SSC CHSL 2025 Tier-1 (Held On: 26 Nov, 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The grammatical issue in the sentence is the incorrect use of the preposition "between."
• The preposition "between" is used when referring to two entities, while "among" is used for more than two.
• Since the sentence refers to "the four members of the group," the correct preposition to use is "among."
• Therefore, the phrase "between the four" should be corrected to "among the four."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "They decided to split the winnings among the four members of the group."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "They decided to" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Option 2: "split the winnings" – This part of the sentence is also correct and does not require any changes.
• Option 4: "members of the group" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in the phrase "much more sleeker."
• The word "sleeker" is the comparative form of the adjective "sleek," and it should not be preceded by "much more."
• Using both "much more" and the comparative form "sleeker" together is redundant and grammatically incorrect.
• The correct phrase should simply be "much sleeker."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "The new smartphone is much sleeker and lighter than the previous model."

Additional Information

• A: "The new smartphone is" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• C: "and lighter than" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• D: "the previous model." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. provided that.

Key Points

• The conjunction "provided that" is used to indicate a condition that must be met for a certain outcome to occur.
• The sentence mentions a condition for promotion, making "provided that" the most appropriate choice.
• "Unless" (Option 1) is incorrect as it implies a negative condition, which does not fit the context here.
• "Although" (Option 2) is incorrect as it is used to indicate contrast, not a condition.
• "Whereas" (Option 4) is incorrect as it is used to show contrast between two clauses, not a condition.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Complete Sentence: "He will be promoted provided that he improves his communication and leadership skills."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Unless" is used for negative conditions, e.g., "You will fail unless you study."
• Option 2: "Although" is used to indicate contrast, e.g., "Although it was raining, they went outside."
• Option 4: "Whereas" is used to compare two contrasting ideas, e.g., "He enjoys swimming, whereas she prefers running."

The correct answer is: Animosity.

Key Points

• The word "Rancor" refers to a deep-seated bitterness, resentment, or ill will, especially of a long-lasting nature. (कटुता, शत्रुता)
• Example: Even after years, she still felt rancor toward her old rival.
• "Animosity" means strong hostility or hatred, which is very similar to "rancor" in meaning. (द्वेष)
• Example: The animosity between the two neighbors was evident during the meeting.
• Therefore, "Animosity" is the most appropriate synonym for "Rancor."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Animosity.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Amity (मित्रता): Friendly relations between people or countries.
• Example: The treaty brought amity between the two warring nations.
• Goodwill (सद्भावना): Kindness or a friendly attitude towards others.
• Example: The company donated to charity to show its goodwill toward the community.
• Harmony (सामंजस्य): A pleasing arrangement of parts or a peaceful coexistence.
• Example: The family lived in harmony despite their differences.

The correct answer is: 3) Avoid.

Key Points

• The word "Eschew" means to deliberately avoid or abstain from something, especially on moral or practical grounds. (बचना)
• Example: He eschewed all forms of luxury to live a simple and meaningful life.
• The correct word "Avoid" refers to keeping away from or stopping oneself from doing something. (टालना)
• Example: She avoided the crowded streets by taking a longer but quieter route.
• Thus, "Avoid" is the most appropriate synonym for "Eschew."

Therefore, the correct answer is: 3) Avoid.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Accept (स्वीकार करना): To consent to receive or undertake something willingly.
• Example: He graciously accepted the award for his contributions to the community.
• Embrace (गले लगाना): To willingly or enthusiastically accept or adopt something.
• Example: She embraced the opportunity to learn a new skill.
• Pursue (पीछा करना): To follow or chase something in order to achieve or catch it.
• Example: He decided to pursue his dream of becoming a musician.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e., Parliament.

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word is 'Parliament'.
• Parliament refers to the supreme legislative body in a country, especially in countries that follow the parliamentary system of governance.
• The other options are incorrectly spelled variations of the word.

Correct sentence usage:

• The Parliament will convene next week to discuss the new policy reforms.

Additional Information

• Parliment: Incorrect spelling of 'Parliament'.
• Pailament: Incorrect spelling of 'Parliament'.
• Parlaiment: Incorrect spelling of 'Parliament'.
• Parliament: The accurate spelling and correct answer.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Axiom.

Key Points

• The word "Axiom" means a statement or proposition that is regarded as being self-evidently true, without the need for proof. (स्वयंसिद्ध सत्य)
• Example: The axiom "Parallel lines never meet" is a fundamental concept in geometry.
• An axiom is universally accepted as true and serves as a starting point for further reasoning or arguments.

Correct word: Axiom (स्वयंसिद्ध सत्य)

• Example: In mathematics, axioms are the foundation upon which theorems are built.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Axiom.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Maxim (सूक्ति): A short, pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct.
• Example: "Honesty is the best policy" is a well-known maxim.
• Proverb (कहावत): A short, well-known saying that expresses a commonly held idea or belief.
• Example: "A stitch in time saves nine" is a famous proverb.
• Epigram (संक्षिप्त व्यंग्यात्मक कथन): A brief, witty, and often paradoxical statement or poem.
• Example: Oscar Wilde was known for his epigrams, such as "I can resist everything except temptation."

The correct answer is: Ignorant.

Key Points

• The word "Erudite" means having or showing great knowledge or learning. (विद्वान)
• Example: The professor was an erudite scholar who had published numerous books on ancient history.
• The word "Ignorant" refers to a lack of knowledge, education, or awareness about something. (अज्ञानी)
• Example: He was ignorant of the fact that the rules had changed last week.
• Hence, the antonym of "Erudite" is "Ignorant".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Ignorant.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Intellectual (बौद्धिक): Relating to the intellect or mental capacity.
• Example: She enjoys participating in intellectual discussions about philosophy and science.
• Wise (बुद्धिमान): Having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment.
• Example: The elder gave wise advice to the young couple about their future plans.
• Scholarly (अकादमिक): Involving or relating to serious academic study.
• Example: The library houses a large collection of scholarly journals and publications.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Indirect Speech Conversion: The process of converting direct speech to indirect speech involves changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and sentence structure while maintaining the original meaning.
• Key Conversions:
• Pronoun "us" becomes "them": In indirect speech, the pronoun changes to match the perspective of the reporting speaker.
• Verb tense change: "is" (present tense) changes to "was" (past tense) to align with the rules of reported speech.
• Request structure: The direct request "Please show us" is converted to "requested the teacher to show them" to appropriately convey the polite request in indirect speech.
• Punctuation and Format:
• The quotation marks and direct speech format are removed in indirect speech.
• The reporting verb "requested" is followed by the infinitive form "to show" for a polite request.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: The children requested the teacher to show them what was inside the box.

Additional Information

• Option 2: The children urged the teacher to show us what was inside the box.
• Incorrect pronoun "us" instead of "them" for indirect speech.
• The word "urged" is inappropriate as it suggests forcefulness, whereas the tone of the sentence is a polite request.
• Option 3: The children requested the teacher to show them what has been inside the box.
• Incorrect verb tense: "has been" (present perfect) does not match the past tense "was" required in indirect speech.
• Option 4: The children requested the teacher please show them what was inside the box.
• Incorrect structure: "please show" retains direct speech format, which is not used in indirect speech.

The correct answer is: 2 i.e. Abundance.

Key Points

• The word "Dearth" means a scarcity or lack of something; insufficiency. (कमी)
• Example: There is a dearth of skilled workers in the industry.
• "Abundance" refers to a very large quantity of something; plentifulness. (प्रचुरता)
• Example: The region is known for its abundance of natural resources.
• Since "Abundance" is the opposite of "Dearth," it is the correct antonym.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Abundance.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Scarcity (कमी): A state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.
• Example: During the drought, there was a scarcity of water in the village.
• Lack (अभाव): The state of being without or not having enough of something.
• Example: The project failed due to a lack of funding.
• Shortage (अभाव): A situation in which something needed cannot be obtained in sufficient amounts.
• Example: The country faced a shortage of essential medical supplies during the pandemic.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The correct spelling is 'possession'.

• The word 'possession' is a noun that refers to the state of having, owning, or controlling something. (अधिकार या संपत्ति)
• For Example -
• He lost his most valuable possession during the move.

Therefore, the correct spelling to complete the sentence is possession.

Additional Information

Common misspellings of the word 'possession':

• Posession: Missing a second 's'.
• Possesion: Incorrectly swapping the placement of letters.
• Posesssion: Adding an extra 's' unnecessarily.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the passive voice.
• To convert a sentence from passive to active voice, identify the subject performing the action and make it the subject of the sentence.
• The passive sentence is: "Let the agreement’s terms be fully understood by all parties before signing."
• In the active voice, the subject "all parties" is placed at the beginning, followed by the verb "fully understand" and the object "the agreement’s terms."
• The imperative form "Let" is retained in Option 4, which matches the structure of the original sentence while making it active.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sentence: "Let all parties fully understand the agreement’s terms before signing."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "All parties fully understand the agreement’s terms before signing." – This is not imperative and does not match the original sentence’s intent.
• Option 2: "All parties must fully understand the agreement’s terms before signing." – Adds the modal "must," which alters the meaning of the original sentence.
• Option 3: "Fully understand the agreement’s terms before signing." – Omits the subject "all parties," making it incomplete.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. 'Five kilometres is the distance'.

Key Points

• In English grammar, measurements, distances, and quantities are usually treated as singular subjects, even if they appear in plural form (e.g., five kilometres).
• The verb "is" is the correct singular form to agree with the subject "Five kilometres" in this context.
• Option 1 and Option 4 are incorrect because the plural verb "are" is not grammatically correct for this usage.
• Option 3 is incorrect because "is to be the distance" is not a natural or standard construction in English.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "Five kilometres is the distance between my house and the airport."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Five kilometres were the distance" is incorrect because the use of "were" implies a past tense plural subject, which is not suitable here.
• Option 3: "Five kilometre is to be the distance" is incorrect because "kilometre" is singular and does not match the plural subject "Five kilometres."
• Option 4: "Five kilometres are distances" is incorrect as it changes the meaning, referring to multiple distances instead of a single measurement.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "The government has announced a new policy."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "a new policy" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "has announced" to "has been announced" (present perfect passive).
• Add the preposition "by" followed by the original subject "the government."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "A new policy has been announced by the government."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "A new policy was announced by the government." – Incorrect tense (past simple passive instead of present perfect passive).
• Option 3: "A new policy had been announced by the government." – Incorrect tense (past perfect passive).
• Option 4: "A new policy is being announced by the government." – Incorrect tense (present continuous passive).

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: My friend told me that she could not come.
• Key Conversions:
• "She could not come" becomes "I can not come" in direct speech:
• The pronoun "she" is converted to "I" because the speaker (my friend) is referring to herself in direct speech.
• The modal verb "could" in indirect speech is the back-shifted form of "can"; therefore, the direct speech uses "can" when the reporting verb is in the past tense.
• Reporting Verb:
• The indirect reporting verb "told" is converted to "said to" in direct speech.
• The preposition "to me" is retained to indicate the listener.
• Punctuation and Format:
• Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.
• The sentence starts with a capital letter "I" and ends with a full stop inside the quotation marks.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "My friend said to me, 'I can not come.'"

Additional Information

• Option 1: "My friend said to me, 'She could not come.'"
• Incorrect because the pronoun "she" in direct speech does not align with the speaker (my friend).
• Option 3: "My friend said to me, 'I could not come.'"
• Incorrect because "could" remains "could" in indirect speech only if it was already "could" or "can" is being back-shifted; however, to form the indirect "could", the direct form typically uses "can" to denote ability.
• Option 4: "My friend said to me, 'I might not come.'"
• Incorrect because "might not" implies possibility, whereas "could not" conveys inability.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• Defining an Adjective Clause.
• An Adjective Clause (also known as a relative clause) is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. It typically starts with relative pronouns like who, which, that or relative adverbs like where, when, wherein.
• In the sentence: "These imposts embody the principle of progressive taxation, wherein higher income brackets attract proportionately higher rates...", the clause starting with "wherein" provides more information about the noun phrase "progressive taxation."
• The Role of "Wherein".
• The word "wherein" acts as a relative adverb meaning "in which." Since it describes the specific nature of the "progressive taxation" mentioned just before it, it functions exactly like an adjective.
• Eliminating Other Options.
• Option 1: It does not explain "why" (cause) the taxation exists; it describes what it is.
• Option 3: It does not act as a subject or object (Noun Clause); it is a modifier.
• Option 4: While "wherein" can feel related to "where," in this context, it isn't describing a physical location (place), but rather a conceptual principle.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Tax terminology often uses formal relative adverbs like wherein, whereby, or whereof to connect legal principles to their specific applications. These almost always form Adjective Clauses.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Understanding the Interrogative Negative.
• An Interrogative Negative sentence is a question that also contains a negation (not). It is often used to confirm a fact that the speaker believes to be true or to express surprise.
• The original sentence is in the Simple Present Tense ("India imposes..."). To form a question in this tense, we use the auxiliary verb do or does. Since "India" is a singular subject, we use does.
• Structure of the Transformation.
• The standard formula for an interrogative negative sentence is: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Not + Main Verb...? or the contracted form: Auxiliary Verb-n't + Subject + Main Verb...?
• Original: India imposes...
• Interrogative Negative: Doesn't India impose...? (Note that when using 'does', the main verb 'imposes' loses its '-s' and returns to its base form 'impose').
• Evaluating the Options.
• Option 1: This is a simple Interrogative sentence (positive question), not negative.
• Option 2: This is a 'Wh-' question and is grammatically incorrect (missing the auxiliary 'does').
• Option 4: This is in the Past Tense ("Did"), whereas the original sentence is in the Present Tense.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• When transforming sentences, always ensure the tense remains consistent. If the original statement uses "imposes" (Present), your question must use "does" or "doesn't" (Present).

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Supposedly or apparently.

Key Points

• The word "ostensibly" means:
• Appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really something else; supposedly or apparently. (प्रकट रूप से)
• Example: He left ostensibly to take care of some business, but everyone knew he just wanted to avoid the meeting.
• "Correct answer" means:
• Referring to the specific answer that properly defines or fits the context of the question. (सही उत्तर)
• Example: The correct answer to the quiz question assured her a perfect score.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Supposedly or apparently.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Secretly (गुप्त रूप से): In a way that is hidden or not intended to be seen or known by others.
• Example: They secretly planned a surprise party for her birthday.
• Certainly (निश्चित रूप से): In a definite and confident way; without any doubt.
• Example: She will certainly pass her exams with flying colors.
• Permanently (स्थायी रूप से): In a way that lasts or remains unchanged indefinitely; forever.
• Example: The scar on his hand will remain permanently.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. To absorb or include.

Key Points

• The word "subsume" means:
• To absorb or include something into a larger category or framework. (शामिल करना या समाहित करना)
• Example: The small company was subsumed under the larger corporation.
• "Correct answer" means:
• Referring to the specific answer that properly defines or fits the context of the question. (सही उत्तर)
• Example: The correct answer to the quiz question assured her a perfect score.

Therefore, the correct answer is: To absorb or include.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• To reject (अस्वीकार करना): To refuse to accept, believe, or use something.
• Example: She decided to reject the job offer because the salary was too low.
• To separate (अलग करना): To cause something to be apart or placed apart from others.
• Example: He used a filter to separate the fine particles from the water.
• To delay (विलंब करना): To postpone or defer an action or event.
• Example: The flight was delayed due to bad weather.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• Option 2: It created a single tax replacing many indirect taxes.
• This is the primary structural change mentioned. The passage states that the GST "subsumed a plethora of erstwhile levies such as excise duty, service tax, and value-added tax," effectively creating a "unified national market."
• Option 1: It reduced income tax rates.
• This is incorrect. The passage categorizes income tax as a "direct tax." GST is an indirect tax, and the text does not mention any changes to income tax rates.
• Option 3: It eliminated customs duties.
• This is incorrect. The passage explicitly mentions that India "imposes ancillary duties such as customs duty on imports" in addition to the GST regime.
• Option 4: It increased corporate tax rates.
• This is incorrect. Corporate tax is listed as a direct tax; the passage does not state that GST led to an increase in corporate tax rates.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Direct vs. Indirect Taxes: The passage distinguishes between direct taxes (paid by individuals/entities on earnings) and indirect taxes (borne by consumers on goods/services).
• Purpose of Taxation: The regime is described as vital for financing public infrastructure, social welfare, and defense.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The sentence sequence should be logically structured to describe the events in the order they happen.
• Sentence P is the first sentence because it introduces the event of the flat tire, which sets the context for the subsequent actions:
• "A hiss of air and a flat tire ended his road trip suddenly."
• Sentence Q follows next as it describes the immediate action taken to address the flat tire:
• "He raised the car, his wrench already loosening lug nuts with a squeak."
• Sentence R comes third because it details how the flat tire was replaced with a spare tire:
• "With a grunt, he replaced the worn tire with the tiny spare, a stopgap measure."
• Sentence S is the final sentence as it concludes the sequence with the car being back on the road:
• "A few minutes later, the vehicle was back on the road, ready to proceed."
• The correct sequence is P, Q, R, S.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"A hiss of air and a flat tire ended his road trip suddenly. He raised the car, his wrench already loosening lug nuts with a squeak. With a grunt, he replaced the worn tire with the tiny spare, a stopgap measure. A few minutes later, the vehicle was back on the road, ready to proceed."

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph begins by describing the action of entering an email address, which sets the starting point of the sequence.
• Sentence Q is the first sentence as it introduces the act of entering the email address:
• "He swiftly entered a lengthy string of characters and numbers that was the recipient's email address."
• Sentence R follows as it describes the subject line summarizing the message:
• "A simple subject line summarizes the entire point of the message."
• Sentence P is the third sentence because it describes the act of crafting the email message:
• "He crafted his thoughts into a careful message, his fingers flying across the keys."
• Sentence S is the fourth as it concludes the paragraph with the sending of the email:
• "He breathed a last sigh of relief as he hit the send button and saw the email disappear."
• The correct sequence is Q, R, P, S.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"He swiftly entered a lengthy string of characters and numbers that was the recipient's email address. A simple subject line summarizes the entire point of the message. He crafted his thoughts into a careful message, his fingers flying across the keys. He breathed a last sigh of relief as he hit the send button and saw the email disappear."

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The paragraph describes a gymnast's flawless performance, and the sentences need to be arranged to ensure a logical and coherent flow of events.
• Sentence R is the first sentence as it starts with the gymnast running toward the vault to begin the routine:
• "She ran briskly in the direction of the vault to start her routine."
• Sentence Q follows because it describes the gymnast’s actions after reaching the vault:
• "She flipped and twisted her body in midair as she blasted herself off the springboard."
• Sentence P is next as it depicts the conclusion of her jump:
• "She gracefully finished with her arms up after landing flawlessly on both feet."
• Sentence S is the last as it summarizes the outcome of her performance:
• "With a faultless performance and a perfect score, she bowed to the judges and the audience."
• The correct sequence is R, Q, P, S.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"She ran briskly in the direction of the vault to start her routine. She flipped and twisted her body in midair as she blasted herself off the springboard. She gracefully finished with her arms up after landing flawlessly on both feet. With a faultless performance and a perfect score, she bowed to the judges and the audience."

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. naught, not.

Key Points

• The word "naught" means "nothing" or "zero." It is often used to describe situations where efforts or results lead to no outcome or significance. (कुछ नहीं / शून्य)
• Example: All their hard work came to naught when the project was canceled.
• The word "not" is used as a negative particle to indicate refusal, denial, or negation of a statement. (नहीं)
• Example: Failure does not define a person; perseverance does.
• In the given sentence, "naught" fits the first blank as it implies that the years of effort led to nothing, and "not" fits the second blank to negate the idea that failure defines a person.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. naught, not.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: naught, nought (शून्य, शून्य)
• "Naught" means "nothing" or "zero," as explained earlier.
• "Nought" also means "zero" or "nothing," but it is primarily used in British English for numerical references.
• Example: The score was nought to ten in the football match.
• This option does not fit the second blank because "nought" is not suitable for negation.
• Option 2: not, naught (नहीं, शून्य)
• "Not" is used for negation, as explained earlier.
• "Naught" means "nothing" or "zero."
• This option places "not" in the first blank, which does not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option 4: not, nought (नहीं, शून्य)
• "Not" is used for negation, as explained earlier.
• "Nought" is used for numerical zero or nothing.
• This option does not fit because "nought" is not appropriate for the context of the first blank.

The correct answer is: Desecration.

Key Points

• The word "Desecration" refers to the act of treating something sacred with disrespect or violation. (अपवित्रीकरण)
• Example: The desecration of the temple caused outrage among the community.
• Explanation: Desecration is used to describe the misuse, damage, or disrespect of something considered holy or sacred. (अपवित्र करना)
• Example: Writing graffiti on a church wall is an act of desecration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Desecration.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Defamation (मानहानि): The act of damaging someone's reputation through false statements.
• Example: The politician filed a lawsuit for defamation after the false allegations were published.
• Forgery (जालसाजी): The act of creating false documents or signatures with the intention to deceive.
• Example: He was arrested for forgery after attempting to cash a fake check.
• Insubordination (अवज्ञा): The act of disobedience or refusal to follow authority.
• Example: The soldier was punished for insubordination after refusing to follow orders.

Family tree,

She is Karan's Daughter - in - law.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Family tree,

Woman is Rahul's Mother.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Logic:

Vowel + 2

Consonant -1

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

• Qualities projected in this situation: (Accountability, Communication, Trust-building, and Teamwork)

The correct answer is "option (3)".

Additional Information

In business partnerships, trust is built through transparency, mutual respect, and shared decision-making. A sincere apology combined with better collaboration going forward helps maintain a healthy and productive relationship.

Statement:

No tree is a plant.

Some plants are flowers.

Least possible Venn diagram,

Conclusions:

I. Some flowers are not trees → Follow (As some plants are flowers and No tree is plant. some flowers which are plant are not trees).

II. No flower is a tree → Does not follow (There is no direct relation given between flower and tree. so, it is possible not definite).

Only conclusion I follows.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Statement:

No chair is a stool.

All stools are wooden.

Least possible Venn diagram,

Conclusions:

I. No chair is wooden→ Does not follow (There is no direct relation given between wooden and chair. so, it is possible not definite).

II. Some wooden are not chairs → Follow (All stools are wooden and no chair is stool. so, some wooden which are stool are not chairs).

Only conclusion II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 2”.

Given:

Total number of students = 26

Deepa is 4^th from the left.

Seema is 16^th from the right.

First, convert Seema's position from right to left:

Position from left = Total students - Position from right + 1

= 26 - 16 + 1 = 11

So, Seema is 11^th from the left.

Now, find the number of students between Deepa and Seema:

= (Position of Seema - Position of Deepa - 1)

= (11 - 4 - 1)

= 6

Hence, the number of students between Deepa and Seema is 6.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: ₹900 is to be divided among A, B, and C in the ratio 2:3:4. 

Total ratio = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9

Value of one part = 900 ÷ 9 = 100

B’s share = 3 parts = 3 × 100 = ₹300

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.

• Qualities projected in this situation: (Accountability, Self-awareness, Responsibility, and Growth Mindset)

The correct answer is "option(2)".

Additional Information

Emotionally intelligent individuals take responsibility for their mistakes, learn from them, and focus on constructive solutions rather than blame or avoidance.

The sequence follows the hierarchy of mental processes:

Sensation → receiving raw stimuli

Perception → interpreting stimuli

Cognition → higher-level thinking (reasoning, decision-making)

The next logical step is thinking about one’s own thinking, i.e., Metacognition.

• Emotion and Memory are parts of cognition, not higher-order stages.
• Consciousness is broader but not the direct next step in this progression.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

• Qualities projected in this situation: (Emotional Intelligence, Communication Skills, and Conflict Resolution)

The correct answer is "option(3)".

Additional Information

Addressing concerns calmly after the meeting helps maintain professionalism while ensuring that both parties can express their viewpoints constructively. Suggesting structured turn-taking improves collaboration and prevents future misunderstandings.

Logic followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.

Each option presents a group of three words. Let's examine the category for each:

1) Hive – Web – Spider: This group is inconsistent. Hive and Web are types of animal habitats (for bees and spiders, respectively), but Spider is the animal itself, not a home.

2) Cave – Shed – Kennel: These are all types of shelters/habitats. A cave (bears/bats), a shed (tools/livestock), and a kennel (dogs) are all physical structures used for dwelling or storage.

3) Hole – Igloo – Cottage: These are all types of dwellings. A hole (rabbits/rodents), an igloo (humans/arctic), and a cottage (humans) are all structures used as homes.

4) Aquarium – Anthill – Kennel: These are all types of animal habitats. An aquarium (fish), an anthill (ants), and a kennel (dogs) are all specific locations where creatures live.

Options 2, 3, and 4 consist entirely of habitats/dwellings. Option 1 is the only one that breaks this pattern by including an organism (Spider) instead of a third habitat.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Check the pattern of vowels (V) and consonants (C):

LAMP → 3 Consonant and 1 Vowel

DUST → 3 Consonant and 1 Vowel

GRIN → 3 Consonant and 1 Vowel

MOON → 2 Consonant and 2 Vowel

Only MOON has 2 Consonant and 2 Vowel, while others do not follow this pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

• Qualities projected in this situation: (Integrity, Moral Judgment, Honesty, Accountability)

The correct answer is "option (3)".

Additional Information

This situation reflects that ethical behavior is not always absolute. A person can display both honesty and dishonesty in the same act. True integrity means doing the right thing completely, even when no one is watching.

• Qualities projected in this situation: (Integrity, Accountability, Leadership, and Ethical Decision-Making)

The correct answer is "option (3)".

Additional Information

A principled leader must prioritize organizational ethics over personal relationships. Transparent action builds trust, reinforces rules, and ensures a fair work culture for all employees.

The relationship in this analogy is based on the venue or specific surface where the activity takes place:

• Athletics : Stadium → Athletics (the broader category of sports) is typically held within a Stadium.
• Race : Track → A Race (the specific event) is specifically held on a Track.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Let total number of persons = NN

A is 13^th from the left.

There are 4 persons between A and Z ⇒ position difference = 5

So, Z can be:

13 + 5 = 18^th from left,

OR

13 − 5 = 8^th from left

Given: Z is 2^nd from one of the ends

Check cases:

If Z = 2^nd from left ⇒ position = 2 (not matching 8 or 18) 

If Z = 2^nd from right ⇒ position from left = N - 1 

So,

N − 1 = 18 ⇒ N = 19

Total persons in the row = 19.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.

• Logical inference based on situational trends and cause-effect relationship

The correct answer is "option(2)".

Additional Information

When multiple related sales trends shift suddenly, it usually indicates an external factor (like weather) rather than long-term changes in customer preferences or seasons.

• Qualities projected in this situation: (Analytical Thinking, Logical Reasoning, Interpretation of Data, Contextual Understanding)

The correct answer is "option(2)".

Additional Information

Public evaluation or praise can sometimes increase pressure and self-consciousness, leading to stress responses that negatively impact performance, even when the intention is positive.

According to the given information,

A is in North - East direction from R.

Distance = ${ \sqrt{(32 + 28)^2+(32)^2} }$ =  ${ \sqrt{3600+1024} }$ = ${ \sqrt{4624} }$ = 68 km

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

The words relate to modes of speaking:

• Whisper, Murmur, and Mumble → all indicate soft, low, or unclear speech
• Shout → indicates loud speech

Thus, Shout does not fit the pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.

Logic: (First number × 6) - 4 = Second number

868 : 5204 → 

(868 × 6) - 4 = 5208 - 4 = 5204

643 : 3854 → 

(643 × 6) - 4 = 3858 - 4 = 3854

Similarly,

? : 14 →

?  × 6 - 4 = 14

?  × 6 = 14 + 4 = 18

? = 18/6

? = 3

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 3”.

pattern followed here is,

A + 4 = E

E + 5 = J

J + 6 = P

P + 7 = W

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

'COMPS' is coded as 'NKHKY' 

'ABATE' is coded as 'ZOVXW'

Similarly,

'SMOKY' be coded as,

Hence, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

Given:

9 workers avg = 42.75

12 workers avg = 45.5

Two new workers = 52.2 and 48.4

Formula used:

Total = Average × Number

Calculations:

⇒ Total of 9 workers = 42.75 × 9 = 384.75

⇒ Total of 12 workers = 45.5 × 12 = 546

⇒ Total of 3 new workers = 546 − 384.75 = 161.25

⇒ Sum of 2 workers = 52.2 + 48.4 = 100.6

⇒ Third worker = 161.25 − 100.6 = 60.65

∴ Daily productivity = 60.65 units

Given:

sin(2x + 50)° = cos(2y − 50)°

0° < x + y < 90°

Formula used:

sin θ = cos (90 − θ)

Calculations:

⇒ sin(2x + 50) = cos(2y − 50)

⇒ 2x + 50 = 90 − (2y − 50)

⇒ 2x + 50 = 90 − 2y + 50

⇒ 2x + 50 = 140 − 2y

⇒ 2x + 2y = 90

⇒ x + y = 45°

⇒ tan(x + y) = tan 45° = 1

∴ Answer = 1

Given:

Alloy A → x : y = 3 : 2

Alloy B → x : y = 5 : 6

Mixing ratio A : B = 4 : 3

Formula used:

Percentage = (x part ÷ total) × 100

Calculations:

In A:

⇒ Total = 3 + 2 = 5

⇒ x% in A = (3/5) × 100 = 60%

In B:

⇒ Total = 5 + 6 = 11

⇒ x% in B = (5/11) × 100 ≈ 45.45%

Now mixing in ratio 4 : 3

⇒ x% in C = (60×4 + 45.45×3) ÷ (4 + 3)

⇒ (240 + 136.36) ÷ 7

⇒ 376.36 ÷ 7 ≈ 53.77%

∴ Percentage of x ≈ 53.77%

Given:

Angle AOB = 60°

Radius = r

Formula Used:

Length of arc = (θ ÷ 360) × 2πr

Calculation:

⇒ Length of arc = (60 ÷ 360) × 2πr

⇒ Length of arc = (1 ÷ 6) × 2πr

⇒ Length of arc = (2πr)/6

⇒ Length of arc = πr/3

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

Given:

Man speed = 2 m/s

Time to pass man = 36 sec

Platform length = 50% more than train

Time to cross platform = 48 sec

Tractor length = 60 m

Tractor speed = 6 m/s (opposite)

Formula used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Calculations:

Let train speed = v, length = L

⇒ Passing man:

L = (v − 2) × 36

⇒ Crossing platform:

Platform = 1.5L

Total distance = L + 1.5L = 2.5L

⇒ 2.5L = v × 48

Now substitute L:

⇒ 2.5(v − 2) × 36 = v × 48

⇒ 90(v − 2) = 48v

⇒ 90v − 180 = 48v

⇒ 42v = 180

⇒ v = 4.285 m/s

⇒ L = (4.285 − 2) × 36 = 2.285 × 36 ≈ 82.26 m

Now crossing tractor:

Relative speed = 4.285 + 6 = 10.285 m/s

Total length = 82.26 + 60 = 142.26 m

⇒ Time = 142.26 ÷ 10.285 ≈ 13.83 sec

∴ Time ≈ 14 seconds

Given:

Trader → A = 20% profit

A → B = 10% loss

B → C = 5% profit

Final price = ₹1134

Formula used:

Successive multiplier method

Calculations:

Let CP = x

⇒ After 20% profit → x × 1.2

⇒ After 10% loss → x × 1.2 × 0.9

⇒ After 5% profit → x × 1.2 × 0.9 × 1.05

⇒ x × 1.134 = 1134

⇒ x = 1134 ÷ 1.134

⇒ x = 1000

∴ Original cost price = ₹1000

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹2400

Time (T) = 8 years

Amount doubles in 8 years under simple interest

Interest on ₹2400 for 3 years = Interest on ₹Q for 5 years - ₹300

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = P × R × T ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ Amount doubles

⇒ Total Amount = ₹4800

⇒ SI for 8 years = ₹4800 - ₹2400 = ₹2400

⇒ ₹2400 = ₹2400 × R × 8 ÷ 100

⇒ R = 12.5%

⇒ SI on ₹2400 for 3 years = ₹2400 × 12.5 × 3 ÷ 100

⇒ SI on ₹2400 for 3 years = ₹900

⇒ SI on ₹Q for 5 years = ₹900 + ₹300

⇒ SI on ₹Q for 5 years = ₹1200

⇒ ₹1200 = ₹Q × 12.5 × 5 ÷ 100

⇒ ₹Q = ₹1200 × 100 ÷ (12.5 × 5)

⇒ ₹Q = ₹1200 × 100 ÷ 62.5

⇒ ₹Q = ₹1920

∴ The correct answer is ₹1920.

Shortcut Trick

Let the capital of R be 1 unit.

Capital of Q = 3 × R = 3 units.

Capital of P = 2 × Q = 2 × 3 = 6 units.

Ratio of Profit (P : Q : R) = 6 : 3 : 1 (Sum = 10 units).

P's share = (6/10) × 24000 = ₹14400.

∴ The correct answer is ₹14400.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total profit = ₹24,000

Capital relationship: Q = 3R and P/2 = Q

Formula Used:

Profit Share ∝ Capital × Time (When time is same, Profit Ratio = Capital Ratio)

Calculations:

⇒ Let R's capital = x

⇒ Q's capital = 3x

⇒ P's capital = 2 × Q = 2(3x) = 6x

⇒ Ratio of Capitals (P : Q : R) = 6x : 3x : x = 6 : 3 : 1

⇒ Sum of ratio parts = 6 + 3 + 1 = 10

⇒ P's Profit share = (6/10) × 24000

⇒ P's share = 6 × 2400 = 14400

∴ The correct answer is ₹14400.

Additional Information

Ratio of Profit in Partnership

Profit of A : Profit of B = (Capital of A × Time of A) : (Capital of B × Time of B).

Active vs. Sleeping Partner

An active partner manages the business and may receive a salary or extra commission from the profit before the remaining profit is divided.

Total Profit Calculation

Individual Share = (Individual Ratio Part ÷ Sum of Ratio Parts) × Total Profit.

Given:

Total amount = ₹1200

A = 1/2 of B

B = 1/2 of C

Formula used:

Share ∝ Ratio

Calculations:

Let B = x

⇒ A = x/2

⇒ C = 2x

⇒ Ratio A : B : C = x/2 : x : 2x

⇒ Multiply by 2 ⇒ 1 : 2 : 4

⇒ Total ratio = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7

⇒ B’s share = 1200 × 2 ÷ 7

⇒ B’s share = 2400 ÷ 7 = 342.86

∴ B’s share = ₹342.86 (approx)

Given:

Marked up = 17.5% on CP

Discount = 20% on MP

Formula used:

SP = CP × (1 + Markup) × (1 − Discount)

Calculations:

⇒ MP = CP × (1 + 17.5/100) = CP × 1.175

⇒ SP = MP × (1 − 20/100) = 1.175 × 0.8 × CP

⇒ SP = 0.94 × CP

⇒ Loss % = (1 − 0.94) × 100

⇒ Loss % = 0.06 × 100 = 6%

∴ Retailer incurs 6% loss.

Given:

Initial ratio (Red : Blue) = 5 : 3

Blue marbles removed = 15

New ratio (Red : Blue) = 5 : 2

Formula used:

Ratio = Quantity ÷ Common factor

Calculations:

Let Red = 5x and Blue = 3x

⇒ After removing 15 blue marbles:

Blue = 3x − 15

⇒ New ratio:

5x : (3x − 15) = 5 : 2

⇒ $\frac{5x}{3x-15} = \frac{5}{2}$

⇒ 5x × 2 = 5 × (3x − 15)

⇒ 10x = 15x − 75

⇒ 15x − 10x = 75

⇒ 5x = 75

⇒ x = 15

⇒ Red marbles = 5x = 5 × 15 = 75

∴ Number of red marbles = 75

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹8000

Rate (r) = 10%

Time (t) = 3 years

Formula used:

A = P$(1+\frac{r}{100})^t$

Calculations:

A = 8000 $(1+\frac{10}{100})^3$

⇒ A = 8000 $(1.1)^3$

⇒ A = 8000 × 1.331

⇒ A = 10648

∴ Amount after 3 years = ₹10,648

Given:

Ratio of savings (Arjun : Karan) = 7 : 9

Increase in savings = ₹3000 each

New ratio = 10 : 12

Formula used:

Ratio = Quantity ÷ Common factor

Calculations:

Let Arjun = 7x and Karan = 9x

⇒ After increase:

Arjun = 7x + 3000

Karan = 9x + 3000

⇒ New ratio:

(7x + 3000) : (9x + 3000) = 10 : 12

⇒ $\frac{7x+3000}{9x+3000} = \frac{10}{12}$

⇒ $\frac{7x+3000}{9x+3000} = \frac{5}{6}$

⇒ 6(7x + 3000) = 5(9x + 3000)

⇒ 42x + 18000 = 45x + 15000

⇒ 45x − 42x = 18000 − 15000

⇒ 3x = 3000

⇒ x = 1000

⇒ Karan’s saving = 9x = 9 × 1000 = 9000

∴ Karan’s saving = ₹9,000

Given:

Numbers = 16, 20, 24

Formula used:

Least number divisible by given numbers = LCM

Calculations:

16 = 2⁴

20 = 2² × 5

24 = 2³ × 3

⇒ LCM = 2⁴ × 3 × 5

⇒ LCM = 16 × 15

⇒ LCM = 240

Now check options:

⇒ 1600 ÷ 240 = not integer

⇒ 3600 ÷ 240 = 15 ✔

⇒ 6400 ÷ 240 = not integer

⇒ 14400 ÷ 240 = 60 ✔

Least among valid = 3600

∴ Correct answer = 3600

Shortcut Trick

When the distance traveled is the same for both parts of a journey, the Average Speed is calculated using the harmonic mean formula: 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Here, x = 40 km/h and y = 60 km/h.

Average Speed = (2 × 40 × 60) ÷ (40 + 60)

Average Speed = 4800 ÷ 100 = 48 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 48 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance for each trip = 120 km

Speed during onward journey (S₁) = 40 km/h

Speed during return journey (S₂) = 60 km/h

Formula: Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

⇒ Time taken for onward journey (T₁) = Distance ÷ S₁ = 120 ÷ 40 = 3 hours

⇒ Time taken for return journey (T₂) = Distance ÷ S₂ = 120 ÷ 60 = 2 hours

⇒ Total Distance = 120 + 120 = 240 km

⇒ Total Time = 3 + 2 = 5 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 240 ÷ 5 = 48 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 48 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed (Equal Time Intervals)

If a person travels at speed S₁ and S₂ for equal time intervals, the Average Speed is the arithmetic mean: (S₁ + S₂) ÷ 2.

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the opposite direction, relative speed is (S₁ + S₂). In the same direction, it is |S₁ − S₂|.

Given:

Divisors = 20, 25, 35, 40

Remainders = 14, 19, 29, 34

Formula used:

If remainders are same difference ⇒ Number = LCM − common difference

Calculations:

⇒ 20 − 14 = 6

⇒ 25 − 19 = 6

⇒ 35 − 29 = 6

⇒ 40 − 34 = 6

⇒ Common difference = 6

Now find LCM of 20, 25, 35, 40

20 = 2² × 5

25 = 5²

35 = 5 × 7

40 = 2³ × 5

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 5² × 7

⇒ LCM = 8 × 25 × 7 = 1400

⇒ Required number = 1400 − 6 = 1394

∴ Required least number = 1394

Given:

Average of 20 numbers = 45

50% of numbers increased by 4 each

50% of numbers decreased by 6 each

Formula Used:

New Average = (Sum of new numbers ÷ Total numbers)

Calculation:

⇒ Total sum of 20 numbers = 20 × 45

⇒ Total sum = 900

⇒ 50% of 20 = 10 numbers

⇒ Increase for 10 numbers = 10 × 4

⇒ Total increase = 40

⇒ Decrease for remaining 10 numbers = 10 × 6

⇒ Total decrease = 60

⇒ Net change in sum = 40 - 60

⇒ Net change = -20

⇒ New total sum = 900 - 20

⇒ New total sum = 880

⇒ New average = 880 ÷ 20

⇒ New average = 44

∴ The correct answer is 44.

Given:

Distance between City M and City N = 450 km

Speed of first car = 50 km/h

Speed of second car = 40 km/h

Formula Used:

Time to meet = Distance ÷ (Speed of first car + Speed of second car)

Distance traveled by first car = Speed of first car × Time to meet

Calculation:

⇒ Time to meet = 450 ÷ (50 + 40)

⇒ Time to meet = 450 ÷ 90

⇒ Time to meet = 5 hours

⇒ Distance traveled by first car = 50 × 5

⇒ Distance traveled by first car = 250 km

∴ The correct answer is 250 km.

Given:

A + B = 12 days

B + C = 15 days

A + B + C = 10 days

Formula used:

Work = LCM of days

Efficiency = Work ÷ Time

Calculations:

LCM of 12, 15, 10 = 60

⇒ Total work = 60 units

⇒ (A + B) 1 day work = 60 ÷ 12 = 5 units

⇒ (B + C) 1 day work = 60 ÷ 15 = 4 units

⇒ (A + B + C) 1 day work = 60 ÷ 10 = 6 units

⇒ A + C = (A + B + C) − B

⇒ First find B:

⇒ (A + B) + (B + C) = A + 2B + C

⇒ 5 + 4 = 9 units

⇒ A + B + C = 6 units

⇒ (A + 2B + C) − (A + B + C) = B

⇒ 9 − 6 = 3 units

⇒ B = 3 units

⇒ A + C = (A + B + C) − B = 6 − 3 = 3 units

⇒ Time taken by (A + C) = 60 ÷ 3 = 20 days

∴ A and C together can complete the work in 20 days.

Shortcut Trick

Efficiency of A = 48 ÷ 12 = 4 and B = 48 ÷ 16 = 3 (taking Total Work = 48).

Combined work of A and B in 4 days = (4 + 3) × 4 = 28 units.

Remaining work = 48 − 28 = 20 units.

Extra days for B = 20 ÷ 3 = 6 2/3 days.

∴ The correct answer is 6 2/3 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 12 days

Time taken by B = 16 days

They work together for 4 days.

Calculations:

⇒ Total work to be completed = LCM(12, 16) = 48 units

⇒ Work done by A and B together in 1 day = 4 + 3 = 7 units

⇒ Total work done in 4 days = 7 × 4 = 28 units

⇒ Remaining work after A leaves = 48 − 28 = 20 units

⇒ Time taken by B to finish remaining work = 20 ÷ 3 = 6 2/3 days

∴ The correct answer is 6 2/3 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time

The efficiency of a person is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete the work (Efficiency = Work ÷ Time).

Combined Work Formula

If two people finish work in x and y days respectively, they together finish it in (x × y) ÷ (x + y) days.

Pipes and Cisterns

This concept follows the same logic where an inlet pipe has positive efficiency and an outlet pipe has negative efficiency.

Work and Wages

Wages are distributed among workers based on the ratio of work done by each, which is the product of their efficiency and time worked.

Given:

Marked Price = ₹8,000

Selling Price = ₹6,200

Formula Used:

Discount Percentage = (Marked Price - Selling Price) / Marked Price × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Discount = ₹8,000 - ₹6,200

⇒ Discount = ₹1,800

⇒ Discount Percentage = (1,800) / (8,000) × 100

⇒ Discount Percentage = 0.225 × 100

⇒ Discount Percentage = 22.5%

∴ The correct answer is 22.5%.

Given:

Simple Interest = ₹1200

Rate of Interest = 6% per annum

Time = 2 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest = (Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ ₹1200 = (Principal × 6 × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ ₹1200 = (Principal × 12) ÷ 100

⇒ Principal = (₹1200 × 100) ÷ 12

⇒ Principal = ₹120000 ÷ 12

⇒ Principal = ₹10000

∴ The correct answer is ₹10000.

Shortcut Trick

Interest for 3 years (5 − 2) = 2500 − 2000 = ₹500

Interest for 1 year = 500 ÷ 3 = ₹166.67

Principal (P) = Amount after 2 years − 2 years interest = 2000 − (2 × 500 ÷ 3) = ₹5000/3

Rate (R) = (Interest for 1 year ÷ Principal) × 100 = (500/3 ÷ 5000/3) × 100 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amount at the end of 2 years (A₂) = ₹2000

Amount at the end of 5 years (A₅) = ₹2500

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI)

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Interest for 3 years (from 2^nd to 5^th year) = ₹2500 − ₹2000 = ₹500

⇒ Interest for 1 year = 500 ÷ 3

⇒ Interest for 2 years = (500 ÷ 3) × 2 = ₹1000/3

⇒ Principal (P) = Amount after 2 years − Interest for 2 years

⇒ P = 2000 − 1000/3 = (6000 − 1000) ÷ 3 = ₹5000/3

⇒ Rate (R) = (Interest for 1 year × 100) ÷ Principal

⇒ R = ((500/3) × 100) ÷ (5000/3)

⇒ R = (500 × 100) ÷ 5000 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Properties

Simple interest remains constant for every year as it is always calculated on the original Principal amount.

Rate of Interest Formula

Rate (R) can also be calculated as: R = (SI for 1 year ÷ Principal) × 100.

Principal and Amount Relationship

The difference between the amounts of two different years is equal to the Simple Interest for the intervening time period.

Given:

Total mixture = 60 litres

Ratio (Milk : Water) = 2 : 1

Removed = 10 litres mixture

Added = 10 litres water

Formula used:

Removed quantity in ratio 

Calculations:

Initial milk = (2/3) × 60 = 40 litres

Initial water = (1/3) × 60 = 20 litres

⇒ Removed milk = (2/3) × 10 = 6.67 litres

⇒ Removed water = (1/3) × 10 = 3.33 litres

⇒ Remaining milk = 40 − 6.67 = 33.33 litres

⇒ Remaining water = 20 − 3.33 = 16.67 litres

⇒ Add 10 litres water:

⇒ New water = 16.67 + 10 = 26.67 litres

⇒ Final ratio = 33.33 : 26.67

⇒ Multiply by 3 ⇒ 100 : 80

⇒ Simplify ⇒ 5 : 4

∴ New ratio of milk to water = 5 : 4

Given:

$PT = 10$

$PQ = 5$

$QR = x$

Formula Used:

$PT^2 = PQ \times PR$

Calculation:

$\Rightarrow PR = PQ + QR = 5 + x$

$\Rightarrow PT^2 = PQ \times PR$

$\Rightarrow 10^2 = 5(5 + x)$

$\Rightarrow 100 = 25 + 5x$

$\Rightarrow 100 - 25 = 5x$

$\Rightarrow 75 = 5x$

$\Rightarrow x = 15$

∴ The correct answer is $15$.

The correct answer is Alauddin Khalji.

Key Points

• Alauddin Khalji, the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty, implemented significant reforms in the market system during his reign (1296–1316 AD) in the Delhi Sultanate.
• He introduced strict control over prices of goods, including essential commodities like grains, cloth, and horses, to avoid inflation and ensure affordability for common people.
• Alauddin Khalji's market reforms were aimed at curbing black marketing, hoarding, and exploitation by merchants and traders. He established a system of fixed prices and ensured their enforcement by appointing officials known as market controllers.
• He set up separate markets for different commodities, such as "grain market" (mandi), cloth market, and livestock market, which were closely monitored by his administration.
• To ensure fair trade practices and prevent corruption, Alauddin Khalji employed spies ("barids") to keep an eye on merchants and monitor market activities. Severe punishments were imposed on those who violated the rules.
• These reforms were crucial to maintaining economic stability during his reign and reflected his administrative foresight and commitment to welfare.

Additional Information

• Firoz Shah Tughlaq:
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388 AD), a ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty, is known for his contributions to infrastructure development, including canals, roads, and buildings.
• He introduced several welfare measures, such as the construction of hospitals and colleges, but did not implement significant market reforms.
• Balban:
• Balban (1266–1287 AD), a ruler of the Slave dynasty, focused on strengthening the central authority and military system. He introduced the "Theory of Kingship" but did not focus on market control or economic reforms.
• His reign was marked by efforts to curb the power of nobles and maintain law and order.
• Iltutmish:
• Iltutmish (1211–1236 AD), another ruler of the Slave dynasty, is best known for consolidating the Delhi Sultanate and introducing the silver coinage system (Tanka).
• Although he made significant contributions to administrative and financial reforms, he did not implement market reforms like Alauddin Khalji.
• Market Reforms under Alauddin Khalji:
• Alauddin Khalji's market reforms were primarily driven by his military campaigns, which required the availability of affordable supplies for his armies.
• These reforms were an early example of state intervention in the economy to regulate trade and ensure social welfare.
• He successfully maintained price stability and prevented economic exploitation during his reign.
• The reforms showcased his administrative capabilities and highlighted the importance of a regulated economy in medieval India.

Important Points

• Spies (Barids): Alauddin Khalji extensively used spies to monitor market activities, ensuring strict implementation of his policies.
• Price Control: Fixed prices for all commodities were enforced, and violations were met with severe penalties.
• Separate Markets: Dedicated markets for grains, cloth, and other goods ensured better organization and regulation.
• Economic Stability: The reforms were crucial in maintaining affordability for common people and supporting his military campaigns.
• Legacy: Alauddin Khalji's market reforms are considered a landmark in the economic history of the Delhi Sultanate, showcasing the role of state intervention in medieval governance.

The correct answer is Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Key Points

• Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court: This feature was borrowed from the Canadian Constitution. Under Article 143 of the Indian Constitution, the President of India can seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of law or matters of public importance. This advisory role strengthens the judiciary's role in governance.
• The Canadian model of federalism also influenced the Indian Constitution in other ways, such as the division of powers between the Union and States.
• The advisory jurisdiction provides a mechanism for resolving legal uncertainties, ensuring clarity on constitutional or legal matters. This is a hallmark of the federal structure influenced by Canada.
• None of the other options listed (Rule of Law, Impeachment of the President, Fundamental Duties) were borrowed from Canada. These features have their origins in other sources like the British Constitution, U.S. Constitution, or Soviet principles.
• This distinctive feature in India ensures the Supreme Court’s role in offering legal counsel to the executive, promoting democratic accountability and rule of law.

Additional Information

• Advisory Jurisdiction in Canada:
• The Canadian Supreme Court has a similar advisory jurisdiction, where the government can refer legal or constitutional questions to the court for its opinion.
• This feature was adapted in India to ensure a consultative relationship between the judiciary and the executive.
• Article 143 of the Indian Constitution:
• This article empowers the President of India to refer questions of law or public importance to the Supreme Court.
• The opinion provided by the Supreme Court under this article is advisory and not binding on the President.
• Example: Presidential references like the Keshav Singh case or the Babri Masjid demolition are significant applications of this provision.
• Other Features Borrowed from Canada:
• Federal system with a strong Centre: The Indian Constitution follows a federal structure with a tilt towards central authority, inspired by Canada.
• Residuary Powers: In India, the residuary powers (those not mentioned in the Union or State List) are vested with the Centre, similar to the Canadian model.
• Origins of Other Options:
• Rule of Law: Borrowed from the British Constitution, it signifies equality before the law and supremacy of law.
• Impeachment of the President: Inspired by the U.S. Constitution, this process ensures checks and balances in a democracy.
• Fundamental Duties: These were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42^nd Amendment Act, 1976, and were inspired by the Soviet Constitution.

Important Points

• Federal Features of Indian Constitution:
• India’s Constitution is federal in structure but unitary in spirit, influenced by the Canadian model.
• Examples include division of powers, independent judiciary, and dual government system.
• However, India has unique features like a single citizenship and flexibility in amending the Constitution, differentiating it from traditional federal states.
• Presidential Reference:
• One of the notable cases under Article 143 was the Keshavananda Bharati case, where basic structure doctrine was established.
• Another example is the reference on the Ayodhya land dispute (2019).

The correct answer is Right to religious conversion.

Key Points

• Article 25 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion to all citizens of India.
• The scope of Article 25 includes:
• Freedom of conscience: Every individual has the right to hold and express their personal religious beliefs.
• Right to profess: Individuals can openly declare and follow their chosen religion.
• Right to practice: Citizens are free to engage in religious rituals, customs, and ceremonies.
• Right to propagate: Citizens have the right to spread or communicate their religious beliefs to others.
• However, the right to religious conversion is not explicitly mentioned or protected under Article 25. Conversion through force, fraud, or inducement is not permissible under Indian law, as it violates public order and individual rights.
• While Article 25 protects individual freedoms, it is subject to reasonable restrictions related to public order, morality, and health, as well as the rights of other citizens.
• The term "propagate" does not imply a fundamental right to convert others through coercion or other unlawful means, as clarified by the judiciary in various judgments.

Additional Information

• Key Provisions under Article 25:
• Freedom of Conscience: This allows individuals to hold their personal religious beliefs without interference from the state or others.
• Right to Propagate: This includes the right to spread religious beliefs but does not extend to forced conversion.
• Reasonable Restrictions: The state can impose restrictions to maintain public order, morality, and health, ensuring that religious practices do not infringe on others' rights.
• Judicial Interpretation:
• In the Rev. Stainislaus vs. State of Madhya Pradesh (1977) case, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to propagate does not include the right to convert others forcibly.
• The court upheld anti-conversion laws in several states, emphasizing that forced conversions disrupt public order.
• Anti-Conversion Laws in India:
• Several states, including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Odisha, have enacted laws to regulate religious conversions.
• These laws aim to prevent conversions through force, fraud, or inducement while respecting individual freedoms.
• Other Related Articles:
• Article 26: Grants the right to manage religious affairs to religious denominations.
• Article 27: Prohibits the use of public funds for promoting or maintaining any religion.
• Article 28: Restricts religious instruction in educational institutions maintained by the state.

Important Points

• Reasonable Restrictions: The state can regulate or restrict religious practices if they conflict with public order, morality, or health.
• Secularism in India: The Indian Constitution follows the principle of secularism, ensuring equal treatment of all religions without favoring or discriminating against any particular faith.
• Religious Freedom Worldwide: Many countries adopt different approaches to religious freedom. For example:
• The First Amendment of the US Constitution protects freedom of religion, including the right to practice and propagate one's faith.
• In contrast, countries like France emphasize strict secularism, restricting overt religious expressions in public spaces.

The correct answer is Beijing.

Key Points

• The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is an international financial institution that focuses on financing infrastructure projects across Asia and beyond.
• It was formally established in December 2015, and began operations in January 2016.
• The headquarters of AIIB is located in Beijing, China, which reflects China's role as the leading initiator and largest shareholder in the bank.
• AIIB aims to enhance economic development and regional cooperation by providing loans for infrastructure projects such as transportation, energy, water systems, and urban development.
• It currently has 106 approved members from across the globe, including major economies like India, Germany, and the UK.

Additional Information

• Overview of AIIB:
• The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was proposed by China in 2013 and officially launched in 2015.
• It is designed to complement existing international financial institutions like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.
• AIIB focuses on sustainable infrastructure and connectivity projects that promote green development.
• Membership and Voting Rights:
• AIIB has both regional and non-regional members, with regional members holding the majority of voting rights.
• China is the largest shareholder, holding approximately 26.6% of voting rights, followed by India and Russia.
• The voting system is based on the size of economic contributions from member countries.
• Key Functions:
• AIIB provides financial support for infrastructure projects through loans, equity investments, and guarantees.
• It emphasizes environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive development.
• Examples of projects funded by AIIB include renewable energy initiatives, transportation networks, and urban infrastructure development.
• Comparison with Other Institutions:
• Unlike the World Bank or Asian Development Bank, AIIB has a narrower focus on infrastructure financing.
• AIIB operates with less stringent conditions compared to traditional financial institutions, making it a popular choice for developing countries.

Important Points

• Major Projects:
• AIIB has financed several major projects globally, including India's Amravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project and Turkey's Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation Project.
• It also supports renewable energy initiatives, such as solar and wind power projects in different countries.
• Environmental and Social Framework:
• AIIB has developed an Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) to ensure that its projects meet high environmental and social standards.
• This framework emphasizes sustainability, stakeholder engagement, and transparency.
• Global Significance:
• AIIB has emerged as a key player in global development financing, challenging the dominance of Western-led institutions like the World Bank.
• Its flexible approach and focus on Asia make it highly relevant for developing economies in the region.

The correct answer is 2016.

Key Points

• The Agreement on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy was signed between India and Japan on 11 November 2016.
• This agreement marked a significant milestone in bilateral relations between India and Japan, emphasizing their cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
• The agreement allows Japan to supply nuclear reactors, fuel, and technology to India, which is not a signatory to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). This highlights Japan's recognition of India's commitment to peaceful nuclear energy uses.
• India committed to adhering to stringent International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards to ensure that the nuclear materials and technology are used exclusively for peaceful purposes.
• The agreement enables India to access advanced nuclear technologies from Japan, which is known for its expertise in the field, thereby supporting India's growing energy demands and climate change mitigation efforts.

Additional Information

• India's Nuclear Energy Program:
• India has ambitious plans for nuclear energy to meet its growing energy demands and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
• The country operates several nuclear reactors and has plans to expand its nuclear power capacity in the coming decades.
• India is a signatory to the Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreements with multiple countries, including the USA, Russia, France, and Canada.
• Japan's Role in Nuclear Technology:
• Japan is renowned for its advanced nuclear technology and expertise in nuclear power generation.
• Japan's nuclear industry has been pivotal in developing safe and efficient nuclear reactor designs, emphasizing safety standards post-Fukushima disaster.
• Japan's cooperation with India reflects its trust in India's commitment to using nuclear energy responsibly.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):
• The IAEA is an international organization that promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevents its misuse for military purposes.
• India has a longstanding association with the IAEA and has implemented its safeguards in civilian nuclear facilities.
• Through its adherence to IAEA guidelines, India demonstrates its commitment to responsible nuclear energy usage.
• Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT):
• The NPT aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful use of nuclear energy.
• India is not a signatory to the NPT but has been recognized internationally for its responsible nuclear energy policies.
• The India-Japan agreement signifies Japan's acknowledgment of India's responsible nuclear energy practices, despite non-adherence to the NPT.

Important Points

• Energy Demand in India:
• India's energy demand is projected to double by 2040, making nuclear energy an essential component of its energy mix.
• The agreement with Japan facilitates the transfer of advanced technologies to support India's energy goals and reduce carbon emissions.
• Significance of Civil Nuclear Agreements:
• Such agreements enable India to access critical nuclear technology and fuel from advanced nuclear nations.
• They foster international cooperation, ensuring the peaceful use of nuclear energy and adherence to global safety standards.
• Global Energy Transition:
• Countries worldwide are transitioning to cleaner energy sources, and nuclear power plays a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• India's collaboration with Japan aligns with global efforts to combat climate change through sustainable energy solutions.

The correct answer is Flute.

Key Points

• Hariprasad Chaurasia is an internationally renowned Indian classical musician, celebrated for his exceptional skill and mastery over the flute.
• He is credited with popularizing the bansuri, a traditional Indian bamboo flute, in the realm of Hindustani classical music.
• Born on 1 July 1938, in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), Hariprasad Chaurasia pursued his passion for music despite his father’s desire for him to become a wrestler.
• He received training in classical vocal music under Raja Ram before dedicating himself to learning the flute under the guidance of Pandit Bholanath Prasanna.
• Hariprasad Chaurasia has collaborated with several prominent artists globally and has composed music for films, showcasing the versatility of the flute across various genres.
• He has been honored with numerous awards, including the prestigious Padma Bhushan (1992) and Padma Vibhushan (2000), for his immense contribution to Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• The Flute in Indian Classical Music:
• The bansuri is a side-blown bamboo flute that holds a significant place in Indian classical music, with its roots tracing back to ancient mythology and scriptures.
• It is often associated with Lord Krishna, who is depicted playing the bansuri, symbolizing love and divinity in Indian culture.
• The bansuri produces a melodious and soothing sound, making it ideal for expressing the intricate nuances of raagas in Hindustani classical music.
• Other Classical Instruments in India:
• Sitar: Popularized globally by maestros like Pandit Ravi Shankar, the sitar is a stringed instrument known for its complex sound and resonance.
• Tabla: A pair of hand-played drums, the tabla is essential in Indian classical and folk music, providing rhythmic accompaniment.
• Violin: Though of Western origin, the violin has been adapted into Indian classical music and is widely used in both Hindustani and Carnatic traditions.
• Hariprasad Chaurasia’s Global Influence:
• He has worked with renowned international artists like George Harrison of The Beatles and composer John McLaughlin, blending Indian classical music with global genres.
• Hariprasad Chaurasia co-founded the Vrindavan Gurukul in Mumbai and Bhubaneswar to train young musicians in the art of flute playing.
• His collaborations extend to Indian cinema, where he has composed music for iconic films like Silsila and Lamhe, alongside Pandit Shivkumar Sharma as the duo Shiv-Hari.

Important Points

• Awards and Recognitions:
• Hariprasad Chaurasia has received international accolades, including the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Konark Samman.
• He was conferred with honorary doctorates from prestigious institutions for his contribution to music education and preservation of Indian classical traditions.
• Legacy:
• Hariprasad Chaurasia’s work has inspired countless musicians worldwide to take up the flute and explore Indian classical music.
• His teachings and performances continue to bridge cultural and musical gaps, promoting harmony and understanding through the universal language of music.

The correct answer is Ministry of Communications.

Key Points

• The Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana (Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude & Research in Stamps as a Hobby) was launched by the Ministry of Communications in August 2017, with the aim to promote philately as a hobby among school students.
• The scheme provides a scholarship to students of classes VI to IX who display a strong inclination towards philately, which is the study and collection of postage stamps.
• The scholarship is awarded to students who score 60% or more marks in their previous final examination and pass a philately quiz and project conducted by the postal department.
• The scheme also aims to develop a scientific temperament and a spirit of inquiry among students through the hobby of philately.
• Under this scheme, 40 scholarships are awarded per postal circle, and each scholarship carries a monetary award of Rs. 6,000 annually (Rs. 500 per month).

Additional Information

• Philately:
• Philately refers to the study and collection of postage stamps and postal history.
• It is considered an important educational and historical hobby, helping students understand the culture, history, and heritage of their country and the world.
• Philately is often referred to as the “king of hobbies” due to its wide appeal and historical significance.
• Ministry of Communications:
• The Ministry of Communications is responsible for the functioning of India Post, which oversees postal services in the country.
• The ministry includes two key departments: Department of Posts and Department of Telecommunications.
• The Department of Posts manages initiatives like philately and other schemes aimed at leveraging postal services for education and awareness.
• Criteria for Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana:
• The scheme is open to students of classes VI to IX in recognized schools across India.
• Participants are required to have their own philately deposit account and submit a project on a philately-related topic.
• Students must pass a philately quiz and a philatelic project evaluation conducted by the postal circle.
• Promotion of Philately:
• India Post organizes various philately exhibitions, workshops, and competitions to promote this hobby among school students.
• Philately clubs are also being established in schools to encourage participation in stamp collection and related activities.

Important Points

• Other Initiatives by India Post:
• India Post organizes National Philatelic Exhibitions to showcase rare and unique stamps.
• Special initiatives like My Stamp allow individuals to create personalized stamps with their own photographs.
• India Post's Role in Education:
• The postal department actively contributes to promoting education and awareness through schemes like Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana.
• It also runs initiatives for financial literacy and digital inclusion in rural areas.
• Global Importance of Philately:
• Many countries use philately as a medium to promote tourism, culture, and history.
• International philatelic exhibitions are held worldwide, fostering cultural exchange and historical preservation.