SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 25 Feb, 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic follows here, 

127 + 130 = 257

257 + 150 = 407

407 + 170 = 577

577 + 190 = 767

So, the next number is 767 + 210 = 977

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

Given : (59 L 38) J 4 I (12 I 8) K 2 I 42 L 26 = ?

‘I’ stands for ‘+’, ‘J’ stands for ‘×’, ‘K’ stands for ‘÷’, and ‘L’ stands for ‘−’

​(59 - 38) × 4 + (12 + 8) ÷ 2 + 42 - 26 = ?

? = 21 × 4 + 20 ÷ 2 + 42 - 26

? = 84 + 10 + 42 - 26

? = 136 - 26

? = 110

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

The logic follows here, 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

The logic follows here, 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The least possible Venn diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

(I): Some rupee is water. - False (As their is no relation between rupee and water may be it is posssible but not definite. Hence, it is false)

(II): Some money is water. - False (As their is no relation between money and water may be it is posssible but not definite. Hence, it is false)

Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

C, D, G, H, I, K and L are sitting around a circular table facing the centre of the table(but not necessarily in the same order).

• Only three people sit between I and L when counted from the left of I.
• Only three people sit between K and H when counted from the right of H.
• C sits to the immediate right of K.
• G is an immediate neighbour of H as well as L

The Final Arrangement is, 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The pattern followed here is

SOMR -  KGEJ

S - 8 = K

O - 8 = G

M - 8 = E

R - 8 = J

MIGL - EAYD

M - 8 = E

I - 8 = A

G - 8 = Y

L - 8 = D

Similarly,

OKIN - ?

O - 8 = G

K - 8 = C

I - 8 = A

N - 8 = F

OKIN related GCAF.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

Given word EXCITED 

Arrange the letters in English alphabetical order

Alphabetical order = C, D, E, E, I, T, X

Second from the left → D

First from the right → X

 letters are between D and X in English alphabetical order.

Alphabetical positions: 

D = 4

X = 24

Difference = 24 – 4 – 1 = 19

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

When the piece of paper is folded in the direction of arrows mentioned below

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

When the piece of paper is folded in the direction of arrows mentioned

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"

‘2590’ is coded as ‘FACT’ and ‘0129’ is coded as ‘FITC’.

Code for 1 is I

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

Given Series: EIMJ_KOLI_QNKO PMQ_ 

HGMSU

HEIM / JGKO / LIMQ / NKOS / PMQU

(1^st :H + 2 = J, J + 2 = L; 2^nd : E + 2 = G, G + 2 = I; 3^rd: I + 2 = K, K + 2 = M.)

It is logically following.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4"

So, according to  the given relation:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

Given :  ‘GALS’ is coded as ‘7610’ ‘LADS’ is coded as ‘0168’

G A L S’ -  ‘7 6 1 0’

L  A  D  S’ - ‘0 1 6 8 ’

Code for D is 8.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

The pattern followed here is:

NPLI → EGCZ

N - 9 = E

P - 9 = G

L - 9 = C

I - 9 = Z

TVRO → KMIF

T - 9 = K

V - 9 = M

R - 9 = I

O - 9 = F

Similarly,

CEAX → 

C - 9 = T

E - 9 = V

A - 9 = R

X - 9 = O

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

According to the given information,the Venn diagram that best illustrates the relationship between the following classes

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"

Six people, C, D, E, X, Y and Z, are sitting around a circular table facing the centre (but not necessarily in the same order) .

• Only one person sits between X and D when counted from the left of D.
• Z sits second to the left of C.
• Z is an immediate neighbour of E and D.

The Final Arrangement is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

The logic follows here, 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"

The correct answer is Elephant.

Key Points

• The mascot for the Women’s Asian Hockey Champions Trophy 2023, named ‘Juhi’, is inspired by the Elephant, symbolizing strength, wisdom, and cultural heritage.
• The event was hosted in Jharkhand, India, a region known for its rich biodiversity and significant elephant population.
• Elephants are an integral part of Indian culture, often associated with Lord Ganesha, representing wisdom, prosperity, and good fortune.
• The mascot ‘Juhi’ aimed to promote environmental awareness and highlight the importance of wildlife conservation in India.
• The Women’s Asian Hockey Champions Trophy is a premier tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation, featuring top-performing teams from Asia.

Additional Information

• Peacock
• The peacock is the national bird of India, symbolizing grace, beauty, and pride.
• It is often featured in Indian art, mythology, and culture, representing immortality and spirituality.
• While it is a significant animal in Indian heritage, it was not chosen as the mascot for this event.
• Lion
• The lion is a symbol of courage, strength, and power and is associated with India’s emblem, inspired by the Ashoka Pillar.
• Lions are primarily found in the Gir Forest of Gujarat, India, as part of the Asiatic Lion population.
• Although the lion represents power, it was not the inspiration for the Women’s Asian Hockey Champions Trophy mascot.
• Swamp Deer
• The swamp deer, also called ‘Barasingha’, is a species native to the Indian subcontinent and is found in regions like Jharkhand.
• It is recognized for its unique antlers and plays a crucial role in India’s wildlife ecosystem.
• Despite its ecological significance, it was not chosen as the mascot for the event.
• Women’s Asian Hockey Champions Trophy
• It is a biennial field hockey tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation.
• The championship aims to promote women’s hockey and develop the sport across Asia.
• India has been a strong contender in the tournament, consistently performing well in past editions.

The correct answer is To liberalise international trade and ensure fair practices.

Key Points

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body that governs global trade rules and agreements between member countries.
• Its primary objective is to liberalise international trade by reducing trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, while ensuring fair competition.
• The WTO provides a platform for trade negotiations, dispute resolution, and transparency in trade policies to ensure smooth and predictable trade flows.
• It addresses unfair trade practices, including dumping and subsidies, which distort market competition, promoting a level playing field for all member nations.
• The WTO also assists developing countries with technical training and capacity-building programs to help them integrate into the global trading system effectively.

Additional Information

• Formation and Membership:
• The WTO was established on January 1, 1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
• It currently has 164 member countries, accounting for over 98% of global trade as of 2023.
• Core Principles:
• The WTO operates on principles such as non-discrimination, free trade, and transparency to foster predictable and fair trade practices globally.
• It promotes the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) principle, ensuring equal treatment of all trading partners.

The correct answer is Hornbill Festival.

Key Points

• The Hornbill Festival is an annual cultural festival celebrated in Nagaland, India, starting on 1^st December every year.
• It is organized by the Government of Nagaland to preserve and promote the rich heritage and traditions of the indigenous Naga tribes.
• The festival is named after the Great Hornbill bird, which holds symbolic importance in Naga folklore and is admired for its beauty.
• The primary venue for the festival is the Kisama Heritage Village, located near Kohima, the capital of Nagaland.
• The Hornbill Festival includes various activities such as traditional dances, music performances, craft exhibitions, sporting events, and local cuisine stalls, attracting tourists from India and abroad.

Additional Information

• Bihu Festival:
• Bihu is the most celebrated festival of Assam and signifies agricultural prosperity.
• There are three types of Bihu celebrated in Assam: Bohag Bihu (spring), Magh Bihu (harvest), and Kati Bihu (sowing).
• The Bohag Bihu marks the Assamese New Year and is celebrated with cultural performances, traditional dances, songs, and feasts.
• It is not related to Nagaland or the Hornbill Festival.
• Losoong Festival:
• Losoong is the harvest festival of Sikkim, celebrated by the Bhutia and Lepcha communities.
• It marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of a new year in the traditional lunar calendar.
• Losoong is observed with rituals, dances, and sporting activities, including archery contests.
• It is not celebrated in Nagaland and is unrelated to the Hornbill Festival.
• Wangala Festival:
• Wangala is a harvest festival celebrated by the Garo tribes in Meghalaya.
• It is dedicated to the Sun God Saljong and marks the end of the agricultural season.
• The festival involves traditional dances, music, and rituals performed by the Garo community.
• Wangala is specific to Meghalaya and has no connection to the Hornbill Festival celebrated in Nagaland.
• Kisama Heritage Village:
• This cultural hub represents the traditions and lifestyles of all the 16 officially recognized Naga tribes.
• During the Hornbill Festival, the village hosts exhibitions of tribal artifacts, traditional huts, handlooms, and local cuisines.
• It serves as a global platform to showcase the diverse cultural heritage of Nagaland.

The correct answer is Pralhad Joshi.

Key Points

• Pralhad Joshi, the Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs, Coal, and Mines of India, presided over the Seventh Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly held in October 2024 in New Delhi.
• The International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly serves as a platform for member countries to collaborate on solar energy advancements, policy frameworks, and financial mechanisms.
• Major discussions during the seventh session included accelerating solar energy adoption, addressing financing challenges, and achieving global energy transition goals.
• India’s leadership in hosting the ISA Assembly highlights its commitment to renewable energy and climate change mitigation strategies.
• Pralhad Joshi’s role as chairperson underscores India’s active participation in global renewable energy initiatives and its leadership in solar energy adoption.

Additional Information

• International Solar Alliance (ISA):
• The ISA was launched jointly by India and France during COP21 in Paris in 2015, with the aim of uniting countries rich in solar resources to promote sustainable energy solutions.
• Its primary objective is to mobilize $1 trillion in investments by 2030 to accelerate solar energy deployment globally.
• The headquarters of ISA is situated in Gurugram, Haryana, India.
• Over 100 member countries are part of the ISA, making it one of the largest international coalitions dedicated to renewable energy$.

The correct answer is Three lists.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act, 1935 introduced a federal structure that divided powers between the center (federal government) and the provinces (states).
• This Act provided for three lists for the division of legislative subjects: the Federal List, the Provincial List, and the Concurrent List.
• The Federal List included 59 subjects such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency, on which only the central government could legislate.
• The Provincial List contained 54 subjects like police, education, and agriculture, where the provincial governments had exclusive powers.
• The Concurrent List had 36 subjects like criminal law, marriage, and bankruptcy, where both the central and provincial governments could legislate. In case of conflict, the federal law prevailed.

Additional Information

• Two lists
• Before the Government of India Act, 1935, the Government of India Act, 1919 introduced a dyarchy system, which divided subjects into two lists: Reserved and Transferred.
• The Reserved List included subjects like defense, foreign affairs, and revenue, which were under the control of the Governor-General.
• The Transferred List included subjects such as education, health, and local government, which were managed by Indian ministers under the control of provincial legislatures.
• Government of India Act, 1935
• The Government of India Act, 1935, was the longest and most detailed constitutional act passed by the British Parliament for Indian governance.
• It laid the foundation for federalism in India and introduced provincial autonomy, allowing provinces to self-govern in their legislative domains.
• While the act was revolutionary for its time, it faced criticism for retaining significant control with the British Crown, particularly in areas like defense and foreign affairs.

The correct answer is Growth with social justice and equality.

Key Points

• The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) was designed to achieve “Growth with social justice and equality.”
• It emphasized poverty alleviation, employment generation, and human development while maintaining a sustainable economic growth rate.
• The plan targeted a GDP growth rate of 6.5% per annum and aimed to reduce regional disparities.
• Special focus was given to rural development, agriculture, healthcare, education, and empowering women through various initiatives.
• The plan emphasized improving the quality of life and equitable access to basic services for all citizens.

Additional Information

• Development of the public sector and rapid industrialization (Option 1):
• This was the primary focus of the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961), based on the Mahalanobis model.
• It aimed to promote industrial growth and emphasized the development of heavy industries and the public sector.
• The plan also focused on building infrastructure and capital goods industries to lay the foundation for long-term development.
• Promote inclusive growth and equitable development (Option 3):
• This was the theme of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012).
• It focused on achieving faster and more inclusive growth by addressing inequalities in income, education, and healthcare.
• The plan emphasized reducing poverty, empowering marginalized sections, and improving infrastructure development.
• Removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance (Option 4):
• This was the focus of the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–1979).
• The plan introduced the Garibi Hatao (Remove Poverty) slogan, aiming to reduce poverty and achieve self-reliance in food production.
• It emphasized national self-reliance, employment generation, and improving the living standards of the poor.

The correct answer is bulk and surface.

Key Points

• Boiling is a bulk phenomenon, where the entire liquid participates in the process of vaporization, forming bubbles within the liquid, which rise and burst at the surface.
• Evaporation is a surface phenomenon as it involves only the molecules at the liquid's surface gaining sufficient energy to escape into the gaseous state.
• Boiling occurs at a specific temperature called the boiling point, whereas evaporation can happen at any temperature, depending on conditions like humidity and temperature.
• During boiling, external heat energy (latent heat of vaporization) is supplied uniformly to the liquid, while evaporation utilizes surrounding energy, often leading to a cooling effect.
• Boiling is fast and uniform across the liquid, whereas evaporation is slow and restricted to the surface.

Additional Information

• Boiling:
• Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external atmospheric pressure.
• Bubbles of vapor form inside the liquid and rise to the surface, bursting to release the vapor.
• The boiling point is influenced by external pressure; lower atmospheric pressure decreases the boiling point (e.g., at high altitudes).
• Boiling is used in processes like distillation, sterilization, and cooking.
• Evaporation:
• Evaporation occurs when molecules at the liquid's surface gain enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the gaseous phase.
• It leads to a cooling effect as the higher-energy molecules leave the liquid, reducing the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules.
• The rate of evaporation increases with higher temperatures, larger surface area, and lower humidity.
• Evaporation plays a key role in processes like water cycle, cooling mechanisms, and drying of clothes.
• Latent Heat of Vaporization:
• This is the energy required to change a liquid into a vapor without altering its temperature.
• Latent heat of vaporization is essential in boiling, where external heat is supplied, and evaporation, where energy is absorbed from surroundings.
• It varies for different liquids and is higher for water compared to many other substances.

The correct answer is Ustad Ali Akbar Khan.

Key Points

• Raga 'Laswanti' was composed by the legendary sarod maestro Ustad Ali Akbar Khan.
• Ustad Ali Akbar Khan was renowned for his mastery in Hindustani classical music and his ability to create innovative ragas.
• He was one of the first Indian musicians to bring Indian classical music to Western audiences, earning him global recognition.
• Known as the "Sarod Samrat" (Emperor of Sarod), his contributions to the Maihar Gharana and Indian music remain unparalleled.
• Raga 'Laswanti' is a unique creation that reflects his deep understanding of melody, rhythm, and the intricacies of Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Ronu Majumdar:
• Ronu Majumdar is a renowned Indian flautist specializing in the bansuri (bamboo flute).
• He belongs to the Maihar Gharana and has worked extensively in both Hindustani classical and fusion music.
• Although he is a master of classical ragas, he is not associated with the creation of Raga 'Laswanti'.
• Tansen:
• Tansen was one of the Navratnas (nine gems) in the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar and is considered one of the greatest composers in Indian classical music.
• He is credited with creating several ragas, including Miyan ki Todi and Darbari Kanada.
• However, Raga 'Laswanti' is not among the ragas attributed to Tansen.
• Amjad Ali Khan:
• Amjad Ali Khan is a celebrated sarod maestro known for his innovations in Indian classical music.
• He belongs to the Senia Bangash Gharana and is highly respected for his contributions to sarod playing.
• While he has performed and popularized many ragas, he is not associated with the creation of Raga 'Laswanti'.
• Maihar Gharana:
• Founded by Baba Allauddin Khan, the Maihar Gharana is a prominent school of Hindustani classical music.
• It emphasizes both vocal and instrumental music, with notable musicians such as Ustad Ali Akbar Khan, Pandit Ravi Shankar, and Annapurna Devi being associated with this gharana.
• The gharana is known for its innovative approach to traditional Indian music, as exemplified by creations like Raga 'Laswanti'.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• According to the Census of India 2011, Mizoram recorded the highest literacy rate among the north-eastern states, standing at 91.33%.
• Mizoram ranks second in literacy rate across India, following Kerala, which holds the highest literacy rate at 94%.
• The state's exceptional literacy rate is a result of the collaborative efforts of the government, local communities, and the church in promoting education and literacy.
• Factors contributing to Mizoram's literacy achievements include free and compulsory education policies, universal enrollment initiatives, and the availability of schools even in remote areas.
• The Mizoram Education System places strong emphasis on retention, gender equality, and quality education, further boosting literacy levels in the state.

Additional Information

• Assam
• Assam's literacy rate as per the Census of India 2011 is 72.19%, which is below the national average of 74.04%.
• The state has made significant strides in education infrastructure but faces challenges such as poor access to remote areas and gender inequality in education.
• Government initiatives like 'Gunotsav' have been implemented to improve school performance and literacy levels.
• Manipur
• Manipur has a literacy rate of 79.85%, according to the 2011 Census.
• Despite its relatively high literacy rate, challenges such as lack of infrastructure and political unrest have hindered further improvements.
• The state has focused on promoting education through schemes like the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA).
• Nagaland
• Nagaland recorded a literacy rate of 80.11% in the 2011 Census.
• The state has shown commendable progress in literacy through initiatives aimed at promoting education in tribal and rural areas.
• However, challenges such as inadequate teacher training and low enrollment rates in higher education persist.
• Literacy Rate in India (2011 Census)
• The national literacy rate stands at 74.04%, with Kerala leading at 94% and Bihar having the lowest literacy rate at 61.8%.
• North-eastern states have shown remarkable progress in education, with Mizoram, Tripura, and Nagaland surpassing the national average.
• Government initiatives like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and the Right to Education Act have played a critical role in improving literacy rates across the country.

The correct answer is Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP).

Key Points

• YS Jagan Mohan Reddy is the leader of the Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP), a regional political party based in Andhra Pradesh.
• The YSRCP was founded in 2011 by Jagan Mohan Reddy after he parted ways with the Indian National Congress (INC).
• Under Jagan Mohan Reddy’s leadership, YSRCP won a historic victory in the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections by securing 151 of the 175 assembly seats.
• The party is known for its focus on welfare schemes and public service initiatives, such as Amma Vodi (financial assistance for education), Rythu Bharosa (support for farmers), and Nadu-Nedu (revamping school and hospital infrastructure).
• As of September 2024, Jagan Mohan Reddy continues to represent YSRCP, despite losing the Chief Minister position, and remains a significant political figure in Andhra Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Jana Sena Party (JSP)
• The Jana Sena Party was founded in 2014 by actor-turned-politician Pawan Kalyan.
• It is a regional political party in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana that focuses on anti-corruption measures, transparency, and the empowerment of youth.
• Despite its influence, JSP has not been able to secure a significant electoral victory in Andhra Pradesh till 2024.
• Indian National Congress (INC)
• INC is one of India’s oldest political parties, founded in 1885, and played a key role in the country’s independence movement.
• It has a significant presence across India but has largely lost its dominance in Andhra Pradesh after the bifurcation of the state in 2014.
• Jagan Mohan Reddy left INC in 2011 to form YSRCP following disagreements over leadership issues.
• Telugu Desam Party (TDP)
• TDP was founded in 1982 by N.T. Rama Rao and is one of the major political parties in Andhra Pradesh.
• The party is currently led by N. Chandrababu Naidu, who served multiple terms as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
• TDP has been a significant rival to YSRCP in the state’s political landscape.

The correct answer is Christian Jurgensen Thomsen.

Key Points

• Christian Jurgensen Thomsen was a Danish antiquarian and museum curator credited with introducing the Three-Age System of classification for prehistoric periods.
• The Three-Age System divides human prehistory into three major periods based on the primary material used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
• Thomsen proposed this classification in the early 19^th century while organizing collections at the National Museum of Denmark.
• The system was first published in 1836 in his book titled "Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed" (Guide to Nordic Antiquity).
• His methodology involved detailed observation of artifacts, emphasizing the importance of stratigraphy and typology in archaeology.

Additional Information

• The Three-Age System:
• The Stone Age refers to the earliest period, characterized by the use of stone tools.
• The Bronze Age marks advancements in metallurgy, with tools and weapons made primarily of bronze.
• The Iron Age represents the widespread use of iron for tools, weapons, and construction.
• Stratigraphy:
• Thomsen emphasized the importance of studying the layers of soil where artifacts were found.
• Stratigraphy helps archaeologists determine the relative age of objects based on their placement in different layers.
• Typology:
• Typology is the study of changes in artifact designs over time.
• Thomsen used typology to categorize tools and objects systematically.
• Impact on Archaeology:
• Thomsen’s Three-Age System laid the foundation for modern archaeological methods.
• It provided a chronological framework that is still used to study ancient civilizations.
• Other Contributors:
• While Thomsen introduced the system, later archaeologists like Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae confirmed its validity through fieldwork.
• Worsaae's work established the importance of excavations in validating the Three-Age System.

The correct answer is Ten.

Key Points

• The Khelo India Dus ka Dum tournament was held in ten cities across India as part of the celebration of International Women's Day 2023.
• This initiative was launched under the Khelo India Programme, which aims to nurture sports culture at the grassroots level and provide a platform for aspiring athletes.
• The tournament specifically focused on encouraging women's participation in sports and celebrating the achievements of women athletes.
• Around 1,000 women athletes participated in the tournament, showcasing their talents in various sports disciplines.
• The initiative aligns with the Indian government's efforts to promote gender equality and empowerment through sports.

Additional Information

• Khelo India Programme:
• Launched in 2018 by the Government of India to revive and promote sports culture in the country.
• It aims to identify and nurture young talent at the grassroots level and support them with infrastructure, training, and financial assistance.
• Initiatives under Khelo India include the Khelo India Youth Games, Khelo India University Games, and specialized tournaments like Dus ka Dum.
• International Women's Day:
• Celebrated annually on March 8^th, this day highlights the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women globally.
• The theme for International Women's Day 2023 was "DigitALL: Innovation and technology for gender equality."
• This day also serves as a call to action for accelerating gender parity and empowering women worldwide.
• Women in Sports:
• India has seen a significant rise in women athletes excelling at international events such as the Olympics, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games.
• Prominent women athletes like PV Sindhu, Mary Kom, and Sania Mirza have inspired millions of young girls to take up sports.
• Initiatives like the Khelo India Dus ka Dum tournament aim to create more opportunities for women to participate in sports and break gender stereotypes.

The correct answer is Total deficit minus interest payments.

Key Points

• Primary deficit is defined as the fiscal deficit of the government excluding the interest payments on previous borrowings.
• The formula for primary deficit is: Primary Deficit = Fiscal Deficit - Interest Payments.
• It is an indicator of the government's borrowing requirements for meeting expenses other than interest payments.
• A high primary deficit implies that the government is borrowing not only to pay interest on past loans but also to cover current expenses.
• This measurement is critical for assessing the sustainability of government debt and indicates if the borrowing trend is manageable in the long term.

Additional Information

• Revenue deficit
• Revenue deficit represents the shortfall in government revenue receipts compared to its revenue expenditure.
• The formula for revenue deficit is: Revenue Deficit = Revenue Expenditure - Revenue Receipts.
• This indicates that the government is unable to meet its operational expenses through its revenue income, which could lead to borrowing for routine expenditures.
• Fiscal deficit
• Fiscal deficit is the difference between the government's total expenditure and total revenue (excluding borrowings).
• The formula for fiscal deficit is: Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure - Total Revenue (excluding borrowings).
• It reflects the overall borrowing requirement of the government in a fiscal year.
• A high fiscal deficit can lead to inflation and increased debt burden for the economy.
• Capital expenditure
• Capital expenditure refers to the funds utilized by the government for acquiring fixed assets or investing in long-term infrastructure projects.
• Examples include investments in roads, schools, hospitals, and other developmental projects that contribute to economic growth.
• Capital expenditure is essential for boosting productivity and ensuring sustainable economic development.

The correct answer is Revolutionary activities.

Key Points

• The Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar were prominent revolutionary organizations formed during the Indian independence movement, particularly in Bengal.
• Anushilan Samiti was established in 1902, while Jugantar emerged as its offshoot in 1906, advocating armed resistance against British colonial rule.
• These groups focused on activities such as bomb-making, armed revolts, and targeted assassinations of British officials, aiming to weaken the British administration.
• Prominent leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh, Barindra Ghosh, and Bagha Jatin played key roles in these revolutionary movements, inspiring nationalism and self-sacrifice among Indians.
• Despite British suppression, these groups created significant awareness and laid the foundation for future movements for India's independence.

Additional Information

• Brahmo Samaj (1828):
• Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy; worshipped one eternal God, opposed priesthood/rituals, promoted reason.
• Arya Samaj (1875):
• Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati; rejected idolatry, polytheism, rituals, emphasized Vedic teachings.
• Satyashodhak Samaj (1873):
• Founded by Jyotirao Phule; aimed to save Shudras/Ati-Shudras from Brahmanical exploitation, promoted education.
• Ramakrishna Mission:
• Led by Swami Vivekananda; emphasized spiritual knowledge, service, and human unity.

The correct answer is Hydrogen sulphide.

Key Points

• Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a type of photosynthesis performed by certain bacteria where oxygen is not released as a by-product.
• Bacteria conducting anoxygenic photosynthesis use hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as an electron donor instead of water.
• During this process, hydrogen sulphide is oxidized to produce elemental sulfur (S) or sulfate (SO4^2-) as a by-product.
• These bacteria possess specialized pigments like bacteriochlorophylls to absorb light energy and drive photosynthesis in anaerobic environments.
• Anoxygenic photosynthesis typically occurs in environments with low oxygen levels, such as deep-sea sediments, hot springs, or sulfur-rich regions.

Additional Information

• Glucose:
• Glucose is an organic compound and a primary energy source for most living organisms.
• It is utilized during cellular respiration but is not used as an electron donor in photosynthesis.
• In oxygenic photosynthesis, glucose is synthesized as a product of the Calvin Cycle.
• Carbon dioxide:
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a key reactant in photosynthesis, used in the Calvin Cycle to form glucose.
• It is not an electron donor but acts as a carbon source for both oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis.
• Water:
• Water (H₂O) is used as an electron donor in oxygenic photosynthesis by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
• It undergoes photolysis, releasing oxygen (O₂) as a by-product.
• Anoxygenic photosynthesis, however, does not use water as an electron donor.
• Anoxygenic Photosynthesis:
• This process is carried out by bacteria like purple sulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria.
• Electron donors include hydrogen sulphide, ferrous iron, or organic compounds, depending on the environment and bacterial species.
• It plays a crucial role in sulfur and nutrient cycling in anaerobic ecosystems.

The correct answer is 2014.

Key Points

• The Government of India launched the National Youth Policy (NYP) in 2014 to cater to the needs and aspirations of the youth in India.
• The policy focuses on individuals aged 15 to 29 years, who make up around 27.5% of the population, highlighting its significance in national development.
• NYP 2014 prioritizes areas such as education, skill development, employment, entrepreneurship, health, and sports to empower the youth.
• The policy aims to ensure inclusive development by addressing the needs of marginalized and disadvantaged youth and involving them in nation-building activities.
• Implementation is done through collaboration between various ministries, state governments, and private organizations, leveraging schemes like Skill India and Start-Up India.

Additional Information

• Key Objectives of NYP 2014:
• To develop a productive and skilled workforce that can contribute to economic growth.
• To promote social values and community engagement among the youth.
• To ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities for youth, irrespective of their socioeconomic background.
• To encourage youth participation in governance, decision-making processes, and leadership roles.
• Priority Areas under NYP 2014:
• Education: Focus on providing universal access to quality education and vocational training.
• Skill Development: Emphasis on improving employability through skill-building programs.
• Employment & Entrepreneurship: Creating opportunities for entrepreneurship and self-employment.
• Health: Addressing the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of the youth.
• Sports: Promoting competitive sports and physical fitness programs.
• Implementation of NYP 2014:
• The policy encourages collaboration with private organizations and industries.
• It integrates existing government initiatives like Start-Up India, Digital India, and Skill India for achieving its objectives.

The correct answer is one-third.

Key Points

• The maximum strength of the Legislative Council in a state is fixed at one-third of the total strength of the State Legislative Assembly, as per Article 171 of the Indian Constitution.
• The Legislative Council is the upper house of the State Legislature, similar to the Rajya Sabha at the national level.
• The minimum strength of the Legislative Council cannot be less than 40 members, regardless of the size of the Legislative Assembly.
• The Legislative Council is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved, but one-third of its members retire every two years.
• Currently, only six states in India have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Composition of the Legislative Council:
• One-third of the members are elected by the members of local bodies such as municipalities and district boards.
• One-third are elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the state.
• One-twelfth are elected by graduates of three years’ standing residing in the state.
• One-twelfth are elected by teachers of three years’ standing in the state who are not lower in standard than secondary school.
• The remaining members are nominated by the Governor from among persons having special knowledge or practical experience in fields like literature, science, art, cooperative movement, and social service.
• Purpose of the Legislative Council:
• The Legislative Council acts as a revising chamber for legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly.
• It provides a platform for experienced and qualified individuals, who may not contest direct elections, to contribute to the legislative process.
• Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils:
• A state legislature can pass a resolution by a special majority (two-thirds of the members present and voting) to either create or abolish a Legislative Council.
• This resolution is sent to the Parliament, which can approve it by passing a law.
• Legislative Council vs. Legislative Assembly:
• The Legislative Assembly is the directly elected lower house, while the Legislative Council is the indirectly elected upper house of the State Legislature.
• Unlike the Legislative Assembly, the Legislative Council is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.

The correct answer is Garo Hills.

Key Points

• Tura is located in the Garo Hills, which is part of the state of Meghalaya in northeastern India.
• The Garo Hills come under the mild extremely humid agroclimatic zone, characterized by high rainfall and lush vegetation.
• It serves as the largest town and administrative headquarters of the West Garo Hills district.
• The region is rich in biodiversity, with dense forests and a wide variety of flora and fauna contributing to its humid climate.
• The Garo Hills are home to the Garo tribal community, known for their matrilineal society, cultural heritage, and traditional practices.

Additional Information

• Laur Hills:
• The Laur Hills are not located in Meghalaya and are not associated with Tura.
• They are lesser-known and not recognized as a major geographical feature in the northeastern region of India.
• Jaintia Hills:
• Located in Meghalaya, the Jaintia Hills are known for their limestone deposits and caves.
• This region has a distinct cultural identity, with the Jaintia tribal community residing here.
• The Jaintia Hills are part of the Meghalaya Plateau and receive significant rainfall, but they are not categorized under the mild extremely humid agroclimatic zone.
• Khasi Hills:
• The Khasi Hills, also located in Meghalaya, are known for their unique matrilineal society and vibrant cultural festivals.
• Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, is located in the Khasi Hills.
• Though the Khasi Hills share similar climatic conditions with the Garo Hills, they do not encompass Tura or the mild extremely humid agroclimatic zone.

The correct answer is Padma Vibhushan.

Key Points

• Padma Subrahmanyam, a globally recognized Bharatanatyam dancer, was conferred with the prestigious Padma Vibhushan in 2024 for her immense contributions to the field of Indian classical dance.
• The Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India, honoring "exceptional and distinguished service" in diverse fields, including arts, literature, and public affairs.
• Padma Subrahmanyam is renowned for her pioneering research on the Natya Shastra, blending traditional elements with innovative techniques in Bharatanatyam.
• She developed a unique style called "Bharata Nrityam," which incorporates ancient dance movements depicted in sculptures and texts.
• Previously, she was honored with the Padma Shri (1981) and Padma Bhushan (2003), recognizing her lifelong dedication to the Indian classical dance tradition.

Additional Information

• Padma Shri
• The Padma Shri is the fourth-highest civilian award in India, instituted in 1954.
• It is awarded for distinguished contributions in various fields, including arts, education, sports, medicine, social work, and public affairs.
• Padma Subrahmanyam was awarded the Padma Shri in 1981 for her contributions to Bharatanatyam.
• Padma Bhushan
• The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in India.
• It recognizes "distinguished service of a high order" in any field.
• Padma Subrahmanyam received the Padma Bhushan in 2003 for her exemplary work in Indian classical dance and scholarship.
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
• This award is considered the highest recognition in the field of performing arts in India.
• It is presented by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's national academy for music, dance, and drama, to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to these fields.
• Padma Subrahmanyam has also been honored with this award in recognition of her contributions to Bharatanatyam.
• Bharatanatyam
• Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance forms in India, originating in Tamil Nadu.
• It draws heavily from the Natya Shastra, the ancient Indian treatise on performing arts written by Bharata Muni.
• Traditionally performed in temples, Bharatanatyam combines intricate footwork, graceful movements, and expressive gestures (abhinaya) to depict stories, often based on Hindu mythology.

The correct answer is Manipuri.

Key Points

• Manipuri is one of the eight recognized classical dance forms of India, originating from the northeastern state of Manipur.
• The dance form is deeply rooted in the Vaishnavite traditions of the region, revolving around devotion and spirituality.
• The Raas-Leela in Manipuri portrays episodes from the life of Lord Krishna, focusing on the eternal and divine love between Radha and Krishna.
• It is characterized by soft, graceful, and fluid movements, emphasizing expressiveness and storytelling over dramatic gestures.
• Traditional Manipuri costumes, such as the Potloi (cylindrical skirts for women) and dhoti for men, add to the aesthetic appeal of the dance form.
• Musical accompaniment includes traditional instruments such as the Pung (drum), Kartal (cymbals), and harmonium, which enhance the devotional atmosphere.

Additional Information

• Kuchipudi
• Kuchipudi is a classical dance form from Andhra Pradesh, India, blending dance, music, and acting.
• It is known for its narrative storytelling, often featuring mythological and spiritual themes.
• Performers use intricate footwork and graceful movements, accompanied by dialogues and songs.
• Kuchipudi performances often include dramatic enactments of Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• Sattriya
• Sattriya, originating from Assam, is a classical dance form introduced by the Vaishnavite saint Srimanta Sankardeva.
• It is performed in monasteries called Satras and emphasizes devotion to Lord Krishna.
• The dance includes rhythmic movements, storytelling, and traditional Assamese music.
• Sattriya costumes are simple yet elegant, reflecting the spiritual essence of the dance.
• Chhau
• Chhau is a semi-classical dance form from eastern India, including states like Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
• The dance is known for its vigorous movements, martial art elements, and use of masks (in certain styles).
• It depicts episodes from epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata, as well as folk tales and themes.
• Chhau dance is performed during festivals and rituals, showcasing the cultural richness of the region.

Given:

(36 ÷ 9){(56 ÷ 8) + (14 ÷ 1) × (6 - 5)}

Formula Used:

Basic arithmetic operations: ÷ for division, × for multiplication.

Order of operations: Parentheses → Division/Multiplication → Addition/Subtraction.

Calculation:

⇒ (36 ÷ 9) = 4

⇒ (56 ÷ 8) = 7

⇒ (14 ÷ 1) = 14

⇒ (6 - 5) = 1

⇒ (14 × 1) = 14

⇒ {(56 ÷ 8) + (14 ÷ 1) × (6 - 5)} = 7 + 14 = 21

⇒ [(36 ÷ 9) × {(56 ÷ 8) + (14 ÷ 1) × (6 - 5)}] = 4 × 21 = 84

∴ The correct answer is 84.

Shortcut Trick

Let C's salary be the base value of 100.

A's salary is 40% more → 140.

B's salary is 70% more → 170.

Required Ratio (B : A) = 170 : 140 = 17 : 14

∴ The correct answer is 17 : 14.

Alternate Method

Given:

A's salary = C's salary + 40%

B's salary = C's salary + 70%

C

100% (Base)

A

140% (+40%)

B

170% (+70%)

Ratio B : A = 170 : 140 = 17 : 14

Calculations:

⇒ Let C's salary = x

⇒ A's salary = x + (40/100) × x = 1.4x

⇒ B's salary = x + (70/100) × x = 1.7x

⇒ Ratio of B's salary to A's salary = B / A

⇒ Ratio = 1.7x / 1.4x

⇒ Ratio = 17 / 14 = 17 : 14

∴ The correct answer is 17 : 14.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

Percentage change is calculated on the original base value. If a value is p% more than a base x, the new value becomes x × (100 + p)/100.

Ratio & Proportion

A ratio compares values of the same unit. When finding the ratio of two variables expressed in terms of a common third variable, the third variable cancels out completely.

Successive Percentage

If two successive percentage changes a% and b% occur on a number, the net percentage change is given by the formula (a + b + a × b / 100)%.

Given:

2 - [3 - {6 - (6 - 4 + 6)}] 

Formula Used:

Order of operations: Parentheses → Brackets → Outer Brackets.

Calculation:

⇒ 2 - [3 - {6 - (6 - 4 + 6)}]

⇒ 2 - [3 - {6 + (2)}]

⇒ 2 - [3 - {8}]

⇒ 2 - [5]

⇒ 2 - 5

⇒ -3

∴ The correct answer is -3.

Shortcut Trick

Total time = 2 + 24/60 = 12/5 hours.

Time to cover first 8 km (1/3^rd of 24) at 8 km/hr = 8 ÷ 8 = 1 hour.

Remaining time = 12/5 − 1 = 7/5 hours.

Remaining distance = 24 − 8 = 16 km.

Required speed = Distance ÷ Time = 16 ÷ (7/5) = 80/7 = 11 3/7 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 11 3/7 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total distance = 24 km

Total time = 2 hours 24 minutes

Speed for initial 1/3^rd distance = 8 km/hr

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Total Distance = 24 km

8 km

16 km

Speed = 8 km/hr Time = 1 hr Speed = ? km/hr Time = 7/5 hr

Total Time = 2 hr 24 min (12/5 hr)

Calculations:

⇒ Total time = 2 + (24/60) hours = 2 + 2/5 = 12/5 hours

⇒ Initial 1/3^rd distance = 24 × 1/3 = 8 km

⇒ Time taken for initial distance = 8 ÷ 8 = 1 hour

⇒ Remaining distance = 24 − 8 = 16 km

⇒ Remaining time = Total time − Initial time

⇒ Remaining time = 12/5 − 1 = (12 − 5)/5 = 7/5 hours

⇒ Speed for remaining distance = Remaining distance ÷ Remaining time

⇒ Speed = 16 ÷ (7/5) = (16 × 5) / 7 = 80/7 km/hr

⇒ Speed = 11 3/7 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 11 3/7 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed

Average speed is the total distance covered divided by the total time taken. If equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, average speed = (2xy)/(x + y).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = (S₁ − S₂). In opposite directions, relative speed = (S₁ + S₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to km/hr, multiply by 18/5.

Shortcut Trick

Loss = CP of 15 balls − SP of 15 balls

CP of 5 balls = CP of 15 balls − ₹1,220

15 CP − 5 CP = ₹1,220 ⇒ 10 CP = ₹1,220

CP of 1 ball = ₹1,220 ÷ 10 = ₹122

∴ The correct answer is ₹122.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price (SP) of 15 balls = ₹1,220

Loss incurred = Cost Price (CP) of 5 balls

Formula Used:

Loss = Total Cost Price (CP) − Total Selling Price (SP)

10 × CP 5 × CP

SP of 15 balls = ₹1,220

Loss = 5 × CP

Total Cost Price of 15 balls = 15 × CP

10 × CP = 1220 ⇒ 1 CP = ₹122

Calculations:

⇒ Let the Cost Price (CP) of one ball be ₹x.

⇒ Total CP of 15 balls = ₹15x

⇒ Loss incurred on selling 15 balls = CP of 5 balls = ₹5x

⇒ Loss = Total CP − Total SP

⇒ 5x = 15x − 1220

⇒ 15x − 5x = 1220

⇒ 10x = 1220

⇒ x = 1220 ÷ 10

⇒ x = 122

∴ The correct answer is ₹122.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when Selling Price > Cost Price (Profit = SP − CP). Loss occurs when Cost Price > Selling Price (Loss = CP − SP). All calculations are strictly based on the Cost Price.

Profit / Loss Percentage

Both Profit % and Loss % are always calculated relative to the Cost Price: Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100.

Equating Quantities Rule

When SP of 'a' articles equals CP of 'b' articles, the overall Profit or Loss % can be calculated directly using: ((b − a) ÷ a) × 100.

Shortcut Trick

Let the final number of students in sections A, B, and C be 10y, 9y, and 11y.

The initial students in sections A and B were (10y − 15) and (9y − 16).

Equating these to their initial ratio: (10y − 15) / (9y − 16) = 5 / 4

⇒ 40y − 60 = 45y − 80 ⇒ 5y = 20 ⇒ y = 4

Total new students = 10y + 9y + 11y = 30y = 30 × 4 = 120.

∴ The correct answer is 120 students.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial ratio of students in sections A, B, and C = 5 : 4 : 7

New students admitted to A, B, and C = 15, 16, and 9 respectively.

Final ratio of students after admissions = 10 : 9 : 11

Section A Section B Section C

5x

4x

7x

+15

+16

+9

10y

9y

11y

Total New Students = 10y + 9y + 11y = 30y

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial number of students in sections A, B, and C be 5x, 4x, and 7x respectively.

⇒ After the new admissions, students in A = 5x + 15

⇒ Students in B = 4x + 16

⇒ Students in C = 7x + 9

⇒ According to the new ratio for sections A and B:

⇒ (5x + 15) / (4x + 16) = 10 / 9

⇒ 9 × (5x + 15) = 10 × (4x + 16)

⇒ 45x + 135 = 40x + 160

⇒ 45x − 40x = 160 − 135

⇒ 5x = 25 ⇒ x = 5

⇒ Now, substitute x = 5 to find the final number of students in each section:

⇒ Final students in A = 5(5) + 15 = 40

⇒ Final students in B = 4(5) + 16 = 36

⇒ Final students in C = 7(5) + 9 = 44

⇒ Total final number of students = 40 + 36 + 44 = 120

∴ The correct answer is 120 students.

Additional Information

Ratio & Proportion

If a : b = c : d, then a × d = b × c. This cross-multiplication method is universally applied to solve unknown terms in given proportions.

Direct Multiple Check Trick

When asked for a total based on a final ratio, the total must mathematically be a strict multiple of the sum of the final ratio parts (e.g., 10 + 9 + 11 = 30). Checking options for multiples of 30 can often eliminate incorrect choices instantly.

Compound Ratio

When multiple independent ratios are combined together, the compound ratio is simply the product of antecedent terms to the product of consequent terms, written as (a × c) : (b × d).

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(30, 33, 36, 44) = 1980 units.

Efficiencies: A = 66, B = 60, C = 55, D = 45 units/day.

Work in 4-day cycle = 2 × (A + B + C) + 2 × (A + B + D) = 2 × 181 + 2 × 171 = 704 units.

Work in 8 days (2 cycles) = 1408 units. Remaining = 1980 − 1408 = 572 units.

In next 3 days, work done = 362 (by A, B, C in 2 days) + 171 (by A, B, D in 1 day) = 533 units.

Remaining 39 units takes 39 ÷ 171 = 13/57 days. Total time = 11 + 13/57 days.

∴ The correct answer is 11¹³⁄₅₇ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 30 days

Time taken by B = 33 days

Time taken by C = 36 days

Time taken by D = 44 days

Let total work be the LCM of (30, 33, 36, 44).

Calculations:

⇒ Combined efficiency of A, B and C = 66 + 60 + 55 = 181 units/day

⇒ Combined efficiency of A, B and D = 66 + 60 + 45 = 171 units/day

⇒ For the first 2 days, A, B and C work together. Work done = 181 × 2 = 362 units

⇒ For the next 2 days, A, B and D work together. Work done = 171 × 2 = 342 units

⇒ Total work done in 1 cycle of 4 days = 362 + 342 = 704 units

⇒ Work done in 2 complete cycles (8 days) = 704 × 2 = 1408 units

⇒ Remaining work after 8 days = 1980 − 1408 = 572 units

⇒ On days 9 and 10, A, B and C work again. Work completed = 362 units

⇒ Remaining work after 10 days = 572 − 362 = 210 units

⇒ On day 11, A, B and D work and complete 171 units.

⇒ Remaining work after 11 days = 210 − 171 = 39 units

⇒ On day 12, A, B and D continue. Time taken for remaining work = 39 ÷ 171 = 13/57 days

⇒ Total time taken = 8 + 2 + 1 + 13/57 = 11¹³⁄₅₇ days

∴ The correct answer is 11¹³⁄₅₇ days.

Additional Information

LCM Method for Time & Work

Assuming the total work to be the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given times ensures that each person's per-day work (efficiency) is an integer, significantly speeding up calculations.

Alternate Days Concept

When individuals or groups work on alternating days, the work forms a repeating cycle. Find the total work done in one complete cycle and determine the maximum number of full cycles that fit into the total work before dealing with the remainder step-by-step.

Efficiency and Total Work Rule

Total Work = Efficiency × Time. If multiple entities work simultaneously, their individual efficiencies are simply added up: Combined Efficiency = E₁ + E₂ + E₃.

Given:

32 ÷ 8 × 4 - 2 × 3

Formula Used:

Follow BODMAS (Bracket, Order, Division/Multiplication, Addition/Subtraction).

Calculation:

⇒ 32 ÷ 8 × 4 - 2 × 3

⇒ 4 × 4 - 2 × 3

⇒ 16 - 6

⇒ 10

∴ The correct answer is 10.

Shortcut Trick

According to the weighted average concept, if the overall percentage equals the percentage of one component, the other component must also have the exact same percentage.

The overall literacy rate of the district is 65%.

The literacy rate among males is also given as 65%.

Therefore, to maintain this identical overall average, the female literacy rate must also be exactly 65%.

∴ The correct answer is 65%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total population = 327000

Male population = 224000

Overall literate percentage = 65%

Male literate percentage = 65%

Male (65%)

Female (x%)

65% Total

|x − 65| 0

Pop. Ratio → 224 : 103

Formula Used:

Total Literate Population = Literate Males + Literate Females

Calculations:

⇒ Female population = Total population − Male population

⇒ Female population = 327000 − 224000 = 103000

⇒ Total literate population = 65% of 327000

⇒ Total literates = (65 ÷ 100) × 327000 = 212550

⇒ Literate males = 65% of 224000

⇒ Literate males = (65 ÷ 100) × 224000 = 145600

⇒ Literate females = Total literates − Literate males

⇒ Literate females = 212550 − 145600 = 66950

⇒ Percentage of literate females = (Literate females ÷ Female population) × 100

⇒ % Literate females = (66950 ÷ 103000) × 100

⇒ % Literate females = 6695 ÷ 103 = 65%

∴ The correct answer is 65%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Logic

When a population is divided into two groups, if one group shares the exact same percentage or average as the entire combined population, the second group must inevitably share that identical percentage to keep the balance.

Alligation Method

A fast technique to find the ratio of components in a mixture. The ratio of quantities is derived using cross-differences: |A₂ − A_w| : |A_w − A₁|, where A_w is the weighted average.

Percentage Calculation

To calculate what percentage a specific part represents out of a whole, always use the formula: (Part Value ÷ Total Base Value) × 100. Always ensure the base value corresponds to the specific group in question (e.g., total females).

Shortcut Trick

Effective rate of CI for 2 years = R + R + (R × R) ÷ 100

Effective CI rate = 4 + 4 + (4 × 4) ÷ 100 = 8.16%

Effective SI rate = 4 × 2 = 8%

Given, 8.16% corresponds to → ₹229.5

SI (8%) = (229.5 ÷ 8.16) × 8 = ₹225

∴ The correct answer is ₹225.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rate (R) = 4% per annum, Time (T) = 2 years, Compound Interest (CI) = ₹229.5

Formula Used:

CI = P × [(1 + R/100)² − 1]

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Principal (100%)

4% 4%

Year 1 SI: 4%

Year 2 SI: 4%

4% of 4%

Interest diff: 0.16%

Total SI = 8% Total CI = 8.16%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the principal be P.

⇒ 229.5 = P × [(1 + 4/100)² − 1]

⇒ 229.5 = P × [(1 + 1/25)² − 1]

⇒ 229.5 = P × [(26/25)² − 1]

⇒ 229.5 = P × [676/625 − 1]

⇒ 229.5 = P × (51/625)

⇒ P = (229.5 × 625) ÷ 51

⇒ P = 4.5 × 625 = ₹2812.5

⇒ Now, Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = (2812.5 × 4 × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = 22500 ÷ 100 = ₹225

∴ The correct answer is ₹225.

Additional Information

Effective CI Rate for 2 Years

The effective compound interest rate for two years at R% per annum can be directly calculated using the successive percentage formula: 2R + (R² ÷ 100)%.

Direct Relation Between SI and CI for 2 Years

For a given principal and rate, the direct relationship between Simple Interest (SI) and Compound Interest (CI) for 2 years is defined as CI = SI × (1 + R ÷ 200).

Difference Between CI and SI for 2 Years

The exact numerical difference between compound interest and simple interest on a principal P for 2 years at rate R% is evaluated using the formula: Diff = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Shortcut Trick

Using the Average Net Deviation method:

Age of Teacher = Old Average + (New Total Members × Increase in Average)

Age of Teacher = 40 + (29 × 1)

Age of Teacher = 40 + 29 = 69 years

∴ The correct answer is 69 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average age of 28 students = 40 years

Average age of 29 persons (28 students + 1 teacher) = 41 years

Formula Used:

Sum of ages = Average age × Number of persons

Initial Sum

1120 (28 × 40)

New Sum

1120

Teacher

Total = 1189 (29 × 41)

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 28 students = 28 × 40 = 1120 years

⇒ Total age of 29 persons = 29 × 41 = 1189 years

⇒ Age of the teacher = Total age of 29 persons − Total age of 28 students

⇒ Age of the teacher = 1189 − 1120 = 69 years

∴ The correct answer is 69 years.

Additional Information

Average Formula

Average = Sum of all observations ÷ Total number of observations.

Inclusion of a New Member

Value of new member = Old Average + (New Total Members × Increase in Average).

Replacement of a Member

New member value = Replaced member value + (Total Members × Change in Average).

Given:

2% of x = 360

Formula Used:

Percentage formula: x × (percentage / 100)

To find x: x = (value × 100) / percentage

Calculation:

⇒ x = (360 × 100) / 2

⇒ x = 36000 / 2

⇒ x = 18000

∴ The correct answer is 18000.

Shortcut Trick

The successive percentage formula can be directly used to find the net profit percentage.

Net Profit % = Markup % − Discount % − (Markup % × Discount %) ÷ 100

Net Profit % = 50 − 12 − (50 × 12) ÷ 100

Net Profit % = 38 − 600 ÷ 100

Net Profit % = 38 − 6 = 32%

∴ The correct answer is 32%.

Alternate Method

CP = 100

MP = 150

SP = 132

+50% Markup

−12% Discount

+32% Profit

Given:

Markup percentage = 50% above CP

Discount percentage = 12% on MP

Formulas Used:

Marked Price (MP) = Cost Price (CP) × (100 + Markup %) ÷ 100

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (100 − Discount %) ÷ 100

Profit % = [(SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Let Cost Price (CP) = 100

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 100 + 50% of 100 = 150

⇒ Discount = 12% of MP

⇒ Discount = (12 ÷ 100) × 150 = 18

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount

⇒ SP = 150 − 18 = 132

⇒ Profit = SP − CP = 132 − 100 = 32

⇒ Profit % = (32 ÷ 100) × 100 = 32%

∴ The correct answer is 32%.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

The price printed or tagged on an article is called its marked price. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price, not on the Cost Price or Selling Price.

Relation between CP and MP

A direct relationship ratio between CP and MP is: CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount %) ÷ (100 + Profit %).

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given, the equivalent single discount is given by [a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100]%.

Shortcut Trick

Difference in investment = ₹9400 − ₹5400 = ₹4000.

Extra simple interest for 6 years = ₹720.

Extra interest for 1 year = 720 ÷ 6 = ₹120.

Rate % = (Interest for 1 year ÷ Extra Principal) × 100

Rate % = (120 ÷ 4000) × 100 = 3%.

∴ The correct answer is 3%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Gopal's Principal (P₁) = ₹5400

Akshay's Principal (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 6 years

Difference in Interest (I₂ − I₁) = ₹720

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Principal & Interest Comparison:

Gopal: ₹5400

Akshay: ₹5400

• ₹4000

Yields ₹720 extra SI in 6 years

Calculations:

⇒ I₂ − I₁ = [(P₂ × R × T) ÷ 100] − [(P₁ × R × T) ÷ 100]

⇒ 720 = [(9400 − 5400) × R × 6] ÷ 100

⇒ 720 = (4000 × R × 6) ÷ 100

⇒ 720 = 240 × R

⇒ R = 720 ÷ 240

⇒ R = 3%

∴ The correct answer is 3%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI)

It is calculated as SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is the Principal amount, R is the Rate of interest per annum, and T is the Time in years.

Proportionality in SI

If the rate of interest and time period are constant, the simple interest earned is directly proportional to the principal invested. Difference in SI = (ΔP × R × T) ÷ 100.

Total Amount

The total amount at the end of the investment period is the sum of the principal and the interest earned: A = P + SI.

Shortcut Trick

Total distance to cross = Sum of train lengths = 210 + 440 = 650 m.

Relative speed (same direction) = 90 − 60 = 30 km/h.

Convert relative speed to m/s = 30 × (5 / 18) = 25 / 3 m/s.

Time to cross = Distance ÷ Speed = 650 × (3 / 25) = 78 seconds.

Time in minutes = 78 ÷ 60 = 1.3 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 1.3 minutes.

Alternate Method

Train 1 (210 m)

60 km/h

Train 2 (440 m)

90 km/h

Total Relative Distance = 210 + 440 = 650 m

Trains Moving in Same Direction

Given:

Length of slower train (L₁) = 210 m

Length of faster train (L₂) = 440 m

Speed of slower train (V₁) = 60 km/h

Speed of faster train (V₂) = 90 km/h

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (Same Direction) = V₂ − V₁

Time to cross = (L₁ + L₂) ÷ Relative Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = L₁ + L₂ = 210 + 440 = 650 m

⇒ Relative Speed = 90 − 60 = 30 km/h

⇒ Convert speed to m/s = 30 × (5 / 18) = 150 / 18 = 25 / 3 m/s

⇒ Time taken = Total Distance ÷ Relative Speed

⇒ Time taken = 650 ÷ (25 / 3) = 650 × (3 / 25)

⇒ Time taken = 26 × 3 = 78 seconds

⇒ Convert time to minutes = 78 ÷ 60 = 1.3 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 1.3 minutes.

Additional Information

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, their relative speed is the difference of their individual speeds (V₁ − V₂). When moving in opposite directions, it is the sum of their speeds (V₁ + V₂).

Trains Crossing

When a train completely crosses another train (whether moving or stationary) or a platform, the total distance covered to clear each other is always the sum of their lengths (L₁ + L₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply the value by (5 / 18). Conversely, to convert from m/s to km/h, multiply by (18 / 5).

Shortcut Trick Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair be 1 unit. Total SP = 150 units, Profit = SP of 75 chairs = 75 units. Cost Price (CP) = Total SP − Profit = 150 − 75 = 75 units. Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 = (75 ÷ 75) × 100 = 100%. ∴ The correct answer is 100%. Alternate Method Given: Number of chairs sold = 150 Gain = Selling Price (SP) of 75 chairs Formula Used: Gain = SP − Cost Price (CP) Gain % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100

Total SP of 150 chairs = 150 units

CP = 75 units

Profit = 75 units

Profit % = (75 ÷ 75) × 100 = 100%

Calculation: ⇒ Let the Selling Price of 1 chair be 1 unit. ⇒ Total SP of 150 chairs = 150 × 1 = 150 units ⇒ Gain = SP of 75 chairs = 75 × 1 = 75 units ⇒ We know that CP = SP − Gain ⇒ CP of 150 chairs = 150 − 75 = 75 units ⇒ Substitute CP and Gain values into the formula to find Gain % : ⇒ Gain % = (75 ÷ 75) × 100 ⇒ Gain % = 1 × 100 = 100% ∴ The correct answer is 100%. Additional Information Profit and Loss Basics Profit occurs when Selling Price > Cost Price. Profit = SP − CP. Loss occurs when Cost Price > Selling Price. Loss = CP − SP. Profit/Loss Percentage Both profit and loss percentages are always calculated on the Cost Price (CP) as the base, unless the question explicitly specifies otherwise. Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100. Dishonest Dealer Concept When a dealer claims to sell goods at Cost Price but uses a false weight, the actual profit percentage is given by: Profit % = (True Weight − False Weight) ÷ False Weight × 100.

Given:

79 - 10 × [ 2 + 3 × { 12 - 6 ( 6 - 5 ) × 2} ÷ 20]

Formula Used:

a - b × [ c + d × { e - f(g - h) × i } ÷ j ]

Calculation:

⇒ 79 - 10 × [ 2 + 3 × { 12 - 6(6 - 5) × 2 } ÷ 20 ]

⇒ 79 - 10 × [ 2 + 3 × { 12 - 6(1) × 2 } ÷ 20 ]

⇒ 79 - 10 × [ 2 + 3 × { 12 - 12 } ÷ 20 ]

⇒ 79 - 10 × [ 2 + 3 × 0 ÷ 20 ]

⇒ 79 - 10 × [ 2 + 0 ]

⇒ 79 - 10 × 2

⇒ 79 - 20

⇒ 59

∴ The correct answer is 59.

Shortcut Trick

Rate for 10 months = 12% × (10 ÷ 12) = 10%.

Total time = 2.5 years = 30 months = 3 compounding cycles.

Amount = Principal × (1.1)³ = 1.331 × Principal.

Principal = 75867 ÷ 1.331 = 57000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹57000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amount (A) = ₹75867

Time (T) = 2.5 years = 30 months

Rate (R) = 12% per annum

Interest compounded every 10 months

Formula Used:

A = P × (1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ

+10% +10% +10% 10 months 10 months 10 months Principal (x) = ? x(1.1) x(1.21) Amount (A) = 75,867

Total Time = 30 Months

Calculations:

⇒ Effective rate for 10 months (R) = 12% × (10 ÷ 12) = 10%

⇒ Number of compounding periods (n) = 30 months ÷ 10 months = 3

⇒ 75867 = x × (1 + 10 ÷ 100)³

⇒ 75867 = x × (11 ÷ 10)³

⇒ 75867 = x × (1331 ÷ 1000)

⇒ x = 75867 × 1000 ÷ 1331

⇒ x = 57 × 1000

⇒ x = 57000

∴ The correct answer is ₹57000.

Additional Information

Effective Rate for Compounding

When interest is compounded multiple times, the effective annual rate is higher than the nominal rate. For 3 periods at 10%, the equivalent rate is 33.1%.

Fractional Time Period Method

If time is given in fractions like 2.5 years and rate is annual, convert the total time into months and divide by the compounding frequency to get the number of cycles (n).

Amount vs Principal in CI

Compound interest formula computes the total Amount (Principal + Interest) directly: A = P × (1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ. To find interest alone, subtract P from A.

Shortcut Trick

When melting and recasting, the total volume remains constant.

Volume ratio of Large Cube to One Small Cube = 8 : 1

Side ratio = (Volume ratio)^1/3 = (8)^1/3 : (1)^1/3 = 2 : 1

The side of the large cube represents 2 parts = 9 cm.

Therefore, the side of the small cube (1 part) = 9 ÷ 2 = 4.5 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 4.5 cm.

Alternate Method

9 cm Large Cube

Recast

a cm

× 8 Small Cubes

Given:

⇒ Side of the large cube = 9 cm

⇒ Number of small cubes formed = 8

Formula Used:

⇒ Volume of a cube = (Side)³

⇒ Total volume before melting = Total volume after recasting

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of the large iron cube = 9 × 9 × 9 = 729 cm³

⇒ The large cube is melted into 8 equal small cubes.

⇒ Let the side of each small cube be a cm.

⇒ Volume of 8 small cubes = 8 × a³

⇒ 8 × a³ = 729

⇒ a³ = 729 ÷ 8

⇒ a = (729 ÷ 8)^1/3

⇒ a = 9 ÷ 2

⇒ a = 4.5 cm

∴ The correct answer is 4.5 cm.

Additional Information

Conservation of Volume

When any 3D object is melted and recast into another shape (or multiple smaller objects), the total volume remains constant, while the total surface area usually increases.

Cube Properties

Volume of a cube = a³

Total Surface Area (TSA) = 6a²

Diagonal of a cube = a√3

Ratio Theorem for 3D Shapes

If two similar 3D objects have a side/radius ratio of a : b, their corresponding surface area ratio is a² : b², and their volume ratio is a³ : b³.

Shortcut Trick

Total cost of 12 chairs = Total amount − Total cost of 6 tables

Total cost of 12 chairs = 12600 − (6 × 1500)

Total cost of 12 chairs = 12600 − 9000 = 3600

Average cost of 1 chair = 3600 ÷ 12 = 300

∴ The correct answer is ₹300.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total cost of 12 chairs and 6 tables = ₹12,600

Average cost of a table = ₹1,500

Formula Used:

Total Cost = Average Cost × Quantity

Total Cost = ₹12,600

6 Tables 6 × 1500 = ₹9,000

12 Chairs ₹3,600

1 Chair = 3600 ÷ 12 = ₹300

Calculations:

⇒ Total cost of 6 tables = 6 × 1500 = ₹9,000

⇒ Total cost of 12 chairs = Total cost − Total cost of tables

⇒ Total cost of 12 chairs = 12600 − 9000 = ₹3,600

⇒ Average cost of a chair = Total cost of 12 chairs ÷ 12

⇒ Average cost of a chair = 3600 ÷ 12 = ₹300

∴ The correct answer is ₹300.

Additional Information

Averages

Average is the sum of all given observations divided by the total number of observations. Formula: Average = Sum of observations ÷ Number of observations.

Weighted Average

When multiple groups have varying averages and sizes, the combined average is calculated as: Combined Average = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Method

This method uses an assumed average. The true average is derived by finding the net change (sum of deviations) divided by the total count and adjusting the assumed average accordingly.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Friendly and in good mood.

Key Points

• The word "Jovial" refers to someone who is cheerful, friendly, and in a good mood. (मिलनसार और अच्छे मूड में)
• Example: Despite the challenges, he remained jovial and spread positivity wherever he went.
• Hence, the word "Jovial" accurately reflects the definition of being friendly and in good spirits.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Friendly and in good mood.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Very cautious (बहुत सतर्क): Refers to someone who is extremely careful or alert about possible dangers or problems.
• Example: She was very cautious while walking on the icy road.
• Option 3: Angry (गुस्सैल): Refers to someone feeling strong displeasure or hostility.
• Example: He was angry at being ignored during the meeting.
• Option 4: Pensive mood (चिंतनशील मूड): Refers to a state of being deeply thoughtful, often in a melancholic way.
• Example: She sat by the window, lost in a pensive mood, thinking about her future.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "incorrigible" refers to someone or something that is incapable of being corrected, improved, or reformed. (असुधारनीय)
• Example: Despite numerous warnings, his incorrigible habit of procrastination remained unchanged.
• Option 2: "He is a very bad liar beyond correction" aligns with the meaning of "incorrigible," as it suggests that the person cannot be corrected or changed. (असुधारनीय)
• Example: The student was incorrigible, constantly disrupting the class despite repeated attempts to discipline him.
• Hence, Option 2 correctly captures the essence of the word "incorrigible."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: "Modern technology has enabled paints to last longer and retain their freshness." This refers to durability and freshness, not to the inability to be corrected. (टिकाऊपन और ताजगी)
• Example: The newly developed paint is designed to last for years without fading.
• Option 3: "The weather is very warm with no sign of abating." This describes persistent weather conditions, but it does not relate to being beyond correction. (मौसम की गर्मी)
• Example: The summer heat persisted throughout the month with no sign of relief.
• Option 4: "The teacher found the mid-day meal too salty to eat." This describes the taste of the food, which does not match the meaning of "incorrigible." (बहुत ज्यादा नमकीन)
• Example: The soup was too salty to enjoy, so I decided to skip it.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The idiom "Spill the beans" means to reveal secret information unintentionally or deliberately. (गुप्त जानकारी उजागर करना)
• Example: He spilled the beans about the surprise party before anyone could stop him.
• The correct meaning of this idiom is "To tell people secret information." (लोगों को गुप्त जानकारी बताना)
• Example: She spilled the beans about the company's new product launch during the meeting.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: To cook a meal (एक भोजन पकाना): Refers to the act of preparing food.
• Example: She loves to cook a meal for her family every weekend.
• Option 3: To clean up a mess (गंदगी को साफ करना): Refers to the act of tidying up a disorganized or dirty space.
• Example: After the party, we had to clean up the mess left in the living room.
• Option 4: To drop something accidentally (कुछ गलती से गिराना): Refers to unintentionally letting go of an object.
• Example: He dropped the glass accidentally while washing dishes.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'gentel'.

• The correct spelling would be 'gentle'.
• The word 'gentle' is an adjective which means 'having or showing a mild, kind, or tender temperament or character'. (मृदु)
• For Example -
• The gentle breeze made the afternoon even more pleasant.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'gentel'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Breaze - This is an incorrect spelling of the word 'breeze'. Breeze means a gentle wind. (हल्की हवा)
• Enjoyeing - This is an incorrect spelling of the word 'enjoying'. Enjoying means taking delight or pleasure in something. (आनंद लेना)
• Sprewled - This is an incorrect spelling of the word 'sprawled'. Sprawled means to lie or sit with arms and legs spread out in a relaxed way. (फैल जाना)

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Option 3 contains a grammatical error in the sentence: "I think we will meeting again before long."
• The verb form "meeting" is incorrect in this context as it is not in the future tense.
• In future tense sentences, the structure should be "will + base verb" (e.g., "will meet").
• The correct sentence should be: "I think we will meet again before long."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "I think we will meet again before long."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "I am sure you will pass the exam." – This sentence is grammatically correct and in future tense.
• Option 2: "The jacket will look nice on you." – This sentence is grammatically correct and in future tense.
• Option 4: "I think you will like George if you meet him." – This sentence is grammatically correct and in future tense.

The correct answer is 'excruciating'.

 

Key Points

• The word "excruciating" means intensely painful.
• It collocates perfectly with the word "pain" to describe severe discomfort.
• Other options like "quick," "awkward," and "external" do not fit the context appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: He suffers from excruciating pain in the joints.

Additional Information

• Quick: refers to something happening with speed, which does not fit the context.
• Awkward: means causing discomfort or embarrassment, which is unrelated to pain.
• External: means outside or outer, which does not describe the nature of the pain.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The given sentence states that someone has been writing articles and giving presentations on their research.
• The phrase "has been writing" implies an ongoing action, but "most articles" is incorrect and sounds vague.
• The substitution "has written several articles" makes the sentence grammatically correct and precise.
• It correctly conveys the idea of completed actions in the present perfect tense.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "He has written several articles and has given presentations on his research."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "was write many articles" – This is grammatically incorrect as it uses the wrong verb tense and structure.
• Option 3: "had written few articles" – This is incorrect as it uses the past perfect tense, which is not suitable for the given context.
• Option 4: "will write more articles" – This is incorrect as it refers to future actions, which is not relevant to the sentence.

The correct answer is: Worsen.

Key Points

• The word "Ameliorate" means to make something better or improve a situation. (सुधारना)
• Example: The manager tried to ameliorate the working conditions for his employees.
• "Worsen" refers to the opposite of ameliorate, meaning to make something worse or deteriorate. (बिगाड़ना)
• Example: The heavy rain worsened the already damaged roads in the city.
• Hence, the antonym of 'Ameliorate' is 'Worsen'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Worsen.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Improve (सुधारना): To make better or enhance the quality of something.
• Example: The new study methods helped improve her grades significantly.
• Detach (अलग करना): To separate something or remove it from its position.
• Example: She detached the photograph from the album carefully.
• Explode (फटना): To burst or blow up violently, often accompanied by a loud noise.
• Example: The firework exploded in the sky, creating a stunning visual display.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Able to recover quickly.

Key Points

• The word "Resilient" refers to the ability to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions; it implies toughness and adaptability. (लचीला / दृढ़)
• Example: Despite the challenges, she remained resilient and completed her project on time.
• Explanation of the word:
• The word "Resilient" means someone or something that bounces back or recovers quickly from setbacks, adversity, or pressure. (लचीला)
• Hindi meaning: (लचीला / जल्दी ठीक हो जाने वाला)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Able to recover quickly.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: Overly sensitive (अत्यधिक संवेदनशील): Refers to someone who reacts very strongly to small things, often emotionally.
• Example: She is overly sensitive to criticism and often takes comments personally.
• Option 3: Easily distracted (आसानी से विचलित हो जाने वाला): Refers to someone who cannot maintain focus and gets diverted by small things.
• Example: He is easily distracted while studying, which affects his performance.
• Option 4: Weak and fragile (कमजोर और नाजुक): Refers to something or someone that lacks strength or durability.
• Example: The weak and fragile bridge collapsed under heavy weight.

The correct answer is: Option 2: Agitated.

Key Points

• The word "composed" means calm, serene, or in control; it refers to a state where one is not disturbed or anxious. (शांत)
• Example: She remained composed even when faced with difficult questions during the interview.
• "Agitated" is the antonym of composed, which means disturbed, restless, or emotionally unsettled. (उत्तेजित)
• Example: The sudden news agitated her, and she couldn’t focus on her work.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'composed' is 'agitated'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2: Agitated.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Secured (सुरक्षित): Free from danger or risk, or firmly fixed.
• Example: The doors were secured to prevent unauthorized entry.
• Rectified (सुधारा हुआ): Corrected or fixed an issue or mistake.
• Example: He rectified the error in the report before submitting it.
• Focused (एकाग्र): Concentrated on a particular task or goal.
• Example: She was focused on her studies to achieve her goals.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Reluctently'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Reluctantly'.
• The word 'Reluctantly' is an adverb which means 'in an unwilling and hesitant way'. (अनिच्छा से)
• For Example -
• She reluctantly agreed to go to the party.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Reluctently'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Fatally - in a way that causes death (घातक रूप से)
• Sternly - in a serious and severe manner, especially when asserting authority (कठोरता से)
• Irritably - in a way that shows a tendency to be easily annoyed (चिड़चिड़ेपन से)

The correct answer is 'candid'.

 

Key Points

• The word "candid" means being honest and straightforward in speech or expression. (स्पष्टवादी)
• The sentence implies that she was open and honest when addressing the discrimination issue.
• The other options: "reticent," "inhibited," and "laconic" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: She was candid when she pointed out the discrimination against women to her manager.

Additional Information

• Reticent (मितभाषी): means being reserved or not revealing one’s thoughts readily.
• Inhibited (संकोची): means being restrained or unable to act in a relaxed way.
• Laconic (संक्षिप्त): means using very few words, being brief.

The correct answer is 'about'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence implies that health is a broader concept and not limited to just the absence of illness.
• The word "about" is used to indicate a broader or more general perspective.
• Options 1, 3, and 4 are grammatically or contextually incorrect in this sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Complete Sentence: "Did you know health is not just about not being sick?"

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "on" is incorrect as it does not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option 3: "in" is incorrect because it does not convey the intended meaning.
• Option 4: "but" is incorrect as it does not logically fit the structure of the sentence.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The sentence "He goes always for a run in the morning" has an incorrect placement of the adverb "always."
• Adverbs like "always" are generally placed before the main verb or after auxiliary verbs.
• The correct sentence should be "He always goes for a run in the morning."
• Thus, the error is in the word order of Option 3.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "He always goes for a run in the morning."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "He usually goes for a run in the morning" – This sentence is grammatically correct and uses the adverb "usually" appropriately.
• Option 2: "He often goes for a run in the morning" – This sentence is grammatically correct and uses the adverb "often" correctly.
• Option 4: "He always goes for a run in the morning" – This sentence is grammatically correct and uses the adverb "always" in the proper position.

The correct answer is 'hermeneutic'.

 

Key Points

• The word "hermeneutic" refers to the interpretation and study of literary texts, especially in relation to meaning and context.
• The critic's analysis was deep and interpretative, aligning well with the concept of hermeneutics.
• Other options like "facile" (superficial), "pedantic" (overly concerned with details), and "prosaic" (ordinary) do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: The literary critic's hermeneutic analysis of postmodern novels challenged the traditional notions of narrative structure and authorial intent.

Additional Information

• Facile (सरल): means superficial or easily achieved.
• Pedantic (पांडित्यपूर्ण): means overly concerned with minor details or formal rules.
• Prosaic (सामान्य): means dull or lacking in imagination.

The correct answer is 'convincing'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence talks about the art of making someone agree with your point of view.
• The verb should express the act of influencing or winning agreement.
• "Convincing" fits perfectly because persuasion literally means convincing someone.
• Other options like "evaluating", "motivating", "captivating" do not express the idea of persuading someone to agree.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Additional Information

• Evaluating: means assessing—does not fit the meaning of persuasion.
• Motivating: means encouraging—related but not accurate for making someone agree.
• Captivating: means attracting attention—does not express the idea of persuasion.

The correct answer is 'credible'.

 

Key Points

• The passage explains Aristotle’s tools of persuasion—ethos, pathos, and logos.
• Ethos refers to the speaker’s credibility or trustworthiness.
• Thus, the word that best completes the blank is "credible".
• Other options such as "unreliable", "misleading", and "confusing" express negative qualities and do not fit the meaning of ethos.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Additional Information

• Unreliable: opposite of trustworthy; does not fit the idea of ethos.
• Misleading: incorrect because ethos requires honesty and trust.
• Confusing: unrelated to credibility or character.

The correct answer is 'connecting'.

 

Key Points

• Blank no. 3 refers to 'Pathos', which means appealing to emotions.
• The verb needed must express forming an emotional link with the audience.
• "Connecting" fits perfectly because pathos is about 'connecting with the audience’s emotions'.
• Other options like "disparate", "distinct", or "unlike" do not express emotional engagement.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Additional Information

• Disparate: different in kind; unrelated — does not fit.
• Distinct: clearly different — not about emotional engagement.
• Unlike: not similar — grammatically incorrect in context.

The correct answer is 'facts'.

 

Key Points

• The passage explains Aristotle’s modes of persuasion—ethos, pathos, and logos.
• Logos refers to logical reasoning supported by data, facts, or information.
• The word "facts" correctly fits the blank because logos is based on factual evidence.
• Other options like "clue", "evidence", and "tory" do not fit as appropriately as "facts" in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Additional Information

• Clue: Too informal and does not represent strong logical support.
• Evidence: Close in meaning, but the passage pairs "facts or information," making "facts" more accurate.
• Theory: Refers to a structured explanation, not suitable for basic logical persuasion.

The correct answer is 'argument'.

 

Key Points

• The passage explains the three tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.
• Logos refers to the use of facts, logic, or information to support a claim.
• Therefore, the noun after “make your ____ more convincing” must be something that is supported through logic.
• “Argument” fits perfectly as logos strengthens an argument.
• Other options like "hypothesis", "question", and "theory" do not fit the context of persuasion as accurately.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• Hypothesis: A tentative explanation — not suitable for persuasion context.
• Question: Not something made more convincing using logic.
• Theory: A well-developed idea but does not fit the sentence meaning.

वाक्य में त्रुटि नहीं है- यह दायित्व आप पर निर्भर है।

Key Points

• शुद्ध वाक्य - यह दायित्व आप पर निर्भर है।
• वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, काल, कारक आदि का क्रिया के साथ ठीक-ठीक मेल हो, उसे शुद्ध वाक्य कहते है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Important Points 

 

• पुल्लिंग - शब्द के जिस रूप से पुरुष जाति का बोध होता है, उसे पुल्लिंग कहते हैं।
• जैसे- छात्र, चाचा, बूढ़ा, नौकर, शेर, बंदर, ताला आदि।
• स्त्रीलिंग - शब्द के जिस रूप से व्यक्ति या वस्तु की स्त्री जाति का बोध होता है, उसे स्त्रीलिंग कहते हैं।
• जैसे - छात्रा, चाची, बुढ़िया, नौकरानी, घास, खिड़की आदि।

Additional Information लिंग व सर्वनाम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ - 

सही उत्तर है- म्लान

Key Points

• आज आपका चेहरा प्रफुल्ल दिखता है।
• ‘प्रफुल्ल’ शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'म्लान' होगा।
• ‘प्रफुल्ल’ शब्द का अर्थ - ​खिला हुआ, प्रसन्न या आनंदित, अम्लान।
• 'म्लान' शब्द का अर्थ - ​कमजोर, दुर्बल या मुरझाया हुआ।
• विलोम - एक-दूसरे के विपरीत या उल्टा अर्थ देने वाले शब्दों को, विलोम शब्द कहते है।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

सही उत्तर है - बुष 

Key Points

• इनके मस्तिष्क में तो बुष भरा है।
• 'बुष' एक तत्सम शब्द है, जबकि इसका तद्भव शब्द 'भूसा' होगा।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- पग, आँख, कौआ आदि।​
• तत्सम - ��िन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- मार्ग, अक्षि, काक आदि।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण ​तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

सही उत्तर है - प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के लिए

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - यह नियम व्यक्ति के लिए प्रत्येक लागू है।
• दिए गये वाक्य में पदक्रम प्रयोग की त्रुटि है,
• ​यहाँ 'व्यक्ति के लिए प्रत्येक' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• ​अत: सार्थक शब्द 'प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के लिए' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - यह नियम व्यक्ति के लिए प्रत्येक लागू है।

Additional Information पदक्रम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ - 

वाक्य में 'जटिल' के सही विलोम शब्द का प्रयोग हुआ है- सरल वाक्य की क्या परिभाषा है?

Key Points

• सरल वाक्य की क्या परिभाषा है?
• 'जटिल' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'सरल' होगा।
• 'जटिल' का अर्थ- ​कठिन, मुश्किल, या समझने में मुश्किल।
• 'सरल' का अर्थ- ​आसान, सीधा, बिना किसी जटिलता के।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -