPL 2023 for taking the highest number of wickets in the tournament.
• He took a total of 28 wickets in 17 matches, showcasing his exceptional bowling performance throughout the season.
• Shami played a key role in leading his team, the Gujarat Titans, to the finals of the IPL 2023.
• He maintained an impressive economy rate of 8.03 and consistently delivered in the powerplay overs.
• Shami's dominance in the tournament was a testament to his skill in swinging the ball and executing yorkers effectively.

Additional Information

• Purple Cap in IPL:
• The Purple Cap is awarded to the bowler with the most wickets in a single IPL season.
• It was introduced in the inaugural season of IPL in 2008.
• The cap is passed on from one bowler to another during the season, depending on who tops the wicket-taker list.
• At the end of the tournament, the highest wicket-taker retains the Purple Cap.
• Gujarat Titans:
• The Gujarat Titans are a franchise cricket team that debuted in IPL 2022.
• They won the IPL title in their inaugural season under the leadership of Hardik Pandya.
• The team is based in Ahmedabad and plays its home matches at the Narendra Modi Stadium.
• IPL 2023 Overview:
• IPL 2023 was the 16^th edition of the Indian Premier League.
• The tournament featured 10 teams and was played across various venues in India.
• The Chennai Super Kings defeated the Gujarat Titans in the final to win their 5^th IPL title.
• Bowling Economy:
• Bowling economy rate refers to the average number of runs a bowler concedes per over.
• A lower economy rate is considered better and indicates control over the game.
• Shami's economy rate of 8.03 in IPL 2023 was commendable, especially in T20 cricket.

The correct answer is Jharkhand.

Key Points

• Sarhul is a major tribal festival predominantly celebrated in the state of Jharkhand.
• The festival marks the beginning of the new year for tribal communities and the advent of the spring season.
• It is celebrated by tribes like the Oraon, Munda, and Ho, who worship nature and their village deities.
• During Sarhul, the tribal communities worship the Sal tree, which is considered sacred, and offer its flowers to their deities.
• The festival involves traditional music, dance, and rituals that reflect the rich cultural heritage of Jharkhand's tribal population.

Additional Information

• Tribal Worship Practices
• In tribal culture, nature worship is a central aspect, and festivals like Sarhul are dedicated to expressing gratitude to the environment.
• Deities like
• Sal Tree (Shorea robusta)
• The Sal tree holds immense significance in tribal rituals and is considered a symbol of fertility and prosperity.
• Its flowers are central to the Sarhul festival and are offered to deities as part of the worship rituals.
• Tribal Dances and Music
• Traditional dance forms such as Paika and Jhumar are performed during Sarhul.
• Musical instruments like the Mandar and Nagara add rhythm and vibrancy to the celebrations.
• Other Tribal Festivals of Jharkhand
• Besides Sarhul, other significant tribal festivals include Karma Puja, Maghe Parab, and Baha.
• These festivals emphasize harmony with nature and community bonding.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• According to the Census of India 2011, Kerala has the highest literacy rate among Indian states with a literacy rate of 94.00%.
• Kerala's strong emphasis on education is attributed to the efforts of missionary organizations and early societal focus on literacy and schooling.
• The state has consistently maintained its leading position in literacy due to its well-established education infrastructure and policies.
• Kerala's female literacy rate is also the highest in India, reflecting gender equality in educational access.
• Other states with high literacy rates include Lakshadweep (91.85%) and Mizoram (91.33%), but Kerala remains at the top.

Additional Information

• Definition of Literacy Rate:
• Literacy rate refers to the percentage of people aged 7 and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language.
• Key Drivers of Kerala's Literacy:
• Initiatives like the Kerala State Literacy Mission have played a pivotal role in achieving universal literacy.
• Strong policies promoting public education and social reforms by leaders like Sree Narayana Guru and Ayyankali have contributed significantly.
• National Literacy Rate (2011):
• The overall literacy rate of India, as per the 2011 Census, stands at 74.04% with male literacy at 82.14% and female literacy at 65.46%.
• Comparison with Global Literacy:
• India's literacy rate, though improving, still lags behind the global average of 86.3% (as per UNESCO data).
• Recent Developments:
• The New Education Policy 2020 emphasizes universal foundational literacy and numeracy to improve India's literacy landscape.

The correct answer is Sponges.

Key Points

• Sponges (phylum Porifera) are considered the oldest metazoan group still existing on Earth, dating back to the Precambrian era, approximately 600 million years ago.
• They are simple multicellular organisms that lack tissues, organs, and a nervous system but possess specialized cells for various functions like feeding and reproduction.
• Sponges rely on a water canal system to filter feed, making them highly efficient filter feeders in aquatic ecosystems.
• Their fossil records suggest that they played a significant role in the evolution of early marine ecosystems and are considered a cornerstone in the study of evolutionary biology.
• Sponges are exclusively aquatic, with the majority being marine, although some freshwater species also exist.

Additional Information

• Phylum Porifera:
• Porifera, commonly known as sponges, derive their name from the Latin word "porus" (pore) and "ferre" (to bear), referring to their porous bodies.
• They exhibit asymmetrical or radial symmetry and are sessile as adults.
• Sponges have a skeleton made of spicules (calcareous or siliceous) or spongin fibers, providing structural support.
• Water Canal System:
• Sponges use a specialized canal system comprising ostia (pores), spongocoel (central cavity), and osculum (excurrent opening) to circulate water for feeding, respiration, and excretion.
• This system is driven by the beating of flagella in specialized cells called choanocytes.
• Reproductive Strategies:
• Sponges reproduce both sexually (via gametes) and asexually (budding, fragmentation, or gemmules).
• They are hermaphroditic, meaning an individual can produce both eggs and sperm, although cross-fertilization is common.
• Ecological Importance:
• Sponges serve as habitat-forming species, providing shelter for various marine organisms.
• They play a crucial role in nutrient cycling by filtering large volumes of water and capturing microscopic particles.
• Evolutionary Significance:
• Sponges are considered basal metazoans, representing an evolutionary link between unicellular and multicellular life forms.
• They offer insights into the origin and evolution of multicellular animals due to their simple body structure and cellular organization.

The correct answer is Badminton.

Key Points

• The 'Short Service Line' is an essential marking on the badminton court, located 1.98 m (6.5 ft) from the net.
• In badminton, the serve must cross the short service line to be considered valid during play.
• The short service line is part of the court's design, ensuring fair play and regulating the serving area.
• Badminton is governed by the Badminton World Federation (BWF), which specifies the court dimensions, including the placement of the short service line.
• Correct positioning and serving techniques in relation to the short service line are crucial for a competitive game.

Additional Information

• Badminton Court Dimensions:
• The full length of the badminton court is 13.4 m (44 ft), and the width is 6.1 m (20 ft) for doubles and 5.18 m (17 ft) for singles.
• The net is placed at a height of 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) at the edges and 1.524 m (5 ft) at the center.
• Serving Rules in Badminton:
• The serve must be delivered below the waist height and with the racket shaft pointing downward.
• The server must stand within the service area and ensure the shuttle crosses the short service line for a valid serve.
• Types of Service in Badminton:
• Common types include high serve, low serve, flick serve, and drive serve, each suited for different strategies.
• The choice of serve depends on the player's position and the opponent's weaknesses.
• Badminton World Federation (BWF):
• Established in 1934, BWF is the international governing body for the sport of badminton.
• It oversees major tournaments like the World Championships and the Thomas and Uber Cups.

The correct answer is Service.

Key Points

• The service sector is the largest contributor to GDP in most developed economies, including India, accounting for over 50% of the GDP at higher levels of development.
• This sector encompasses industries such as banking, finance, education, healthcare, information technology (IT), and tourism, among others.
• India's service sector has shown exponential growth over the years due to urbanization, technological advancements, and globalization.
• In advanced economies, the shift from manufacturing and agriculture to services is termed as economic structural transformation.
• As of recent data, India's service sector accounts for approximately 54% of its GDP, showcasing its dominant role in economic development.

Additional Information

• Economic Structural Transformation: It refers to the shift in economic activity from primary sectors like agriculture to secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary (services) sectors as economies develop.
• Agriculture Sector Contribution: In developing economies, agriculture usually plays a significant role in GDP, but its share declines as economies mature and shift focus to services and industry.
• Industry Sector Contribution: The industrial sector typically peaks during the mid-development phase before the service sector dominates in advanced stages.
• Global Service Economy Trends: Countries like the USA, UK, and Germany have service sectors contributing over 70% of their GDP, driven by advancements in technology and digitalization.
• India's IT Sector: The IT and software services industry is a key driver of India's service sector, contributing significantly to exports and employment generation.

The correct answer is Mesolithic.

Key Points

• The Mesolithic period, also known as the Middle Stone Age, spanned roughly from 12,000 to 10,000 years ago.
• This period marks the transition between the Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age) and Neolithic (New Stone Age) periods.
• It was characterized by significant environmental changes due to the end of the last Ice Age, leading to a warmer climate.
• Humans in the Mesolithic period began using more sophisticated tools, known as microliths, which were small, sharp stone tools.
• During this time, people adopted a semi-nomadic lifestyle, combining hunting, fishing, and gathering with early forms of agriculture.

Additional Information

• Palaeolithic Period:
• The Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age) lasted from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 BCE.
• Humans were hunter-gatherers during this period and used rudimentary tools made of stone.
• Cave paintings and other forms of early art emerged during the late Palaeolithic.
• Microliths:
• Microliths were small, geometrically shaped stone tools used during the Mesolithic period.
• These tools were often attached to wooden or bone handles to create arrows, spears, and other composite tools.
• Neolithic Period:
• The Neolithic period (New Stone Age) followed the Mesolithic, beginning around 10,000 BCE.
• It was marked by the advent of agriculture, domestication of animals, and permanent settlements.
• Humans began using polished stone tools and developed pottery and weaving techniques.
• Environmental Changes:
• The end of the Ice Age led to warmer climates, rising sea levels, and the formation of new ecosystems.
• These changes influenced the availability of plants and animals, prompting humans to adapt their subsistence strategies.

The correct answer is Lucknow Gharana.

Key Points

• Pandit Ishwari Prasad is traditionally regarded as the originator of the Lucknow Gharana of Kathak.
• According to legend, he received divine inspiration from Lord Krishna in a dream, which guided him to develop Kathak as a devotional art form.
• He lived during the 18^th century, a time when Kathak was transitioning from temple rituals to court performances.
• His descendants continued the tradition, and the Lucknow Gharana became known for its graceful movements, expressive abhinaya (facial expressions), and refined gestures.
• The Lucknow Gharana, through Ishwari Prasad’s lineage, greatly influenced the aesthetic and emotional aspects of Kathak, distinguishing it from other gharanas like Jaipur and Banaras.

Additional Information

• Kathak:
• Kathak is one of the eight classical dance forms of India, known for its storytelling approach.
• The term "Kathak" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Katha," which means story.
• It originated in North India and evolved from temple dances and later incorporated Mughal influences.
• Banaras Gharana:
• Banaras Gharana is deeply rooted in the devotional aspect of Kathak and emphasizes expressions and spirituality.
• Its compositions often include devotional themes centered around Lord Krishna and other Hindu deities.
• Other Kathak Gharanas:
• Lucknow Gharana: Known for its emphasis on elegance, grace, and emotive storytelling.
• Jaipur Gharana: Famous for its vigorous footwork and complex rhythmic patterns.
• Bol:
• Bol refers to syllables that represent rhythmic patterns in Indian classical dance and music.
• Natwari Bol is a unique feature of Banaras Gharana, focusing on rhythmic expressions associated with Lord Krishna's dance.

The correct answer is 1^st October 2020.

Key Points

• The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY) was launched on 1^st October 2020 to boost employment in the formal sector.
• It aimed to incentivize employers for the creation of new employment opportunities by reducing the financial burden of EPF contributions.
• The scheme was part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat package announced by the Government of India to revive the economy post-COVID-19.
• Under ABRY, the government bears both the employee's and employer's share of EPF contributions (24% of wages) for two years for new employees in establishments with up to 1,000 employees.
• For establishments with more than 1,000 employees, the government pays only the employee's EPF contribution (12%) for two years.

Additional Information

• EPF (Employees' Provident Fund)
• A retirement benefits scheme regulated by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO).
• It requires both employers and employees to contribute 12% of the employee's basic salary and dearness allowance.
• Funds accumulated in EPF accounts can be withdrawn upon retirement or under special circumstances.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan
• A comprehensive economic package announced by the Government of India in May 2020 to combat the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• It focused on making India self-reliant by strengthening local manufacturing, supply chains, and infrastructure.
• Key pillars include economy, infrastructure, technology-driven systems, demography, and demand.
• Impact of ABRY
• ABRY has contributed to the formalization of jobs and provided social security benefits to workers.
• It has promoted the registration of new employees under EPFO, ensuring long-term savings for workers.
• The scheme played a crucial role in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the economic slowdown caused by COVID-19.
• Eligibility for ABRY
• New employees earning wages less than Rs. 15,000 per month were eligible under the scheme.
• Existing EPF members who had lost their jobs during the pandemic and were re-employed were also eligible.

The correct answer is Implement contractionary fiscal policies.

Key Points

• Contractionary fiscal policies involve reducing government spending or increasing taxes to curb excessive demand in the economy.
• These policies aim to slow down inflationary pressures in an overheated economy by reducing aggregate demand.
• Increased taxes reduce disposable income, discouraging consumer spending and cooling down demand-driven inflation.
• Lower government spending reduces the injection of money into the economy, thereby controlling inflation and stabilizing the economic cycle.
• Such measures help achieve a sustainable growth rate while maintaining price stability and avoiding economic disruptions.

Additional Information

• Keynesian Economics:
• Developed by economist John Maynard Keynes, this framework emphasizes the role of aggregate demand in driving economic output.
• It advocates government intervention in managing economic cycles to mitigate recessions and overheating.
• Overheated Economy:
• An economic condition characterized by high inflation, excessive demand, and unsustainable growth rates.
• Indicators include rising prices, labor shortages, and pressure on production capacities.
• Inflation Control Measures:
• Besides fiscal policy, monetary tools like increasing interest rates are used to combat inflation.
• Central banks play a critical role in implementing monetary policies to complement fiscal efforts.
• Aggregate Demand:
• The total demand for goods and services in an economy at a given time and price level.
• It is influenced by factors such as consumer spending, investment, government spending, and net exports.

The correct answer is Yaari Hai Imaan Mera Yaar Meri Zindagi.

Key Points

• Yaari Hai Imaan Mera Yaar Meri Zindagi is a popular song from the movie Zanjeer (1973), sung by the legendary playback singer Manna Dey.
• Kishore Kumar was not the singer of this song; it was beautifully rendered by Manna Dey, known for his classical touch.
• The song was composed by the famous music director duo Kalyanji-Anandji and written by lyricist Gulshan Bawra.
• Kishore Kumar, though widely celebrated for his versatility, did not sing this particular track, which was more suited to Manna Dey's vocal style.

Additional Information

• Kishore Kumar
• Kishore Kumar was one of India's most iconic playback singers, famous for his versatility in singing romantic, melancholic, and upbeat songs.
• He lent his voice to numerous evergreen tracks including Gaata Rahe Mera Dil, Kora Kagaz Tha Yeh Man Mera, and Dekha Ek Khwaab.
• Kishore Kumar was also a renowned actor, composer, lyricist, and filmmaker in Indian cinema.
• Manna Dey
• Manna Dey was a legendary playback singer known for his classical expertise and versatility across genres.
• He sang iconic songs like Yaari Hai Imaan Mera Yaar Meri Zindagi, Ae Mere Zohra Jabeen, and Laga Chunari Mein Daag.
• He received numerous accolades, including the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan for his contributions to Indian music.
• Music of Zanjeer
• The movie Zanjeer, released in 1973, marked a turning point in Indian cinema and introduced the "angry young man" persona of Amitabh Bachchan.
• The soundtrack was composed by Kalyanji-Anandji, who were known for delivering memorable melodies.
• Lyrics were penned by Gulshan Bawra, contributing to the timeless appeal of the movie's songs.

The correct answer is 2022.

Key Points

• Narayanan EP, a practitioner of the traditional Kerala ritual art form Theyyam, was awarded the Padma Shri in 2022.
• The Padma Shri is India's fourth-highest civilian award and is conferred upon individuals for their distinguished contributions in various fields.
• Theyyam is a ritualistic dance and art form performed in the northern districts of Kerala, particularly Kannur and Kasaragod.
• Narayanan EP was recognized for his exceptional dedication to preserving and promoting Theyyam, which blends dance, music, and symbolic expressions of divinity.
• The Padma Awards, including Padma Shri, are announced annually on the eve of Republic Day and serve to acknowledge contributions in fields such as art, literature, social work, and more.

Additional Information

• Theyyam
• Theyyam is a centuries-old ritualistic and theatrical art form that is deeply rooted in the culture of northern Kerala.
• It is believed to represent divine manifestations and is performed in temples and sacred groves.
• Performers wear elaborate costumes, face paint, and headdresses, creating a striking visual spectacle.
• The dance involves storytelling, invoking gods, and seeking blessings, reflecting the region's folklore and traditions.
• Padma Awards
• The Padma Awards consist of three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
• These awards are given by the Government of India to individuals for excellence in various fields such as art, literature, science, and public service.
• The selection process involves recommendations from the public and scrutiny by the Padma Awards Committee.
• The awards are presented by the President of India at a ceremonial function held in Rashtrapati Bhavan.
• Kerala's Cultural Heritage
• Kerala is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, with art forms like Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, and Theyyam.
• It is often called "God's Own Country" due to its lush landscapes and spiritual traditions.
• Traditional festivals such as Onam and Vishu showcase Kerala's vibrant cultural practices.
• The state has a strong focus on preserving its indigenous art forms through various cultural initiatives.
• Importance of Ritualistic Art
• Ritualistic art like Theyyam serves as a medium to connect communities with their spiritual and cultural roots.
• It often conveys moral stories, religious values, and social messages.
• Such art forms are instrumental in preserving oral traditions and folk narratives.
• They play a crucial role in fostering cultural identity and continuity across generations.

The correct answer is Edwin Aldrin.

Key Points

• On 20 July 1969, Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin became the first humans to land on the Moon during NASA's Apollo 11 mission.
• Neil Armstrong was the first to step onto the lunar surface, followed by Edwin Aldrin. Armstrong famously said, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."
• The Lunar Module (LM), named "Eagle," was used to land on the Moon's surface, while the Command Module "Columbia" remained in lunar orbit.
• Michael Collins, the third astronaut on the Apollo 11 mission, piloted the Command Module and did not descend to the Moon.
• The Apollo 11 mission marked a significant milestone in human history and established the United States' dominance in the Space Race against the Soviet Union.

Additional Information

• Apollo Program:
• The Apollo program was initiated by NASA in the 1960s to land humans on the Moon and safely return them to Earth.
• Apollo 11 was the first successful lunar landing mission, followed by six more lunar missions.
• The program contributed significantly to advancing space exploration and related technologies.
• Lunar Module (LM):
• The LM was a spacecraft specifically designed for landing on the Moon and returning to lunar orbit.
• It consisted of two stages: the descent stage for landing and the ascent stage for returning to orbit.
• Space Race:
• The Space Race was a Cold War-era competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for dominance in space exploration.
• The Soviet Union achieved the first human spaceflight with Yuri Gagarin in 1961, while the U.S. achieved the first lunar landing in 1969.
• Moon Facts:
• The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and is about 384,400 km away from Earth.
• Its surface is covered with craters, mountains, and plains formed by ancient volcanic activity and meteorite impacts.

The correct answer is Ladakh.

Key Points

• Brig. (Dr.) BD Mishra (Retd.) was appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh in February 2023.
• The Lieutenant Governor (LG) is the administrative head of the Union Territory (UT) and represents the President of India in the region.
• BD Mishra succeeded Radha Krishna Mathur as the LG of Ladakh, becoming the second person to hold the position since Ladakh became a Union Territory in October 2019.
• Prior to this role, BD Mishra served as the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh.
• The appointment of BD Mishra as LG is significant in the context of Ladakh's strategic importance and developmental priorities.

Additional Information

• Union Territory of Ladakh:
• Ladakh became a Union Territory on 31 October 2019, following the bifurcation of Jammu & Kashmir under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019.
• It consists of two districts: Leh and Kargil.
• The UT does not have a legislative assembly and is directly governed by the Lieutenant Governor and the central government.
• Role of Lieutenant Governor:
• The Lieutenant Governor acts as the representative of the President of India in Union Territories without a legislature.
• The LG has administrative, executive, and ceremonial responsibilities, particularly in regions with unique governance structures like Ladakh.
• Strategic Importance of Ladakh:
• Ladakh shares borders with China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan).
• It holds significant importance in terms of national security and geopolitics, particularly due to the ongoing India-China border disputes.
• Developmental Challenges in Ladakh:
• Ladakh faces unique challenges such as harsh climatic conditions, limited infrastructure, and ecological sensitivity.
• The Indian government has been focusing on improving connectivity, tourism, and sustainable development in the region.

The correct answer is Distribution of goods.

Key Points

• Commerce primarily refers to the activities involved in the exchange and distribution of goods and services.
• It is a major branch of business that focuses on the movement of goods from producers to consumers via trade, transport, and related services.
• Commerce includes all processes that facilitate transactions such as sales, marketing, logistics, and financial systems.
• The ultimate goal of commerce is to ensure that goods and services are available to consumers at the right time and place.
• It acts as a bridge between production and consumption, ensuring smooth economic activities in society.

Additional Information

• Trade
• Trade is a subset of commerce and involves the buying and selling of goods and services.
• It can be conducted at various levels, such as local, national, and international trade.
• Trade plays a critical role in commerce by enabling the flow of goods across regions and countries.
• Logistics
• Logistics refers to the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient transportation and storage of goods.
• It ensures the timely delivery of products to consumers and businesses.
• Modern logistics heavily relies on technology such as tracking systems and automated warehouses.
• Supply Chain
• The supply chain encompasses the entire network involved in producing and delivering a product or service.
• It includes suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and end consumers.
• Effective supply chain management is essential for optimizing costs and ensuring efficiency in commerce.
• Economic Impact of Commerce
• Commerce contributes significantly to a nation's GDP by facilitating trade and economic activities.
• It creates job opportunities in sectors such as transportation, retail, finance, and marketing.
• Commerce also helps in the globalization of businesses, connecting markets across the world.

The correct answer is 1933.

Key Points

• The British government published the White Paper in 1933 based on the recommendations of the Third Round Table Conference.
• The White Paper served as the basis for the Government of India Act, 1935, which aimed to introduce provincial autonomy and reforms in British India's governance system.
• The Third Round Table Conference was held in London from November 1932 to December 1932, focusing on constitutional reforms for India.
• Unlike the previous conferences, the Third Round Table Conference saw limited participation from Indian political leaders and focused heavily on British perspectives.
• The White Paper outlined proposals for reforms, but it faced criticism from Indian leaders who viewed it as inadequate and biased toward British interests.

Additional Information

• Round Table Conferences
• Three Round Table Conferences were held between 1930 and 1932 to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
• The First Round Table Conference (1930) saw participation from British officials, Indian princes, and other representatives, but no Congress leaders attended.
• The Second Round Table Conference (1931) included Mahatma Gandhi as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.
• The Third Round Table Conference (1932) had fewer Indian representatives and was largely dominated by British officials.
• Government of India Act, 1935
• It was based on the recommendations of the White Paper published in 1933.
• The act introduced provincial autonomy and a federal structure for governance.
• It marked a significant step toward self-governance but was criticized for retaining excessive power in British hands.
• Impact of the White Paper
• The White Paper was criticized for failing to address India's demand for complete independence.
• It led to further alienation of Indian political leaders, particularly the Indian National Congress.
• It served as a precursor to the Government of India Act, 1935, which became the framework for British India's governance until independence.
• Key Figures in the Round Table Conferences
• British Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald and Stanley Baldwin played pivotal roles in hosting and moderating the conferences.
• Indian representatives included leaders from various communities, such as B.R. Ambedkar, Tej Bahadur Sapru, and Sir Muhammad Iqbal.
• Mahatma Gandhi's participation in the Second Round Table Conference was a notable event, focusing on India's demand for independence.

Shortcut Trick

Cost of 100 chickooes = ₹1250 ⇒ Cost Price (CP) of 400 chickooes = ₹5000

Total Selling Price (SP) of 400 chickooes = CP + Profit = 5000 + 800 = ₹5800

Selling Price of 1 dozen = (5800 ÷ 400) × 12 = 14.5 × 12 = ₹174

∴ The correct answer is ₹174.

Alternate Method

Given:

Quantity bought = 400 chickooes

Cost Price per hundred = ₹1250

Total Profit = ₹800

Formula Used:

Total Selling Price (SP) = Total Cost Price (CP) + Profit

Selling Price per dozen = (Total SP ÷ Total Quantity) × 12

CP = ₹5000

Profit = ₹800

SP = CP + Profit = ₹5800

Profit & Loss for 400 Chickooes

SP per dozen = (5800 ÷ 400) × 12 = ₹174

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP for 400 chickooes = 4 × 1250 = ₹5000

⇒ Total SP for 400 chickooes = 5000 + 800 = ₹5800

⇒ Selling Price of 1 chickoo = 5800 ÷ 400 = ₹14.5

⇒ Selling Price of 1 dozen (12 chickooes) = 14.5 × 12 = ₹174

∴ The correct answer is ₹174.

Additional Information

Profit & Loss Percentage

Profit or loss percentage is always calculated on the Cost Price (CP). Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always applied on the Marked Price (MP). The Selling Price is obtained as SP = MP − Discount.

Unitary Method

When items are priced in bulk, find the price of a single unit (Total Price ÷ Total Quantity) before calculating the price of the desired subset (like a dozen).

Shortcut Trick

When expenditure is constant, consumption ratio is the inverse of the price ratio.

Price Ratio = 90 : 110 = 9 : 11 ⇒ Consumption Ratio = 11 : 9

Decrease in consumption = 11 − 9 = 2 units.

Percentage decrease = (2 ÷ 11) × 100 ≈ 18.18%

∴ The correct answer is 18.18%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Original Price = ₹90/l

New Price = ₹110/l

Formula Used:

% Decrease = [ (New Price − Old Price) ÷ New Price ] × 100

Expenditure Constant: Base Change Concept

₹90 ₹110 Old Price New Price

Price Increase = +₹20

Consumption Decrease = -20 units New Base for % Calculation = 110

Calculations:

⇒ Let original consumption = C₁ and new consumption = C₂

⇒ Constant Expenditure = Price × Consumption

⇒ 90 × C₁ = 110 × C₂

⇒ C₂ / C₁ = 90 / 110 = 9 / 11

⇒ Consumption decrease = 11 − 9 = 2 units

⇒ % Decrease = (2 ÷ 11) × 100

⇒ % Decrease = 200 ÷ 11 = 18.1818...%

⇒ Approximate value = 18.18%

∴ The correct answer is 18.18%.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

Percentage change is calculated on the original base value: % Change = (Final − Initial) ÷ Initial × 100.

Product Constancy Rule

If A × B = Constant, then if A increases by a fraction x/y, B must decrease by x/(x+y) to keep the product unchanged.

Successive Percentage Change

If a value is changed by a% and then by b%, the net percentage change is given by the formula: (a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100)%.

Shortcut Trick

Effective discount for Scheme A = 25 + 32 − (25 × 32) ÷ 100 = 57 − 8 = 49%.

Discount % for 'Buy X Get Y Free' = [Free Items ÷ Total Items] × 100.

Scheme B (Buy 8 get 2 free) = (2 ÷ 10) × 100 = 20%.

Scheme C (Buy 8 and get 10) means paying for 8 items and receiving 10 items, effectively getting 2 free.

So, Scheme C Discount = (2 ÷ 10) × 100 = 20%.

The minimum discount percentage is 20%, offered by both Scheme B and Scheme C.

∴ The correct answer is Both B and C.

Alternate Method

Given:

Scheme A: Two successive discounts of 25% and 32%.

Scheme B: Buy 8 get 2 free.

Scheme C: Buy 8 and get 10.

Formulas Used:

Successive discount = x + y − (x × y) ÷ 100

Discount % = (Free articles ÷ Total articles) × 100%

Scheme B & C : Buy 8, Get 2 Free

Paid = 8 items Free = 2 items

Total = 10 items

Discount % = (2 ÷ 10) × 100 = 20%

Calculations:

⇒ For Scheme A:

⇒ Effective Discount = 25 + 32 − (25 × 32) ÷ 100

⇒ Effective Discount = 57 − 800 ÷ 100

⇒ Effective Discount = 57 − 8 = 49%

⇒ For Scheme B:

⇒ Free items = 2, Total items received = 8 + 2 = 10

⇒ Discount = (2 ÷ 10) × 100% = 20%

⇒ For Scheme C:

⇒ Paid for 8 items, but got a total of 10 items. So, free items = 10 − 8 = 2

⇒ Discount = (2 ÷ 10) × 100% = 20%

⇒ Comparing all the schemes (49%, 20%, 20%), the 20% minimum discount is given by Scheme B and Scheme C.

∴ The correct answer is Both B and C.

Additional Information

Successive Discount

When two discounts of x% and y% are applied sequentially, the equivalent single discount percentage is given by [x + y − (x × y) ÷ 100]%.

Buy X Get Y Free

In these schemes, the discount percentage is strictly calculated based on the total items taken out of the shop. Discount % = [Y ÷ (X + Y)] × 100%.

Marked Price vs Cost Price

Discount is always evaluated on the overall Marked Price (MP). In 'Buy X Get Y Free' scenarios, the total Marked Price is the cumulative sum of all items in the basket, while the Selling Price (SP) matches the MP of only the items explicitly paid for.

Shortcut Trick

Difference in Principal = ₹9400 − ₹5400 = ₹4000

Difference in Simple Interest for 6 years = ₹480

Interest difference for 1 year = 480 ÷ 6 = ₹80

Rate of interest (R) = (80 ÷ 4000) × 100 = 2%

∴ The correct answer is 2%.

Alternate Method

Mohan P = ₹5400 Time = 6 yrs

Varun P = ₹9400 Time = 6 yrs

SI Difference = ₹480

Given:

Mohan's investment (P₁) = ₹5400

Varun's investment (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 6 years

Let the rate of interest be R% per annum.

Difference in simple interest = ₹480

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ SI of Varun − SI of Mohan = 480

⇒ [(9400 × R × 6) ÷ 100] − [(5400 × R × 6) ÷ 100] = 480

⇒ [(9400 − 5400) × R × 6] ÷ 100 = 480

⇒ [4000 × R × 6] ÷ 100 = 480

⇒ 40 × 6 × R = 480

⇒ 240 × R = 480

⇒ R = 480 ÷ 240

⇒ R = 2%

∴ The correct answer is 2%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI) Formula

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is Principal, R is Rate of Interest, and T is Time period.

Difference in Simple Interest

When the rate (R) and time (T) are the same, the difference in simple interest depends entirely on the difference in the principals: ΔSI = (ΔP × R × T) ÷ 100.

Amount Formula

Total Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100].

Given:

Expression: 16 + 12 ÷ 3 - 2 × 4

Formula Used:

Follow the BODMAS rule (Bracket, Order, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction).

Calculation:

16 + 12 ÷ 3 - 2 × 4

⇒ 16 + 4 - 8

⇒ 16 - 4

⇒ 12

The correct answer is 12.

Shortcut Trick

Cost Price (CP) is always considered as the base value of 100%.

To gain a 30% profit, the Selling Price (SP) must be 100% + 30% = 130% of CP.

SP = 130% of 500

SP = (130 ÷ 100) × 500 = 650

∴ The correct answer is ₹650.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) of the article = ₹500

Desired Profit = 30%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × [(100 + Profit%) ÷ 100]

CP = ₹500 100%

• 30% Profit

SP = ? 130%

SP = CP + Profit = 130% of CP

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 500 × [(100 + 30) ÷ 100]

⇒ SP = 500 × (130 ÷ 100)

⇒ SP = 5 × 130

⇒ SP = 650

∴ The correct answer is ₹650.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

A profit is made when the Selling Price is greater than the Cost Price. The basic formula is Profit = SP − CP.

Profit Percentage

Profit % is calculated on the Cost Price as the base. Formula: Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Marked Price and Discount

Discounts are always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). Formula: Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount.

Shortcut Trick

Check the options using divisibility rules for the given numbers (11, 6, 55, 9).

For a number to be divisible by 55, it must end in 0 or 5. Options 921 and 1032 are instantly eliminated.

For a number to be divisible by 9, the sum of its digits must be a multiple of 9.

The sum of digits of 990 is 18 (divisible by 9), while for 1054 it is 10 (not divisible by 9).

Thus, 990 is the only option that satisfies all divisibility conditions.

∴ The correct answer is 990.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 11, 6, 55, and 9.

Formula Used:

The smallest number completely divisible by a given set of numbers is their Least Common Multiple (LCM).

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 11 = 11

⇒ Prime factorization of 6 = 2 × 3

⇒ Prime factorization of 55 = 5 × 11

⇒ Prime factorization of 9 = 3 × 3 = 3²

⇒ LCM = Product of the highest powers of all involved prime factors

⇒ LCM = 2¹ × 3² × 5¹ × 11¹

⇒ LCM = 2 × 9 × 5 × 11

⇒ LCM = 10 × 99

⇒ LCM = 990

∴ The correct answer is 990.

Additional Information

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest positive integer that is perfectly divisible by each of the given numbers. It is found by taking the product of the highest powers of all prime factors present in the numbers.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest positive integer that divides each of the integers without leaving a remainder. It is found by taking the product of the lowest powers of only the common prime factors.

Divisibility Rule of 11

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of its digits at odd places and the sum of its digits at even places is either 0 or a multiple of 11.

Divisibility Rule of 9

A number is perfectly divisible by 9 if the sum of all its digits results in a value that is a multiple of 9.

Shortcut Trick

When equal distances are covered at two different speeds x and y, the Average Speed = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Here, the going speed x = 3 km/hr and returning speed y = 15 km/hr.

Average Speed = (2 × 3 × 15) ÷ (3 + 15)

Average Speed = 90 ÷ 18 = 5 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 5 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed from Surat to Jaipur (v₁) = 3 km/hr

Speed from Jaipur to Surat (v₂) = 15 km/hr

Let the one-way distance between Surat and Jaipur be D km.

Surat

Jaipur

Distance = D

Speed = 3 km/hr

Speed = 15 km/hr

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = D (Surat to Jaipur) + D (Jaipur to Surat) = 2D

⇒ Time taken to reach Jaipur (t₁) = D ÷ 3

⇒ Time taken to return to Surat (t₂) = D ÷ 15

⇒ Total Time = (D ÷ 3) + (D ÷ 15)

⇒ Taking LCM of 3 and 15, Total Time = (5D + D) ÷ 15

⇒ Total Time = 6D ÷ 15 = 2D ÷ 5

⇒ Average Speed = 2D ÷ (2D ÷ 5)

⇒ Average Speed = (2D × 5) ÷ 2D = 5 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 5 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Different Distances

When unequal distances d₁, d₂, d₃ are covered at variable speeds, the core formula remains: Average Speed = (d₁ + d₂ + d₃) ÷ (t₁ + t₂ + t₃).

Average Speed for 3 Equal Distances

If three equal distances are covered sequentially at speeds x, y and z, Average Speed = (3 × x × y × z) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Relative Speed

If two bodies move in the same direction, Relative Speed = |x − y|. If they move towards each other in opposite directions, Relative Speed = x + y.

Shortcut Trick

The volume of a sphere can be calculated directly using the formula V = 4/3 × π × r³.

Substitute r = 3√2 cm into the formula.

Volume = 4/3 × π × (3√2)³

Volume = 4/3 × π × 54√2 = 72√2π cm³

∴ The correct answer is 72√2π cm³.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of the sphere (r) = 3√2 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of a sphere = 4/3 × π × r³

r = 3√2 cm

Calculations:

⇒ Volume = 4/3 × π × (3√2)³

⇒ Volume = 4/3 × π × (3³ × (√2)³)

⇒ Volume = 4/3 × π × (27 × 2√2)

⇒ Volume = 4/3 × π × 54√2

⇒ Volume = 4 × 18√2 × π

⇒ Volume = 72√2π cm³

∴ The correct answer is 72√2π cm³.

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of a Sphere

The total surface area of a sphere is given by the formula 4 × π × r², where r is the radius.

Volume of a Hemisphere

A hemisphere is half of a sphere. Its volume is given by 2/3 × π × r³.

Surface Area of a Hemisphere

The curved surface area of a hemisphere is 2 × π × r², and its total surface area is 3 × π × r².

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(28, 35) = 140 units.

Efficiency: P = 5, Q = 4. Combined work in 2 days (1 cycle) = 9 units.

15 full cycles (30 days) work = 15 × 9 = 135 units.

Remaining 5 units will be done by P on the 31^st day in exactly 1 day.

Total time = 30 + 1 = 31 days.

∴ The correct answer is 31 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by P to complete the work = 28 days

Time taken by Q to complete the work = 35 days

P begins the work, and they work on alternate days.

Concept Used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time

Total Work = LCM of given days

Calculations:

⇒ Work done in 1^st day by P = 5 units

⇒ Work done in 2^nd day by Q = 4 units

⇒ Total work done in 2 days = 5 + 4 = 9 units

⇒ Number of such complete 2-day cycles possible for 140 units = 140 ÷ 9 = 15 cycles

⇒ Work done in 15 cycles (15 × 2 = 30 days) = 15 × 9 = 135 units

⇒ Remaining work = 140 − 135 = 5 units

⇒ On the 31^st day, it is P's turn again. P can do 5 units of work per day.

⇒ Time taken by P to complete the remaining 5 units = 5 ÷ 5 = 1 day

⇒ Total time taken to complete the whole work = 30 + 1 = 31 days

∴ The correct answer is 31 days.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Work Concept

When workers operate on alternate days, their combined work over the full cycle (e.g., 2 days for 2 workers) is calculated first. Always evaluate the remainder carefully to check whose turn it is next to finish the remaining fractional work.

Pipes & Cisterns Analogy

Similar to alternate work, pipes functioning on alternate hours use the exact same LCM table format. If an outlet pipe is involved, its efficiency is strictly taken as negative while calculating the cycle capacity.

Work & Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of the actual total work done by each person. If workers work together for the exact same number of days, their wages can be directly distributed in the ratio of their efficiencies.

Shortcut Trick

Power varies directly with the square of the voltage: P ∝ V²

Since the voltage is doubled (from 120 V to 240 V), the power consumed will be multiplied by 2² = 4.

New Power = 150 × 4 = 600 watts.

∴ The correct answer is 600 watts.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Power (P₁) = 150 W

Initial Voltage (V₁) = 120 V

Final Voltage (V₂) = 240 V

Formula Used:

P ∝ V² ⇒ P₁ / V₁² = P₂ / V₂²

Initial State V1 = 120 V P1 = 150 W

Voltage × 2 Power × 22

Final State V2 = 240 V P2 = ?

P2 = 150 × 4 = 600 W

Calculations:

⇒ 150 / 120² = P₂ / 240²

⇒ P₂ = 150 × (240 / 120)²

⇒ P₂ = 150 × (2)²

⇒ P₂ = 150 × 4

⇒ P₂ = 600

∴ The correct answer is 600 watts.

Additional Information

Direct Variation

When two quantities vary directly, an increase in one causes a proportional increase in the other. Formula: A = kB

Inverse Variation

When two quantities vary inversely, an increase in one causes a proportional decrease in the other. Formula: A = k / B

Joint Variation

When a quantity varies directly as the product of two or more other quantities. Formula: A = kBC

Given:

Expression to evaluate: (-9) - (-60) ÷ (-15) + (-4) × 8

Formula Used:

Follow BODMAS (Brackets, Orders, Division/Multiplication, Addition/Subtraction).

Calculation:

(-9) - (-60) ÷ (-15) + (-4) × 8

⇒ (-9) - (4) + (-32)

⇒ (-9) - 4 - 32

⇒ -13 - 32

⇒ -45

The correct answer is -45.

Shortcut Trick

Using the given options to satisfy the time equation is the fastest method.

Total Time = Distance Downstream ÷ (u + 6) + Distance Upstream ÷ (u − 6) = 7

Checking Option 2 (15 km/h):

Time = 56 ÷ (15 + 6) + 39 ÷ (15 − 6) = 56 ÷ 21 + 39 ÷ 9

⇒ Time = 8/3 + 13/3 = 21/3 = 7 hours (Matches the given time).

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Alternate Method

Downstream: 56 km | Speed = (u + 6) km/h

Upstream: 39 km | Speed = (u − 6) km/h

Total Time = 7 hours

Given:

Speed of stream (v) = 6 km/h

Total time taken (T) = 7 hours

Distance downstream = 56 km

Distance upstream = 39 km

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculation:

Let the speed of the boat in still water be u km/h.

Speed downstream = (u + 6) km/h

Speed upstream = (u − 6) km/h

⇒ 56 / (u + 6) + 39 / (u − 6) = 7

⇒ 56(u − 6) + 39(u + 6) = 7(u + 6)(u − 6)

⇒ 56u − 336 + 39u + 234 = 7(u² − 36)

⇒ 95u − 102 = 7u² − 252

⇒ 7u² − 95u − 150 = 0

Factorizing the quadratic equation:

⇒ 7u² − 105u + 10u − 150 = 0

⇒ 7u(u − 15) + 10(u − 15) = 0

⇒ (7u + 10)(u − 15) = 0

⇒ u = 15 or u = −10/7

Since speed cannot be negative, u = 15 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Additional Information

Downstream Speed

When a boat travels in the direction of the stream, the effective speed is the sum of the boat's speed in still water and the stream's speed (u + v).

Upstream Speed

When a boat travels against the direction of the stream, the effective speed is the difference between the boat's speed in still water and the stream's speed (u − v).

Speed of Boat in Still Water

If downstream speed (D) and upstream speed (U) are given, then Speed of Boat = (D + U) ÷ 2.

Speed of Stream

If downstream speed (D) and upstream speed (U) are given, then Speed of Stream = (D − U) ÷ 2.

Shortcut Trick

In a continued proportion, consecutive terms are multiplied by a constant ratio.

Common ratio = Second term ÷ First term = 6 ÷ 3 = 2

Fourth term b = Third term × common ratio

⇒ b = 12 × 2 = 24

∴ The correct answer is 24.

Alternate Method

Given:

Four numbers 3, 6, 12, and b are in continued proportion.

Concept Used:

For terms a, b, c, d in continued proportion, the ratio between consecutive terms is equal: a / b = b / c = c / d

3

× 2

6

× 2

12

× 2

b = 24

Continued Proportion Ratio = 2

Calculation:

⇒ 3 / 6 = 6 / 12 = 12 / b

⇒ 1 / 2 = 1 / 2 = 12 / b

Equating the last terms and cross-multiplying:

⇒ 1 / 2 = 12 / b

⇒ b = 12 × 2

⇒ b = 24

∴ The correct answer is 24.

Additional Information

Continued Proportion

When quantities are in continued proportion, the ratio between consecutive terms remains exactly the same. i.e., a / b = b / c = c / d.

Mean Proportional

For two numbers a and b, their mean proportional x satisfies a / x = x / b, which directly gives x = √(a × b).

Third Proportional

If a and b are two numbers, the third proportional c satisfies a / b = b / c, which can be solved as c = b² ÷ a.

Given:

Expression to solve: [(14 ÷ 2) × {(14)/(7) + (40)/(3) × (7-4)}]

Formula Used:

Follow the BODMAS rule: Brackets → Orders → Division → Multiplication → Addition → Subtraction

Calculation:

\left[(14 \div 2) × \left{\frac{14}{7} + \frac{40}{3} × (7-4)\right}\right]

⇒ \left[(7) × \left{2+ \frac{40}{3} × 3\right}\right]

⇒ \left[(7) × \left{2+ 40\right}\right]

⇒ 7 × 42

⇒ 294

The value of the expression is 294.

Shortcut Trick

Direct formula for Principal (P) when 2-year Simple Interest (SI) and Compound Interest (CI) are given:

P = (SI ÷ 2)² ÷ (CI − SI)

Substitute the given values (SI = 40, CI = 56):

P = (40 ÷ 2)² ÷ (56 − 40)

P = (20)² ÷ 16 = 400 ÷ 16 = 25

∴ The correct answer is ₹25.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time (T) = 2 years, SI = ₹40, CI = ₹56

Formula Used:

SI for 1 year = Total SI ÷ 2

CI for 2 years = Total SI + Interest on 1^st year's SI

Principal (P)

1^st Yr SI = ₹20

2^nd Yr SI = ₹20

CI - SI = ₹16

Rate (R) Rate (R) Rate (R) on ₹20

Total SI = 20 + 20 = ₹40 | Total CI = 20 + 20 + 16 = ₹56

Calculation:

⇒ SI for 1^st year = 40 ÷ 2 = ₹20

⇒ Difference (CI − SI) = 56 − 40 = ₹16

⇒ This difference is simply the interest earned on the 1^st year's SI.

⇒ Rate of Interest (R) = (16 ÷ 20) × 100 = 80%

⇒ We know that, SI for 1 year = (P × R × 1) ÷ 100

⇒ 20 = (P × 80) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (20 × 100) ÷ 80

⇒ P = 2000 ÷ 80 = ₹25

∴ The correct answer is ₹25.

Additional Information

Difference Between CI and SI for 2 Years

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest for 2 years can be directly found using: D = P × (R ÷ 100)²

Difference Between CI and SI for 3 Years

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest for 3 years is given by: D = P × (R ÷ 100)² × (3 + R ÷ 100)

Ratio of CI and SI for 2 Years

For the same principal and rate of interest over 2 years, the ratio of CI to SI is expressed as: CI ÷ SI = 1 + (R ÷ 200)

Shortcut Trick

Males = 192,000 and Total Population = 384,000, so Females = 192,000, giving a Male to Female ratio of 1 : 1.

For groups with equal ratio, the overall percentage is the simple average of their individual percentages.

⇒ (Male Literacy % + Female Literacy %) ÷ 2 = Overall Literacy %

⇒ (53% + Female Literacy %) ÷ 2 = 69%

⇒ Female Literacy % = 138% − 53% = 85%

∴ The correct answer is 85%.

Alternate Method

Total Population: 384,000 (69% Literate)

Males 192,000

53% Literate

Females 192,000

? % Literate

Given:

Total population = 384,000

Number of males = 192,000

Overall literacy rate = 69%

Male literacy rate = 53%

Formula Used:

Number of females = Total population − Number of males

Percentage = (Part value ÷ Total value) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Number of females = 384,000 − 192,000 = 192,000

⇒ Total literate population = (69 ÷ 100) × 384,000 = 264,960

⇒ Total literate males = (53 ÷ 100) × 192,000 = 101,760

⇒ Total literate females = Total literate population − Total literate males

⇒ Total literate females = 264,960 − 101,760 = 163,200

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (163,200 ÷ 192,000) × 100

⇒ Percentage of literate females = 85%

∴ The correct answer is 85%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average in Percentages

If two groups have quantities N₁ and N₂ with percentages P₁ and P₂, the overall percentage is P = (N₁×P₁ + N₂×P₂) ÷ (N₁ + N₂).

Mixture and Alligation Trick

This problem can also be solved using the alligation ratio: Ratio of Males to Females = (Overall % − Female %) : (Male % − Overall %). Plugging in the values gives 1 : 1 = (69 − x) : (69 − 53), which mathematically simplifies to x = 85%.

Base Independence Rule

When dealing strictly with ratios and percentages in exam scenarios, absolute large numbers like 384,000 are often decoys. Realising the male to female ratio is simply 1:1 enables solving the problem directly using the average formula without computing actual absolute values.

Shortcut Trick

For equal amounts at Compound Interest, the ratio of shares P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Pravin's Share / Rishi's Share = (1 + 4/100)^{15 − 14} = 1.04 = 26/25.

Ratio of Pravin's share to Rishi's share = 26 : 25.

Rishi's Share = (25 / 51) × 1224 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount Nitin has = ₹1224

Rate of interest (R) = 4% compounded annually

Time for Pravin (n₁) = 14 years

Time for Rishi (n₂) = 15 years

Total = ₹1224

Pravin Share = P Time = 14 years

Rishi Share = R Time = 15 years

A1 = A2

Formula Used:

Amount in Compound Interest, A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Calculation:

⇒ Let Pravin's share be P and Rishi's share be R.

⇒ Amount received by Pravin = P × (1 + 4/100)¹⁴

⇒ Amount received by Rishi = R × (1 + 4/100)¹⁵

⇒ Since both amounts are equal:

⇒ P × (1 + 4/100)¹⁴ = R × (1 + 4/100)¹⁵

⇒ P = R × (1 + 4/100)¹

⇒ P = R × (1 + 1/25)

⇒ P/R = 26/25

⇒ Total ratio units = 26 + 25 = 51 units

⇒ 51 units = ₹1224

⇒ 1 unit = 1224 ÷ 51 = 24

⇒ Rishi's share (R) = 25 units = 25 × 24 = 600

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Additional Information

Ratio of Principals for Equal Amounts

When a sum is divided into two parts invested at the same compound interest rate for different time periods such that their amounts are equal, the ratio of the principal amounts is inversely proportional to their respective multiplying factors raised to their time periods.

Compound Interest Multiplying Factor

The multiplying factor for compound interest is (1 + R/100). The amount after n years is the principal multiplied by this factor raised to the power n.

Rule of 72

A quick mental math shortcut to estimate the number of years required to double your money at a given annual rate of return: Years ≈ 72 ÷ Rate.

Shortcut Trick

Total sum of Kiran, Mahesh and Ram = 46 × 3 = 138 kg

Total sum of Kiran and Mahesh = 40 × 2 = 80 kg

Total sum of Mahesh and Ram = 47 × 2 = 94 kg

Weight of Mahesh = (Sum of first two) + (Sum of last two) − (Total Sum)

⇒ 80 + 94 − 138 = 174 − 138 = 36 kg

∴ The correct answer is 36 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of Kiran, Mahesh and Ram = 46 kg

Average weight of Kiran and Mahesh = 40 kg

Average weight of Mahesh and Ram = 47 kg

Formula Used:

Total Value = Average × Number of Persons

Total Weight (K + M + R) = 138 kg

Kiran (K)

Mahesh (M)

Ram (R)

K + M = 80 kg

M + R = 94 kg

Calculations:

Let the weights of Kiran, Mahesh, and Ram be K, M, and R respectively.

⇒ Total weight of all three (K + M + R) = 46 × 3 = 138 kg

⇒ Total weight of Kiran and Mahesh (K + M) = 40 × 2 = 80 kg

⇒ Total weight of Mahesh and Ram (M + R) = 47 × 2 = 94 kg

Adding the sums of the two pairs:

⇒ (K + M) + (M + R) = 80 + 94

⇒ K + 2M + R = 174 kg

To find the weight of Mahesh (M), we subtract the total weight from this overlapping sum:

⇒ M = (K + 2M + R) − (K + M + R)

⇒ M = 174 − 138

⇒ M = 36 kg

∴ The correct answer is 36 kg.

Additional Information

Overlapping Averages

When averages of intersecting sub-groups are given, the common overlapping entity can easily be found by adding the totals of the sub-groups and subtracting the grand total of the entire group.

Inclusion of a New Member

If a new member joins a group and the overall average increases, the new member's value is greater than the previous average. The trick formula is: New Value = Old Average + (Change in Average × New Total Members).

Replacement Method

When an existing member is replaced by a new one, the difference in their values directly impacts the total sum. The shortcut formula is: Value of New Member = Value of Old Member + (Change in Average × Total Members).

Shortcut Trick

Average speed is the weighted average of individual speeds using time as the weight.

Average Speed = (S₁ × T₁ + S₂ × T₂) ÷ (T₁ + T₂)

⇒ Average Speed = (15 × 2 + 20 × 3) ÷ (2 + 3)

⇒ Average Speed = (30 + 60) ÷ 5 = 90 ÷ 5 = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed 1 (s₁) = 15 km/hr, Time 1 (t₁) = 2 hours

Speed 2 (s₂) = 20 km/hr, Time 2 (t₂) = 3 hours

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

30 km

60 km

Total Distance = 90 km

15 km/hr 2 hours

20 km/hr 3 hours

Average Speed = 90 ÷ 5 = 18 km/hr

Calculations:

⇒ Distance covered in first part = 15 × 2 = 30 km

⇒ Distance covered in second part = 20 × 3 = 60 km

⇒ Total Distance = 30 + 60 = 90 km

⇒ Total Time = 2 + 3 = 5 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 90 ÷ 5 = 18 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 18 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed (General Formula)

It is the ratio of total distance travelled to the total time taken for the entire journey. Formula: Total Distance ÷ Total Time.

Average Speed (Equal Distances)

When a person covers two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is directly given by the formula 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two bodies are moving in the same direction, Relative Speed = |x − y|. When they are moving in opposite directions, Relative Speed = x + y.

The correct answer is 'find'.

 

Key Points

• The word "find" means to discover or determine something.
• In the given sentence, the word "find" appropriately fits the context of discovering or calculating how old the trees are and how fast they are growing.
• The other options: "search," "look," and "bring" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: Many trees have growth rings that we can count and measure to find out how old they are and how fast they are growing.

Additional Information

• Search: means to look for something, often in a physical sense.
• Look: means to direct one's gaze toward something.
• Bring: means to take or carry something to a place.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• The word "spacious" means having ample space.
• The conference room is described as spacious, equipped with comfortable chairs, sleek tables, and advanced multimedia systems, creating a professional environment for meetings.
• The other options do not align properly with the blank placements in the sentence.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: The spacious conference room was equipped with comfortable chairs, sleek tables and advanced multimedia systems for presentations, creating a professional environment for meetings.

Additional Information

• Spacious: having ample space.
• Equipped: provided with necessary items for a particular purpose.
• Environment: the setting or conditions in which a particular activity is carried out.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. "Very common knowledge".

Key Points

• The idiom "ABC" (as mentioned in the example) means something that is very basic or widely known by almost everyone. It refers to information or concepts that are easy to understand and commonly known. (सामान्य ज्ञान)
• Example: "The importance of eating healthy food is ABC for maintaining good health."
• Option 2: "Very common knowledge" captures the meaning of the idiom perfectly as it denotes something universally or widely understood. (बहुत सामान्य ज्ञान)
• Example: "It is very common knowledge that regular exercise is essential for a healthy lifestyle."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Fair and honest (न्यायपूर्ण और ईमानदार): Refers to someone who acts justly and truthfully.
• Example: "He is known to be fair and honest in all his business dealings."
• Option 3: Complete failure (पूरी तरह से असफलता): Refers to something that fails entirely or is unsuccessful.
• Example: "The new policy was a complete failure as it did not achieve its goals."
• Option 4: To be ready (तैयार होना): Refers to being prepared for something.
• Example: "We need to be ready for any challenges that may come our way.

The correct answer is 'dissent'.

 

Key Points

• The word "dissent" means to disagree or withhold approval. (असहमति)
• The given sentence uses the word "consent" which means to agree or approve.
• The correct antonym of "consent" is "dissent" as it conveys the opposite meaning.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: There's no way he'd dissent to travel all the way from Boston.

Additional Information

• Decide (निर्णय लेना): means to make a choice or come to a conclusion.
• Authorise (अधिकार देना): means to give official permission or approval.
• Ratify (पुष्टि करना): means to confirm or approve formally.

The correct answer is: Option 2 (Dull).

Key Points

• The word "Invigorating" means something that energizes, refreshes, or makes someone feel full of life and vitality. (ऊर्जावान बनाने वाला)
• Example: A morning jog in the park can be very invigorating for the mind and body.
• The word "Dull" refers to something that lacks excitement, energy, or interest; it is the opposite of invigorating. (निरस)
• Example: The lecture was so dull that many students fell asleep halfway through.
• Hence, we can infer that the antonym of 'invigorating' is 'dull'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (Dull).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Evocative (भावनात्मक स्मृतियाँ जगाने वाला): Bringing strong images, memories, or feelings to mind.
• Example: The painting was highly evocative, reminding me of my childhood days.
• Suspicious (संदेहास्पद): Inclined to suspect or distrust someone or something.
• Example: She gave a suspicious look to the man standing at the door.
• Refreshing (स्फूर्तिदायक): Something that revives or reinvigorates, often in a pleasant way.
• Example: A cold glass of lemonade on a hot summer day is refreshing.

The correct answer is 'making progress'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "making progress" is a common collocation and is used to indicate advancement or improvement in a specific area or task.
• The other options: "having progress," "make progress," and "inviting progress" are incorrect as they do not fit the grammatical structure or are not standard collocations.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: They are making progress on the current projects of constructions.

Additional Information

• Having progress: This is incorrect as "having" is not commonly paired with "progress" in English.
• Make progress: While grammatically correct, it doesn't fit the continuous tense structure required here.
• Inviting progress: This phrase is not relevant to the context and is rarely used.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. The teacher evaluated all the answer scripts figurative. .

Key Points

• The sentence in Option 2 uses the word "figurative," which is an adjective. However, the sentence requires an adverb to modify the verb "evaluated."
• An adverb is used to describe how the action of the verb is performed. For example, "appropriately," "angrily," and "justly" are correct adverbs that describe the way the teacher evaluated the scripts in the other options.
• In contrast, "figurative" is not an adverb; the correct adverbial form would be "figuratively," but even then, it would not make logical sense in this context.

Correct sentence: The teacher evaluated all the answer scripts figuratively. (if the context demands, but it is still odd in this case)

Additional Information

• Adverbs: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They often end in "-ly" (e.g., "quickly," "calmly").
• Adjectives: Words that describe nouns or pronouns. They do not modify verbs (e.g., "beautiful," "large").
• In this case, "figurative" is an adjective and cannot be used to describe the verb "evaluated."

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "Fortnitly" is incorrectly spelled. The correct spelling is "Fortnightly," which means occurring once every two weeks or every fourteen days. (पखवाड़े में एक बार)
• Example: The magazine is published fortnightly, on the first and fifteenth of each month.
• The correct word is "Fortnightly", which refers to something that happens every two weeks. (पखवाड़े में एक बार)
• Example: The team meets fortnightly to discuss project updates.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Frequently (अक्सर): Occurring often or many times.
• Example: He frequently visits his grandparents on weekends.
• Quarterly (त्रैमासिक): Occurring once every three months or four times a year.
• Example: The company releases its financial statements quarterly.
• Occasionally (कभी-कभी): Happening from time to time; not frequently.
• Example: She occasionally goes hiking on weekends.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "coordialy" is incorrectly spelled in the sentence.
• The intended word is "cordially," which means in a warm, friendly, and polite manner. (सौहार्दपूर्वक)
• Example: The host cordially welcomed all the guests to the party.
• The correct spelling of the word "cordially" aligns with its proper meaning and usage in English. (सौहार्दपूर्वक)
• Example: She cordially invited her friends for a tea party.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: coordially (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling and does not exist in English.
• Option 3: cordialy (गलत वर्तनी): This is also an incorrect spelling of "cordially."
• Option 4: cordaily (गलत वर्तनी): Another incorrect spelling that does not convey the intended meaning.

The correct answer is 'embark'.

 

Key Points

• The word "embark" means to begin a journey, especially one that is important or challenging.
• In the context of the sentence, "embark" is the most suitable option as it conveys the idea of starting a spiritual journey.
• The other options, such as "embitter," "launch," and "embrace," do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: We must embark on our spiritual journey by first understanding the grace and significance of a pilgrimage.

Additional Information

• Embitter (कड़वाहट पैदा करना): means to make someone feel resentful or bitter.
• Launch (प्रारंभ करना): means to start or introduce something, but it doesn't convey the sense of a journey.
• Embrace (गले लगाना): means to accept or welcome something willingly, but it doesn't fit the context of beginning a journey.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Thankful.

Key Points

• The word "Grateful" means feeling or showing an appreciation of kindness; being thankful. (आभारी)
• Example: She was grateful to her teacher for guiding her through her project.
• "Thankful" refers to a feeling of gratitude or being pleased and relieved. (धन्यवादपूर्ण या आभारी)
• Example: I am thankful for the support my family has shown me during tough times.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Thankful.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Creative (रचनात्मक): Involving the use of imagination or original ideas to create something.
• Example: Her creative skills helped design a beautiful poster for the event.
• Undecided (अनिर्णीत): Not having made a decision or not having a definite opinion.
• Example: She remained undecided about which college to attend.
• Spontaneous (स्वतः स्फूर्त): Happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or external cause.
• Example: The audience broke into spontaneous applause after the performance.

The correct answer is: Relinquish.

Key Points

• The word "Abandon" means to leave something or someone completely, often with no intention of returning. (छोड़ देना)
• Example: The old house was abandoned after the flood destroyed it.
• "Relinquish" means to give up something, such as a right, possession, or power, voluntarily or due to force. (त्याग देना)
• Example: He decided to relinquish his claim to the inheritance.
• Both "Abandon" and "Relinquish" convey the idea of giving up or leaving something, making "Relinquish" the correct synonym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Relinquish.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Maintain (बनाए रखना): To keep something in good condition or to continue in the same state.
• Example: It is important to maintain a healthy diet for overall well-being.
• Retain (रखना): To keep possession of something.
• Example: She retained all her old textbooks for future reference.
• Preserve (संरक्षित करना): To protect something from harm or destruction, ensuring it remains in its original state.
• Example: Efforts are being made to preserve endangered species.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. frequent .

Key Points

• The word "frequent" is an adjective that describes nouns but is incorrectly used in an adverbial context here.
• In the sentence, the context requires an adverb to modify the action of fleeing, not an adjective.
• The correct adverbial form of "frequent" is "frequently."

Correct sentence: Clara fled frequently from the angry dog.

Additional Information

• Adjectives vs. Adverbs:
• Adjectives: Describe or modify nouns (e.g., "angry dog").
• Adverbs: Describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., "Clara fled frequently").
• Common Error: Misusing adjectives in place of adverbs in sentences where actions are being described.

The correct answer is 'inclement'.

 

Key Points

• The word "inclement" refers to unpleasantly cold or wet weather. (अप्रिय मौसम)
• Despite bad weather conditions, the festival was successful, making "inclement" the best choice for this context.
• The other options: "temperate," "mild," and "balmy" all describe pleasant or favorable weather, which does not fit the sentence.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: Despite the inclement weather, the festival was a huge success.

Additional Information

• Temperate (सामान्य): refers to moderate or mild weather conditions.
• Mild (हल्का): refers to gentle or not extreme weather.
• Balmy (सुखद): refers to pleasantly warm weather.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. "soft and pleasant".

Key Points

• The word "mellow" in the given context refers to something that is soft, soothing, and pleasant, often evoking a sense of calmness. (नरम और सुखद)
• Example: The mellow tones of the guitar created a relaxing atmosphere during the evening.
• In the sentence, the children used "mellow yellow paint" to create a calming atmosphere, which aligns with the meaning of "soft and pleasant".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Bright and sunny (चमकदार और धूप जैसा): Refers to something that is vivid, cheerful, or full of light.
• Example: The bright and sunny weather lifted everyone's mood.
• Option 2: Rough and textured (खुरदरा और बनावट वाला): Refers to a surface or quality that is uneven or coarse to the touch.
• Example: The rough and textured wall gave the room a rustic charm.
• Option 3: Dark and gloomy (अंधेरा और उदास): Describes something that is dim, depressing, or lacking in brightness.
• Example: The dark and gloomy sky signaled that a storm was approaching.

The correct answer is 'on'.

 

Key Points

• The verb "focused" typically takes the preposition "on" when referring to the object or area of attention.
• In this context, the artists directed their attention or efforts "on" depicting the beauty of the human form and nature.
• "Focused on" means to give all your attention or effort to something.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: During the Renaissance, artists focused 1. on depicting the beauty of the human form and nature. They 2. ______ to capture realism, using techniques like chiaroscuro to create depth and shadow. This period saw a shift 3. ______ religious themes to a celebration of individualism and classical knowledge. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo left an incredible mark, 4. ________ art 5. ______ centuries.

 

Additional Information

• At: "Focused at" is less common in this context and usually implies directing something towards a specific point or target, rather than concentrating attention.
• In: "Focused in" is generally incorrect in this construction; "in" might refer to being inside something.
• With: "Focused with" would imply using something to focus, which doesn't fit the meaning here.

The correct answer is 'aimed'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence describes a general action or goal of artists during the Renaissance. The simple past tense "aimed" is appropriate for a completed action in that historical period.
• "Aimed to capture realism" indicates their consistent objective throughout that era.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: During the Renaissance, artists focused (1) on depicting the beauty of the human form and nature. They 2. aimed to capture realism, using techniques like chiaroscuro to create depth and shadow. This period saw a shift (3) ______ religious themes to a celebration of individualism and classical knowledge. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo left an incredible mark, (4)________ art (5)______ centuries.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "had aimed" - This is the past perfect tense, which is used for an action completed before another past action. While grammatically possible in some contexts, "aimed" (simple past) fits better for a continuous characteristic of the period rather than an action completed before another specific past event.
• Option 2: "were aiming" - This is the past continuous tense, which suggests an action ongoing at a specific point in the past. While their aiming was continuous, the simple past "aimed" more concisely conveys their general objective during the Renaissance.
• Option 4: "was aiming" - This is also past continuous, but "was aiming" is singular, while the subject "They" (referring to artists) is plural. Therefore, it is grammatically incorrect.

The correct answer is 'from'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence describes a "shift" in focus or themes. When indicating a change from one point or state to another, the preposition "from" is typically used with "shift."
• "Shift from X to Y" is a common and grammatically correct construction to show a transition or change of origin.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: During the Renaissance, artists focused (1) on depicting the beauty of the human form and nature. They (2) aimed to capture realism, using techniques like chiaroscuro to create depth and shadow. This period saw a shift (3). from religious themes to a celebration of individualism and classical knowledge. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo left an incredible mark, (4)________ art (5)______ centuries.

 

Additional Information

• Along: "Shift along" would imply moving physically beside something, which doesn't fit the thematic change.
• Through: "Shift through" might suggest moving via something or examining things one by one, not indicating a change of origin.
• Around: "Shift around" would mean moving to different positions, not a directional change from one theme to another.

The correct answer is 'influencing'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence states that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo "left an incredible mark" on art. This implies that their contributions had a significant and lasting effect on art that followed.
• "Influencing" means having an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something. This accurately captures the idea that their work shaped and guided art for future generations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: During the Renaissance, artists focused (1) on depicting the beauty of the human form and nature. They (2) aimed to capture realism, using techniques like chiaroscuro to create depth and shadow. This period saw a shift (3) from religious themes to a celebration of individualism and classical knowledge. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo left an incredible mark, (4.) influencing art (5) ______ centuries.

 

Additional Information

• Motivate: To motivate means to provide a reason for doing something. Artists motivate people to create, but they don't "motivate art" itself in this context.
• Instill: To instill means to establish (an idea or attitude) in someone's mind gradually. While they might instill values through art, they don't "instill art" as a concept or practice in this phrase.
• Encourage: To encourage means to give support, confidence, or hope to someone. While they encouraged other artists, they didn't "encourage art" as a direct object in this way; "influencing" is a more fitting description of their legacy on the art form itself.

The correct answer is 'for'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence describes the duration or extent of the influence of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo's art.
• The preposition "for" is used to indicate a period of time during which something lasts or has been lasting. "For centuries" correctly expresses that their influence extended over many centuries.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: During the Renaissance, artists focused (1) on depicting the beauty of the human form and nature. They (2) aimed to capture realism, using techniques like chiaroscuro to create depth and shadow. This period saw a shift (3) from religious themes to a celebration of individualism and classical knowledge. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo left an incredible mark, (4) influencing art (5.) for centuries.

 

Additional Information

• After: "After centuries" would mean their influence started after several centuries had passed, which contradicts the idea of them leaving an immediate and lasting mark.
• By: "By centuries" does not form a coherent phrase to express duration. "By" is typically used to indicate a means, a deadline, or proximity.
• On: "On centuries" is grammatically incorrect in this context for expressing duration. "On" is typically used for specific days or surfaces.

सही उत्तर है - कीर्ति

Key Points

• तुलसीदास जी द्वारा रचित रामचरित मानस की कीर्ति चारों दिशाओं में फैली है।
• 'कीर्ति ' एक तत्सम शब्द है, जबकि इसका तद्भव शब्द 'कीरत' होगा।
• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- ताम्र, क्षीर, पक्षी आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- ताँबा, खीर, पंछी आदि।​

अन्य विकल्प-​

Additional Information 

    कुछ महत्वपूर्ण ​तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -