Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct option is 2) zombie.

Explanation:

• Cookies are small text files that websites store on a user's computer or device when they visit the site.
• Cookies can be used for a variety of purposes, such as remembering a user's preferences or login information.
• However, some cookies can also be used to track a user's activity across multiple websites, which can raise privacy concerns.

Zombie

• Zombie cookies, also known as "evercookies," are a type of persistent cookie that are difficult to remove.
• Zombie cookies can be used to track a user's activity even if they delete their cookies or use private browsing mode.
• The cookies that are automatically recreated after a user has deleted them are called "zombie cookies" or "evercookies".

Additional Information

Persistent

• Persistent cookies are cookies that remain on a user's computer or device even after they close their browser.
• These cookies can be used to remember a user's preferences or login information the next time they visit the website.

Session

• Session cookies are cookies that are deleted when a user closes their browser.
• These cookies are often used to keep track of a user's activity during a single browsing session, such as adding items to a shopping cart.

Third-party 

• Third-party cookies are cookies that are set by a domain other than the one the user is visiting.
• For example, if a user visits a website and that website has embedded content from a third-party domain,
• such as an advertisement or a social media plugin, the third-party domain may set a cookie on the user's computer.
• This can allow the third-party domain to track the user's activity across multiple websites.

Virtual Display Unit (VDU)

• It is also called or synonymously used with "monitor" which is an output device of the computer.
• It consists of millions of tiny light particles called pixels, which are arranged in vertical and horizontal lines to form the image.
• VDU or monitor displays entered text or images or graphics whenever the user enters it using any input devices.
• VDU is the CRT type monitor with the main part being the Cathode Ray Tube, commonly called a picture tube.
• CRT technology provides a cheap and good color output.
• Types of Visual Display Units:
• Liquid Crystal Displays.
• LCD with LED Backlight.
• Cathode Ray Tube.
• Plasma.
• LED

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer option 2) Rendering engine.

• The rendering engine is responsible for displaying web pages in a web browser.
• It is the component of the browser that takes the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code of a web page and converts it into a visual representation that can be displayed on the screen.

Additional Information

• Server: The server is responsible for hosting and serving web pages to the browser. When a user requests a web page, the browser sends a request to the server, which then responds with the requested page. The server may also handle other tasks such as processing form data or storing user information.
• Page engine: There is no such component called Page engine in a web browser. It might refer to a software that helps to create or edit web pages.
• Search Engine: A search engine is a software system that is used to search for information on the World Wide Web. It allows users to enter keywords or phrases related to their query and returns a list of relevant web pages or resources. Popular search engines include Google, Bing, Yahoo, and DuckDuckGo. Search engines are not responsible for displaying web pages in a web browser.

Line Printer Port

• The port that is also known as Line Printer Port is the Parallel port.
• This port is used to connect a computer to a parallel printer, which prints data one line at a time.
• It is called a "line printer port" because parallel printers are often referred to as line printers due to the way they print data.
• Parallel ports were common on older computers, but they have largely been replaced by USB ports for printer connectivity.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Resident.

Key Points 

• A computer virus is a type of malevolent code or program written to alter the way a computer operates and is designed to spread from one computer to another.
• A virus is corporate by inserting or attaching itself to a lawful program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.
• In the procedure, a virus has the prospective to cause unannounced or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.
• Common types of Computer Viruses are:
• File Infecting Virus
• Macro Virus
• Trojan Horse
• Browser Hijacker
• Web Scripting Virus
• Boot Sector Virus
• Polymorphic Virus
• Resident Virus
• Multipartite Virus​​

Important Points

• Resident Virus:
• ​Resident Viruses is a permanent virus that stays in the RAM memory and could cause interruption of the operations that the system has executed.
• This leads to corrupt files and programs.
• Examples are CMJ, Mr Klunky, Randex, and Meve.
• ​Trojan Horse:
• ​A Trojan horse is a hidden piece of code. Viruses enter a system secretly where the Trojan horse enters by deceiving a user.
• A user allows or invites a Trojan into the system, believing in it, but actually, the Trojan horse contains some malicious code to perform some malicious activity.
• Before a Trojan can attack, it must find a way to entice the victim to copy, download, and run it.
• Since few people would knowingly run a malicious program, Trojan must disguise themselves as other programs that the victim believes to be harmless (such as games, utilities, or popular applications).
• File Infector:
• ​File infector virus is also known as a parasitic virus that usually infects memory and executable files.
• Multipartite:​
• This virus can attack both the boot sector and executable files of an infected computer.
• When the virus attaches to the boot sector, it will in turn affect the system files.
• When the virus attaches to the files, it will, in turn, infect the boot sector.

Correct Answer: It is a volatile memory.

• Secondary memory is also known as auxiliary memory or external memory.
• It is a type of computer memory that is used for long-term storage of data and programs, and it is not directly accessible to the CPU.
• Secondary memory is non-volatile, which means that data stored on it is not lost when the power is switched off.
• It is used for tasks such as storing operating systems, software applications, documents, media files, and other types of data that need to be accessed frequently but do not need to be kept in the primary memory (RAM) of the computer.

Additional Information

• It is known as the backup memory: This statement is correct. Secondary memory is often used as a backup for data that is stored in primary memory (RAM).
• This is because the data stored in RAM is volatile and can be lost if the power is turned off or if there is a system crash.
• By contrast, data stored in secondary memory is non-volatile and can be retrieved even if the computer shuts down unexpectedly.
• Data is permanently stored even if power is switched OFF: This statement is correct.
• As mentioned earlier, secondary memory is non-volatile, which means that it retains data even when the power is switched off.
• This is in contrast to primary memory (RAM), which is volatile and loses its contents when the power is turned off.
• Computer may run without the secondary memory: This statement is also correct.
• While secondary memory is an important component of a computer system, a computer can still run without it.
• However, the absence of secondary memory will limit the amount of data and programs that the computer can store and access.
• The computer will have to rely solely on its primary memory (RAM), which is usually much smaller in capacity than secondary memory.

Cache Memory:

• It is an extremely fast memory type that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU.
• It holds frequently requested data and instructions so that they are immediately available to the CPU when needed.
• It is a memory unit placed between the CPU and main memory M and is used to store instructions, data, or both.
• It is used to reduce the average time to access data from the Main memory.
• Cache memory is sometimes used to increase the speed of processing by making current programs and data available to the CPU at a rapid rate.

Quick access Toolbar: 

The Quick Access Toolbar displays a small selection of the more commonly used commands in Word 2010 in the top left-hand corner of the application window (above the Office Button). It is displayed independently of what tab you are currently working in, so you can always see those popular commands there.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Single Core is the oldest type of Central Processing Unit (CPU).

• A CPU is the primary component of a computer system that carries out instructions of a computer program.
• The core is the part of the CPU that performs the arithmetic and logical operations necessary for the program's execution.
• Single-core processors contain only one core and are capable of processing one set of instructions at a time.
• They were the first type of CPU developed and were widely used until the early 2000s.

Additional Information

• Dual Core: Dual-core processors contain two cores and are capable of processing two sets of instructions simultaneously, providing better performance than single-core processors.
• They are still widely used in modern computers, particularly in laptops and desktops designed for general use.
• Triple Core: Triple-core processors contain three cores and are capable of processing three sets of instructions simultaneously, providing even better performance than dual-core processors.
• However, triple-core processors are relatively uncommon, and are not as widely used as dual-core or quad-core processors.
• Quad Core: Quad-core processors contain four cores and are capable of processing four sets of instructions simultaneously, providing even better performance than dual-core and triple-core processors.
• They are widely used in modern computers, particularly in high-end desktops and servers that require powerful processing capabilities.

The Math and Trigonometric functions available in MS-Excel 365 include:

• ABS function: Returns the absolute value of a number.
• Trigonometric functions: These include SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, and ATAN, which are used to calculate the sine, cosine, tangent, arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent of an angle.
• LOG function: Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
• EXP function: Returns e raised to the power of a given number.
• SQRT function: Returns the square root of a number.
• RAND function: Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
• INT function: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
• ROUND function: Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.
• CEILING and FLOOR functions: Round numbers up or down to the nearest integer or multiple of a given value.
• POWER function: Raises a number to a specified power.
• MOD function: Returns the remainder when one number is divided by another.
• SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, and MIN functions: These are basic statistical functions used to calculate the sum, average, maximum, and minimum of a range of numbers.

Note: The text function and logical function are not considered Math and Trigonometric functions, but rather fall under the categories of Text and Logical functions, respectively. Financial functions are also not classified as Math and Trigonometric functions, but rather as Financial functions.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is the Second generation of computers used the technology of transistors for the first time.

• The Second generation of computers (1956-1963) used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, which were used in the first generation of computers.
• Transistors were smaller, faster, and more reliable than vacuum tubes, and they consumed less power.
• The development of transistors was a major breakthrough in computer technology, as it allowed for the creation of smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.
• The second generation of computers also saw the introduction of magnetic core memory, which was faster and more reliable than the drum memory used in the first generation of computers.

Additional Information

• Third Generation: The third generation of computers (1964-1971) saw the introduction of integrated circuits, which were smaller and more reliable than transistors. Integrated circuits allowed for the creation of even smaller and faster computers, and they paved the way for the development of microprocessors.
• First Generation: The first generation of computers (1940s-1950s) used vacuum tubes as the primary electronic component. Vacuum tubes were large, fragile, and consumed a lot of power, and they were prone to failure. The first generation of computers were huge, expensive, and used mainly for scientific and military applications.
• Fourth Generation: The fourth generation of computers (1971-1989) saw the introduction of microprocessors, which were integrated circuits that contained all the components of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip. Microprocessors were smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient than the previous generation of computers, and they led to the development of personal computers (PCs). The fourth generation of computers also saw the development of the graphical user interface (GUI) and the mouse, which made computers more user-friendly and accessible to non-technical users.

The correct option that can be pressed to create a new email message in Gmail is: Compose

• In Gmail, Compose is the button that can be clicked or the key that can be pressed to start creating a new email message.
• It is usually located in the upper left-hand corner of the Gmail window, and it is represented by a red-colored "Compose" icon.

Additional Information

• Settings, Outbound, and Drafts are also buttons in Gmail, but they are not used to create a new email message.
• Instead, they are used for other functions in Gmail.
• Settings: This button is used to access the settings menu in Gmail, where users can customize their Gmail account and adjust various settings such as filters, themes, and forwarding options.
• Outbound: There is no button called "Outbound" in Gmail. It might refer to the "Sent" folder, where users can view their previously sent emails.
• Drafts: This button is used to access the Drafts folder in Gmail, where users can find emails that they have started composing but have not yet sent.
• Users can save a message as a draft and return to it later to finish composing it and send it.

Each cell in the worksheet of MS-Excel 365 is identified by a cell reference.

• Cell reference is a unique identifier for each cell in a worksheet, consisting of a column letter followed by a row number.
• For example, the reference for the cell in the first column and the first row is A1.
• Cell references are used in Excel formulas and functions to calculate and manipulate data in the worksheet.
• They can also be used to create links between cells in different worksheets or workbooks, allowing users to reference data across multiple sheets or files.

Additional Information

• Color: Color is a visual property that can be applied to cells in MS-Excel 365. Users can change the background color or font color of a cell to make it stand out or to make it easier to read. This can be done through the "Fill Color" or "Font Color" options in the "Home" tab of the Excel ribbon.
• Size: Size refers to the dimensions of a cell in MS-Excel 365. Users can adjust the width and height of a cell to make it larger or smaller, depending on their needs. This can be done by dragging the column or row headers to the desired size or by using the "Format Cells" dialog box in the "Home" tab of the Excel ribbon.
• Rounding: Rounding is a mathematical function that can be applied to numbers in MS-Excel 365. Users can round numbers to a specified number of decimal places or to the nearest whole number, depending on their needs. This can be done through the "Number" format options in the "Home" tab of the Excel ribbon.

The correct answer is option 4) Network Attached Storage (NAS).

• NAS is a type of dedicated file storage device that provides local-area network (LAN) users with centralized, consolidated disk storage through a standard Ethernet connection.
• It is designed to be easy to use, and it offers a cost-effective way to store and share files across a network.
• Unlike solid-state drives (SSDs), USB hard drives, and USB sticks, which are typically used for portable storage, NAS is a network-based storage solution that can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously.

Additional Information

• Solid-State Drive (SSD): SSDs are storage devices that use solid-state flash memory to store data. They are faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), and they are often used as the primary storage device in desktop and laptop computers. SSDs come in various form factors, including the standard 2.5-inch drive size for desktop and laptop computers, and the smaller M.2 form factor used in ultrabooks and tablets.
• USB Hard Drives: USB hard drives are portable storage devices that use a USB interface to connect to a computer or other device. They typically have a larger storage capacity than USB sticks and are often used to store large files, such as videos and photos. USB hard drives come in various sizes and form factors, ranging from small, pocket-sized drives to larger, desktop-sized drives.
• USB Sticks: USB sticks, also known as USB flash drives or thumb drives, are small, portable storage devices that use a USB interface to connect to a computer or other device. They are typically used to store and transfer small files, such as documents, photos, and music. USB sticks come in various sizes and capacities, ranging from a few megabytes to several gigabytes

Statement 1 is incorrect.

• The right window of Windows Explorer is not called Navigation Pane.
• The right window is called the Content Pane, and it displays the contents of the folder or file selected in the Navigation Pane.
• The Navigation Pane is located on the left side of the Windows Explorer window, and it displays the file and folder structure of the computer.

Additional Information

• From the Navigation pane, you can view your computer's file and folder structure and access files and folders: This statement is correct. The Navigation Pane in Windows Explorer allows you to navigate through the file and folder structure of your computer, and access files and folders.
• In the Navigation Pane, there is a Quick Access area: This statement is correct. In the Navigation Pane, there is a Quick Access area that provides quick access to frequently used folders and files.
• Navigation Pane is to enable easier navigation through Windows Explorer: This statement is correct. The Navigation Pane in Windows Explorer is designed to make it easier to navigate through the file and folder structure of your computer, and to access files and folders quickly and easily

Adware:

• Adware is software that displays unwanted and aggressive advertising to end-users (for example, pop-up adverts).
• Malvertising is the use of legal advertisements to distribute malware to end-user PCs.
• Adware earns cash for its creator by showing internet adverts in the software's user interface or on a screen that appears in the user's face during the installation process.
• Hence the correct answer is adware.

Additional Information

• A Trojan virus, or Trojan, is a type of malicious software that disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it. Once installed, it can perform harmful actions such as stealing data, damaging system files, creating backdoors for remote control, and installing more malware. Trojans are not self-replicating; they need to be manually installed by the user. To stay protected, maintain updated software, avoid suspicious downloads, and use reliable antivirus tools regularly.
• The worm has the ability to replicate itself without the input of the end-user and may swiftly infect huge networks by migrating from one system to another.
• Spyware snoops on unsuspecting end users, gathering credentials and passwords, browser history, and other information.

The keyboard shortcut used to bookmark the current webpage on a web browser is:

4. Ctrl + D

• Pressing "Ctrl + D" simultaneously on Windows or Linux or "Command + D" on a Mac will bring up a prompt to add the current webpage to the bookmarks or favorites list in the web browser.
• This shortcut is a quick and convenient way to save a webpage for future reference or easy access.

Additional Information

• Ctrl + N: This keyboard shortcut is used to open a new window in most web browsers. It is also used to open a new document or window in some applications. Pressing "Ctrl + N" simultaneously on Windows or Linux or "Command + N" on a Mac will open a new window in the web browser, allowing you to browse to a new webpage or have multiple webpages open at once.
• Ctrl + I: This keyboard shortcut is used to open the bookmarks or favorites manager in most web browsers. It is also used to italicize text in some applications. Pressing "Ctrl + I" simultaneously on Windows or Linux or "Command + I" on a Mac will open the bookmarks or favorites manager in the web browser, allowing you to organize or access your saved bookmarks or favorites.
• Ctrl + B: This keyboard shortcut is used to toggle the bookmarks or favorites bar on and off in most web browsers. It is also used to bold text in some applications. Pressing "Ctrl + B" simultaneously on Windows or Linux or "Command + B" on a Mac will toggle the bookmarks or favorites bar on and off in the web browser, allowing you to easily access your saved bookmarks or favorites.

The correct answer is 4

Key Points 

• The gateway may be a single component of a networking hardware system applied in the field of telecommunication for the interaction of devices, that enable the info flow from one discrete network to others.
• They act as routers or switches that are capable of interacting with multiple networks and may work on seven layers of the OSI model.
• They can be unidirectional (allowing data to flow in only one direction) or bidirectional (allowing data to flow both in and out of a network). Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• The gateway is also known as the network connector and the protocol converter.

Additional Information 

• Node:
• A node could also be a point of intersection/connection within a data communication network.
• In an environment where all devices are accessible through the network, these devices are all considered nodes.
• Bridge:
• Bridges are used to connect two subnetworks that use interchangeable protocols.
• It combines two LANs to form an extended LAN.
• The foremost difference between the bridge and the repeater is that the bridge has a penetrating efficiency.
• Router:
• A router receives and sends data on computer networks.
• Routers are sometimes confused with network hubs, modems, or network switches.
• However, routers can combine the functions of these components, and connect with these devices, to reinforce Internet access or help create business networks.

• Protocol are rules that exist at several levels in a telecommunication connection.
• Protocols are a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted between devices in a network.
• They define the format, timing, sequencing, and error checking of data transmitted over a network, and enable devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other. Examples of common protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.

Additional Information

• Bandwidth: Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a communication channel in a given amount of time.
• It is typically measured in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps).
• Bandwidth is an important factor in determining the speed and capacity of a network, and it is affected by factors such as the type of transmission medium, the number of users on the network, and the quality of the signal.
• Network Surface Unit:  It's possible that you meant "Network Interface Unit" or "Network Interface Card" (NIC), which is a hardware component that allows a device to connect to a network.
• A NIC typically provides a physical interface (such as an Ethernet port) for connecting to the network, as well as the necessary drivers and software for controlling the connection.
• Domain Name: A domain name is a unique identifier for a website or other internet resource.
• It typically consists of two parts: a top-level domain (TLD), such as .com, .org, or .edu, and a second-level domain (SLD), which is the specific name chosen by the owner of the domain.
• Domain names are used to make it easier for users to find and access websites, and they are managed by domain name registrars and domain name system (DNS) servers.

The font effect that is not available in the MS-Word 2010 font dialog box is "Equalize Character Height".

• Equalize Character Height: This option is not available in the MS-Word 2010 font dialog box, but in general, it would be used to adjust the size of characters so that they are all the same height.
• This can be useful for creating a consistent look across text that uses different fonts or styles.
• However, as noted, this option is not available in MS-Word 2010, so it cannot be used in that program.

Additional Information

• Superscript: This option is used to format text so that it appears above the regular text line and slightly smaller.
• It is commonly used for mathematical and scientific formulas, as well as for footnotes.
• Small Caps: This option formats the selected text in a way that makes all the letters uppercase, but with the lowercase letters being smaller than the uppercase letters.
• This option is useful for creating headings and titles that stand out without being too obtrusive.
• Double Strikethrough: This option adds a double line through the selected text, creating a strikethrough effect that is thicker than the single strikethrough option.
• It is often used to indicate that text has been completely deleted or to emphasize that something is not applicable.