DSSSB PGT English Male 23rd July 2021 (Subject Concerned) Shift 1 (Previous Year Paper)

The correct solution is 'many'. 

Key Points

• A determiner is a word that is used to modify or introduce the noun in a sentence. It mostly acts like an adjective in that it refers to the noun.
• Determiners include articles, adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, possessive adjectives, etc.
• In the given sentence in the question we have to determine the amount of students(noun) the subject (you) can see in the classroom.
• The most appropriate determiner would be 'many' which is used for determining large quantity of countable people or things.
• Option 1, 'all' is incorrect as it is ued to refer to the whole quantity and in this case, not necessarily what the subject can see but the whole amount of students in the class.
• Option2, 'any' is incorrect as it used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or how many.
• Option 3, 'much' is incorrect as it is used for singular and uncountable nous while the noun 'students' is plural and countable.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct solution is 'Had'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence in the question is an interrogative sentence in a past perfect tense.
• The past perfect tense is a verb tense used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past.
• The sentence also talks about the time the train left which was completed in the past.
• The sentence structure for interrogative past perfect tense is Had + subject + 3^rd form of verb + object.
• So the correct sentence would be:
• Had+ the train (subject)+ left (past participle)+ when you reached at the station (object).
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct solution is 'neither'. 

Key Points

• A determiner is a word that is used to modify or introduce the noun in a sentence. It mostly acts like an adjective in that it refers to the noun.
• Determiners include articles, adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, possessive adjectives, etc.
• In the given sentence in the question, we have to pick a determiner to determine the negative statement about the two friends.
• The most appropriate word would be 'neither' which is used to show 'not the one nor the other; not either.'. 
• Option 1, 'either' is incorrect as it is used two indicate two things in a positive manner.
• Option 2, 'none' is also incorrect as it refers to no amount at all and not just two persons or things.
• Option 3, 'any' is also incorrect at it is used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or how many.
• Hence the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct solution is 'each'. 

Key Points

• A determiner is a word that is used to modify or introduce the noun in a sentence. It mostly acts like an adjective in that it refers to the noun.
• Determiners include articles, adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, possessive adjectives, etc.
• In the given sentence in the question, we can know that there were four plates in total.
• We have to select a determiner to determine the individual plate from among the group of plates.
• The most appropriate determiner for such is "Each" which is used  to refer to individual things in a group or a list of two or more things.
• Option 1 'every' is incorrect as it is used to refer to a group or list of three or more things.
• Option2, 'all' is incorrect as it refers to the whole quantity.
• Option 4, 'none' is also incorrect as it refers to no amount at all.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct solution is 'must'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence in the question is an imperative sentence.
• Imperative sentences are used to express commands/orders or requests and also to give instructions or some advice.
• Since the sentence is giving command about wearing helmet while riding a bike, the most appropriate word to fill in the blank would be 'must which indicates 'obligation' or necessity. 
• Option 1, 'would' is incorrect as it indicated future assertion and not a present necessity.
• Option 2, 'can' is also incorrect as it is bused for indicating possibility and not necessity.
• Option 3, 'might' is also incorrect as it is also used for expressing possibilty of something uncertain.
• Hence the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct solution is 'had been'. 

Key Points

• The given sentence in the question is in a past perfect continuous tense.
• ​The past perfect continuous tense shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past.
• The given senteence shows that Anna had been working and is continued till some point in the past.
• The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using had been + the verb’s present participle (root +ing).
• So the sentence would become Anna was tired because she (subject)+ had been + working(past participle+ing)+ all day.
• Hence the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct solution is 'a'. 

Key Points

• A determiner is a word that is used to modify or introduce the noun in a sentence. It mostly acts like an adjective in that it refers to the noun.
• Determiners include articles, adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, possessive adjectives, etc.
• In the sentence given above, we have the subject 'Anna' and we also have to determine the noun phrase 'one year old son'.
• Since the noun phrase is singular and not specific (as it does not specifically mentions the baby's name or nature), we have to pick a determiner which is also singular.
• The most appropriate determiner would be the indefinite article 'a'. 
• Option 1, 'an' is an incorrect option as it is used for a noun beginning with a vowel sound but not necessarily vowel and since the noun 'one' doesn't have a vowel sound, the article 'a' is used instead.
• Option 2, 'the' is incorrect as it is used for specific nouns while the noun given in the sentence is not a specific noun.
• Option 4, 'her' is a gender specific pronoun and is not appropriate to introduce a neutral noun.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct solution is 'haven't'. 

Key Points

• Looking at the sentence given in the question, we know that it is a present perfect tense.
• The present perfect tense is an English verb tense used for past actions that are related to or continue into the present and the sentence given in the question is talking about Ron and Sophie's college days relating it to the present day.
• In a simple present tense, the sentence structure is Subject + have/has + past participle (third form of the verb) + rest of the sentence.
• So the sentence becomes Ron and Sophie (Subject)+ haven't(short form of have not)+ visited (past participle)+ their grandmother's home since college days.(the rest of the sentence)
• Hence the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct solution is 'anybody'. 

Key Points

• A determiner is a word that is used to modify or introduce the noun in a sentence. It mostly acts like an adjective in that it refers to the noun.
• In the sentence given in the question, the subject of the sentence is 'You' and the object of the sentence which is also a noun is 'want'.
• Since the noun 'want' in the sentence indicates 'people to be invited to the birthday', the most appropriate word would be 'anybody'. 
• Option 1, 'anywhere' is incorrect as it is not appropriate to refer to a person.
• Option 3, 'something' is also incorrect as it is also inapprpriate to use it to refer to a person.
• Option 4, 'anything' is an incorrect option as it is used to refer to an object not a person.
• Hence the corret answer is Option 2.

The correct solution is 'could'. 

Key Points

• In the given sentence ion the question, we have to fill in the blank with the correct form of verb.
• Since the first part of the sentence mentions that 'most of the hotels were full', we know that the sentence is in the past tense.
• So, the most appropriate verb that is also a past tense would be 'could' which indicates possibility. 
• Option 2*, 'should'* is not the correct answer as it indicates obligation or duty.
• Option 3, 'can' is also a wrong answer as it is a present tense while the sentence in the question is a past tense.
• Option 4, 'would' is also incorrect as it indicates an imagined situation for the future which is not suitable with the given sentence.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is "was directing".

Key Points 

We need to understand the type of sentence to know what tense to use.

• We use past continuous tense to make the sentence grammatically correct because the sentence contains two continuous actions.
• Here the subject is singular i.e. 'The policeman' and the singular subject needs singular verb.
• From the options, we understand that the sentence requires the singular verb in past continuous tense as the complete sentence is itself in past tense.
• Other options 'will direct, has directed' are incorrect as they are in future and present tense.
• The verb 'could direct' is incorrect because it does not fit in the context.
• Hence, we are left with only one option i.e. 'was directing' which is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "The policeman was directing the traffic when the accident happened".

The correct answer is "little".

Key Points 

• The given blank needs to be filled with a suitable determiner.
• Here in the given sentence there are two washing machines which are similar and have a slight difference between them. For a slight difference we will use 'little' as little means (also as a noun after the) not much or not enough.
• Example: The two televisions are similar. There is little difference between them.
• Hence, the complete sentence is "These two washing machines are very similar. There is little difference between them".

Additional Information 

Now, let's understand the meanings of the other given words.

• "Many": a large number of people or things
• "Few": a small number of; some
• "Much": (used with uncountable nouns, mainly in negative sentences and questions, or after as, how, so, too) a large amount of something

The correct answer is "Noun Clause".

Key Points 

• Noun Clause: A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. 
• Example: I believe that I will pass the test.
• I cannot understand why she is angry with me.

Similarly, This sentence "The vacation is what Robert needs most at this time" is also a Noun clause because it contains 'what Robert needs most at this time' is the object of the verb needs.

Additional Information

• Pronoun clause: A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a dependent (or relative) clause and connects it to an independent clause.
• Adverbial clause: An adverbial clause, sometimes referred to as an adverb clause, is a group of words that, together, functions as an adverb.
• Adjective clause: An adjective clause is a group of words consisting of a noun and/or a verb preceded by a relative pronoun that modifies the subject or object in the sentence.

The correct answer is "leaves".

Key Points 

We need to understand the type of sentence to know what verb to use.

• We use Present indefinite tense to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Here the subject is singular i.e. 'The London flight' and the singular subject needs singular verb.
• From the options, we understand that the sentence requires the singular verb in present tense only as it is a routine activity or usual activity.
• Other options are incorrect as they are in future, past or present continuous tense.
• Hence, we are left with only one option i.e. 'leaves' which is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "The London flight leaves at half past eight every Tuesday".

The correct answer is "Adjective clause".

Key Points 

• Adjective clause: An adjective clause is a group of words consisting of a noun and/or a verb preceded by a relative pronoun that modifies the subject or object in the sentence. 
• Example: The company that I worked for in 2018 is shutting down.
• The girl, who has shifted from Australia, is here to meet you.

Similarly, This sentence "We are going to the restaurant that I love most" is also an Adjective clause because it contains 'that I love most'. 

Additional Information 

• Pronoun clause: A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a dependent (or relative) clause and connects it to an independent clause.
• Adverbial clause: An adverbial clause, sometimes referred to as an adverb clause, is a group of words that, together, functions as an adverb.
• Noun clause: A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun.

The correct answer is "what".

Key Points 

• The given blank needs to be filled with a suitable pronoun.
• Here in the given sentence we will use the pronoun 'what' means the thing or things that have been mentioned or said because the sentence says that the newspapers are telling the truth of Richard.
• Example: What he says is true.
• Other options are incorrect as they do not fit in the context.
• Hence, the complete sentence is "Is it true what the newspapers are saying about Richard?".

Additional Information 

Now, let's understand the meanings of the other given words.

• "Whether or not": used to say that something will be true in either of the situations that are mentioned
• "When": used for talking about the time at which something happens or happened
• "If": used in sentences in which one thing only happens or is true when another thing happens or is true

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary objective here is to correctly use the future continuous tense to indicate an action that will be happening at a specific later time in the day.
• Option 3, "will be meeting," correctly uses the future continuous tense to show that the meeting is a planned event for later in the day.
• Let's see why the other options are incorrect.
• Option 1, "meeting," is incorrect as it is a present participle and does not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option 2, "meet," is incorrect because it uses the simple present tense, which is not appropriate for an action planned for the future.
• Option 4, "will meeting," is incorrect because "will" should be followed by the base form of the verb, not the present participle.

The correct answer is "After".

Key Points 

• Subordinate conjunction: A subordinating conjunction is a word used to combine an independent clause and a dependent clause in a sentence.
• Example: When I reached the Bus station, I found out that the bus had already left.
• Unless you submit all the supporting documents, your application will not be processed.

Similarly, In this sentence "Johnny took a bath after eating dinner", the subordinate conjunction is "after".

Hence, the correct answer is 'After'.

The correct answer is "which".

Key Points 

• The given blank needs to be filled with a suitable pronoun.
• Here in the given sentence the subject 'Blog' is singular & non living thing, so for non living things we will use 'that/which' pronoun.
• Example: This alarm clock, which I found in the attic, is an antique.
• Other options are incorrect as they do not fit in the context.
• Hence, the complete sentence is "The blog which talks about easy parenting is visited mostly by expecting couples".

Additional Information 

Now, let's understand the meanings of the other given words.

• "When": used for talking about the time at which something happens or happened
• "Whose": (used in questions to ask who something belongs to) of whom?
• "Where": in or to what place or position

The correct answer is "Subordinate clause".

Key Points 

• Subordinate clause: A subordinate clause cannot stand alone. It is not independent. A subordinate clause has a subject and a verb, but it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
• Example: If you win the award, I will buy you a new video game.
• When she was sick, her best friend gave the exam.

Similarly, This sentence "Before it starts raining, take out your umbrella" is also a Subordinate clause because it contains 'Before it starts raining'. 

Additional Information 

• Main clause: A main clause is a group of words that make up the major part of a sentence.
• Adjective clause: An adjective clause is a group of words consisting of a noun and/or a verb preceded by a relative pronoun that modifies the subject or object in the sentence.
• Noun clause: A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun.

The correct answer is ‘Onomatopoeia’.

Key Points

• Onomatopoeia is the use or creation of a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound it describes.
• It may also refer to the use of words whose sound suggests the sense. This frequently occurs in poetry, where a line of verse can express a characteristic of the portrayed thing.
• Common onomatopoeias include animal noises such as oink, meow, roar, chirp, buzz, and hiss.
• Here is an example of onomatopoeia in literature in "The Tempest" by William Shakespeare :
• “Hark, hark!

Bow-wow.

The watchdog's bark!

Bow-wow.

Hark, hark! I hear

The strain of struggling chanticleer

Cry, ‘cock-a-diddle-dow!’”

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is "The house had been cleaned by them".

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in Past Perfect Tense.
• It is in Active voice.
• Structure of Active and Passive voice in the particular tense:
• Active: Subject + had + V3 + object…
• Passive: Object + had + been + V3 + by + subject…
• In the given sentence,
• Active: They + had + cleaned + the house.
• Passive: The house + had + been + cleaned + by + them.

Hence, “The house had been cleaned by them” is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Has he joined us in our seminar?".

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Present Perfect Tense.
• It is in Passive voice.
• Structure of Active and Passive voice in the particular tense:
• Active: Has/Have + subject + V3 + object ?
• Passive: Have/Has + object + been + V3 + by + object ?
• In the given sentence,
• Passive: Have + we + been + joined + by + him in our seminar?
• Active: Has + he + joined + us in our seminar?

Hence, “Has he joined us in our seminar?” is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 14 Years.

Key Points

• The Canterbury Tales  is a collection of twenty-four stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400.
• It is widely regarded as Chaucer's magnum opus.
• The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
• The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.
• The use of a pilgrimage as the framing device enabled Chaucer to bring together people from many walks of life: knight, prioress, monk; merchant, man of law, franklin, scholarly clerk; miller, reeve, pardoner; wife of Bath and many others.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is ‘The Middle Ages’.

Key Points

• The period between 1343 and 1450 is known as the Age of Chaucer.
• Geoffrey Chaucer was born in the reign of Edward III, lived through that of Richard II, and died the year after Henry IV ascended the throne.
• Edward‘s reign marks the highest development of Medieval civilization. The spirit of the court was that of romantic idealism.
• The age of Chaucer is the first significant period in the literary history of England.
• In every walk of life there were signs of change. The social, political, religious and literary changes were taking place. In short, it was an age of change.
• It marks the beginning of a new era, new language and new literature.
• The age of Chaucer was a transitional age. The medievalism was departing and modernism was developing slowly.
• Wycliffe and his followers were sowing the seeds of Reformation. They were making attack upon the church.
• Individualism was being emphasized. Military events were contributing to the growth of patriotism and national consciousness.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Mathew Arnold.

Key Points

• Matthew Arnold was one of the foremost poets and critics of the 19^th century. While often regarded as the father of modern literary criticism, he also wrote extensively on social and cultural issues, religion, and education.
• Matthew Arnold tries to justify Geoffrey Chaucer and his poetical achievements in "The Study of Poetry".
• He refers to Chaucer and seeks to establish a real estimate of his poetry.
• According to Arnold, Chaucer's poetry is true to life. He depicts everything from a humane point of view. As a result, we have seen a simple, clear, and kind view of human life in the poetry of Chaucer.
• Arnold praises Chaucer's excellent style and manner but says that Chaucer cannot be called a classic since, unlike Homer, Virgil, and Shakespeare, his poetry does not have the high poetic seriousness that Aristotle regards as a mark of its superiority over the other arts.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "can".

Key Points 

We need to understand the type of sentence to know what verb to use.

• We use Modal verb to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Here the subject is singular i.e. 'James' and the singular subject needs singular verb.
• From the options, we understand that the sentence requires the singular modal verb 'can' because the sentence shows the ability of James to swim for hours as he had been training for several years.
• 'Can': used for showing that it is possible for somebody/something to do something or that somebody/something has the ability to do something
• Other options 'will, shall, might' are incorrect as they don't show the ability of someone to do something.
• Hence, we are left with only one option i.e. 'can' which is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "James can swim for hours. He had been training several years for it".

The correct answer is "needn't".

Key Points 

We need to understand the type of sentence to know what verb to use.

• We use Plural verb in negative case to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Here the subject is plural i.e. 'We' and the plural subject needs plural verb.
• From the options, we understand that the sentence requires the plural verb 'need' in negative case as there is plenty of time left for the show and they need not to hurry in this situation.
• Other options 'mightn't, wouldn't and couldn't' are incorrect as they do not convey the meaning of 'to have to; to be obliged to'.
• Hence, we are left with only one option i.e. 'needn't' which is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "We needn't have left in hurry. There is plenty of time left for the show."

The correct answer is "They renovated the house last year".

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in Simple Past Tense.
• It is in Passive voice.
• Structure of Active and Passive voice in the particular tense:
• Active: Subject + (did + V1) or V2 + object…
• Passive: Object + was + V3 + by + subject…
• In the given sentence,
• Passive: The house + was + renovated last year.
• Active: They + renovated + the house last year.

Hence, “They renovated the house last year” is the correct answer.

The correct answer is ‘Epic’.

Key Points

• Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often using the voices of both a narrator and other characters; the entire story is usually written in metered verse.
• Narrative poems do not need to rhyme.
• Narrative poems include all epic poetry, and the various types of "lay", most ballads, and some idylls, as well as many poems not falling into a distinct type.
• An epic poem, or simply an epic, is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants.
• A narrative poem usually tells a story using a poetic theme.
• Epics are very vital to narrative poems, although it is thought those narrative poems were created to explain oral traditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'I can draw several conclusions from the study.'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in passive voice form.
• Passive voice:- A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject undergoes the action of the verb (e.g. they were killed as opposed to the active form he killed them ).
• • For example:- The ball is chased by the ball.
• Active voice:- A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject is typically the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (e.g. she loved him as opposed to the passive form he was loved ).
• For example:- The dog chases the ball.
• In order to change the given passive voice form into active voice form, we have to follow some of the steps:-
• Identify the (S+V+O) Subject(not given), Verb(can be drawn) and object(several conclusions) in the passive sentence to convert to active voice.
• Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. subject(several conclusions) of the passive sentence become the object() of the active sentence and vice-versa.
• The verb can be drawn​​ in the passive sentence should be converted into can draw in active voice sentence as here the helping verb(can) would be followed by the first form of the verb(draw) in a active sentence.
• Base verbs are used in active voice sentences.
• For example:-
• Active voice: She prepares dinner.
• Passive voice: The dinner is prepared by her.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is “The Canterbury Tales”.

Key Points

• A heroic couplet is a form of poetry commonly used in epics and narrative poems.
• It is composed of a pair of rhyming lines that are written in iambic pentameter.
• Thus, the lines contain ten syllables each.
• Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14^th century was the first to make extensive use of it in the Legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.
• The heroic couplet became the principal meter used in a drama about the mid-17^th century, and the form was perfected by John Dryden and Alexander Pope in the late 17^th and early 18^th centuries.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The Divine Comedy is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri. The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval worldview as it existed in the Western Church by the 14^th century.
• Paradiso is a novel by Cuban writer José Lezama Lima, the only one completed and published during his lifetime. Written in an elaborately baroque style, the narrative follows the childhood and youth of José Cemí and depicts many scenes which resonate with Lezama's own life as a young poet in Havana.
• Inferno is a mystery thriller novel by American author Dan Brown published on May 14, 2013.

The correct answer is 'would'.

Key Points 

• Would means past of will1, in various senses; (expressing the conditional mood) indicating the consequence of an imagined event or situation.( इच्छा प्रकट करना)
• ​For example: I thought we would be late, so we would have to take the train.
• Could means past of can1; used to indicate possibility; used in making suggestions or polite requests.( सका/कर सकता)
• Must means be obliged to; should (expressing necessity).( जरूरी)
• Should means used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions.( चाहिये करना ).
• In the given sentence, we are talking about a possibility that if a person named Joe gets good marks in his/her examination then he/she would be able to get admission into a good college.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that would is the appropriate option to be chosen for filling the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.  

Correct sentence is: If Joe gets good grades then, he would be able to get into a good college.

The correct answer is ‘Metre’.

Key Points

• In poetry, meter or "Metre" is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.
• Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse meter or a certain set of meters alternating in a particular order.
• Poets make use of natural stresses in the language to create rhythm in poetry.
• It can be helpful to think of rhythm in poetry as being like a beat in music.
• In poetry, this pattern of the stressed and unstressed parts of words is called the meter, which is the number and type of rhythmic beats in a line of poetry.
• In metrical poetry, however, poets don’t count the number of syllables in each line; they count the number of ‘stresses’.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is ‘Confessio Amantis’. 

Key Points

• The Parlement of Foules also called the Parlement of Bridges or the Assemble of Foules, is a poem by Geoffrey Chaucer made up of approximately 700 lines.
• The poem, which is in the form of a dream vision in rhyme royal stanza, contains one of the earliest references to the idea that St. Valentine's Day is a special day for lovers.
• Troilus and Criseyde is an epic poem by Geoffrey Chaucer, which re-tells in Middle English the tragic story of the lovers Troilus and Criseyde set against a backdrop of war during the siege of Troy. It was written in rime royale and probably completed during the mid-1380s.
• The Canterbury Tales is a collection of twenty-four stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Confessio Amantis or "The Lover's Confession" is a 33,000-line Middle English poem by John Gower, which uses the confession made by an aging lover to the chaplain of Venus as a frame story for a collection of shorter narrative poems.

The correct answer is 'Ruby is wearing a new dress.'.

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in passive voice form.
• Passive voice:- A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject undergoes the action of the verb (e.g. they were killed as opposed to the active form he killed them ).
• • For example:- The ball is chased by the ball.
• Active voice:- A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject is typically the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (e.g. she loved him as opposed to the passive form he was loved ).
• For example:- The dog chases the ball.
• In order to change the given passive voice form into active voice form, we have to follow some of the steps:-
• Identify the (S+V+O) Subject(Ruby), Verb(is being worn) and object(A new dress) in the passive sentence to convert to active voice.
• Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. Subject(Ruby) of the active sentence become the object(A new dress)of the passive sentence and vice-versa.
• The verb is being worn in the passive sentence should be converted into is wearing in active voice sentence as here the helping verb(is) would be followed by the fourth form of the verb(wear) in an active sentence.
• Base verbs are used in active voice sentences.
• For example:-
• Active voice: She prepares dinner.
• Passive voice: The dinner is prepared by her.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is ‘The repetition of identical consonant sounds in nearly connected words or syllables’.

Key Points

• In literature, alliteration is the repetition of identical initial consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables within a group of words, even those spelled differently.
• Alliteration narrowly refers to the repetition of a letter in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed.
• Sometimes the repetition of initial vowel sounds (head rhyme) is also referred to as alliteration.
• As a poetic device, it is often discussed with assonance and consonance.
• The purpose of using alliteration is to provide an audible pulse that gives a piece of writing a lulling, lyrical, and/or emotive effect.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is ‘Matthew Arnold’.

Key Points

• Mathew Arnold believes that poetry has significant use in the process of knowledge creation and the progression of human beings.
• As an artistic endeavor, Poetry provides reflection and commentary on the finer aspects of survival and struggles.
• It is elemental to the investigations in Theology and Science.
• Arnold claims that the need for poetry and its faculties will help human beings harness purpose and tranquility in the times and generations to come.
• Arnold believes that the central thought of the poem matters more than any other concept so much so that it becomes the central fact of the poem.
• This idea is what links to the emotions of the reader and provides a vent to them.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is ‘Lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme’.

Key Points

• A sonnet is a one-stanza, 14-line poem, written in iambic pentameter.
• The sonnet, is derived from the Italian word 'sonetto', meaning “a little sound or song,"
• The original form of the sonnet was the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet, in which 14 lines are arranged in an octet (eight lines) rhyming ABBA ABBA and a sestet (six lines) rhyming either CDECDE or CDCDCD.
• Literally, a “little song,” the sonnet traditionally reflects upon a single sentiment, with a clarification or “turn” of thought in its concluding lines.
• Types of the sonnet:
• The Petrarchan Sonnet, Shakespearean sonnet, Spenserian sonnet, and Miltonic sonnet.
• The most well-known and important sonnets in the English language were written by Shakespeare.
• These sonnets cover such themes as love, jealousy, beauty, infidelity, the passage of time, and death.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'When will office be joined by her?'.

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in active voice form.
• Active voice:- A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject is typically the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (e.g. she loved him as opposed to the passive form he was loved ).
• • For example:- The dog chases the ball.
• Passive voice:- A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject undergoes the action of the verb (e.g. they were killed as opposed to the active form he killed them ).
• • For example:- The ball is chased by the ball.
• In order to change the given active voice form into passive voice form, we have to follow some of the steps:-
• Identify the (S+V+O) Subject(she), Verb(will join) and object(office) in the active sentence to convert to passive voice.
• Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. subject(she) of the active sentence become the object(office) of the passive sentence and vice-versa.
• The verb will join​​ in the active sentence should be converted into will be joined in passive voice sentence as here the helping verb(will) would be followed by be and again it is followed by the past participle form of join in passive sentence.
• Base verbs are never used in passive voice sentences.
• For example:-
• Active voice: She prepares dinner.
• Passive voice: The dinner is prepared by her.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is ‘Blank Verse Epic Poem’.

Key Points

• Paradise Lost, an epic poem in blank verse, one of the late works by John Milton, originally issued in 10 books in 1667 and, with Books 7 and 10 each split into two parts, published in 12 books in the second edition of 1674.
• Blank verse, unrhymed iambic pentameter, the preeminent dramatic and narrative verse form in English, blank verse was introduced in 16^th-century Italy along with other classical meters.
• Paradise Lost tells the biblical story of the fall from the grace of Adam and Eve in language which is a supreme achievement of rhythm and sound.
• The main characters in the poem are God, Lucifer (Satan), Adam, and Eve.
• Much has been written about Milton’s powerful and sympathetic characterization of Satan.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Pastoral poetry is known for exploring the relationship between humans and nature, and for romanticizing the ideals of simple country life.
• A political allegory is a story or painting that, on the surface, tells one tale, but has a hidden political meaning underneath. It is an extended metaphor that often uses a simple substitution of one element or symbol for another.
• Love poetry is one of the oldest genres of poetry in the history of literature. It is trying to find the right words to describe an indescribable feeling, to reconcile the words in your head with the emotions in your heart.

The correct answer is ‘Eight.

Key Points

• Spenserian stanza consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (an alexandrine); the rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc.
• Edmund Spenser devised the Spenserian stanza for his great work The Faerie Queene (1590).
• The first eight lines produce an effect of formal unity, while the hexameter completes the thought of the stanza.
• The Spenserian stanza has origins in the Old French the Italian ottava rima and the stanza form used by Chaucer in his “Monk’s Tale”.
• Examples of the Spenserian stanza:
• ‘The Lotos-Eaters’ by Lord Tennyson is a wonderful example of how influential Spenser’s stanza form has been throughout the history of English poetry.
• ‘The Eve of St. Agnes’ is a famous Keats poem that is divided into nine-line stanzas and follows the traditional pattern of a Spenserian stanza.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is ‘Rhetorical devices’.

Key Points

• Rhetorical devices evoke an emotional response in the audience through the use of language, but that is not their primary purpose. Rather, by doing so, they seek to make a position or argument more compelling than it would otherwise be.
• Rhetorical devices can be used to facilitate and enhance the effectiveness of the use of rhetoric in any of the four above modes of persuasion.
• A rhetorical device is a technique that distinguishes Spenser from his contemporaries.
• Spencer especially employs Amplificato, Digressio, and Descritio to develop the effects of characterization and dramatic plot dynamics.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 1608.

Key Points

• John Milton was a 17^th-century historian, journalist, and poet born on December 9^th, 1608 in London, England.
• Milton is best known for Paradise Lost, widely regarded as the greatest epic poem in English.
• In his prose works, Milton advocated the abolition of the Church of England and the execution of Charles I.
• Milton had manifested remarkable talent as a linguist and translator and extraordinary versatility as a poet.
• Milton’s most important early poems, ''Comus'' and “Lycidas,” are major literary achievements.
• Comus, a dramatic entertainment, or masque, was first published as A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle in 1638.
• Lycidas is a poem written in 1637 for inclusion in a volume of elegies published in 1638 to commemorate the death of Edward King.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 1599.

Key Points

• Edmund Spenser was born in 1552/1553 and died on 13^th January 1599,  at the age of forty-six.
• He was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I.
• It was written in what came to be called the Spenserian stanza.
• The Faerie Queene consists of six books and a fragment.
• The Shepheardes Calender, a series of poems by Edmund Spenser, was published in 1579 and considered to mark the beginning of the English Renaissance in literature.
• ‘Sonnet 75’ is part of Amoretti, a sonnet cycle that describes Spenser’s courtship and marriage to Elizabeth Boyle.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”.

Key Points

• “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” shows many features associated with seventeenth-century metaphysical poetry in general, and with Donne’s work in particular.
• It ends with one of Donne’s most famous metaphysical conceits, in which he argues for the lovers’ closeness by comparing their two souls to the feet of a drawing compass.
• The poem tenderly comforts the speaker’s lover at their temporary parting, asking that they separate calmly and quietly, without tears or protests.
• The speaker justifies the desirability of such calmness by developing the ways in which the two share a holy love, both sexual and spiritual in nature.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is Edmund Spenser.

Key Points

• Edmund Spenser is considered one of the preeminent poets of the English language.
• The Shepheardes Calendar was admired by Sir Philip Sidney as a major contribution to the development of English literature and national culture.
• His epic poem, The Faerie Queene, was written in honor of Queen Elizabeth I and in celebration of the Tudor dynasty.
• Among Spenser’s many contributions to English literature, he is the originator and namesake of the Spenserian stanza and the Spenserian sonnet.
• He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of nascent Modern English verse and is often considered one of the greatest poets in the English language.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is an ‘a morning love poem’.

Key Points

• “The Good Morrow” or “a morning love poem” is written by the English poet John Donne, and published in his 1633 collection Songs and Sonnets.
• In it, the speaker describes love as a profound experience that's almost like a religious epiphany.
• "The Good Morrow" is written from the point of view of a waking lover and describes the lover's thoughts as he wakes next to his partner.
• The lover's musings move from discussing sensual love to spiritual love as he realizes that, with spiritual love, the couple is liberated from fear and the need to seek adventure.
• The poem claims that erotic love can produce the same effects that religion can.
• Through love, the speaker’s soul awakens; because of love, the speaker abandons the outside world; in love, the speaker finds immortality.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is ‘Andrew Marvell’.

Key Points

• In the poem “A Dialogue Between the Soul and Body” Andrew Marvell describes the conflict between the human body and the human Soul, each attributing its troubles and sufferings to the other.
• The Soul feels that it is a prisoner inside the Body while the Body feels that the Soul is a tyrant imposing all kinds of restraints and restrictions upon the Body.
• The Soul wishes that the Body should die so that the Soul can go back to heaven, its original abode.
• The Body, in turn, holds the Soul responsible for all the sins that the Body commits.
• All sins, says the Body, are the results of the many conflicting emotions which the Soul experiences.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "Four."

Key Points

• "Paradise Regained" by John Milton has four books.
• It was originally printed in 1671.
• Samson Agonistes, the closet drama produced by the poet, was also included in this collection.

Therefore, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Paradise Regained contains similarities in theological topics with Milton's earlier work, Paradise Lost.

The correct answer is "English, Latin, Greek."

Key Points

• George Herbert composed his poetry in Greek, Latin, and English.
• George Herbert was an English poet, orator, and Church of England priest who lived from April 3,1593 to March 1, 1633.
• He is known as one of the well known British religious lyricists, and his poetry is connected to the works of the metaphysical poets.

Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• He was raised primarily in England after being born in Wales to an affluent and artistic household.
• He advised his close companion Nicholas Ferrar to destroy the poems if he didn't think they would turn to the good of any 'forlorn miserable creature'.

The correct answer is "celebration of his wedding."

Key Points

• Edmund Spenser composed an ode called Epithalamion for his bride, Elizabeth Boyle, in 1594.
• In 1595, William Ponsonby published it for the first time in London as a chapter in a book named Amoretti and Epithalamion.
• Anacreontics and the Epithalamion, a collection of brief poems that served as a public literary commemoration of marriage, appeared in the anthology together with the series of 89 sonnets by Amoretti.

Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The ode opens with a plea to the Muses to assist the groom while tracing the events of the beautiful wedding day ; from Spenser's restless moments prior to dawn while longing for his wife to awaken to the late-night hours after Spenser and Boyle were wed.

The correct answer is "cloth maker."

Key Points

• Edmund Spenser's father, John Spenser, was a cloth maker.
• Edmund Spenser, an English poet, is renowned for his epic poem and fanciful allegory, The Faerie Queene, which celebrated the Tudor dynasty and reign of Elizabeth I.
• Spenser has been thought to have come from Lancashire, where he had been linked with notable local residents, one of whom was thought to be Robert Nowell.

Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• "The Shepherd's Calendar" is the first major work by Edmund Spenser, published in 1579.

The correct answer is "1596."

Key Points

• Prothalamion, also known as "A Spousall Verse in Honour of the Double Marriage of Ladie Elizabeth and Ladie Katherine Somerset," is written by Edmund Spenser, published in 1596.
• Edmund Spenser is one of England's most significant Tudor poets.
• The poem was published as a matrimonial song for the wedding of the Earl of Worcester's daughters, Elizabeth Somerset to Sir Henry Guildford and Katherine Somerset to William Petre, 2^nd Baron Petre.

Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The poem opens with an account of the river Thames, where Spenser encounters two lovely maidens.

The correct answer is "twelve."

Key Points

• The Shepheardes Calendar by Edmund Spenser consists of twelve eclogues.
• Spenser began writing the said collection of pastorals at the start of his career in imitation of Virgil's work, the Eclogues.
• The title, like the rest of the work, is composed  intentionally in archaic translations to imply a link to medieval literature, specifically Geoffrey Chaucer.

Therefore, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The poem unveils Colin Clout, a folk persona created by John Skelton, and follows him across the year as a shepherd.

The correct answer is "George Herbert."

Key Points

• George Herbert was known as the 'Saint' of metaphysical Poetry.
• He was an English poet of the seventeenth century, best known for his profoundly spiritual lyricism in simple, direct speech.
• Herbert, like John Donne and Andrew Marvell, was a metaphysical poet who prevented liberal love songs in favour of truthful, sacred worship.
• The Temple, The Country Parson, and Jacula Prudentum are some of his notable

Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Richard Crashaw was a 17^th-century English poet, educator, and Roman Catholic who rose to become a major metaphysical poet of his era.
• Henry Vaughan was a Welsh metaphysical poet, writer, and translator who wrote in English. His religious poetry first emerged in Silex Scintillans in 1650, followed by a second book in the series in 1655.
• Andrew Marvell was an English metaphysical poet and satirist who also worked in the House of Commons from 1659 to 1678.

The correct answer is "his courtship and eventual marriage to Elizabeth Boyle."

Key Points

• Edmund Spenser wrote the Amoretti sonnet cycle in the 16^th century. His relationship and ultimate wedding to Elizabeth Boyle are depicted in the work.
• William Ponsonby first published Amoretti in London in 1595.
• The sonnet was published as part of a book called Amoretti and Epithalamion.

Therefore, Option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Amoretti's sonnets are heavily influenced by Petrarchan authors, most notably Torquato Tasso and Petrarch.

The correct answer is "The Shephaerdes Calender."

Key Points

• The Shephaerdes Calender is Edmund Spenser's first poetic work.
• It was first published in 1579.
• Spenser authored this collection of pastorals at the start of his career in imitation of Virgil's, The Eclogues.

Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Edmund Spenser wrote The Faerie Queene, which was first published in 1590-1596. The work is an English epic poem.
• Spenser wrote the sonnet cycle Amoretti in the 16^th century.
• The sonnet depicts his relationship and subsequent wedding to Elizabeth Boyle.
• Epithalamion  is written by Edmund Spenser specifically for his bride.

The correct answer is "Astrophel."

Key Points

• Edmund Spenser wrote the poem Astrophel: A Pastorall Elegy upon the Death of the Most Noble and Valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney.
• It was written as a memorial to Sir Philip Sidney, who died in 1586, and was devoted to the most wonderful and vertuous Ladie, the Countesse of Essex, Frances Walsingham, Sidney's late wife.
• William Ponsonby published Astrophel in his book Colin Clouts Come Home Againe in 1595.

Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Edmund Spenser wrote the English epic poem The Faerie Queene. Books I-III of the poem were first released in 1590, then reissued with books IV-VI in 1596.
• Edmund Spenser wrote the sonnet cycle Amoretti in 16^th century. His relationship with Elizabeth Boyle and ultimately wedding are depicted in the cycle.
• Epithalamium is written exclusively for his bride by Edmund Spenser as she walks towards her chamber on her wedding day.

The correct answer is "Queen Elizabeth."

Key Points

• The Faerie Queene  was written by Edmund Spenser in honor of Queen Elizabeth.
• It is remarkable for its form: with over 36,000 lines and more than 4,000 stanzas.
• It is one of the longest poems in English; it also happens to be the work wherein Spenser originally created the Spenserian stanza.

Therefore, Option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• On a symbolic level, the poem portrays several knights to evaluate multiple qualities, while the message is mainly an allusive work.

The correct answer is "Upon The Hill and Grove At Bill-Borow."

Key Points

• Andrew Marvell describes a natural retreat for Fairfax after his retirement in his poem "Upon The Hill and Grove At Bill -Borow."
• The poem is in a form of a letter addressed to Lord Fairfax. The poem praises hills and forests for their beauty.
• The grove is said to be so lovely that it appears that the world was built by it, and the hill is said to rise in a flawless hemisphere.
• Andrew Marvell was a metaphysical poet and satirist who also served in the House of Commons from 1659 to 1678.
• His poems range from the love song "To His Coy Mistress" to the enchantments of an aristocratic nation's home and backyard in "Upon Appleton House."

Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer,

Additional Information

• "To His Coy Mistress" is written in metaphysical form by Andrew Marvell, an English author, and politician, shortly before the English Interregnum.
• Andrew Marvell's "The Garden" is among the most famous and widely read English poems of the seventeenth century. This poem was first released in Miscellaneous Poems. It was published in 1681 by Robert Boulter.

The correct answer is "1700."

Key Points

• John Dryden lived from August 1631 to May 1700.
• John Dryden was an English critic, writer, and playwright who became England's first Poet Laureate in 1668.
• He is regarded as having dominated the literary time of the Restoration in England to the moment when the period became recognized as the Age of Dryden.
• Dryden swiftly distinguished himself as the preeminent poet and critic of his time.

Therefore, Option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Sir Walter Scott referred to him as "Glorious John."

The correct answer is "1668."

Key Points

• John Dryden was made Poet Laureate in 1668.
• Dryden belonged to the Northamptonshire village rectory of Aldwincle, near Thrapston.
• Dryden was nominated in November 1662 to join the Royal Society and was chosen as an immediate fellow. Dryden was passive in Society matters, nevertheless, and was banished in 1666 for not making payments for his dues.
• He was the firstborn of Erasmus Dryden and his wife, Mary Pickering.

Therefore, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• John Dryden was Jonathan Swift's second cousin once removed.

The correct answer is "Songs of Innocence."

Key Points

• William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience is an accumulation of outlined poems.
• The poem was published in two stages, and Blake himself published and outlined a few first printouts of the poem in 1789 and later in 1794.
• He confined the poems in 1794 with a collection of fresh poems in a collection titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul.

Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Alexander Pope wrote The Rape of the Lock, a mock-heroic narrative poem, first published in 1712.
• The Dunciad is a seminal, mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope and released in three editions from 1728 to 1743.
• An Essay on Criticism serves as one of the most famous and major of English writer Alexander Pope's poems, published in 1711.

The correct answer is Milton.

Key Points

• The language of Hyperion is very similar to Milton's in metre and style.
• But his characters are quite different.
• Although Apollo falls into the image of the "Son" from Paradise Lost and of "Jesus" from Paradise Regained, he does not directly confront Hyperion as Satan is confronted.
• Also, the roles are reversed.

          Thus, 'option 1' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• Hyperion is a fragment is an abandoned epic poem by 19^th-century English Romantic poet John Keats.
• It is based on the Titanomachia, and tells of the despair of the Titans after their fall to the Olympians.

The correct answer is Political Allegory.

Key Points

• Absalom and Achitophel is generally acknowledged as the finest political satire in the English language.
• It is also described as an allegory regarding contemporary political events and a mock heroic narrative.
• It is a celebrated satirical poem by John Dryden, written in heroic couplets and first published in 1681.

           Thus, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• A political allegory is a story or painting that, on the surface, tells one tale, but has a hidden political meaning underneath.
• It is an extended metaphor that often uses a simple substitution of one element or symbol for another.

The correct answer is Alexander Pope.

Key Points

• Pope is considered as the greatest poet of the Classical period.
• He is known as 'Prince of classicism' as Prof. Etton calls him.
• He followed the ancient Greek and Roman poets.
• He also followed “Nature” which according to him was synonymous with 'Reason.”
• In his poem Essay on Criticism” he laid down principles of literary tastes and style.
• Obviously, these tastes and style were to be classical rather than Romantic.

Thus, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 800.

Key Points

• Ezra Pound's colossal work of modernist poetry, The Cantos, runs to nearly 800 pages.
• He took him over half his life to write and even then he never finished it.
• It is a long, incomplete poem in 120 sections, each of which is a canto.

          Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• The Cantos is generally considered one of the most significant works of modernist poetry in the 20^th century.
• As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to the work's content.

The correct answer is John Donne. 

Key Points

• John Donne was born in 1572 in London, England.
• He is known as the founder of the Metaphysical Poets, a term created by Samuel Johnson.
• Donne was the most influential Metaphysical poet.
• His personal relationship with spirituality is at the center of most of his work, and the psychological analysis and sexual realism of his work marked a dramatic departure from traditional, genteel verse.

          Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• The term Metaphysical poets was coined by the critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of 17^th-century English poets whose work was characterised by the inventive use of conceits and by a greater emphasis on the spoken rather than lyrical quality of their verse.

The correct answer is 1649.

Key Points

• While at Westminster, Dryden published his first verses, an elegy "Upon the Death of Lord Hastings" in Lachrymæ Musarum in 1649.
• It was published in Volume 1 Poems.
• This poem has minimal political significance.
• Dryden does not develop the idea that Hastings's death was caused by the execution of the king.
• It is, however, true that Dryden elaborates the lament for Hastings in imagery that defines the state of English political institutions in 1649.

          Therefore, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Venus and Adonis.

Key Points

• Venus and Adonis is a narrative poem by William Shakespeare published in 1593.
• It is probably Shakespeare's first publication.
• The poem tells the story of Venus, the goddess of Love- of her unrequited love and of her attempted seduction of Adonis, an extremely handsome young man, who would rather go hunting.
• It shows the close connection between love and pain, the powerful effects of passion and the relationship between the immortal and mortal, human and mythology.

           Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• L'Allegro is a pastoral poem by John Milton published in his 1645 Poems.
• Epitaphium Damonis is Milton's lament for his friend Charles Diodati.
• Lycidas is a poem by John Milton, written in 1637 as a pastoral elegy. It first appeared in a 1638 collection of elegies, Justa Edouardo King Naufrago, dedicated to the memory of Edward King, a friend of Milton at Cambridge.

The correct answer is Icarus.

Key Points

• The Icarus' image is used in the opening passage to characterize the fall of Faustus.
• Icarus was a figure in classical mythology who because of his pride had soared too high in the sky, had melted his wax wings, and subsequently had fallen to his death.
• In the opening of the scene, Faustus reviews the most important intellectual fields of endeavor and feels that he has mastered these areas so completely that there is nothing left for him.

          Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• In Doctor Faustus,  Marlowe retells the story of Faust, the doctor-turned-necromancer, who makes a pact with the devil in order to obtain knowledge and power.
• Both Doctor Faustus and Mephistopheles, who is the devil's intermediary in the play, are subtly and powerfully portrayed.

The correct answer is 1709.

Key Points

• Pope's Pastorals were among his first published poems, appearing in the sixth part of Jacob Tonson's Poetical Miscellanies, on 2 May 1709.
• His literary career took off when he published his Pastorals in 1709.
• They were his first works that were noticed by the public.
• He wrote the "Pastorals" in 1704 at the age of 16.

          Thus, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 1688.

Key Points

• Alexander Pope was born on 21 May 1688 in London, United Kingdom.
• He was born during the year of the Glorious Revolution.
• He was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18^th century.
• He was mostly educated at Catholic schools, until 1700 when the family was forced by anti-Catholic sentiment to settle in Berkshire, outside London, and the young Pope resumed his education privately.

          Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is An Essay on Criticism.

Key Points

• An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope.
• It was published in 1711.
• It is the source of the famous quotations "To err is human; to forgive, divine", "A little learning is a dang'rous thing", and "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread".
• The poem seeks to introduce and demonstrate the ideals of poetry and teach critics how to avoid doing harm to poetry.

          Therefore, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Collected Poems.

Key Points

• Wallace Stevens won The Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1955 for his 'The Collected Poems'.
• He was awarded the Bollingen Prize in Poetry of the Yale University Library for 1949.
• In 1951, he won the National Book Award in Poetry for The Auroras of Autumn.
• In 1955, he won it a second time for The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens, which was also awarded the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry in 1955.

          Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• ​Wallace Stevens is one of America's most respected 20^th century poets.
• He was a master stylist, employing an extraordinary vocabulary and a rigorous precision in crafting his poems.

The correct answer is Annus Mirabilis.

Key Points

• Annus Mirabilis is a poem written by John Dryden published in 1667.
• It commemorated 1665–1666, the "year of miracles" of London.
• Despite the poem's name, the year had been one of great tragedy, including the Great Fire of London.
• The title was perhaps meant to suggest that the events of the year could have been worse.

           Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• Dryden's longest poem to date, Annus Mirabilis was a celebration of two victories by the English fleet over the Dutch and the Londoners' survival of the Great Fire of 1666.
• In this work, Dryden was once again gilding the royal image and reinforcing the concept of a loyal nation united under the best of kings.

The correct answer is Famous Sculptor.

Key Points

• Shaw took his title from the ancient Greek legend of the famous sculptor named Pygmalion.
• Pygmalion, who could find nothing good in women and as a result, he resolved to live out his life unmarried.
• However, he carved a statue out of ivory that was so beautiful and so perfect that he fell in love with his own creation.

          Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• Pygmalion, romance in five acts by George Bernard Shaw, produced in German in 1913 in Vienna.
• It was performed in England in 1914, with Mrs. Patrick Campbell as Eliza Doolittle.

The correct answer is The primitiveness that every person possesses in their mind and heart.

Key Points

• Heart of Darkness is a novella by Polish-English novelist Joseph Conrad in which the sailor Charles Marlow tells his listeners the story of his assignment as steamer captain for a Belgian company in the African interior.
• The phrase 'Heart of Darkness' refers to the inmost region of Africa and the black people who still led primitive lives.
• It refers to the primitiveness that every person possesses in their mind and heart.

          Therefore, 'option 3' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• Heart of Darkness examines the horrors of Western colonialism, depicting it as a phenomenon that tarnishes not only the lands and peoples it exploits but also those in the West who advance it.

The correct answer is An Essay of Dramatic Poesy.

Key Points

• John Dryden's Essay of Dramatic Poesy was likely written in 1666 during the Great Plague of London and published in 1668.
• It deals with the views of major critics and the tastes of men and women of the time of Dryden.
• This work is in the form of semi-drama thus making abstract theories interesting.
• In the late 17^th century, Shakespeare was severely criticised for his careless attitude towards the mixing of genres.

          Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• John Dryden is rightly considered as “the father of English Criticism”.
• He was the first to teach the English people to determine the merit of composition upon principles.
• With Dryden, a new era of criticism began.

The correct answer is The Triumph of Life.

Key Points

• The Triumph of Life was the last major work by Percy Bysshe Shelley before his death in 1822.
• The work was left unfinished.
• Shelley wrote the poem at Casa Magni in Lerici, Italy in the early summer of 1822.

           Therefore, 'option 2' s the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• The theme of the poem The Triumph of Life is an exploration of the nature of being and reality.

The correct answer is P.B.Shelley.

Key Points

• A Vindication of Natural Diet, A Refutation of Deism, The Necessity of Atheism are written by P B Shelley.
• Percy Bysshe Shelley is one of great English poets, known for his lyrical and epic verse.
• He was part of a group of poets and writers from Lord Byron to his own wife Mary Shelley whose writing has become part of the English canon.

          Thus, 'option 1' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• A Vindication of Natural Diet is an 1813 book by Percy Bysshe Shelley on vegetarianism and animal rights.
• The Necessity of Atheism is an essay on atheism by the English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, printed in 1811 by Charles and William Phillips in Worthing while Shelley was a student at University College, Oxford.

The correct answer is On Melancholy.

Key Points

• In 1819, John Keats wrote five of his most famous “odes.”
• These odes included “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” “Ode on Indolence,” “Ode on Melancholy,” “Ode to a Nightingale,” and “Ode to Psyche.”
• “Ode on Melancholy” one of the shortest of Keats's odes, is written in a very regular form that matches its logical, argumentative thematic structure.
• Each stanza is ten lines long and metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter.

          Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• An ode is a formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that addresses and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Keats is one of the greatest masters of this form of poetry.
• In fact, his Odes are decidedly the best of his poetry.
• It is in his odes that Keats achieves that maturity, that ripeness, that sureness of touch, that mastery of form.

The correct answer is Eugene O'Neill.

Key Points

• In 1936, Eugene O'Neill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the only American playwright to be so honored.
• He was the first American dramatist to regard the stage as a literary medium and the only American playwright ever to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.
• During the selection process in 1936, the Nobel Committee for Literature decided that none of the year's nominations met the criteria as outlined in the will of Alfred Nobel.

          Thus, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

the correct answer is  A, B, C, D.

Key Points

• "Ozymandias" is a sonnet written by the English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. It was first published in the 11 January 1818 issue of The Examiner of London.
• "Ode to the West Wind" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 in Cascine wood near Florence, Italy.
• "To a Skylark" is a poem completed by Percy Bysshe Shelley in late June 1820 and published accompanying his lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound by Charles and James Ollier in London.
• Adonais: An Elegy on the Death of John Keats is a pastoral elegy written by Percy Bysshe Shelley for John Keats in 1821 and widely regarded as one of Shelley's best and best-known works.

           Therefore, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Marianne Moore.

Key Points

• Marianne Craig Moore was an American modernist poet, critic, translator and editor.
• Her poetry is noted for formal innovation, precise diction, irony and wit.
• Moore was involved in the American suffrage movement starting in her university years at Bryn Mawr, from 1905 to 1909.
• She also belonged to the American Modernist movement.

           Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Chinua Achebe.

Key Points

• Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe.
• It was first published in 1958.
• It depicts pre-colonial life in the southeastern part of Nigeria and the invasion by Europeans during the late 19^th century.
• Achebe's primary purpose of writing the novel is because he wants to educate his readers about the value of his culture as an African.

          Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer.​ 

Additional Information

• Chinua Achebe is most famous for his novel Things Fall Apart, published in 1958, which tells the story of an Igbo village's reaction to British missionaries and colonial authorities.
• In 1960 Achebe published a sequel called No Longer at Ease.

The correct answer is A.B.Paterson.

Key Points

• Waltzing Matilda, which is known as the unofficial national song of Australia, could be considered a poem.
• It was originally written by Australian 'Banjo' Paterson as lyrics for a particular piece of music called The Craigielee March,' but the song is also classified as a 'bush ballad.
• It is an Australia bush ballad about a poor man, who is caught stealing a sheep and drowns while trying to escape.
• The term 'Waltzing Matilda' means to walk from place to place searching for work.
• Banjo Paterson wrote the lyrics to Waltzing Matilda and Christina Macpherson composed the music.

          Thus, 'option 2' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson was an Australian bush poet, journalist and author.
• He wrote many ballads and poems about Australian life, focusing particularly on the rural and outback areas,

The correct answer is Chokher Bali.

Key Points

• Chokher Bali is a 1903 Bengali novel by Rabindranath Tagore.
• It depicts the life of the central character, Binodini and her relationships with three individuals.
• Rabindranath Tagore's Chokher Bali was translated in English as "Binodini by Krishna Kripalini.
• It is often referred to as India's first modern novel, where he highlighted the issues of women's education, child marriage and the treatment of widows in the 19^th and 20^th century Bengal.

          Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is an enchantress, half woman and half snake.

Key Points

• Lamia, the serpent-turned-woman, while in her serpent state, had the power to send her spirit wherever she wished.
• She seems to say that passionate love is an illusion and an enchantment, ultimately destructive.
• Lamia is not entitled to human love because she is not human, she is a serpent.
• She is an enchantress, half woman and half snake.
• She has deceived Lycius.

           Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• "Lamia" is a narrative poem written by the English poet John Keats, which first appeared in the volume Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St Agnes and Other Poems, published in July 1820.

The correct answer is O Solitude.

Key Points

• The first poem of John Keats is sonnet O Solitude.
• His first poem appeared in the Examiner in May 1816.
• It describes how a speaker intends to deal with inventible solitude by escaping to a natural wilderness.
• He  begins this early sonnet, written when he was just 19 years old, by talking, almost paradoxically, of dwelling with solitude.

          Thus, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey.

Key Points

• The Lake Poets were a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England, United Kingdom, in the first half of the nineteenth century.
• William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey are known as Lake poets.
• They all represent the first generation of English romantic poets.
• They were a group of artists who established the ideological foundation that would guide English Romanticism in its early stages.

          Thus, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Kamala Das.

Key Points

• Kamala Surayya, popularly known by her one-time pen name Madhavikutty and married name Kamala Das, was an Indian poet in English as well as an author in Malayalam from Kerala, India.
• She is best remembered for her controversial writings where she openly talks about the restriction imposed on women.
• She is known for her rebellious nature against the patriarchal conventions.
• She is the renowned Indian writer, wrote poetry and prose both in her mother tongue, Malayalam, and in English.

           Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer. 

Additional Information

• The poem, 'The Descendants', by Kamala Das is coloured with nihilism and shows that decadence is irrevocable and there is no possibility of any redemption.
• 'Summer in Calcutta' poetically presents her sincere autobiographical exploration of womanhood and love coupled with eroticism.
• 'The Old Playhouse' is one of the finest lyrics of Kamala Das. She expresses her protagonist tries to explore the nature of true love in this poem.

The correct answer is Phonology.

Key Points

• Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize their sounds or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.
• The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety.
• It is also defined as the study of sound patterns and their meanings, both within and across languages.