DSSSB PGT Chemistry (Female) Official Paper (Held On: 18 Jul, 2021 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic follows here is:

​

Hence, the correct answer is "LOR".

The arrangement of all the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below:

The two letters J and A are common in five words, so we will start arranging the word from the third letter as per alphabetical order.

3. Jackal
4. Jackpot
5. Jaggery
6. Jaguar
7. Jangler

Hence, the correct answer is "34125​".

The logic followed here is:

'Guava', 'Muskmelon', and 'Litchi' are all fruits.

Whereas,

The 'Cabbage' is a vegetable. Thus, it is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "Cabbage".

The logic follows here is:

1) Pen : Pencil 

→ Either a Pen or a pencil is used to write something.

2) Fork : Chopstick

→ Either a Fork or a Chopstick is used to eat food.

3) Scooty : Bike

→ Either a Scooty or a Bike is used to travel.

whereas,

4) Bread : Butter

→ Both Bread and Butter are used together as a food.

Thus, Bread : Butter is different from the rest. 

Hence, the correct answer is " Bread : Butter".

The logic is:

• India : Peacock

→ The peacock is the National bird of India.

Similarly,

• Russia : Eagle

→ The eagle is the National bird of Russia.

Hence, the correct answer is "Eagle".

The logic follows here is,

• Biryani : Rice​

​→ The Biryani is made using Rice.

similarly,

• Paper : Tree

→ The Paper is made using a Tree.

Hence, the correct answer is "Paper : Tree"

The logic follows here is:

• TELEGRAPH is coded as ELETGHPAR

Similarly

• NOMINAL be coded

Hence, the correct answer is "MONILAN".

The logic follows here is:

As per the question, Mobile is used to send a message.

But, here 'mobile' is called as 'tube light'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Tube light".

Given:

In a certain code language,

If A @ B means 'A is the mother of B';

'A $ B' means 'A is the husband of B';

'A # B' means 'A is the sister of B';

'A * B' means 'A is the son of B'.

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree:

On checking each option:

1) M @ G # H * O 

M is the mother of G. G is the sister of H. H is the son of O.

2. M @ G * H # O

M is the mother of G. G is the son of H. H is the sister of O.

3) M # G * H $ O

M is the sister of G. G is the son of H. H is the husband of O.

M is the daughter of O.

4) M # G @ H * O 

M is the sister of G. G is the mother of H. H is the son of O.

Hence, the correct answer is " M # G * H $ O".

As per the given information,

Seven friends Ashish, Babita, Chandan, Dixit, Elizabeth, Faisal and Gagan sit on the top of a plateau facing east.

• Babita is at one of the extreme ends and Elizabeth is her neighbour.
• Dixit is sitting third from the south end.

• Chandan is on the immediate right of Dixit.

Case II will be eliminated as it ocntradicts the above condition.

• Gagan is between Elizabeth and Faizal.

Clearly, Ashish and Babita are sitting at the extreme ends.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ashish and Babita".

Statement I: All tube lights are fans.

Statement II: All fans are bulbs.

Statement III: All bulbs are clocks.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows:

Conclusion I: All tube lights are clocks.→ True (Because 'All tube lights are fans', 'All fans are bulbs', and ' All bulbs are clocks', so it is true)

Conclusion II: Some clocks are fans → True (Because ''All fans are bulbs' and 'All bulbs are clocks', so it is true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Both I and II follows".

Statement: Dixit's advice to Farhan-"Go to Kolkata via Jharkhand-the shortest route".

Assumptions:

I. Farhan wishes to go to Kolkata.

→ Dixit has advised the router to Kolkata. This means that Farhan wishes to go to Kolkata. So, I is implicit.

II. Dixit gives advice to everyone.

→ In the given statement Dixit advises Farhan only. Thus, II is not implicit.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only I is implicit".

Given Series: 48, 96, 24, _____, 12

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "48".

The logic follows here is,

(First number ÷ 2)² = (Second number)

• 54 ∶ 729

→ (54 ÷ 2)² = (27)²= 729 = second number.

Similarly,

• 24 ∶ ?

→ (24 ÷ 2)2 = (12)2​= 144 = second number.

Hence, the correct answer is "144".

Given: Uncle, Grandfather, Male

The venn diagram that best represents 'Uncle, Grandfather, Male' will be:

• Uncle can be Grandfather and Grandfather can be uncle also.
• Both Uncle and Grandfather are Male.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2".

Given: Laptops, Mobiles, Electronics 

The venn diagram that best represents 'Laptops, Mobiles, Electronics' will be:

• Both Mobile and Laptops are Electronics gadgets
• But Mobile and Laptops are different from each other.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2".

As per the information:

When the question figure is merged with the figure in option (2), the complete figure can be seen as:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

The logic follows here is:

The figure has five lines. Each line is rotation 180° in clockwise direction in each successive figure from right to left.

So, the figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below :

Thus, the figure in option (2) will be the next image for the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (2)".

The logic follows here is:

There is a pattern in which unfolded dice occur opposite to each other.

Two opposite faces are never together or adjacent to each other.

Now,

option (1) → 1 and 4 are opposite to each other not adjacent. Thus, it cannot be made.

option (2) → 1, 3, and 5 are adjacent to each other. Thus, it can be made.

option (3) → 2, 4, and 6 are adjacent to each other. Thus, it can be made.

option (4) → 2, 3, and 4 are adjacent to each other. Thus, it can be made.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

Thelogic follows here is,

The reflection of the figure in the water appears by inverting the figure vertically i.e. upside down.

Thus the correct water image of the given figure is :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information

In Mirror image left side and right side changed vice-versa where top and bottom remain same.

Reflection of an object into the water is its water image. It appears by inverting an object vertically i.e. upside down.

The water image of the figure looks like mirror image of the figure in case the mirror is horizontally at the bottom of the figure.

Water image is just a reflection where top and bottom part of the images changed where left and right side of the image remain same.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key PointsHattari:

• Hattari dance is a folk dance done mainly by Kodavas in Kodagu.
• The dance is performed by wearing a Kodava outfit with fancy knives.
• Huttari is also known as Puttari.
• Puttari is said to have been derived from the words Pudiya Arisi meaning the new rice.
• It is a harvest festival celebrated during November or December.

Additional InformationOther folk dances of Karnataka: 

• Dollu Kunita
• Togalu Gombeyata
• Veeragaase
• Kamsale
• Goravara Kunita etc.

The correct answer Sheesh Mahal in Punjab.

Key Points

The Sheesh Mahal:

• It is a famous tourist place in Patiala.
• Maharaja Narinder Singh built this Mahal in 1847.
• The design and the decoration of the palace was chosen by Maharaja Narinder Singh to a large extent.
• One section of Sheesh Mahal is decorated with colored glass and mirror work and it is also known as ‘Palace of Mirrors’.
• It is situated behind the MotiBagh Palace.
• It is a triple-storey building.
• There is a bridge across the artificial lake in the center of the palace.
• This bridge is known as Lakshman Jhoola.

Additional InformationPatiala:

• It s a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India.
• It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district.
• Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Fortunate Castle').
• Which is constructed by the Sidhu Jat Sikh chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

The correct answer is Custom Duty on solar lanterns increased from 5% to 10%.

Key Points

• In Union Budget 2021 - 22 government increased the custom duty on solar lanterns from 5% to 15%.

Additional Information

• Highlights of the budget 2021-22
• ​Rs. 2,23,846 crore outlay for Health and well-being in 2021-22 as against Rs. 94,452 crores in 2020-21 an increase of 137%.
• Rs. 35,000 crores for COVID-19 vaccine in 2021-22.
• Rs. 64,180 crore outlay over 6 years for PM AtmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana.
• Rs. 2,87,000 crore over 5 years for Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban) - to be launched with an aim to provide:
• 2.86 crore household tap connections.
• Universal water supply in all 4,378 Urban Local Bodies.
• Liquid waste management in 500 AMRUT cities.
• Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) scheme, in addition to PLI.
• 7 Textile Parks to be established over 3 years.
• Under the Rs. 5.35 lakh crore Bharatmala Pariyojana, more than 13,000 km length of roads worth Rs. 3.3 lakh crore was awarded for construction.
• To increase the permissible FDI limit from 49% to 74% and allow foreign ownership and control with safeguards.
• Agricultural credit target enhanced to Rs. 16.5 lakh crore in FY22 - animal husbandry, dairy, and fisheries to be the focus areas.
• Rural Infrastructure Development Fund to be enhanced to Rs. 40,000 crores from Rs. 30,000 crores.
• To double the Micro Irrigation Fund to Rs. 10,000 crores.
• ‘Operation Green Scheme’ to be extended to 22 perishable products, to boost value addition in agriculture and allied products.

The correct answer is Seven

Key Points

• Mobile Money Identifier (MMID) is a seven-digit number, issued by banks for effecting financial transactions through the user’s mobile phone.
• The user’s mobile number MMID is uniquely linked with his bank account number and is one of the key inputs to facilitate fund transfer.
• MMID falls under the umbrella of mobile banking.
• There are 3 ways of generating an MMID:

1. Mobile Banking
2. Net Banking
3. Phone Banking

• In present times, many payment methods have become quite popular. NEFT and RTGS have been the talk of online payment transactions.
• ​However, they have their share of limitations, which keeps a bank user from availing those services during certain days and hours.
• For this reason, the concept of IMPS was introduced for conducting online digital transactions, The MMID and the mobile number would enable conducting such transactions through IMPS but without sharing the bank account number of an account holder.
• Use of MMID code and pin:  An MMID code is used to receive a payment of money through mobile banking whereas an MPIN is used to make a payment to another bank account holder using mobile banking.
• The benefit of MMID: The major benefit of the MMID Code lies in the fact that it can be used easily by any bank account holder to transfer funds instantly.

Additional Information

• Mobile Banking: It refers to the use of a mobile device to carry out financial transactions anywhere.
• ​This service is provided by majorly all financial institutions, especially banks.
• Mobile banking enables customers to carry out various transactions, which may vary depending upon institutions.
• Mobile banking services can be categorized into, account information, transaction, investment, support service, content, and news.
• It can be done either through the internet or SMS.
• In 2002 mobile banking was started in India by a way through SMS.

The correct answer is Monera.

Key Points

• The Monera Kingdom is classified into three sub-kingdoms- Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Cyanobacteria.
• Blue-green algae are cyanobacteria.
• They are found in the aquatic region.
• Characteristics of Monera-
• These are unicellular organisms.
• They reproduce asexually by binary fission or budding.
• It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, etc.

Additional Information

• Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms.
• Fungi store their food in the form of starch.
• Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants.
• They reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation or sexually.
• They make their own food hence are called autotrophs.
• Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.
• Most protists live in water, damp terrestrial environments, or even as parasites.

The correct answer is Graham's Law.

Key Points

• Graham's law states that the rates of diffusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
• This means that a gas with a lower molar mass will diffuse more quickly than a gas with a higher molar mass.
• For example, hydrogen (H2) has a molar mass of 2.016 g/mol, while oxygen (O2) has a molar mass of 32.000 g/mol.
• This means that hydrogen will diffuse 4.5 times faster than oxygen at the same temperature and pressure.
• Graham's law can be used to calculate the rate of diffusion of a gas.
• The formula for Graham's law is: r = k * √(M)
• Where:
• r is the rate of diffusion
• k is a constant
• M is the molar mass of the gas
• The value of k can be determined experimentally.
• Graham's law is a useful tool for understanding the behaviour of gases.
• It can be used to predict how gases will diffuse, and it can be used to calculate the rate of diffusion of a gas.

Additional Information

• Tyndall's Law states that the scattering of a beam of light by particles in a medium is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength of light.
• This means that shorter wavelengths of light are scattered more easily than longer wavelengths.
• Pascal's Law states that pressure exerted anywhere in an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid.
• This means that if you increase the pressure at one point in a fluid, the pressure will increase at all points in the fluid.
• Kepler's Laws are three laws that describe the motion of planets around the sun.
• The first law states that planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits.
• The second law states that the speed of a planet is greatest when it is closest to the sun and least when it is farthest from the sun.
• The third law states that the square of the period of a planet's orbit is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

The correct answer is Alluvial Soil.

Key Points

• Soils are complex mixtures of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things.
• Soils are formed as a result of weathering of rocks.
• Different regions of India have different types of soils.
• Each soil has unique properties and characteristics.

Thus, alluvial soil covers the largest area in India.

The correct answer is Mahanadi.

Key Points

• River Mahanadi originates from Sihawa Mountain near a village in Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
• The Mahanadi River system is the third largest in peninsular India after Godavari and Krishna, and the largest river in Odisha state.
• The Mahanadi (“Great River”) follows a total course of 560 miles (900 km) and has an estimated drainage area of 51,000 square miles (132,100 square km).
• The catchment area of the river extends to Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Maharashtra.
• Cuttack is located on the bank of the river Mahanadi.
• Tributaries
• Seonath, Hasdeo, Mand, and Ib join Mahanadi from the left whereas,
• Ong, Tel, and Jonk join it from the right.
• At Sambalpur, the Hirakud Dam on the river (the longest dam in India) has formed a man-made lake 35 miles (55 km) long; the dam has several hydroelectric generators.
• It enters the Odisha plains near Cuttack and enters the Bay of Bengal at False Point by several channels.

Additional Information

Some important Indian towns located on the river bank are as follows:

The correct answer is Kumaragupta -I.

Key Points

• The Gupta Kings were well known for their adoption of pompous titles.
• The Gupta empire was founded by the king Sri Gupta.
• The first two kings of this dynasty- Srigupta and Gatotkacha were satisfied with the title of Maharaja.

Additional Information

• List of the Titles of Gupta Kings:

• Chandra Gupta (I) was the first king of the Gupta empire.
• Gupta Empire’s period is called the golden age of India.
• Samudragupta (330-380 AD) was the successor of Chandragupta (I).
• Samudragupta got the name of Indian Napoleon due to his military achievements.
• Chandragupta (II) (380-415 AD) was the son of Samudragupta.
• The Huns attacked the Gupta Empire at the time of Skandagupta, the successor of Kumargupta and the last illustrious king of the Gupta empire, but were defeated.

The correct answer is 1565

Key Points

• Battle of Talikota:-
• It is also known as the Battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi, was fought on January 23, 1565, between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates (Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda, and Bidar). (Hence option 2 is correct).
• The battle resulted in the defeat of the Vijayanagara Empire and the eventual collapse of the polity.
• The battle was fought at Talikota, about 80 km southeast of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka state, India.
• The Vijayanagara army was led by Rama Raya, the chief minister of the empire, while the allied Deccan sultanates were led by Ali Adil Shah I of Bijapur, Husain Nizam Shah I of Ahmadnagar, Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali of Golconda, and Ali Barid Shah I of Bidar.

Additional Information

• The Vijayanagar Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihar I and his brother Bukka Raya I in Deccan in the wake of the rebellions against Tughluq rule.
• The Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by 4 dynasties:
• Sangama Dynasty
• Saluva Dynasty
• Tuluva Dynasty
• Aravidu Dynasty
• Bukka Raya defeated almost all the southern kingdoms and extended his empire till present day Rameshwaram.
• The Vijayanagara Empire would rule till 1646 with Sriranga III as its final ruler.
• The ruins of The Vijayanagar Empire which surround modern World Heritage site Hampi can be found in Karnataka, India.

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• Lord Dalhousie:
• James Andrew Brown-Ramsay also known as Lord Dalhousie.
• He was the youngest governor-general of India.
• He served as governor-general of India from 1848-1856.
• James Outram was made the British Resident of Awadh in place of Sleeman.
• He said that the administration of Awadh is very corrupt and the condition of the people is very contemplative.
• Outram's report was the basis for the annexation of Awadh.
• Lord Dalhousie annexed the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah on February 13, 1856, accusing him of misrule.
• Apart from Awadh, under the principle of Doctrine of Lapse, the merged territories- Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854), and Karauli (1855).
• The first attempt towards railway construction in India was made by Lord Dalhousie in 1853 AD.
• It was laid between Bombay to Thane at the time of Dalhousie.
• The last expansion of British Indian territory took place during Dalhousie.
• During his tenure, for the first time, a separate public Works Department was created.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Soul

Key Points

• Soul is an analysis of the spiritual journey of every human being, encompassing both philosophical and mature themes under a cover of animated and funny moments
• Director:
• Pete Docter
• Co-Director: Kemp Powers
• Music Director (Composer):
• Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for the score
• Jon Batiste for jazz compositions and arrangements

Additional Information 

• About Academy Award:
• This award is popularly known as Oscar Award. It is given for the Technical and Artistic merit in the Film Industry.
• Academy Award is given annually by the AMPAS (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences), the awards are an International Recognition of Excellence in Cinematic Achievements.
• The Oscar award was originally Design Sketch by Cedric Gibbons and Sculpted by George Stanley. AMPAS first presented its Academy Award at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in the year 1929.
• Winners of 93^rd Academy Awards: (2021)

The correct answer is My Favourite Nature Stories -  Salman Rushdie

Key Points

• My Favourite Nature Stories
• Author: Ruskin Bond
• Writing Career: Over sixty years with over 120 titles including novels, short stories, poetry, essays, anthologies, and books for children.
• First Novel: "The Room on the Roof" which won the John Llewellyn Rhys Award in 1957.
• Book Highlights:
• Collection of stories celebrating nature and small, everyday joys.
• Reflects Bond's deep connection with nature and the outdoors.
• Features simple, elegant prose that captivates readers of all ages.

Additional Information

• A Thousand Splendid Suns​
• Author: Khaled Hosseini, renowned for his debut novel, "The Kite Runner."
• Publication Date: 2007
• Genre: Fiction, Historical Fiction
• Setting: Afghanistan, from the 1960s to the early 2000s.
• Main Themes:
• The resilience and endurance of Afghan women.
• The impact of war and political turmoil on personal lives.
• The power of love, sacrifice, and hope in the face of adversity.
• The Ibis Trilogy
• Author: Amitav Ghosh, an acclaimed Indian author known for his work in English literature.
• Series Title: The Ibis Trilogy
• Books in the Series:

1. "Sea of Poppies" (2008)
2. "River of Smoke" (2011)
3. "Flood of Fire" (2015)

• The Diary of a Young Girl
• Author: Anne Frank
• Original Title: Het Achterhuis (The Secret Annex)
• Publication Date: First published in 1947 in Dutch, posthumously.
• Setting: Amsterdam, Nazi-occupied Netherlands, during World War II (1942-1944).

The correct answer is AX - 1.

Key Points

• NASA and private space infrastructure company Axiom Space have signed an order kickstarting the first private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS).
• The mission, known as Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1), is set to launch from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida no earlier than January 2022.
• The Axiom astronauts will spend eight days on the ISS, and NASA and Axiom will plan joint activities for the private astronauts to conduct with space station crew members and flight controllers.
• In addition, Axiom will buy "services" and supplies for the mission from NASA, including the ability to return scientific samples back to Earth, cargo, storage and crew supplies.
• The Houston, Texas-based company has also contracted the Elon Musk-owned spaceflight company for transportation and the Ax-1 astronauts will travel to the orbital laboratory aboard the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Himachal Pradesh CM Jai Ram Thakur launched the COVID-19 helpline 'Mukhyamantri Sewa Sankalp Helpline 1100' on 6 May 2021 in Shimla.
• It is for facilitating the people regarding COVID-related issues.
• The callers can call from 7 am to 10 pm to seek help regarding COVID-related issues.
• The call executive would register the complaint and contact the concerned authorities to provide help.

Additional Information

• Himachal Pradesh:
• Chief Minister - Thakur Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu. (Jan, 2024)
• Governor - Shiv Pratap Shukla.(Jan, 2024)
• Number of Districts - 12.

The correct answer is Snapdeal.

Key Points

• Snapdeal has opened its platform to help families of patients suffering from covid to connect with potential plasma donors, through its new platform, Sanjeevani.
• The Sanjeevani platform can be accessed via website and mobile app.
• It allows patients and donors to register themselves with their mobile numbers and email IDs, while providing relevant information like blood group, location, etc.

Additional Information

• Founded: In 2010 by Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal.
• Type: Indian e-commerce company.
• Evolution: Transitioned from daily deals to a full online marketplace.
• Investors: Includes SoftBank, Alibaba Group, and Foxconn.
• Competitors: Amazon India and Flipkart.
• Focus: Targets value-conscious consumers with a wide range of affordable products.

The correct answer is Australia.

Key Points

• The joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament in the Indian Constitution is borrowed from the Constitution of Australia.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 13^th.

Key Points

• The Constitution Thirteenth Amendment Act is regarding the formation of the state of Nagaland with special protection under Article 371A.
• Nagaland is the 16^th state of the Indian Union and was established on 1 December 1963.
• It was founded by the 13^th Amendment in 1963.
• It attained statehood with the enactment of the State of Nagaland Act, 1962.
• It was formed by taking the Naga Hills and Tuensang area out of the state of Assam.
• It is surrounded by Myanmar in the East, Arunachal Pradesh in the North, Assam in the West, and Manipur in the South.

Additional Information

• Seventh Amendment Act 1956
• Abolition of Class A, B, C, and D states: The amendment led to the abolition of the previous classification of states into Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D states and reorganized them into 14 states and 6 Union territories.
• High Courts for Union territories: It allowed for the creation of High Courts for Union territories.
• Adjustment of Indian territory: Facilitated adjustment of Indian territory consequent upon agreements with Pakistan.
• Appointment of Governors: Empowered the President of India to appoint the same person as governor for more than one state, aiming at administrative convenience and cost-effectiveness.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• India remained the number one Test side after the update of the ICC team rankings on May 13, 2021.

Additional Information

• The International Cricket Council (ICC), the international governing body of Cricket founded in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia, and South Africa, was initially known as the Imperial Cricket Conference.
• In 1965, it was renamed as International Cricket Conference and in 1965, it was renamed the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1989.
• This council organizes various world championships and tournaments.
• ODI World Cup and T-20 World Cup are world-famous.
• There are 104 member nations.
• Headquarters of ICC - Dubai, UAE
• Motto - Cricket for good
• Chairman - Greg Barclay

The correct answer is Checkmate Covid.

Key Points

The "Checkmate Covid Initiative" by the All India Chess Federation (AICF) was launched as a program aimed at supporting the chess community in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Launch Announcement: The All India Chess Federation announced in May 2021 the initiative in response to the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the chess community in India.
• Objective: To provide financial and medical assistance to chess players, coaches, arbiters, and other stakeholders of the chess community in India who were affected by the pandemic.
• Key Figures and Support: The initiative saw the involvement and support of prominent figures from the chess world, including FIDE President Arkady Dvorkovich, five-time world champion Viswanathan Anand, and others during its launch event.
• Fundraising and Contributions: Through various activities, including simultaneous exhibitions on Chess.com with top Indian players, the initiative successfully raised funds for COVID-19 relief. Over $50,000 was raised with efforts contributing to Red Cross India and the AICF's initiative.
• Total Funds Raised: The initiative had successfully raised a commendable sum of Rs 60 lakh to aid the chess community. Out of this, AICF itself contributed Rs 11 lakh and pledged further support to cover any shortfall$.

Given:

HCF is 1 and LCM is 20

One number is 4

Formula Used:

HCF × LCM = Multiplication of two numbers

Calculation:

Let, the other number is A

According to the formula,

⇒ 1 × 20 = 4 × A

⇒ A = 5

∴ The other number is 5

Shortcut Trick

The ratio of the two numbers is 7 : 9, and one of them is 900.

Since both are whole numbers, 900 must correspond to the 9 ratio parts.

Value of 1 ratio part = 900 ÷ 9 = 100.

The numbers are (7 × 100) = 700 and (9 × 100) = 900.

LCM(700, 900) = 100 × LCM(7, 9) = 100 × 63 = 6300.

∴ The correct answer is 6300.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of the two whole numbers = 7 : 9

One of the given numbers = 900

Concept Used:

If two numbers are in the ratio a : b, we can express them as ax and bx, where x is their common multiplier (HCF).

Calculations:

⇒ Let the two whole numbers be 7x and 9x.

⇒ The given number 900 must be a multiple of its corresponding ratio part to ensure x is a whole number.

⇒ If 7x = 900, x = 900 ÷ 7 (Not a whole number, so rejected).

⇒ Therefore, 9x = 900

⇒ x = 100

⇒ The other number = 7x = 7 × 100 = 700.

⇒ The two given numbers are 700 and 900.

⇒ LCM of 700 and 900 = 100 × LCM(7, 9)

⇒ LCM = 100 × 63 = 6300

∴ The correct answer is 6300.

Additional Information

Product of Two Numbers

The product of the HCF and LCM of any two numbers is always equal to the product of the numbers themselves (a × b = HCF × LCM).

Ratio and HCF

If two numbers are given in the simplest ratio a : b (where a and b are co-prime), the actual numbers are precisely (a × HCF) and (b × HCF).

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are termed co-prime if their HCF is 1. The LCM of two co-prime numbers is simply their direct product.

Given:

 Average height of 12 students increases by 2 inches when 2 students leave this group.

Concept used:

Total sum = Number of students × average 

Calculation:

Let the average height of 12 students is = y inch

Two students leave the group and the average is increases by 2.

So,the average height of  remaining 10 students is = (y + 2) inch

The average height of 2 students who left the group is = y/3 inch 

12y = 10(y + 2) + 2y/3    [ using concept]

⇒ 12y = 10y + 20 + 2y/3

⇒ 2y - 2y/3 = 20

⇒ 4y/3 = 20

⇒ y = 15

The average height of  remaining 10 students is = (y + 2) inch

⇒ (15 + 2) = 17 inch

∴ Average height of the remaining students is 17 inch.

Calculation: 

First student marks on 1^st day and 2^nd day total  = 79 × 2 = 158

Second student marks on 1^st day = 60  

To get ahead of the first student in total across the two exams second student on 2^nd day need marks is given by,

⇒ 158 - 60 + 1 = 99 marks

99 marks of second student on 2^nd day is 20 marks more than first student marks 79.

∴ The correct option is (1).

Given:

A person had enough money to buy = 50 pens = 60 notebooks

If the price of pens increases such that the person can buy = 40 pen

Buy the pens = 20 pens

Calculation:

⇒ 50 P = 60 N

⇒ P : N = 6 : 5

Let, increase the price = y

⇒ 40(6 + y) = 50 × 6

⇒ y = 1.5

But he buys 20 pens

⇒ 20(6 + 1.5) = 150

⇒ Remain = 300 - 150 = 150

⇒ The person can buy notebooks = 150/5 = 30

∴ The correct answer is 30.

Given:

The cost of wheat to a trader = 100 per kg

Earn profit = 30%

Calculation:

∴1 k.g = 1000 gm

Let the selling price = s

⇒ $1000- s \over 1000$ × 100 = 130

⇒ 1000 -s = 1300

⇒ s = - 300 gm

∵ 300 gm less (in gm) should the trader supply for every kg he that he sells.

Given:

The cost of product (C.P) = Rs 500

Seller mark the product (M.P) = Rs 800

Discount on mark price = 10%

Calculation:

⇒ After discount selling price = 800 × 90/100 = 720

⇒ The profit % to the seller = $720 -500\over 500$ × 100 = 220 / 5 = 44%

∴The correct answer is the 44%

Shortcut Trick Solution A            Solution B

     20                           60

           \                  /

                   50

             /               \

        10                 30

The ratio of the Solution of B and A in the new solution is 3 : 1.

Given:

Water in solution A = 20%

Water in solution B = 60%

Calculations:

Let m liters of solution A and n liters of solution B is mixed to get the new solution 

20%m + 60%n = 50% (m + n)

⇒ $\frac{20}{100}m+\frac{60}{100}n=\frac{50}{100}(m+n)$

⇒ 20m + 60n = 50m + 50n

⇒ 10n = 30m

⇒ n : m = 3 : 1

∴ The ratio of solutions B and A in the final solution is 3 : 1.

Given:

3 consecutive numbers are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3

Calculation:

Let the 3 consecutive numbers be y, (y + 1), (y + 2)

y : (y + 1) : (y + 2) = 1 : 2 : 3

On comparing both the sides, we get the value of,

y = 1

So, the three consecutives numbers are 1, 2, 3

1 + 2 + 3 = 6

∴ The sum of these numbers is 6.

Given:

P = Rs.5000, R = 15%, T = 2yrs, S.I. = ?

P = Rs.5000, R = 14%, T = 2yrs, C.I. = ?

Formula used:

S.I. = PRT /100

C.I. = [P(1 + $\frac{R}{100}$)^T ] - P

Calculation:

S.I. = (5000 × 15 × 2) / 100

⇒ S.I. = Rs. 1500

C.I. = [5000 (1 + $\frac{14}{100}$)² ]- 5000

⇒ C.I. = (5000 × 57/50 × 57/50) - 5000

⇒ C.I. = 6498 - 5000

⇒ C.I. = Rs. 1498

S.I. - C.I. = 1500 - 1498 = Rs. 2

∴ The difference between the interest earned is Rs. 2.

Given:

P = 10,000 ; R = 20% ; t = 1.5 years

Formula:

Amount = P ×  $(1 + \frac{R}{100})^t$

Calculation:

The amount is compounded half yearly so,

⇒ R = 20/2 = 10%

⇒ t = 1.5 × 2 = 3

⇒ Amount = 10000 ×  $(1 + \frac{10}{100})^3$

⇒ Amount = 10000 × (11/10) × (11/10) × (11/10)

⇒ Amount = 13310

∴ The correct answer is Option 1).

Given:

Distance between Delhi and Kolkata = 1500 km

Speed of Aman = 50 kmph

Speed of Akash = 100 kmph

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Time Taken by Akash to travel from Delhi to Kolkata

⇒ 1500/100 = 15 h

Time Taken by Aman to travel from Delhi to Kolkata

⇒ 1500/50= 30 h

So, Aman will cover 750 km in 15 h.

After 15 h Akash will return from Kolkata and the distance between Akash and Aman will be 750 km.

⇒ Relative time (Meeting time) = 750/(100 + 50) = 5 h

⇒ Distance from Kolkata when they meet = 100 × 5 = 500 km

∴ The correct answer is Option 1).

Given:

Distance = 600 m

Time = 5 min

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance / Time

Calculation:

⇒ Speed = 600 / (5 × 60)

⇒ Speed = 2 m/sec

∴ The correct answer is Option 2).

Given:

Time taken by pipe₁ to fill 1/5 of the tank = 1 hour

Time taken by pipe₂ to fill the tank = 20 hour

Formula Used: Total Time taken = Total work/total Efficiency 

Calculation:

Time taken by pipe1 to fill 1/5 of the tank = 1 hour

Time taken by pipe1 to fill the whole tank = 1 × 5 = 5 hours

Total work = LCM of (5 and 20) = 20 units

Efficiency of pipe1 = 20/5 = 4 units

Efficiency of pipe₂ = 20/20 = 1 units

Total time taken by both pipes to fill the tank = 20/(1 + 4) = 4 hours

∴ The correct answer is 4 hours.

Given:

Time taken by 1 worker to complete the work = 100 days

2 workers are added every day

Formula Used:

Efficiency = 

Calculation:

Work done by 1 worker = 1/100

Next day number of workers = 3

Work done by 3 workers = 3/100 and so on.

In 5 days total completed work = 1/100 + 3/100 + 5/100 + 7/100 + 9/100

⇒ 25/100 = 1/4

In percentage 1/4 = 100 × (1/4) = 25%

∴ The correct answer is 25%.

Given:

Diameter (d) of cone = 42 cm

Height of cone (h) = 2 × radius of cone

Formula Used:

Radius of cone (r) = Diameter/2

The volume of cone = $\frac{1}{3} \pi r^2h$ 

Calculation:

Radius of cone (r) = 42/2 = 21 cm

Height of cone = 2 × 21 = 42 cm

Volume of cone = $\frac{1}{3}\times\frac{22}{7} \times 21\times 21\times 42$ = 19404 cu cm

∴ The correct answer is 19404 cu cm.

Given:

Radius of a cone = 7 cm

Height = 50 cm

Formula used:

C.S.A = πrl

T.S.A = πr(r+ l)

Calculation:

According to the question,

 πr(r+ l) - πrl  =  πr2 + πrl  - πrl

⇒ πr2  = 22/7 × 49 = 154 sq.cm

Hence, required difference is 154 sq.cm.

Correct Answer: 1) 154 sq.cm

Calculation:

Given data 

From the above given data , we get that in two cities (London & Sydney)  have seen an increase in imports in 2 consecutive years.

Correct Answer: 2) 2

Calculation:

In the given graph, age group(31-60)  has seen a continuous decrease in population over the 2 years.

Correct Answer: 3) 31-60

Concept used:

Increase in % = (New Value - Old Value)/Old Value × 100 %

Calculation:

Increase in % of Aman in 2018

⇒ (77 - 70)/70 ×  100% = 10% = 10% (Given)

Increase in % of Aman in 2019

⇒ (84 - 77)/77 × 100% = 9.09% ≠ 20%

Increase in % of Amit in 2018

⇒ (55 - 50)/50 × 100% = 10 % = 10% (Given)

Increase in % of Amit in 2019

⇒ (66 - 55)/55 × 100% = 20% = 20% (Given)

Increase in % of Soham in 2018

⇒ (60 - 60)/60 × 100% = 0% ≠ 10%

Increase in % of Soham in 2019

⇒ (72 - 60)/60 × 100% = 20% = 20% (Given)

Increase in % of Daksh in 2018

⇒ (88 - 80)/80 × 100% = 10% = 10% (Given)

Increase in % of Daksh in 2019

⇒ (96 - 88)/88 × 100% = 9.09% ≠ 20%

Increase in % of Vaibhav in 2018

⇒ (80 - 75)/75 × 100% = 6.66% ≠ 10%

Increase in % of Vaibhav in 2019

⇒ (85 - 80)/80 × 100% = 6.25% ≠ 20% 

∴ Only 1 student has an increase of 10% and 20% in 2018 and 2019 respectively.

The correct answer is 'Option 2. i.e. saw neither our own or the enemy's fires but'

 Key Points

• The error lies in the use of "neither... or" which is incorrect. The correct conjunction pair is either "neither... nor" or "either... or."
• "Saw neither our own or the enemy's fires" should be corrected to "saw neither our own nor the enemy's fires" to follow standard English grammar rules.
• The mistake is a common conjunction error that affects the sentence's clarity and grammatical correctness.
• Correction of this error would ensure the sentence accurately conveys that he did not see any fires from either side.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Option 1 ("Having descended the hill at a trot, he no longer") and Option 3 ("heard the shouting of the French more loudly and distinctly.") are grammatically correct and do not contain the error.
• The usage of "neither... nor" is pivotal in negating both parts of a statement in English.

The correct answer is Option 2. i.e. hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual were about to happen,

 Key Points

• The error in this sentence is in the verb agreement; "were" should be "was" to match the singular subject "something unusual."
• The correct sentence should read: "hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen," ensuring subject-verb agreement.
• "Something unusual" is a singular noun phrase and therefore requires a singular verb form.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Options 1 and 3 are grammatically correct and do not contain the identified error.
• Subject-verb agreement rules dictate that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. The downright dumping of stocks at the Wall Street has brought .

Key Points

• The subject of the sentence is "dumping", which is singular. Hence, the correct auxiliary verb is "has" and not "have".
• The preposition "at the Wall Street" is more appropriate in this context than "on" or "in".
• The past participle "bought" is wrong. The correct verb is "brought".

Correct sentence: The downright dumping of stocks at the Wall Street has brought the entire stock market to its knees.

Additional Information

• Singular vs. Plural Agreement:
• Singular subject → use singular verb (e.g., "dumping ... has").
• Plural subject → use plural verb (e.g., "stocks ... have").
• Correct Verb Usage:
• "Bring" (present), "brought" (past/participle) → correct form in passive/causative sense.
• "Buy" (present), "bought" (past/participle) → unrelated to context here.

The correct answer is 'Option 4. i.e. No correction required'

 Key Points

• The original sentence is correctly framed, requiring no adjustments to the bracketed segment.
• The phrase "I live in" correctly relates the government of the speaker's world to the conversational context described.
• Comparing the forming of governments without implying a time-bound action ("I lived in") or a conditional state ("I had been living in") maintains clarity and relevance to the speaker's current reality.
• The sentence as it stands correctly conveys the message that the government of the world the speaker lives in was not developed informally, unlike the implication for Great Britain's government.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 4.

 Additional Information

• Option 1 changes the tense unnecessarily to past simple, disrupting the context's immediacy.
• Option 2 shifts to a past perfect continuous tense, suggesting a condition that ended, which does not align with the given context.
• Option 3 attempts to alter the comparison but adds unnecessary complexity and changes the original meaning.
• The structure and context of the original statement accurately convey the contrast intended without adjustments.

The correct answer is Option 4. i.e. perennial'

 Key Points

• A biennial plant is one that lives for two years, usually flowering in the second year.
• The phrase "grows itself so freely" implies that the plant spreads or adapts well enough to seem like it's always present or continually growing.
• "Perennial" refers to plants that live for more than two years, often seen as continuously present in a garden scene, which aligns with the description given.
• Choosing "perennial" fits the context of describing a plant that, despite being a biennial, behaves as if it has a more enduring presence in the garden.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 4.

 Additional Information

• "Centennial" refers to something happening every hundred years and does not fit the gardening context.
• "Colonial" relates to colonies or colonization, which is irrelevant to plant life cycles.
• "Ungenial" means not friendly or pleasant, which doesn't relate to the growth or lifespan of plants.

The correct answer is Option 4. i.e. 'Armada'

 Key Points

• The Spanish Armada refers to the fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, which ended in a historic defeat for Spain.
• The term "Armada" is directly related to the context of military/naval engagements, fitting the historical event referred to.
• This defeat significantly impacted the power dynamics in Europe and is a key event in military history.
• The Peace of Westphalia, mentioned in the same sentence, refers to treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe, marking a shift in religious and territorial control, making the context historical and related to military and religious conflicts.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 4.

 Additional Information

• "Agenda" refers to a list or plan of items to be discussed or acted upon, not suitable for the historical context.
• "Cicada" is a type of insect, irrelevant to the context of Spanish military defeat.
• "Aficionada" could relate to a female fan or enthusiast of a particular activity, again not fitting the historical military context.

The correct answer is Option 2. i.e. PQRS'.

 Key Points

• The correct sequence establishes a chronological and logical flow of information, from the appearance of the first French edition to the story being known in England, and finally, the creation of a parody.
• "PQRS" places the events in the order they are likely to have occurred, making the sentence cohesive and meaningful.
• This arrangement follows standard narrative structure, with an introduction of a subject, expansion of context, and a concluding event.
• The sentence's completeness is ensured by first indicating when the edition appeared, followed by its recognition in England, and ending with the reaction that led to a parody's production.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Options 1, 3, and 4 offer sequences that disrupt the logical flow of information, making the sentence less clear or engaging.
• The arrangement in option 2 best preserves the cause-and-effect relationship among the parts of the sentence.

The correct answer is Option 2. i.e. Recurring'.

 Key Points

• Intermittent means occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady. (अंतरायित)
• Example: Intermittent rain showers can spoil a day at the beach.
• Recurring means occurring again periodically or repeatedly. (आवर्ती)
• Example: She had recurring dreams about flying.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

Additional Information

• Continuous (हर समय होना) implies something going on without stopping.
• Swift (तेज़) means happening quickly or promptly.
• Steady (स्थिर) refers to something that is firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving.

The correct answer is Option 2. i.e. Preposterous'

 Key Points

• Asinine means extremely stupid or foolish. (Hindi meaning: मूर्खतापूर्ण)
• Example: The decision to cut the trees down was asinine.
• Preposterous means contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous. (Hindi meaning: निरर्थक)
• Example: The idea of the earth being flat is preposterous.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Intelligent (बुद्धिमान) stands for having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level.
• Sway (प्रभावित करना) means control or influence someone or something, often to a degree of changing their stance or opinion.
• Collide (टकराना) refers to an incident where something hits something else with force.

The correct answer is Option 1. i.e. Obviate'.

Key Points

• The correctly spelt word is **Obviate. (**टालना)
• Example: The new medical treatment obviates the need for surgery.
• Obviate means to remove (a need or difficulty).

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1.

 Additional Information

• Oblivate does not represent a valid English term.
• Obevate is an incorrect spelling.
• Obivate is also not a recognized spelling in English.

The correct answer is Option 1. i.e. Perturbation

 Key Points

• The correctly spelt word is Perturbation. (व्याकुलता)
• Example: The news of the disaster caused great perturbation among the community members.
• Perturbation means anxiety; mental uneasiness. (चिंता)

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1.

 Additional Information

• Pertuberation, Pertubation, and Pertuebation are all incorrect spellings of the word Perturbation.

The correct answer is Option 1. i.e. You cannot change who you are'.

 Key Points

• The idiom "A leopard can’t change his spots" means that fundamental aspects of a person's character or nature cannot be changed. (कोई अपने स्वभाव या चरित्र को नहीं बदल सकता)
• Example: Despite his efforts to improve, his selfish tendencies prove that a leopard can’t change his spots.
• "You cannot change who you are" is the correct interpretation. (तुम जो हो वो नहीं बदल सकते)

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1.

 Additional Information

• An unreliable person (अविश्वसनीय व्यक्ति) would not be a direct interpretation of this idiom.
• A very small part of something big or whole (किसी बड़ी चीज़ या संपूर्ण का बहुत छोटा हिस्सा) also does not match the idiom's meaning.
• One who causes damage (नुकसान पहुँचाने वाला) is not related to the idiom's implications about unchangeable nature.

The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. Fair and honest'.

 Key Points

• The idiom "Above board" means to be open and honest about one's intentions or actions. (ईमानदार और निष्पक्ष)
• Example: His dealings with the company have always been above board.
• "Fair and honest" correctly describes the idiom. (निष्पक्ष और ईमानदार)

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 4.

 Additional Information

• A very mild punishment (बहुत हल्की सज़ा) does not reflect the idiom's meaning.
• Very inexpensive, a bargain (बहुत सस्ता, एक सौदा) is unrelated to the idiom's emphasis on honesty.
• Ready to, just going to (तैयार है, बस जाने वाला है) also does not align with the concept of transparency implied by "Above board".

The correct answer is Option 3. i.e. Acquisitive

Key Points

• Acquisitive means having a strong desire to own or acquire more things. (संग्रहणशील)
• Example: His acquisitive nature led him to own a vast collection of rare books.
• "Acquisitive" correctly expresses eagerness to own and collect. (संग्रह के प्रति उत्सुक)

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 3.

 Additional Information

• Shod (जूता पहनाना) means provided with shoes, irrelevant in this context.
• Tractable (विनम्र) means easily managed or controlled, not related to collecting things.
• Retrospective (पूर्वदर्शी) pertains to looking back on or dealing with past events, not about collecting.

The correct answer is 'Option 1 i.e. Faux pas'.

 Key Points

• Faux pas is a French term that means an embarrassing or tactless act or remark in a social situation. (सामाजिक अवस्था में शर्मनाक गलती)
• Example: Wearing casual clothes to the formal gala was a major faux pas.
• "Faux pas" accurately describes an embarrassing social mistake. (सामाजिक रूप से शर्मनाक भूल)

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1.

 Additional Information

• Spam (स्पैम) refers to irrelevant or unsolicited messages sent over the Internet, usually to a large number of users.
• Disband (भंग करना) means to break up or cause to cease to exist, typically referring to groups or organizations.
• Roister (उत्सव मनाना) means to enjoy oneself or celebrate in a noisy or boisterous way.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e. The Great Wall of China.

Key Points

• The passage explicitly mentions the Maginot Line as "one of the largest military structures ever built, second only to the Great Wall of China."
• This statement directly implies that the Great Wall of China is considered the largest military structure ever built.
• The comparison sets the Great Wall of China as a benchmark for military architectural achievements.
• The context is about comparing historical military structures in terms of their size and the statement positions the Great Wall above other structures including the Maginot Line.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 3.

Additional Information

• Fort Hood is a current U.S. military installation and was not mentioned in the passage nor is it considered larger than the Great Wall of China.
• Although the Maginot Line is highlighted in the passage for its immense scale and defensive ambition, it is acknowledged as second to the Great Wall of China.
• Fort Bragg, another U.S. military installation, is also not mentioned in the passage and does not fit the criteria of the largest military structures in comparison to the listed historical constructions.

The correct answer is 'Option 2' i.e. *'*Because he feared that Germans would attack France again and he wanted to have line of defences that would favour France in similar battle conditions'.

Key Points

• Maginot proposed the construction of the Maginot Line due to considerations stemming from his experiences in the First World War and the strategic realities of the time.
• The passage specifies that Maginot, influenced by the horrid conditions of WWI along the Western Front, aimed to avoid a repetition of such a stalemate and ensure France's defensive advantage in future conflicts.
• His main motivating factor was the fear of a renewed German attack, combined with the real demographic disadvantage France faced against a nearly doubled German population, necessitating a defensive advantage.
• The Maginot Line was envisioned as enabling a smaller French army to effectively hold off a larger German force, thanks to its elaborate defensive capabilities.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1 mentions the horrid conditions of WWI, which were indeed a contributing factor to Maginot's motivations but does not fully capture his strategic rationale for the construction, making it a partial truth.
• Option 3 simplifies the concern to just a matter of a defensive advantage without accounting for the specific fears and strategic considerations behind the construction of the Maginot Line.
• Option 4, while related to the overall goal of preserving lives by deterring or defending against an invasion, does not specifically address the question of Maginot's primary motivations as detailed in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Option 1 i.e. French Minister of War'.

Key Points

• André Maginot is described in the passage as the French Minister of War who argued for the construction of the Maginot Line.
• His role as Minister of War placed him in a position to influence French defense policy significantly, leading to the creation of the Maginot Line.
• The passage mentions his service in the First World War against the Germans, establishing him as a war veteran, which influenced his advocacy for the Maginot Line. However, the specific role asked in the question refers to his position in the French Army or government.
• His experiences and observations from WWI directly motivated his push for a formidable line of defense against potential German aggression.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 "War Veteran" does describe Maginot's background, but it does not specifically answer the question regarding his position in relation to the context provided.
• Option 3 "French Rebel Leader" is incorrect as Maginot was a legitimate government official, not a rebel leader.
• Option 4 "German Spy" is completely incorrect and contrary to the passage's information, as Maginot was a proponent of defending France against Germany.

The correct answer is "Option 4 i.e. In the First World War Germany defeated France which triggered the need for a stronger military structure'.

Key Points

• The passage does not state that Germany defeated France in WWI as the trigger for the construction of the Maginot Line. Instead, it discusses André Maginot's experience in the First World War and his motivation to prevent a similar conflict from occurring again by building a line of defenses after witnessing the stalemate and horrid conditions on the Western Front.
• The reasons for building the Maginot Line, as outlined in the passage, include Maginot's fear of a future German attack and a desire to have a strategic advantage should such a conflict arise, rather than being a direct response to a defeat in WWI.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• Option 1 is correct as stated in the passage, noting the Maginot Line was second only to the Great Wall of China in terms of size among military structures.
• Option 2 is correct, as it mentions that Maginot convinced the French Parliament to fund the Maginot Line.
• Option 3 correctly summarizes Maginot's motivation for building the line, based on a fear of a future German attack and a desire for a defensive advantage.
• Therefore, the only incorrect statement among the options, based on the given passage, is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Option 4 i.e. Around 10 years'.

Key Points

• The passage states that the construction of the Maginot Line began in 1930 and was completed in 1940.
• The difference between the start year (1930) and the end year (1940) is 10 years.
• Building such monumental defense structures usually takes several years, and in this case, it precisely took a decade.
• The timeframe provided aligns with historical records and the massive scale of the project.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (Around 13 years) overestimates the duration by 3 years compared to the actual construction timeline given in the passage.
• Option 2 (Around 12 years) overestimates the construction duration by 2 years, which does not match with the provided timeframe.
• Option 3 (Around 15 years) significantly overestimates the construction period by an additional 5 years, which is inconsistent with the details in the text.

'सु + अल्प' संधि-विच्छेद शब्द के सही संधि का विकल्प है - स्वल्प अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• सु + अल्प = स्वल्प (उ + अ = व)
• 'स्वल्प' शब्द में यण संधि है।
• 'स्वल्प' का अर्थ - बहुत थोड़ा, बहुत कम, अत्यल्प।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प में वर्तनी से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि है।

Additional Informationयण संधि:-

• जब संधि करते समय (इ, ई) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘य्' बन जाता है,
• जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘व्' बन जाता है,
• जब (ऋ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘र्' बनता है, तो उसे यण संधि कहते है।

उदाहरण-

• इति + आदि = इत्यादि (इ + आ = या )
• अनु + इत = अन्वित (उ + इ = वि)
• पितृ + आनंद = पित्रानंद (ऋ + आ = रा)

'तट्टीका' शब्द के सही संधि -विच्छेद का विकल्प है - तत् + टीका अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points 

• तत् + टीका = तट्टीका (त् + ट = ट्ट)
• 'तट्टीका' शब्द में व्यंजन संधि है।

Important Points नियम-

• स्वर के बाद अगर छ् वर्ण आ जाए तो छ् से पहले च् वर्ण बढ़ा दिया जाता है।
• त् या द् के साथ ट या ठ का मिलन होने पर त् या द् की जगह पर ट् बन जाता है।
• जब त् या द् के साथ ‘ड’ या ढ की मिलन होने पर त् या द् की जगह पर ‘ड्’ बन जाता है।

उदाहरण -

• आ + छादन = आच्छादन
• संधि + छेद = संधिच्छेद
• वृहत् + टीका = वृहट्टीका
• भवत् + डमरू = भवड्डमरू

Additional Information व्यंजन संधि:-

• जब संधि करते समय व्यंजन के साथ स्वर या कोई व्यंजन के मिलने से जो रूप में परिवर्तन होता है, उसे ही व्यंजन संधि कहते हैं।

उदाहरण -

• दिक् + गज = दिग्गज
• उत् + शिष्ट = उच्छिष्ट
• आ + छादन = आच्छादन
• तत् + लीन = तल्लीन

प्रत्यय शब्द का सही विकल्प है - भ्रमण अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• भ्रम + अन = भ्रमण
• 'भ्रम' मूलशब्द और 'अन' प्रत्यय
• 'भ्रमण' का अर्थ - घूमना-फिरना, विचरण।

अन्य विकल्प -

• उत् + पन्न = उत्पन्न
• 'उत्**'​** उपसर्ग और 'पन्न' मूलशब्द
• अनु + मान = अनुमान
• 'अनु'​ उपसर्ग और 'मान' मूलशब्द​
• प्र + योग = प्रयोग​
• 'प्र'​ उपसर्ग और 'योग' मूलशब्द

Important Points 

• प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है।
• उपसर्ग शब्द के शुरू में जुड़ता है।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण प्रत्यय शब्द:-​

• अन -  पालन, सहन, नयन, चरण।
• इक - लौकिक, धार्मिक, वार्षिक, ऐतिहासिक।
• अक - लेखक, पाठक, कारक, गायक।
• पन - अपनापन, मोटापन, कालापन, नीलापन।
• इया - छलिया, जड़िया, बढ़िया, घटिया।
• आई - लड़ाई, सिलाई, पढ़ाई, चढ़ाई।

कुछ महत्वपूर्ण उपसर्ग शब्द:-​

• उत्  (श्रेष्ठ) - उत्पत्ति, उत्कंठा, उत्पीड़न, उत्कृष्ट, उन्नत, उल्लेख।
• अनु (पीछे) - अनुचर, अनुकरण, अनुकूल, अनुनाद, अनुभव।
• प्र (आगे) प्रदान, प्रबल, प्रयोग, प्रसार, प्रहार, प्रयत्न।
• सम् (अच्छी तरह) - सन्तोष, संगठन,संलग्न, संकल्प, संशय, संरक्षा।
• प्रति (प्रत्येक) - प्रतिदिन, प्रत्येक, प्रतिकूल, प्रतिहिंसा, प्रतिरूप, प्रतिध्वनि।
• निर् (बिना) - निराकार, निरादर, नीरोग, निरीह, निरक्षर।

'कनकलता' शब्द के कर्मधारय समास का सही विग्रह है - कनक के समान लता अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• 'कनकलता' शब्द का समास विग्रह - 'कनक के समान लता'
• 'कनकलता' शब्द में कर्मधारय समास है।
• नोट - यह प्रश्न डीएसएसएसबी सहायक अध्यापक नर्सरी द्वारा माना गया सही उत्तर है।

Important Pointsकर्मधारय समास:-

• वह समास जिसका पहला पद विशेषण एवं दूसरा पद विशेष्य होता है अथवा 
• पूर्वपद एवं उत्तरपद में उपमान - उपमेय का सम्बन्ध माना जाता है कर्मधारय समास कहलाता है।
• समास विग्रह करते समय दोनों पदों के बीच में ‘के सामान’, ‘है जो’, ‘रुपी’ में से किसी एक शब्द का प्रयोग होता है।

​उदाहरण - 

• मृगलोचन = मृग के सामान लोचन
• नवयुवक = नव है जो युवक​
• कीर्तिलता = कीर्ति रुपी लता

उपसर्ग शब्द का सही विकल्प है - बहिष्कार अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• बहिस् + कार = बहिष्कार
• बहिस् (उपसर्ग) और कार (मूल शब्द)।
• 'बहिष्कार' का अर्थ - बाहर करने या निकालने की क्रिया।

अन्य विकल्प -

• खिल + आ, ता = खिलाता
• ‘खिल’ मूल शब्द और ‘आ, ता' प्रत्यय
• सभ्य + ता  =  सभ्यता 
• ‘सभ्य’ मूल शब्द और ‘ता’ प्रत्यय
• देव + त्व = देवत्व
• ‘देव’ मूल शब्द और ‘त्व’ प्रत्यय

Important Points

• उपसर्ग शब्द के शुरू में जुड़ता है।
• प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण उपसर्ग शब्द:-​

• बहिस् (बाहर) - बहिष्कार, बहिष्कृत।
• बहिर् (बाहर) - बहिर्जगत,  बहिर्गमन, बहिर्द्वार, बहिर्भाव, बहिरंग।
• अति (ज्यादा) - अतिशय, अतिक्रमण, अतिवृष्टि, अतिशीघ्र, अत्यन्त।
• सम् (अच्छी तरह) - सन्तोष, संगठन,संलग्न, संकल्प, संशय, संरक्षा।
• प्रति (प्रत्येक) - प्रतिदिन, प्रत्येक, प्रतिकूल, प्रतिहिंसा, प्रतिरूप, प्रतिध्वनि।
• निर् (बिना) - निराकार, निरादर, नीरोग, नीरस, निरीह, निरक्षर।

कुछ महत्वपूर्ण प्रत्यय शब्द:-

• आ - भूखा, झगड़ा, प्यासा, लेखा, नाचा, झूला।
• ता - मित्रता, अराजकता, अधिकता, असमानता।
• त्व - व्यक्तित्व, गुरुत्व, महत्व, पशुत्व, लघुत्व।
• इक - लौकिक, धार्मिक, वार्षिक, ऐतिहासिक।
• अक - लेखक, पाठक, कारक, गायक।
• इया - छलिया, जड़िया, बढ़िया, घटिया।

देशज शब्द का सही विकल्प नहीं है - ग़लीचा अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।  

Key Points

• देशज शब्द - 'खिड़की, पगड़ी, पेट'
• फारसी शब्द - 'ग़लीचा'

Important Pointsदेशज शब्द:-

• वे शब्द जिनकी उत्पत्ति के मूल का पता न हो परन्तु वे प्रचलन में हों। ऐसे शब्द देशज शब्द कहलाते हैं।

जैसे-

• लोटा, कटोरा, डोंगा, डिबिया, खिचड़ी, खिड़की, पगड़ी, अंटा,
• चसक, चिड़िया, जूता, ठेठ, ठुमरी, तेंदुआ, फुनगी, कलाई आदि।​

Additional Informationफारसी भाषा:-

• अफ़सोस, आबरू, कबूतर, कमीना, खामोश, खरगोश,  गवाह, गिरफ्तार, चिराग,
• चश्मा, चिराग, जिन्दगी, जादू, तरकश,  तमाशा, दुकान, दरबार, पलंग, पैदावार,
• बेहूदा, बीमार, बेरहम,  मरहम, याद, लेकिन, वर्ना, वापिस, शादी, सितारा।

'ग्रंथ - ग्रंथि' शब्द - युग्म का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प है - पुस्तक, गाँठ अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।  

Key Points 

• 'ग्रंथ' का अर्थ - 'पुस्तक' और 'ग्रंथि' का अर्थ - 'गाँठ' होगा।
• अन्य सभी विकल्पों से सही अर्थ का बोध नही हो रहा है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

 कुछ प्रमुख युग्म शब्द व उनके अर्थ:-

'कृती- कृति' भिन्नार्थक शब्द का सही विकल्प है - पुण्यवान, रचना अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• 'कृती' का अर्थ 'पुण्यवान' और 'कृति' का अर्थ 'रचना' होगा।
• अन्य सभी विकल्पों से सही अर्थ का बोध नही हो रहा है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

कुछ प्रमुख युग्म शब्द व उनके अर्थ:-