Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:

Keyloggers, also known as keystroke loggers, are software applications or hardware devices that record the activity (keys tapped) on a keyboard. Keyloggers are a type of spyware in which users are unaware that their actions are being recorded.

Spyware: Spyware is a type of malicious software or malware that is installed on a computing device without the end user's knowledge.

Keyloggers Characteristics:

• Keyloggers are a type of malware.
• Keyloggers are a particularly insidious type of spyware that can record and steal consecutive keystrokes (and much more) that the user enters on a device.
• The term keylogger, or "keystroke logger," is self-explanatory: Software that logs what you type on your keyboard.
• However, keyloggers can also enable cybercriminals to eavesdrop on you, watch you on your system camera, or listen over your smartphone's microphone.
• Keyloggers may be used for a number of objectives, including fraudulently gaining access to your private information and monitoring staff actions.

Some keyloggers may also record your screen at random intervals; these are known as screen recorders.

• A keylogger is a malicious computer application that records everything you write on the keyboard and learns the keystroke pattern, including words, characters, and symbols, and then sends all of the recorded information to hostile hackers.

Hence the correct answer is option 1.

Serial Port

• Serial ports transmit data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a single communication line. They are often used for slow data transfer over long distances because they are more reliable than parallel ports in such cases.
• A serial port is a serial communication interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time (in contrast to a parallel port). Throughout most of the history of personal computers, data was transferred through serial ports to devices such as modems, terminals and various peripherals.
• A serial port is a type of connection on a PC used for peripherals such as mice, gaming controllers, modems, and older printers. It is sometimes called a COM port or RS-232 port, which is its technical name. If this isn't enough to confuse you, there are two types of serial ports - DB9 and DB25. The DB9 is a 9-pin connection, and the DB25 is, you guessed it, a 25-pin connection.

The correct answer is Pen Drive.

Key Points 

• A flash drive also known as a USB stick, USB thumb drive or pen drive is a plug-and-play portable storage device that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a keychain.
• A USB flash drive can be used in place of a compact disc.
• When a user plugs the flash memory device into the USB port, the computer's operating system (OS) recognizes the device as a removable drive and assigns it a drive letter.​

The correct answer is ALT + F4.

Key Points

• It is one of the keyboard shortcuts that can be used to close a document in MS-Word 365.
• This shortcut will close the active window in any application, including Word, which will also close the active document if it's the only document open.
• However, if there are multiple documents open in Word, this shortcut will only close the active window, leaving the other documents open.
• To close all documents and exit Word, you can use the keyboard shortcut ALT + F4 twice or use the combination CTRL + SHIFT + W.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Cache memory is a small high-speed memory which is used to store a portion of the program or data from the main memory.
• Cache memory is used for temporary storage.
• The processor retrieves instruction or data from the cache memory.
• Data kept in cache memory are frequently used.
• It holds frequently requested data and instructions.
• Cache memory increases the processing speed of the computer.
• It is placed between the CPU and the main memory.
• Cache memory acts as a bridge between CPU and RAM.
• It is costlier than main memory or disk memory.
• It will reduce the average time to access data from the Main memory.

The correct answer is Windows Key+E.

Key Points 

• Windows Key+E: This keyboard shortcut helps the user to open Windows Explorer (or File Explorer) in the Windows operating system.
• Windows Key+R: This keyboard shortcut opens the "Run" dialog box, which allows you to quickly launch programs, open files, and access system tools by typing their names or commands.
• ​Windows Key+X:  This keyboard shortcut opens the Quick Link menu or Power User Menu, which provides quick access to various system tools and settings, such as the Control Panel, Task Manager, Device Manager, File Explorer, and more. The exact contents of the Quick Link menu can vary depending on the version of Windows and any installed updates.
• Windows Key+W: This keyboard shortcut helps the user to open the widget feature. It is applicable to Windows 11 version and more. ​

Thus, the correct answer is Windows Key+E.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e., Switch.

Key Points

• Connecting device:
• Devices that are used to connect other devices are called connecting devices. Types of connecting devices are:
• Repeater: 
• A repeater is a device that receives signals and before it becomes too weak or corrupted the repeater regenerates the original bit pattern and sends the data.
• It is like a refreshing station for data while travelling.
• Hub:
• A hub is a multiport repeater.
• A hub can connect more than two segments of a LAN where a repeater can connect only two segments.
• It also does not have any filtering capabilities like a repeater.
• Bridge:
• A bridge operates in both the physical layer and the data link layer.
• As a physical layer device, it can regenerate bits and as a data link layer device, it can check the physical addresses contained in the frame.
• Bits can be carried to any distance by using properly spaced repeaters, but the collision domain will not allow this and that’s why brides are required.
• Router:
• A router is a three-layer device; physical, data link and network layer.
• As a physical layer device, it can regenerate a bit, as a data link layer device the router can check the physical addresses contained in a packet and as a network layer device, it can check the network layer addresses (addresses in IP layer).
• Switch:
• ​A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices together and filters network traffic to ensure that data is sent to the correct destination.
• It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model, and it uses the physical addresses (MAC addresses) of devices to make forwarding decisions. Switches are commonly used in local area networks (LANs) to connect computers, printers, and other devices.

Additional Information 

• Connecting devices are bridges between the different parts of a document that tie all of the pieces together into one coherent package.
• Connecting devices show the reader how various sections of information are related, and they help keep the reader on track with the flow of information.
• Documents which do not include connecting devices are disjointed, choppy and difficult to read.
• Connecting devices are analogous to the traffic signals people rely on when driving.
• Imagine a major metropolitan area, such as Seattle, without bridges, traffic signs or traffic lights to guide drivers through traffic.
• The same is true of a document that lacks connecting devices: the reader will have a difficult time following the writer's train of thought and the document will not flow smoothly.

 

Note: Distributor is not a common networking term, but it could refer to a device that distributes power or signals to multiple devices.

Application Server

• An application server is a type of middleware server that provides a set of services and components accessible to software developers through an API defined by the platform itself.
• The primary function of an application server is to host and run applications, allowing them to be accessed by clients over a network.
• Application servers typically provide a range of services such as database connectivity, transaction management, security, and messaging.
• They also provide a platform for the deployment and execution of server-side applications written in various programming languages such as Java, .NET, Python, and Ruby, among others.
• Examples of application servers include Apache Tomcat, JBoss, IBM WebSphere, and Oracle WebLogic, among others.

Mail servers, FTP servers, and database servers also provide services accessible through APIs, but they are not typically considered "application servers" as they have more specific functions and are designed to perform different tasks.

Hence the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Virus

Key Points 

• A computer virus is similar to a flu virus, is sketched to spread from host to host and has the ability to replicate itself.
• In more practical terms, a computer virus is a type of malevolent code or program written to alter the way a computer operates and is designed to spread from one computer to another.
• A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) that replicates itself by attaching to other programs or files on a computer and then spreads to other computers when those infected files are shared or transferred.
• A virus is corporate by inserting or attaching itself to a lawful program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.
• In the procedure, a virus has the prospective to cause unannounced or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.

Additional Information 

• Common types of Computer Viruses are:
• File Infecting Virus
• Macro Virus
• Browser Hijacker
• Web Scripting Virus
• Boot Sector Virus
• Polymorphic Virus
• Resident Virus
• Multipartite Virus.

The keyboard shortcut that opens the properties for the selected item on a Windows 10 home screen is:

Alt + Enter

Pressing Alt + Enter while an item is selected (such as a file or folder) will open its properties window. This keyboard shortcut can be used in Windows Explorer/File Explorer, on the desktop, or in any other folder window.

The other keyboard shortcuts mentioned in your question are not associated with opening the properties of a selected item.

• Alt + Shift + Spacebar is used to minimize or maximize the current window.
• Ctrl + Shift + Spacebar is used to select the entire column of data in Excel.
• Ctrl + Enter is used to insert a line break within a cell in Excel.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct shortcut key to quickly create a new, blank workbook in MS-Excel 2010 is: Ctrl + N

Explanation:

• Pressing the Ctrl + N keys together is a shortcut to quickly create a new, blank workbook in MS-Excel 2010.
• This shortcut key combination opens a new workbook without opening the backstage view, which is the view that appears when you click on the File tab in Excel.

Additional Information

• Option 2, Alt + Shift + W is used to open the View tab in the ribbon.
• Option 3, Alt + Shift + N is not a valid shortcut key combination in MS-Excel 2010.
• Option 4, Ctrl + W is used to close the current workbook or window in MS-Excel 2010.

The correct answer is Optical character reader.​

Key Points 

• OCR (Optical Character Recognition) also called Optical Character Reader is a system that provides full alphanumeric recognition of printed or handwritten characters at electronic speed by simply scanning the form.
• More recently, the term Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) has been used to describe the process of interpreting image data, in particular alphanumeric text.​
• An Optical Character Reader (OCR) is a reading device that can read printed text by scanning it character by character.
• The OCR technology works by analyzing patterns in the text and recognizing the characters.
• OCR devices are commonly used to convert printed documents into digital text that can be edited and manipulated in a word processor or other software applications.
• OCR is a popular technology used in document management, data entry, and automated indexing systems

Additional Information

• A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for printing vector graphics.
• Instead of toner, plotters use a pen, pencil, marker, or another writing tool to draw multiple, continuous lines onto the paper rather than a series of dots like a traditional printer.
• A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes, decode the data contained in the barcode and send the data to a computer.
• Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens, and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical signals.
• A scanner is an input device that scans documents such as photographs and pages of text. 
• This creates an electronic version of the document that can be viewed and edited on a computer.
• When a document is scanned, it is converted into a digital format.
• Option 1, Track Ball is an input device used for pointing, similar to a computer mouse. It is a small, handheld device with a ball on top that is rotated by the user's fingers to move the on-screen pointer.
• Option 2, Digitizer is a device that converts analog signals into digital signals. In computing, digitizers are commonly used to convert analog signals from devices such as microphones and cameras into digital signals that can be processed by a computer.
• Option 3, Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR) is a device that can read characters printed with magnetic ink. MICR technology is commonly used to read the numbers and characters on checks and other financial documents.

The correct answer is: Only P and Q

Explanation:

• P: This statement is true. The MATCH() function in MS Excel searches for a specified item in a range of cells and returns the relative position of that item in the range.
• Q: This statement is also true. The syntax for the MATCH() function in MS Excel is MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type]). The lookup_value argument specifies the value to search for, the lookup_array argument specifies the range of cells to search, and the match_type argument specifies the type of match to perform (exact match or approximate match).
• R: This statement is false. The lookup_value and lookup_array arguments are required, but the match_type argument is optional. If you omit the match_type argument, Excel assumes an exact match.

The incorrect statement is: Arithmetic Logic Unit is responsible for taking the input, converting it into a signal, and storing it for further processing.

Explanation:

• This statement 2 is incorrect. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is not responsible for taking the input, converting it into a signal, and storing it for further processing.
• Rather, the ALU is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations on data, such as addition, subtraction, and comparisons.

Additional Information

• This statement 1 is correct. The control unit is responsible for controlling the order in which instructions enter and leave the processor, and how the instructions are executed.
• This statement 3 is correct. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is often referred to as the mathematical brain of a computer because it is responsible for performing the arithmetic and logical operations that are necessary for processing data.
• This statement 4 is correct. The control unit directs and manages operation sequences by fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and executing them in the correct order. The control unit also manages the flow of data between the CPU and other parts of the computer system.

Correct Answer :- Instruction Register (IR)

Instruction Register (IR):

• The IR holds the instruction which is just about to be executed.
• The instruction from the PC is fetched and stored in IR.
• As soon as the instruction is placed in IR, the CPU starts executing the instruction, and the PC points to the next instruction to be executed.

Additional Information

Control register: A control register is a processor register that changes or controls the general behaviour of a CPU or other digital device. Common tasks performed by control registers include interrupting control, switching the addressing mode, paging control, and coprocessor control.

Memory Address Registers (MAR): It holds the address of the location to be accessed from memory. MAR and MDR (Memory Data Register) together facilitate the communication of the CPU and the main memory.

Memory Data Registers (MDR):

It contains data to be written into or to be read out from the addressed location.

General Purpose Registers:

These are numbered as R0, R1, R2….Rn-1, and used to store temporary data during any ongoing operation. Its content can be accessed by assembly programming. Modern CPU architectures tend to use more GPR so that register-to-register addressing can be used more, which is comparatively faster than other addressing modes.

Program Counter (PC): Program Counter (PC) is used to keep the track of the execution of the program. It contains the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched. PC points to the address of the next instruction to be fetched from the main memory when the previous instruction has been successfully completed. Program Counter (PC) also functions to count the number of instructions. The incrementation of PC depends on the type of architecture being used. If we are using a 32-bit architecture, the PC gets incremented by 4 every time to fetch the next instruction.

Condition code register ( CCR ): Condition code registers contain different flags that indicate the status of any operation. For instance, let's suppose an operation caused the creation of a negative result or zero, then these flags are set high accordingly. and the flags are:

• Carry C: Set to 1 if an add operation produces a carry or a subtract operation produces a borrow; otherwise cleared to 0.
• Overflow V: Useful only during operations on signed integers.
• Zero Z: Set to 1 if the result is 0, otherwise cleared to 0.
• Negate N: Meaningful only in signed number operations. Set to 1 if a negative result is produced.
• Extend X: Functions as a carry for multiple-precision arithmetic operations.

You should use the option "Reply" when you receive an email in Gmail and want to send a response to the original sender only.

Explanation:

• "Reply" is the option you should choose when you want to respond to the original sender of an email only.
• When you click "Reply", Gmail will automatically populate the "To" field with the email address of the person who sent you the email.
• You can then type your response and send it directly to that person.

Additional Information

• "Forward" is used to send an email to someone who was not originally included in the email thread. When you forward an email, you can add new recipients, modify the subject line or add additional comments.
• "Both Reply and Forward" is not an option in Gmail. However, you can reply to an email and then forward that reply to someone else.
• "Reply All" is used when you want to send a response to the original sender and all the other recipients of the original email. Use this option only when you want everyone on the email thread to see your response.

The correct answer is: DVD is not a magnetic disk.

Explanation:

• DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) is not a magnetic disk.
• It is an optical disc that uses laser technology to read and write data.
• DVDs are used for storing and playing back video and audio content, as well as data storage.

Additional Information

• Disk pack is a type of magnetic disk that consists of multiple disks stacked on top of each other and enclosed in a protective case.

Each disk has a magnetic coating that stores data. Disk packs were commonly used in early computer systems and were typically large and bulky.

• Winchester disk, also known as a hard disk drive (HDD), is a type of magnetic disk that uses one or more rotating disks with magnetic coatings to store data. Hard disk drives are commonly used in modern computers and other electronic devices for storing large amounts of data.
• Zip disk is a type of magnetic disk that was popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It used a similar technology to floppy disks but had a higher storage capacity. Zip disks were commonly used for data backup and transfer, but have largely been replaced by USB flash drives and cloud storage.

The correct answer is Save, Undo, Redo ​

Key Points:

• The Quick Access Toolbar on the top left corner of the MS-Word 2010 consists of Save options.
• The Quick Access Toolbar is located next to the Microsoft Office button.
• It is a customizable toolbar that comes with a set of independent commands.
• It gives you quick access to commonly used commands like save, undo, redo etc.

Memory is required in the webserver to downloading anything.

Explanation:

• This statement is 1 incorrect. Memory in the webserver is not required for downloading anything.
• When a user requests a file or webpage from a web server, the server sends the data to the user's device, where it is stored in the device's memory, not the webserver's memory.
• The webserver's memory is used to handle the request and generate the response, but it does not store the downloaded data.

Additional Information

• This statement 2 is correct. Uploading is the process of copying data from the user's device to the web server. For example, a user can upload a file to a web server by selecting the file from their device and using a form to submit the file to the server.
• This statement 3 is correct. During uploading, data travels from the user's device to the web server. The data is transmitted over the internet using protocols such as HTTP or FTP.
• This statement 4 is correct. Downloading is the process of copying files from the web server to the user's device. For example, a user can download a file from a web server by clicking a link or button on a webpage. The file is then copied from the web server to the user's device.

TCP / IP model is a communications protocol to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP / IP model has 4 layers.

The four layers are as follows:

• Application layer
• Transport layer
• Internet layer
• Network access layer

The presentation layer is absent in the TCP / IP model.

Various Protocols and the layers on which they work in TCP/IP model is shown:

 

• TCP/IP model has 4 layers while the OSI model has 7 layers.
• These 7 Layers of OSI are the application layer, the presentation layer, the session layer, the transport layer, the network layer, the data-link layer, and the physical layer.
• The presentation layer is absent in the TCP/IP model while it is present in the OSI model.