English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is 'profit'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the necessity for businesses to generate revenue to survive.
• The appropriate noun should indicate the financial gain required for the survival of businesses.
• "Profit" (लाभ) fits well as it refers to the financial gain that businesses must achieve to continue operating.
• Other options ("loss", "head start", "campaigning", "stand") do not fit the context of financial necessity for survival.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

 

Complete Passage: Business ethics (also known as Corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and business organisations as a whole. (Wikipedia) Most people agree that high ethical standards require both businesses and individuals to conform to sound moral standards*. However, some special aspects must be considered when applying ethics to business. To survive, businesses must make a* profit*. If profits are realised by misconduct then the life of the business may be short-lived. The business must balance their desires for profits against the needs and desires of society. Maintaining this balance can be difficult. To help with this, society has developed rules – both legal and implicit – to guide the business in their efforts to earn* __(6)_in ways that will not harm individuals or society as a whole. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2002.)

 

Additional Information

• Loss (हानि): "Loss" means the state of no longer having something or having less of it, which is contrary to the requirement for survival in a business.
• Head Start (अग्रता): "Head Start" means an initial advantage, which is not relevant to the financial necessity for business survival.
• Campaigning (अभियान): "Campaigning" means actions taken to achieve a particular result, which is not relevant to financial necessity or gains.
• Stand (खड़ा होना): "Stand" means to be in an upright position or to adopt a position, which does not fit the context of financial necessity for business survival.

The correct answer is 'profits'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the necessity for businesses to generate revenue without causing harm to individuals or society.
• The appropriate noun should indicate the financial gains that businesses strive to achieve while adhering to ethical practices.
• "Profits" (मुनाफे) fits well as it refers to the financial gains that businesses aim to achieve in ethical ways.
• Other options ("losses", "customers", "people", "leaders") do not fit the context of financial gain achieved through ethical business practices.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: Business ethics (also known as Corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and business organisations as a whole. (Wikipedia) Most people agree that high ethical standards require both businesses and individuals to conform to sound moral standards*. However, some special aspects must be considered when applying ethics to business. To survive, businesses must make a* profit*. If profits are realised by misconduct then the life of the business may be short-lived. The business must balance their desires for profits against the needs and desires of society. Maintaining this balance can be difficult. To help with this, society has developed rules – both legal and implicit – to guide the business in their efforts to earn* profits in ways that will not harm individuals or society as a whole. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2002.)

 

Additional Information

• Losses (हानियाँ): "Losses" means the state of having less of something, which is contrary to the concept of achieving gains.
• Customers (ग्राहक): "Customers" refers to individuals who buy goods or services, which does not fit the context of financial gains.
• People (लोग): "People" refers to human beings in general, which does not fit the context of financial gains or profits.
• Leaders (नेता): "Leaders" refers to those who guide or direct others, which does not fit the context of financial gains or profits.

The correct answer is B-R.

Key Points

The right combination from the given options that makes a meaningful sentence is B and R.

Let us take a look at the sentence combinations:

• A is combined with Q to form a meaningful sentence: We found an antique statue at the store.
• A cannot be used with either P or R because it would not make a meaningful sentence.

We found an antique team to move forward.

We found an antique to make electrical wires.

• The next combination would have to be B-R: Copper is mainly used to make electrical wires.
• If we consider the combination B-P, it does not make any meaningful sentence:

Copper is mainly used team to move forward.

• Then, the final combination is C-P: The captain ordered his team to move forward.

Thus, the correct combination of sentences from the given options is: (B) Copper is mainly used (R) to make electrical wires.

The correct answer is A-P.

Key Points

The right combination from the given options that makes a meaningful sentence is A and P.

Let us take a look at the sentence combinations:

• A is combined with P to form a meaningful sentence: He was lauded for achieving the top rank.
• A cannot be used with either Q or R because it would not make a meaningful sentence.

He was lauded for faster than an athlete.

He was lauded for while filling the form.

• The next combination would have to be B-R: I made a mistake while filling the form.
• If we consider the combination B-Q, it does not make any meaningful sentence:

I made a mistake faster than an athlete.

• Then, the final combination is C-Q: A cheetah can run faster than an athlete.

Thus, the correct combination of sentences from the given options is: (A) He was lauded for (P) achieving the top rank.

The correct answer is C - D.

Key Points

Let us look at the given sentence in the following manner:

• On Tuesday, we will have a party to ______(A) Michelle’s career ______(B) of being ______(C) to the general ______(D).
• From the below-given table, we get to know the meanings of the words in bold.
• In (C) being manager and in (D) general promoted both are incorrect phrases.
• The sentence tells us that they planned a party on Tuesday to celebrate Michelle’s career victory of being promoted to general manager.
• So, C and D should be interchanged to make the sentence correct. 

Therefore the correct sentence is, ***On Tuesday, we will have a party to celebrate Michelle’s career triumph of being promoted to general manager.***​

Additional Information

To understand which word belongs to which blank we need to know its meaning as enlisted below:

The correct answer is B - D. 

Key Points

• Let us look at the given sentence in the following manner: At the ______(A) of Candace’s eating ______(B) is her habit of ______(C) with sadness by seeking ______(D) in food.
• From the below-given table, we get to know the meanings of the words in bold.
• In (B) eating solace and in (D) disorder in food both are incorrect phrases.
• The sentence tells us that Candace developed an eating disorder because she started seeking comfort in food as a way of dealing with her sadness.
• So, B and D should be interchanged to make the sentence correct. 

Therefore the correct sentence is, ***At the root of Candace’s eating disorder is her habit of dealing with sadness by seeking solace in food.***​

Additional Information

• To understand which word belongs to which blank we need to know its meaning as enlisted below:

The correct answer is B-D.

Key Points

Let us look at the given sentence in the following manner: 

• We _________ (A) the way the new _________ (B) worked _________ (C), with full _________ (D) to our company.
• From the below-given table, we get to know the meanings of the words in bold.
• In (B) the way the new devotion and in (D) full employee to our company both are incorrect phrases.
• The sentence tells us that they respected the way the new employee worked with commitment and loyalty.
• So, B and D should be interchanged to make the sentence correct. 

Therefore the correct sentence is, We admired the way the new employee worked wholeheartedly, with full devotion to our company.

​

Additional Information

To understand which word belongs to which blank we need to know their meanings as enlisted below:

The correct answer is telepath

Key Points

• Telepath: A person who can read people's minds and communicate with them through their minds.

It should read as:

As a psychic, Samantha's speciality was being a telepath, she was accurate in reading people's minds 50% of the time. 

Important Points

The fact that the sentence mentions 'reading people's minds' is an indication of what Samantha's speciality is should help the reader choose between the options. 

Additional Information

Let's look at the meaning of the other words:

• Clairvoyant: A person who claims to have knowledge of events that may happen in the future or those that are happening beyond their sensory contact.
• Communist: A person who believes in the principles and tenets of communism (a concept promoted by Karl Marx)
• Capitalist: A wealthy person who invests in trade and the industry in order to make profit
• Gymnast: A person trained and skilled in gymnastics (a sport of physical agility)

The correct answer is dismissive

Key Points

• Dismissive: Feeling or showing that something is unworthy of consideration.

It should be read as:

The management at the hotel was very dismissive of the guests' complaints, they ignored all of them. 

Important Points

The phrase 'ignored all of them' is very important in this sentence as it lets the reader know what the management did with the complaints of the guests and whether it was positive or negative. 

Additional Information

Let's look at the meaning of the other words:

• Laudatory: Expressive praise or appreciation (usually for a performance)
• Appreciative: Feeling or showing gratitude or pleasure
• Practical: Something that is feasible, likely to be possible in real life

The correct answer is astonished

Key Points

• Astonished: To be greatly amazed and impressed by something

It should be read as:

The President was astonished at the speed with which the sloth climbed up the tree. 

Important Points

The important thing here is the fact that the sloth climbed up the tree fast, whereas it is general knowledge that a sloth is a slow mover and doesn't do anything fast. This would tell the reader what kind of reaction can be expected from the President. 

Additional Information

Let's look at the meaning of the other words:

• Furious: Extremely angry
• Dismayed: To be distressed and sad about something
• Disappointed: Displeased that someone or something has failed to meet expectations
• Fainted: Lose consciousness for a short period of time due to a temporary shortage of oxygen to the brain

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's have a look at all the given sentences as options:

• Option 1: A flock of birds were flying south for the winter.
• This sentence is erroneous because the subject 'a flock' is singular, and the verb should therefore also be singular: 'was' instead of 'were'.
• The correct sentence would be: "A flock of birds was flying south for the winter."
• Option 2: She writes every day to improve her storytelling skills.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 3: Driving carefully in rainy weather can prevent many accidents.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 4: His innovative approach to problem-solving sets him apart from his peers.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 5: It's important to drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.

So, out of the given sentences, only option 1 is a grammatically/contextually incorrect sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is "A flock of birds was flying south for the winter."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's have a look at all the given sentences as options:

• Option 1: The new store opens at 9 AM every morning.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 2: He always ask interesting questions during the lecture.
• This sentence is incorrect because the verb should agree with the singular subject 'He', thus it should be 'asks' instead of 'ask'.
• The correct sentence would be: "He always asks interesting questions during the lecture."
• Option 3: I enjoy reading books that challenge my understanding of the world.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 4: They played chess until midnight, each move more strategic than the last.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 5: Creativity often thrives under constraints.
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.

So, out of the given sentences, only option 2 is a grammatically/contextually incorrect sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is "He always asks interesting questions during the lecture."

The correct answer is 'beleive'.

Key Points

• The word 'beleive' has been incorrectly spelled in the given sentence.
• The correct spelling and its meaning has been listed below - 
• believe -  accept that (something) is true, especially without proof.
• Example - You may believe the story that you like best.

​

Hint

• “I before E except after C” is a grammar rule that will help you with remembering the spelling of some words.
• The entire saying is “I before E, except after C or when sounded as A, as in neighbor and weigh. And weird is just weird.”
• It is also important to remember that there are exceptions to this rule like neighbor, Einstein, neither, efficient etc.

Additional Information

The following are the meanings of the other highlighted words in the given sentence - 

• arguments - Plural form of 'argument' which means an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one.
• describe - give a detailed account in words of.
• inevitable -  certain to happen.

The correct answer is 'calander'.

Key Points

• The word 'calander' has been incorrectly spelled in the given sentence.
• The correct spelling and its meaning has been listed below - 
• colander -  a perforated bowl used to strain off liquid from food after washing or cooking.
• Example - Shruti said as he strained the spaghetti into a colander.

Additional Information

The following are the meanings of the other highlighted words in the given sentence - 

• drain - cause or allow (liquid) to run off or out of something.
• thoroughly - in a thorough manner.
• rinse -  wash (something) with clean water to remove soap, detergent, dirt, or impurities.

The correct answer is 'desert'.

Key Points

• The word 'desert' has been incorrectly spelled in the given sentence.
• The correct spelling and its meaning has been listed below - 
• dessert -  the sweet course eaten at the end of a meal.
• Example - Guests finish with an indulgent dessert, baked on premises by the resident pastry chef.

Confusion Points

• 'Desert'  spelled in this manner means a water less, desolate area of land with little or no vegetation, typically one covered with sand.
• Hence, although the spelling is correct, the meaning is not valid for the given sentence.

Additional Information

The following are the meanings of the other highlighted words in the given sentence - 

• shines - be exceptionally good.
• among- surrounded by; in the middle of
• foster -  encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable). But in context of the given sentence we need to consider the phrase 'Bananas Foster' which refers to a dessert made from bananas and vanilla ice cream

The correct answer is 'fourt'.

Key Points

• The word 'fourt' has been incorrectly spelled in the given sentence.
• The correct spelling and its meaning has been listed below - 
• fourth -  constituting number four in a sequence; 4^th.
• Example - After the fourth week she knew he wouldn't be back.

Additional Information

The following are the meanings of the other highlighted words in the given sentence - 

• work - activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result.
• stove - an apparatus for cooking or heating that operates by burning fuel or using electricity.
• supper -  an evening meal, typically a light or informal one.

The correct answer is 'vacum '.

Key Points

• The word 'vacum' has been incorrectly spelled in the given sentence.
• The correct spelling and its meaning has been listed below - 
• vacuum -  a space or container from which the air has been completely or partly removed. A 'vacuum cleaner' is an electrical apparatus that by means of suction collects dust and small particles from floors and other surfaces.
• Example - There is no such thing really as a vacuum, any more than there are atoms or ultimate indivisible particles.

​​                           You'll have to do a lot more stooping when you use an upright vacuum cleaner.

Additional Information

The following are the meanings of the other highlighted words in the given sentence - 

• particles - the least possible amount.
• receptacle - a hollow object used to contain something.
• process -   a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.

The correct answer is 'found'

Key Points

• In the given blank, we need to use a third form of the verb because there is a usage of 'been' and 'have' is an auxiliary verb so in this sense, we need to use a third form of the verb which is written only in Option 2 i.e. 'found'
• So the correct sentence is- A radiological examination of an ancient mummy said to have been found in royal tombs in Thebes

The correct answer is 'mummified'.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes an ancient Egyptian mummy of a pregnant woman who was carefully preserved according to burial customs.
• The blank requires a word that describes the process of preserving a dead body, especially in ancient Egypt.
• "Mummified" means preserved a dead body by embalming, drying, and wrapping it in cloth. This fits perfectly in the context of Egyptian burial practices. (ममीकृत)
• The sentence "She came from the elite of the Theban community and was carefully mummified" is grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Sentence: She came from the elite of the Theban community and was carefully mummified*, wrapped in fabrics, and equipped with a rich set of amulets.*

 

Additional Information

• Mummification (ममीकरण): The process of preserving a body; it is a noun, so it does not fit grammatically in the blank.
• Typified (प्रतिनिधित्व करना): Means represented or symbolized; it does not suit the context of body preservation.
• Decomposified: This is not a standard English word and is incorrect in this context.
• Nourishment (पोषण): Means food or nutrition, which is unrelated to the context of preserving a mummy.

The correct answer is 'and'

Key Points

• According to the rule of grammar, between...and is correlative conjunction hence we need to use Option 5 i.e. 'and'
• Let's see an example-
• The Ministry plans to construct between 50 and 60 cyclone shelters.

So the correct sentence is- Closer examination has revealed that the woman died between 20 and 30 years