SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 14 Jul 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The option that represents the correct order of the given words as they would appear in an English dictionary is:

3. Warcraft
4. Wardenship
5. Wardrobe
6. Warehouse
7. Warranty
8. Warriors

Hence, the correct answer is "3, 6, 5, 2, 4, 1".

The least possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

I. All desks are plates. → Does not follow (As, Some plates are desks → desks are plates)

II. All plates are desks. → Does not follow (As, Some plates are desks)

III. Some plates are trays. → Follows (As, Some trays are plates)

IV. All trays are desks. → Does not follow (As, Some desks are trays → trays are desks)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion III follows".

The logic followed here is:

Skin: Touch → We perceive the sense of touch by our skin.

Similarly,

Nose : ? → We perceive the sense of smell by our nose.

Hence, the correct answer is "Smell".

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

• Ganesh was taking a walk with his mother’s brother’s → Mother's brother is Uncle of Ganesh.
• Mother's brother's father is Grandfather of Ganesh.
• Mother’s brother’s father’s granddaughter → Grandfather's granddaughter is daughter of Ganesh's uncle.
• Therefore, Ganesh is walking with his cousin.

Hence, the correct answer is "Cousin".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

First row is vowel series in reverse order.

Hence, the correct answer is "AH".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (First number ÷ 2) + 1 = Second number

Let's check each option as per the logic,

1. 20 ∶ 11 → (20 ÷ 2) + 1 = 10 + 1 = 11

2. 6 ∶ 4 → (6 ÷ 2) + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4

3) 15 ∶ 9 → (15 ÷ 2) + 1 = 7.5 + 1 = 8.5 ≠ 9

4. 12 ∶ 7 → (12 ÷ 2) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7

Here, we can see that only Option 3 doesn't follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "15 ∶ 9".

The logic followed in the given figure series is:

From Figure (1) to (2):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

From Figure (2) to (3):

The symbols are moved as shown below and the symbol O changes into a star.

From Figure (3) to (4):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

From Figure (4) to Answer Figure (5):

The symbols are moved as shown below and the symbol D changes into C.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

As 1 and 6 are the common faces on both the dice, the remaining faces 2 and 5 are opposite to each other.

As 1 and 5 are the common faces on both the dice, the remaining faces 6 and 4 are opposite to each other.

Clearly, the remaining number 3 will be opposite to 1.

Hence, the correct answer is "3".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Second number × $√Third number$ = First number

• (55, 11, 25) → 11 × $√25$ = 11 × 5 = 55
• (64, 16, 16) → 16 × $√16$ = 16 × 4 = 64

Similarly,

• (33, 11, 9) → 11 × $√9$ = 11 × 3 = 33

Hence, '(33, 11, 9)' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'CJU' is the correct answer.

The logic followed in the given figure series is:

From Figure (1) to (2):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

From Figure (2) to (3):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

From Figure (3) to (4):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

 

From Figure (4) to Answer Figure (5):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The Venn diagram that best illustrates the relationship between Ticket, Aeroplane, and Train is shown below:

 

We need ticket to travel on Train and Aeroplane.

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Letter + 4 = Next letter

1. BFJN → B + 4 = F; F + 4 = J; J + 4 = N
2. DHLP → D + 4 = H; H + 4 = L; L + 4 = P
3. HJKP → H + 2 = J; J + 1 = K; K + 5 = P
4. JNRV → J + 4 = N; N + 4 = R; R + 4 = V

Hence, 'HJKP' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number × (First number - 2)² = Second number

• 5 ∶ 45 → 5 × (5 - 2)² = 5 × 3² = 5 × 9 = 45
• 3 ∶ 3 → 3 × (3 - 2)2 = 3 × 12 = 3 × 1 = 3

Similarly,

• 6 ∶ ? → 6 × (6 - 2)2 = 6 × 42 = 6 × 16 = 96

Hence, '96' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

The series follows prime number series 7,11,13,17,19......

Hence, '39' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number - 3333 = Second number

• 7183 ∶ 3850 → 7183 - 3333 = 3850
• 8972 ∶ 5639 → 8972 - 3333 = 5639

Similarly,

• 6957 ∶ ? → 6957 - 3333 = 3624

Hence, '3624' is the correct answer.

As 6 and 5 are the common faces on both the dice, the remaining faces 4 and 3 are opposite to each other.

Hence, '3' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: First number = (Second number)³ × 5

• 625 ∶ 5 → 5³ × 5 = 125 × 5 = 625
• 2560 ∶ 8 → 83 × 5 = 512 × 5 = 2560

Similarly,

• 5000 ∶ ? → 103 × 5 = 1000 × 5 = 5000

Hence, '10' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, '92' is the correct answer.

1. × + − ÷

256 × 4 + 9 - 3 ÷ 14 = 51

⇒ 1024 + 9 - 0.21 = 51

⇒ 1033 - 0.21 = 51

⇒ 1032.79 ≠ 51

2. ÷ × − +

256 ÷ 4 × 9 - 3 + 14 = 51

⇒ 64 × 9 - 3 + 14 = 51

⇒ 576 - 3 + 14 = 51

⇒ 590 - 3 = 51

⇒ 587 ≠ 51

3. × ÷ + −

256 × 4 ÷ 9 + 3 - 14 = 51

⇒ 256 × 0.45 + 3 - 14 = 51

⇒ 115.2 + 3 - 14 = 51

⇒ 118.2 - 14 = 51

⇒ 104.2 ≠ 51

4. ÷ − × +

256 ÷ 4 - 9 × 3 + 14 = 51

⇒ 64 - 27 + 14 = 51

⇒ 78 - 27 = 51

⇒ 51 = 51

Hence, '÷ − × +' is the correct answer.

1. O L P X E L Y → C L O V E / C L P W E / C L O X E / C L O Y E
2. O L O Y E L Z → C L O V E / C L O W E / C L O Y E / C L O Z E
3. O L O X F M Y → C L O V E / C L O W E / C L O X F / C M O Y E
4. O L O X E L Y → C L O V E / C L O W E / C L O X E / C L O Y E

• In option 4, a pattern is repeated.
• When we divide the letter series into four equal parts, we observe that first three letters CLO and last letter E is same. While the fourth letter follows a pattern which is shown below:
• V + 1 = W; W + 1 = X; X + 1 = Y

Hence, ‘O L O X E L Y’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, 'EMDRF' is the correct answer.

1. – and +

588 ÷ 28 × 32 - 72 + 160 = 760

⇒ 21 × 32 - 72 + 160 = 760

⇒ 672 - 72 + 160 = 760

⇒ 832 - 72 = 760

⇒ 760 = 760

2. ÷ and –

588 - 28 × 32 + 72 ÷ 160 = 760

⇒ 588 - 896 + 0.45 = 760

⇒ 588.45 - 896 = 760

⇒ -307.55 ≠ 760

3. + and ×

588 ÷ 28 + 32 × 72 – 160 = 760

⇒ 21 + 2304 - 160 = 760

⇒ 2325 - 160 = 760

⇒ 2165 ≠ 760

4. ÷ and +

588 + 28 × 32 ÷ 72 – 160 = 760

⇒ 588 + 28 × 0.45 - 160 = 760

⇒ 588 + 12.6 - 160 = 760

⇒ 600.6 - 160 = 760

⇒ 440.6 ≠ 760

Hence, '– and +' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 13.40 m.

Key Points

• Badminton:-
• It is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.
• Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court.
• Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the other team's half of the court.
• Badminton courts:-
• It's ​width for singles is 5.18 m and for doubles it is 6.1 m.
• The badminton net is placed at the center of the court, and its height is 1.55 meters from the ground level.
• The court's lines are 40mm wide and are considered inside the court's measurements.
• The badminton court's overall area is 87.4 square meters, and it is divided into two equal halves for singles and doubles games.

Additional Information

• Here is a list of the names of badminton cups:
• Thomas Cup: International men's team badminton championship
• Uber Cup: International women's team badminton championship
• Sudirman Cup: International mixed team badminton championship
• BWF World Championships: Individual badminton championship featuring singles, doubles, and mixed doubles
• BWF World Junior Championships: Individual badminton championship for players under the age of 19
• BWF World Senior Championships: Individual badminton championship for players over the age of 35
• BWF World Tour Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, and Super 300 tournaments: Series of badminton tournaments held throughout the year

The correct answer is The Comptroller and Auditor General.

Key Points

• Comptroller and Auditor General:-
• The Administrative Head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department is The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
• The CAG is a constitutional authority that is responsible for auditing all receipts and expenditures of the Government of India and the state governments.
• This includes auditing the accounts of various ministries, departments, and public sector undertakings.
• The CAG is appointed by the President of India for a term of six years.
• He/she can be removed only through a process of impeachment by the Parliament.
• The CAG is assisted by a team of officers who are responsible for carrying out the audit work.
• This team includes Accountant Generals, Principal Accountant Generals, and Director Generals.

Additional Information

• Accountant General (AG):-
• It is the head of the state audit offices.
• There are 28 AG offices in the country, one for each state and union territory.
• The AG is responsible for conducting audits of the state governments' accounts and reporting the findings to the CAG.
• Principal Accountant General (PAG):-
• It is the head of the audit offices for specific sectors such as defence, railways, and posts and telecommunications.
• The PAGs report to the CAG through the AGs.
• Director General (DG):-
• It​ is the head of the audit offices for specific functions such as commercial audits, performance audits, and IT audits.
• The DGs report to the CAG directly.

The correct answer is PM-ABHIM.

Key Points

• PM-ABHIM:-
• It stands for Pradhan MantriAyushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission.
• This scheme is the largest pan-India scheme aimed at strengthening health care infrastructure across the country.
• It focuses on providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care services to the citizens of India.
• The scheme aims to improve the availability of quality health care services, especially in the rural and remote areas.
• Additionally, PM-ABHIM also aims to reduce the financial burden on the citizens by providing them with affordable health care services.

Additional Information

• LaQshya:-
• It​ is a scheme launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to improve the quality of care in Labour room and Maternity Operation Theatres.
• AB-PMJAY:-
• It​ stands for Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana.
• It is a scheme aimed at providing health insurance to the economically weaker sections of the society.
• PM-MI:-
• It stands for Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana.
• It is a maternity benefit programme that provides financial assistance to pregnant women and lactating mothers.

The correct answer is Raksha Bandhan.

Key Points

• Raksha Bandhan:-
• It​ is the festival associated with the term 'ties of protection'.
• It is celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Shravana.
• The festival celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters.
• On this day, sisters tie a sacred thread called 'Rakhi' on their brother's wrist as a symbol of love and protection.
• Brothers, in turn, promise to protect their sisters and give them gifts.
• The festival is also celebrated between cousins, friends, and even between soldiers and their commanders.

Additional Information

• Baisakhi:-
• It​ is a harvest festival celebrated in Punjab and marks the Sikh New Year.
• Karwa Chauth:-
• It​ is a festival celebrated by married women in North India for the long life of their husbands.
• Chhath Pooja:-
• It​ is a festival celebrated in Bihar and parts of Uttar Pradesh to thank the Sun God for sustaining life on earth.

The correct answer is Anshu Malik.

Key Points

• Anshu Malik:-
• ​She won the silver medal in the 57 kg category at the World Wrestling Championship held in Oslo, Norway.
• She is a young Indian wrestler from Haryana who has been making waves in the wrestling world with her impressive performances in various national and international tournaments.
• Her silver medal win at the World Wrestling Championship is a significant achievement for her and a proud moment for India, as she is one of the promising young talents in the country's wrestling scene.

Additional Information

• Seema Bisla
• Seema Bisla is an Indian wrestler.
• She is a bronze medalist at the Asian Wrestling Championships and represented India at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
• She lost her opening bout against Sarra Hamdi of Tunisia.
• Sonam Malik:-
• She is an Indian wrestler who represents Haryana.
• She is a two-time world junior champion and a three-time Asian medalist.
• She is the youngest Indian woman to qualify for the Olympics, doing so at the age of 18 in 2021.
• Sanju Devi:-
• She is an Indian women's freestyle wrestler who competes in the 62 kg weight class.
• She is a two-time World Junior Silver Medalist (2021, 2022) and a Commonwealth Games Silver Medalist (2022).

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI):- 
• The MPI takes into account multiple factors such as health, education, and standard of living to measure poverty.
• The index is aimed at identifying the poorest households and regions in the country, and helping policymakers to design targeted interventions.
• Bihar emerged as the poorest state as per the first-ever Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) prepared by Niti Aayog and launched in November 2021.
• Bihar's poverty rate stands at 52.9%, which is higher than the national average of 27.9%.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh has a poverty rate of 41.5% according to the MPI, while Uttar Pradesh has a poverty rate of 29.4%.
• Mizoram is not among the 22 states covered by the MPI.

The correct answer is depreciation.

Key Points

• Depreciation:-
• The consumption of fixed capital is also known as "depreciation":
• Consumption of fixed capital refers to the reduction in the value of a fixed asset due to wear and tear, obsolescence, or other factors.
• Depreciation is the accounting method used to allocate the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life, reflecting the consumption of fixed capital over time.
• Depreciation can be calculated using different methods, such as straight-line depreciation, declining balance depreciation, or sum-of-the-years' digits depreciation.

Additional Information

• Net investment:-
• It​ refers to the difference between gross investment and depreciation, representing the actual increase in the stock of fixed assets.
• Appreciation:-
• It​ refers to the increase in the value of an asset over time, which is the opposite of depreciation.
• Gross investment:-
• It​ refers to the total amount of investment in fixed assets, including both the increase in the stock of assets and the replacement of existing assets.

The correct answer is Vitasta.

Key Points

• Vitasta:-
• Vitasta or Jhelum River is one of the five rivers that flow through the Punjab region and is the westernmost of the five rivers.
• It originates from the Verinag spring in the Himalayas and flows through the Kashmir valley before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab River.

Additional Information

• Askini:-
• It​ is the ancient name of the Chenab River.
• Chenab River is one of the five major rivers of the Punjab region, flowing through India and Pakistan.
• It is formed by the confluence of two headwaters, Chandra and Bhaga,
• Vipash:-
• It is the ancient name of the Beas river.
• The Beas rises in the Himalayas in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and flows for some 470 kilometers (290 mi) to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab.
• Parushni:-
• It is the ancient name of the Ravi river.
• The Ravi is one of the five rivers of the Punjab region, along with the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, and Beas.
• It rises in the Himalayas in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and flows for some 720 kilometers (450 mi) to the Chenab River in Pakistan.

The correct answer is Sabha.

Key Points

• Sabha:-
• It​ was the assembly in the villages which were inhabited predominantly by the Brahmanas in the Chola administration.
• It was a local self-government institution that functioned as a council of elders who were responsible for the administration and maintenance of the village.
• Sabha was also responsible for the collection of taxes, maintenance of law and order, and resolving disputes within the village.
• The members of the Sabha were usually Brahmanas who were elected by the villagers.
• Sabha was an important institution in the Chola administration as it helped in the smooth functioning of the village administration.

Additional Information

• Ur:-
• It was the smallest unit of administration in the Chola empire.
• It was a village or a group of villages that were governed by a council of elders.
• Khilya:-
• It​ was a military unit in the Chola army that consisted of 100 soldiers.
• Nagaram:-
• It was a term used for a city or a town in the Chola empire.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Tapi Basin:-
• It​ is a river basin located in western India.
• It includes parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
• Rajasthan does not fall under the Tapi Basin as it is located to the north of the basin.
• The Tapi River is the main river in this basin, and it flows through Surat and empties into the Arabian Sea.
• The Tapi Basin is known for its fertile agricultural lands and is an important source of water for irrigation.

Additional Information

• Basins of Maharashtra:-
• Godavari Basin​
• Tapi Basin
• Krishna Basin
• Penganga Basin
• Wardha Basin
• Wainganga Basin
• Basins of Madhya Pradesh:-
• ​Narmada Basin
• Chambal Basin
• Betwa Basin
• Ken Basin
• Son Basin
• Basins of Gujarat:-
• Narmada Basin
• Mahi Basin
• Sabarmati Basin
• Luni Basin
• ​It is also the state with the largest share of the Tapi Basin.

The correct answer is Helium.

Key Points

• Helium:-
• It​ is used as a cooling medium for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the superconducting magnets in MRI scanners and NMR spectrometers due to its ability to remain in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures.
• Helium is a noble gas and is non-reactive, making it an ideal cooling medium for sensitive equipment.
• In the LHC, helium is used to cool the superconducting magnets to temperatures close to absolute zero (-273.15°C) in order to maintain their superconductivity.
• In MRI scanners and NMR spectrometers, helium is used to cool the superconducting coils which create the strong magnetic fields needed for imaging.

Additional Information

• Neon:-
• It is a noble gas and is also non-reactive like helium, but it has a lower boiling point and is not as efficient at cooling.
• Chlorine:-
• It is a halogen and is highly reactive, making it unsuitable for use as a cooling medium.
• Argon:- 
• ​It is a noble gas like helium and neon, but it has a higher boiling point than helium and is not as efficient at cooling.

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam and Kathakali.

Key Points

• Mrinalini Sarabhai:-
• She was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer, and instructor.
• She was the founder and director of the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
• She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1992 and the Padma Shri in 1965.
• She also received many other citations in recognition of her contribution to art.
• Mrinalini Sarabhai is an exponent of Bharatanatyam and Kathakali dance forms.
• Bharatanatyam:-
• It is one of the oldest classical dance forms of India, originating in Tamil Nadu.
• It is known for its intricate footwork, hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements.
• Kathakali:-
• It​ is a traditional dance form of Kerala that combines dance, music, and acting.
• It is known for its elaborate costumes, makeup, and facial expressions.

Additional Information

• Odissi:-
• It​ is a classical dance form of Odisha that emphasizes fluid body movements, graceful poses, and storytelling through dance.
• Kathak:-
• It is a classical dance form of North India that emphasizes footwork, spins, and storytelling through dance.
• Kuchipudi:-
• It​ is a classical dance form of Andhra Pradesh that combines dance, music, and acting.
• It is known for its graceful movements and storytelling through dance.
• Yakshagana:-
• It​ is a traditional dance form of Karnataka that combines dance, music, and acting.
• It is known for its colorful costumes, makeup, and storytelling through dance.

The correct answer is Shaivism.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam:-
• It is a classical dance form that originated in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and is known for its intricate footwork, hand gestures, and facial expressions.
• The dance form expresses South Indian religious themes and spiritual ideas of Shaivism, one of the major branches of Hinduism that worships Lord Shiva as the supreme being.
• The dance form is performed in temples, festivals, and other auspicious occasions as a form of worship and is believed to bring blessings and divine grace to the performers and the audience.
• Shaivism emphasizes the importance of yoga, meditation, and devotion to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death and achieve union with Shiva.

Additional Information

• Sufism:-
• It​ is a mystical branch of Islam that emphasizes the inner spiritual experience of the divine and the attainment of unity with Allah through love, devotion, and service.
• Buddhism and Jainism:-
• These​ are non-theistic religions that emphasize the path of self-realization and liberation through ethical conduct, meditation, and wisdom.

The correct answer is Vilayat Khan.

Key Points

• Vilayat Khan:-
• ​Vilayat Khan was an Indian sitar player who made a major contribution to Hindustani classical music.
• He was one of the most distinguished sitar players of his time, and was known as "Aftab-e-Sitar" or "The Sun of the Sitar".
• Sitar:-
• It is a stringed instrument of the lute family, popular in Hindustani classical music.
• It has a long neck and a wide, bowl-shaped resonator.
• There are typically 20 strings, of which seven are melody strings and the rest are drone strings.
• The melody strings are played with the fingers, while the drone strings provide a continuous background sound.

Additional Information

• Ali Akbar Khan:-
• He​ was a Hindustani classical musician who played the sarod.
• Bahadur Khan:-
• He was a sarod player and composer.
• Amjad Ali Khan:-
• He​ is a sarod player who is also known for his collaborations with Western musicians.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• AFC Women's Asia Cup:-
• It is a quadrennial football tournament that is contested by the national teams of Asia.
• It is organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
• India is set to host the AFC Women's Asia Cup Football-2022.

Additional Information

• Jordan was the host of the previous edition of the tournament in 2018, where Japan emerged as the champions by defeating Australia in the final.
• Bangladesh has not yet hosted the AFC Women's Asia Cup.
• However, the country has hosted other AFC tournaments in the past, such as the AFC U-16 Women's Championship.
• China has hosted the AFC Women's Asia Cup five times in the past, which is the most by any country.
• The last time China hosted the tournament was in 2014, where they finished as the runners-up after losing to Japan in the final.

The correct answer is Chess.

Key Points

• Bhakti Pradip Kulkarni:-
• She​ is an Indian chess player who has won several national and international tournaments.
• She was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2022, which is one of the highest honors for sports in India.
• The award is given to athletes who have consistently performed well at the international level and brought laurels to the country.

Additional Information

• Table Tennis:
• India has produced several world-class table tennis players, including Sharath Kamal and Manika Batra.
• However, none of them were conferred with the Arjuna Award in 2022.
• Badminton:
• India has a strong tradition in badminton, with players like Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu winning Olympic medals.
• However, they were not the recipients of the Arjuna Award in 2022.
• Wrestling:
• India has a rich history in wrestling, with several wrestlers like Sushil Kumar winning Olympic medals.

The correct answer is Subhas Chandra Bose.

Key Points

• ‘Tiger Legion' or ‘Free India Legion':-
• The founder of 'Tiger Legion' or 'Free India Legion' was Subhas Chandra Bose.
• The legion was formed during World War II with the objective of freeing India from British rule with the help of Axis powers.
• The legion consisted of Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese army in Southeast Asia and Indian civilians in exile in Germany.
• The legion was also known as the Indian Legion and Azad Hind Fauj.
• Subhas Chandra Bose:-
• He is also known as Netaji
• He was an Indian nationalist opposed to British rule in India.
• An advocate of armed resistance, he became a leading figure in the Indian independence movement in the 1930s and 1940s.

Additional Information

• Vinayak Damodar Savarkar:-
• He​ was a prominent Indian independence activist and politician.
• Sohan Singh Bhakhna:-
• He​ was a Sikh political and religious leader who played a significant role in the Ghadar Movement.
• Lala Hardayal:-
• He​ was a revolutionary and writer who founded the Ghadar Party.

The correct answer is Brood parasitism.

Key Points

• Brood parasitism:-
• It is a reproductive strategy in which a parasite lays its eggs in the nest of another individual of the same species or different species, and the host raises the parasite's young.
• This strategy is often used by birds, such as cuckoos, cowbirds, and honeyguides, but it can also be observed in insects, fish, and mammals.
• Brood parasites have evolved various adaptations to increase their chances of success, such as mimicking the appearance and behavior of the host's eggs or chicks, laying their eggs at the same time as the host, or removing the host's eggs.
• Brood parasitism can have both costs and benefits for the host, depending on the degree of similarity between the parasite and the host, the number of parasites in the host's nest, and the availability of alternative nesting sites.

Additional Information

• Sexual parasitism:-
• It also known as mate parasitism, refers to a reproductive strategy in which a male or female gains access to a mate or a nest by deceiving or coercing the other individual.
• Klepto parasitism, or kleptoparasitism:-
• It​ refers to a feeding strategy in which a parasite steals food from another individual, often by chasing or harassing it.
• Competitive parasitism, or social parasitism:-
• It refers to a reproductive strategy in which a parasite takes over the resources and/or reproduction of a host, often by manipulating its behavior or physiology.

The Correct answer is: "3) (C), (B), (A)"

Key Points

• Tribal Population Analysis:
• Based on the 2011 Census of India, understanding the tribal population distribution is crucial for socio-economic planning and resource allocation.
• The census data include comprehensive details about various demographic indicators, including the population of Scheduled Tribes (ST).
• Odisha (C):
• Odisha has a significant tribal population, but it is lesser than that of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
• The major tribes in Odisha include the Kondh, Santal, and Munda among others.
• The total tribal population in Odisha as per the 2011 Census is approximately 9.59 million.
• Maharashtra (B):
• Maharashtra has a higher tribal population compared to Odisha but less than Madhya Pradesh.
• The prominent tribes in Maharashtra include the Bhil, Gond, and Warli among others.
• The total tribal population in Maharashtra as per the 2011 Census is approximately 10.51 million.
• Madhya Pradesh (A):
• Madhya Pradesh has the highest tribal population among the three states mentioned.
• Tribes such as the Gond, Bhil, Baiga, and Korku inhabit this state.
• The total tribal population in Madhya Pradesh as per the 2011 Census is approximately 15.31 million.

Additional Information

• Importance of Tribal Population Data:
• Tribal population data helps in formulating policies for the upliftment and welfare of tribal communities.
• The data is also used in designing targeted developmental programs to improve infrastructure, education, and healthcare in tribal areas.
• Government Policies and Schemes:
• Various schemes such as the Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana and Integrated Tribal Development Program (ITDP) are aimed at the holistic development of tribal areas.
• Tribal sub-plan (TSP) funds are allocated for the development of tribal-dominated areas to ensure equitable growth.

The correct answer is 1980.

Key Points

• 1980 Industrial Policy:-
• The industrial policy in which the investment limit for tiny industry/unit was increased to ₹2 lakh is the 1980 industrial policy.
• This policy was introduced with the aim of promoting small-scale industries and providing them with financial assistance.
• The increase in investment limit allowed more entrepreneurs to enter the market and set up their own businesses.
• This policy also introduced measures such as reservation of products, subsidies on raw materials, and priority lending to small-scale industries to further support their growth.

Additional Information

• 1977 industrial policy:-
• It​ focused on reducing regional disparities and promoting balanced regional development.
• 1991 industrial policy:-
• It​ introduced economic liberalization and emphasized on privatization, deregulation, and globalization.
• 1956 industrial policy:-
• It was the first policy introduced after India's independence and focused on industrialization through public sector enterprises.

The correct answer is Fred Hoyle.

Key Points

• Fred Hoyle:-
• He​ is the scientist who thought of the concept of the steady state of the universe.
• Steady state theory suggests that the universe has no beginning or end and that new matter is continuously created to maintain a constant density.
• Hoyle proposed this theory as an alternative to the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe began with a massive explosion.
• Hoyle's theory was widely debated and eventually fell out of favor as evidence for the Big Bang theory mounted.

Additional Information

• Edwin Hubble:-
• He is known for his work on the expanding universe and the discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way.
• Harold Jeffrey:-
• He was an American mathematician who worked on the theory of partial differential equations and geophysics.
• Pierre-Simon Laplace:-
• He was a French mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions to celestial mechanics and statistics.

The correct answer is i - b, ii - a, iii - d, iv - c. 

Key Points

• Chlorophyceae:-
• It is a class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology.
• They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
• The chloroplast may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral- or ribbon-shaped in different species.
• Most of the members have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplast.
• Pyrenoids contain protein besides starch. Some green algae may store food in the form of oil droplets.
• Phaeophyceae:-
• It also known as brown algae, is a class of multicellular algae that are found primarily in marine environments.
• They are distinguished by their brown color, which is due to the presence of the pigment fucoxanthin.
• Brown algae range in size from microscopic filaments to giant kelp forests that can reach over 60 meters in length.
• Cyanophyceae:-
• It is known as Cyanobacteria, is a class of prokaryotic organisms that obtain energy via photosynthesis.
• It is known as Blue-green algae.
• They are considered to be the oldest form of life on Earth, with fossils dating back over 3.5 billion years.
• Cyanobacteria are found in a wide variety of habitats, including freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments.
• Rhodophyceae:-
• It also known as red algae, is a class of eukaryotic algae that are found primarily in marine environments.
• They are distinguished by their red color, which is due to the presence of the pigment phycoerythrin.
• Red algae range in size from microscopic filaments to large, complex seaweeds.

The correct answer is Ricardian theory of rent.

Key Points

• Ryotwari system:-
• The Ryotwari system​ of revenue collection in India was introduced by the British during their colonial rule.
• This system was based on the Ricardian theory of rent, which states that rent is the surplus income earned by landowners due to the differential fertility of land.
• Under the Ryotwari system, individual farmers or ryots were directly responsible for paying land revenue to the government.
• This system was prevalent in areas where landownership was fragmented and there were no intermediaries between the government and the farmers.

Additional Information

• Smith's theory :-
• It​ is based on the idea that rent is paid for the use of land that has a fixed supply and is immobile.
• Malthusian theory :-
• It suggests that as population growth increases, land becomes scarce and rents increase, leading to a decline in living standards.
• Marx's theory :-
• It​ is based on the idea that rent is a form of exploitation of the labor of tenant farmers by landowners who hold a monopoly on land.

The correct answer is Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.

Key Points

• Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff:-
• He was a Dutch chemist and the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• He is considered one of the founders of stereochemistry and physical chemistry.
• He received the Nobel Prize in 1901 for his contribution to the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions.
• His work laid the foundation for the study of physical chemistry and was instrumental in the development of the field of thermodynamics.

Additional Information

• Hermann Emil Fischer:-
• He was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902 for his work on the structure and synthesis of organic compounds.
• Svante August Arrhenius:-
• He was a Swedish chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for his work on electrolytic theory.
• Henri Moissan:-
• He​ was a French chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1906 for his work on the isolation of fluorine.

The correct answer is Articles 5 to 11.

Key Points

• Articles 5 to 11 of the Indian Constitution are related to citizenship.
• Article 5: Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution At the commencement of this Constitution every person who has his domicile in the territory of India.
• Article 6: It provided rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
• Article 7: Provided Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
• Article 8: Provided Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
• Article 9: Provided that if any person voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State will no longer be a citizen of India.
• Article 10: It says that every person who is or is deemed to be a citizen of India under any of the foregoing provisions of this Part shall, subject to the provisions of any law that may be made by Parliament, continue to be such citizen.
• Article 11: It empowers Parliament to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all matters relating to it.

Additional Information

• Articles 15 to 21:-
• These articles deal with fundamental rights related to equality, prohibition of discrimination, and protection of life and personal liberty.
• Articles 2 to 4:-
• These articles deal with the admission and establishment of new states in India.
• Articles 25 to 31:-
• ​These articles deal with freedom of religion and rights of minorities.

Shortcut Trick

Assume B = 100.

Since A is 95% of B, then A = 95.

Required percentage = (B / A) × 100 = (100 / 95) × 100 = 2000 / 19.

2000 ÷ 19 = 105 with remainder 5.

∴ The correct answer is 105 5/19%.

Alternate Method

Given:

A = 95% of B

⇒ A = (95/100) × B

⇒ A/B = 95/100 = 19/20

Calculation:

We need to find what percent of A is B.

⇒ Percentage = (B / A) × 100

⇒ Percentage = (20 / 19) × 100

⇒ Percentage = 2000 / 19 %

⇒ Percentage = 105 5/19 %

∴ The correct answer is 105 5/19%.

Additional Information

Percentage Base Change

If x is r% more than y, then y is [r/(100+r)] × 100% less than x.

Reciprocal Percentages

If A = k × B, then B = (1/k) × A. To find B as a % of A, use (1/k) × 100%.

Fraction to Percentage

To convert any fraction a/b to a percentage, multiply by 100 and add the % symbol.

Given:

The marked price of mustard oil = 25% more than its cost price

Concept Used:

Discount Percentage = (MP - SP)/MP * 100

Calculation:

Let the cost price of mustard oil be Rs 100x.

So, Marked price = 100x + 25% of 100x

Marked price = 100x + 25x

= 125x

For no profit, no loss, Selling price = Rs 100x

Excess price = 125x - 100x

= 25x 

Discount percentage offered on MP = (Excess Price / MP) × 100

Discount percentage offered on MP = (25x / 125x) × 100

⇒ 20%

Therefore, the discount percentage offered on the market price to have no profit and no loss is 20%.

Given:

A and B can complete the work in 25 days and 30 days.

A and B work alternatively  = 5 days

Formula used:

Work = Efficiency × Time

Calculation:

Total work = LCM of (25, 30)

Total work = 150 unit

The efficiency of A = 150/25 = 6 unit/day

The efficiency of B = 150/30 = 5 unit/day

A and B work alternatively for 5 days, starting with A, then

⇒ 6 × 3 + 5 × 2

= 28 unit

Remaining work = 150 - 28

Remaining work = 122

The Time taken by B to complete the remaining work = 122/5

= 24(2/5) days

∴ The required days to complete the remaining work by 'B' are 24(2/5) days.

Shortcut Trick

Total Distance = (120 + 100) outward + 220 return = 440 km.

Total Time = (120/80) + (100/40) + (220/75) = 1.5 + 2.5 + 2.933 = 6.933 hours.

Average Speed = 440 ÷ 6.933 ≈ 63.46 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 63.46 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance 1 (d₁) = 120 km, Speed 1 (s₁) = 80 km/h

Distance 2 (d₂) = 100 km, Speed 2 (s₂) = 40 km/h

Return Distance (d₃) = 120 + 100 = 220 km, Speed 3 (s₃) = 75 km/h

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Time 1 (t₁) = 120 ÷ 80 = 1.5 hours

⇒ Time 2 (t₂) = 100 ÷ 40 = 2.5 hours

⇒ Time 3 (t₃) = 220 ÷ 75 = 44 ÷ 15 ≈ 2.933 hours

⇒ Total Distance = 120 + 100 + 220 = 440 km

⇒ Total Time = 1.5 + 2.5 + 2.933 = 6.933 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 440 ÷ 6.933 ≈ 63.461 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 63.46 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If a person covers two equal distances at speeds u and v, then the average speed = (2uv) ÷ (u + v).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the opposite direction, relative speed is the sum of their speeds (s₁ + s₂). If they move in the same direction, it is the difference (s₁ − s₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Shortcut Trick

Efficiency of 8 Men × 45 days = 8 Women × 18 days

⇒ 5 Men = 2 Women (Since 5 × 9 = 45 and 2 × 9 = 18 is not the ratio, use M/W = 18/45 = 2/5)

⇒ Total Work = 8 × 2 × 45 = 720 units

⇒ Required Days = 720 ÷ (5 × 2 + 8 × 5) = 720 ÷ 50 = 14 2/5 days

∴ The correct answer is 14 2/5 days.

Alternate Method

Given: 8 men take 45 days, 8 women take 18 days.

Formula Used: Total Work = Number of Persons × Efficiency × Days

⇒ Efficiency of 1 Man = 2 ÷ 8 = 1/4

⇒ Efficiency of 1 Woman = 5 ÷ 8 = 5/8

⇒ Combined Efficiency of 5 Men + 8 Women = 5 × (1/4) + 8 × (5/8)

⇒ Combined Efficiency = 5/4 + 5 = 25/4

⇒ Days Required = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency = 90 ÷ (25/4)

⇒ Days Required = (90 × 4) ÷ 25 = 360 ÷ 25 = 72 ÷ 5 = 14 2/5 days

∴ The correct answer is 14 2/5 days.

Additional Information

Man-Days Formula

M₁D₁H₁/W₁ = M₂D₂H₂/W₂, where M is persons, D is days, H is hours, and W is work.

Work and Efficiency

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time. If a person completes work in 'n' days, efficiency is 1/n per day.

Combined Work

Total days to complete work together = 1 ÷ (Total efficiency of the combined group).

Shortcut Trick

Take the lowest power common from the given expression:

⇒ 6²⁵(1 + 6¹ + 6² + 6³)

⇒ 6²⁵(1 + 6 + 36 + 216)

⇒ 6²⁵ × 259

Since 259 is a factor in the expanded form, the expression is exactly divisible by 259.

∴ The correct answer is 259.

Alternate Method

Given:

The expression is 6²⁵ + 6²⁶ + 6²⁷ + 6²⁸

Calculation:

To find the divisor, we simplify the expression by taking out the highest common factor among the terms.

⇒ 6²⁵ + 6²⁶ + 6²⁷ + 6²⁸

Factoring out 6²⁵ from all terms:

⇒ 6²⁵(1 + 6¹ + 6² + 6³)

Calculate the values of the powers of 6:

⇒ 6¹ = 6

⇒ 6² = 6 × 6 = 36

⇒ 6³ = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216

Substitute these values back into the parentheses:

⇒ 6²⁵(1 + 6 + 36 + 216)

Add the numbers inside the bracket:

⇒ 6²⁵(7 + 36 + 216)

⇒ 6²⁵(43 + 216)

⇒ 6²⁵(259)

This means the expression can be written as a multiple of 259. Therefore, it is perfectly divisible by 259.

∴ The correct answer is 259.

Additional Information

Factoring Consecutive Powers

For any sum of consecutive powers like aⁿ + aⁿ⁺¹ + aⁿ⁺² + ..., you can always factor out the smallest power aⁿ. The remaining factor (1 + a + a² + ...) will directly give you the multiplier and reveal the divisors.

Properties of Divisibility

If a number N can be expressed in the form A × B, then N is completely divisible by both A and B independently, as well as by any factor of A or B.

Unit Digit of Powers of 6

The number 6 raised to any positive integer power always results in a unit digit of 6. This means 6ⁿ ends in 6 for all n ≥ 1.

Calculation

We  have 20% of 50 = 10

Therefore Required number:

Number of students scoring less than 10 marks in aggregate

= 100 - Number of students scoring 10 and above marks in aggregate

= 100 - 87

= 13.

The number of students scoring less than 20% marks in aggregate is 13.

Calculation

The perpendicular bisector of any chord passes through the centre of the circle,

OP ⊥ AB

In OPB, ∠OPB = 90⁰

PB² = OB² – OP²

⇒ PB² = 10² – 6²

⇒ PB² = 64

⇒ PB² = 8²

⇒ PB = 8 cm

OP bisects AB

⇒ AP = PB = 8 cm

∴ AB = AP + PB = 8 + 8 = 16 cm

The length of AB is 16 cm.

Given:

sin(A + B) = 1 and cos(A - B) = 1/2 

Formula used:

sin90° = 1

cos60° = 1/2

Calculation:

sin(A + B) = 1

⇒ sin(A + B) = sin90° 

⇒ A + B = 90° ....(1)

Again, 

cos(A – B) = 1/2

⇒ cos(A – B) = cos60° 

⇒ A – B = 60° .....(2)

Adding equation (1) and (2), we get

⇒ A + B + A – B = (90° + 60°)

⇒ 2A = 150° 

⇒ A = (150/2)

⇒ A = 75° 

The value of a is 75°.

Given:

Speed of train = 108 km/hr

Length of train = 900 meters

Length of platform = 900 meters

Formula Used:

Time = Distance/Speed

Calculation:

Speed of train in km/hr = 108 km/hr

Speed of train in m/sec = 108 × 5/18

⇒ 30 m/sec

Time taken by train to cross the platform:

As we know,

Time = Distance/Speed

⇒ (900 + 900)/30

⇒ 1800/30

⇒ 60 sec

∴ The train will cross the platform in 60 seconds.

Formula used

(a - b)² = a² + b² - 2ab

Calculation

Multiplying the expression by 4/7.

⇒  4/7 × (7b - 1/4b) = 7 × 4/7

⇒  4b - 1/7b = 4

Squaring both sides:

⇒ (4b - 1/7b)² = 4²

⇒ $16 b^2+\frac{1}{49 b^2}$- 2 × 4 × 1/7 = 16

⇒ $16 b^2+\frac{1}{49 b^2}$ = 16 + 8/7

⇒ $16 b^2+\frac{1}{49 b^2}$ = 120/7

The value is 120/7.

Calculation:

In congruent triangles ΔABC & ΔXYZ, If m∠C = m∠Z and AC = XZ, then,

According to the side-angle-side postulate, the two sides and the involved angle of the two triangles should be equal for congruency,

⇒ ∠ABC = ∠XYZ & AB = XY

Also,

⇒ ∠ACB = ∠YZX

So, BC = YZ

∴ The correct statement is BC = YZ

Mistake Points

Please note that According to the side-angle-side postulate, the two sides and the involved angle of the two triangles should be equal for congruency.

Given:

PT = 8 cm

PA = 6 cm

Formula used

PT² = PA × PB

Here, PT is tangent

Calculation:

Let AB be "x"

PT² = PA × PB

8² = 6(6 + x)

32/3 = 6 + x

x = 14/3

The value of AB is 14/3 cm.

Formula used:

Effective discount = x + y - (x × y)/100

effective discount = (Article get free)/(Total articles) × 100

Calculation:

Scheme I. Buy 3 get 4 free

So, effective discount for scheme A is = (Article get free)/(Total articles) × 100

= 4/(4 + 3) × 100 = 57.12%

Scheme II. Buy 5 get 6

So, effective discount for scheme B is = (Article get free)/(Total articles) × 100

= 6/(6 + 5 ) × 100 = 54.54%

A has the maximum discount percentage.

Calculation:

⇒ 6500 + 6500 ×  25/100

⇒ 6500 + 1625

⇒ 8125

The gross amount should be 8125 (in Rs. crores) in 2019-2020, if the total cost remained the same.

Given 

A person invests on simple interest = Rs. 10000

A person invests on simple interest = Rs. 8,000

Rate of Interest = 4%

Rate of Interest = 5%

Time = t year

Time = 4 year

Formula used.

Simple interest = Principal × Time × Rate/100

Amount = Principal(1 - Rate/100)2

Calculation 

The Rate of Interest for the first and second sum is 4% and 5% p.a. respectively.

(10000 × 4 × t) / 100 = ((8000) × 4 × 5) / 100

⇒ 40t = 160

⇒ t = 160/40

⇒ t = 4

The value of t (in percentage) is 4 years.

Given:

Time taken by Man to finish a work = 10 days

Time taken by Boy to finish a work = 15 days

Time taken by a woman to finish a work = 30 days

Concept:

Since man, woman and boy finish the same work at different times, calculate their efficiencies using the formula M₁D₁ = M₂D₂ and proceed.

Formula used:

M₁D₁ = M₂D₂

Efficiency × No of days of work = Total Work

Calculation:

∵ 1 Man × 10 days = 1 Woman × 30 days = 1 Boy × 15 days

⇒ 2 Man = 6 Woman = 3 Boy

∴ The ratio of efficiency of a man, woman and boy = 3 ∶ 1 ∶ 2

Let the efficiency of man, woman and boy = 3a, a and 2a

Work done = 1 × 3a × 10 days

⇒ 30a

Together they will complete the work in:

⇒ 30a / (3a + a + 2a)

⇒ 5 days

The work is finished by a man, a woman and a boy when all of them work together in 5 days.

Given

cos θ = $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Formula used:

cos 30º = $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

tan 30º = 1/$\sqrt{3}$

Calculation

⇒ tan² θ cos² θ

⇒ (1/$\sqrt{3}$)² ×( $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$)²

⇒ 1/3 × 3/4

⇒ 1/4

The value of expression is 1/4.

Calculation

⇒ (3x3 + 5x2y+ 12xy2 + 7y3)

⇒ (3(-4)3 + 5(-4)2(-1) + 12(-4)(-1)2 + 7(-1)3)

⇒ -192 + (- 80) + (-48) + (-7)

⇒ -327

The value is -327.

Concept:

Fourth proportional: If 4 numbers a, b, c, and d are in proportion, then d = (b × c)/a

Calculation:

Let the fourth proportional be y

According to the question

⇒ 39 : 117 = 17 : y

⇒ y = (17 × 117)/39

⇒ y = 51

The value of y is 51.

Given:

The radius of a solid metallic sphere = 4.2 cm 

Formula used:

Volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr³

Calculations:

The volume of the sphere:

(4/3) × (22/7) × 4.2 × 4.2 × 4.2

⇒ 4 × 22 × 0.2 × 4.2 × 4.2

⇒ 310.464 cm3

The volume of a sphere is 310.464 cm3

Given

(a + b + c) = 16

(a2 + b2 + c2) = 90

Formula used

(a + b + c)² = (a2 + b2 + c2) + 2(ab + bc + ca)

Calculation

162 = 90 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 256 - 90 = 2(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 166 = 2(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ (ab + bc + ca) = 166/2

⇒ (ab + bc + ca) = 83

The value is 83.

Shortcut Trick

Equate the numerator to the denominator since the fraction equals 1.

3 sin θ − cos θ = cos θ + sin θ

Grouping similar trigonometric terms: 3 sin θ − sin θ = cos θ + cos θ

2 sin θ = 2 cos θ ⇒ sin θ = cos θ

For sin θ = cos θ, the value of cot θ (cos θ / sin θ) is 1.

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Alternate Method

Given: {(3 sin θ − cos θ) / (cos θ + sin θ)} = 1

Formula Used: cot θ = cos θ / sin θ

Calculations:

⇒ (3 sin θ − cos θ) / (cos θ + sin θ) = 1

⇒ 3 sin θ − cos θ = 1 × (cos θ + sin θ)

⇒ 3 sin θ − cos θ = cos θ + sin θ

⇒ 3 sin θ − sin θ = cos θ + cos θ

⇒ 2 sin θ = 2 cos θ

⇒ sin θ = cos θ

Divide both sides by sin θ:

⇒ sin θ / sin θ = cos θ / sin θ

⇒ 1 = cot θ

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Additional Information

Cotangent Ratio

In a right-angled triangle, cot θ is the ratio of the Base (Adjacent) to the Perpendicular (Opposite), which is also equal to cos θ / sin θ.

Reciprocal Identity

The cotangent function is the reciprocal of the tangent function: cot θ = 1 / tan θ.

Standard Trigonometric Value

When θ = 45°, the values of sine and cosine are equal (1 / √2), making the value of cot 45° = 1 and tan 45° = 1.

Given:

Sony and Mony, start running on a circular track of length 200 m at speeds of 18 and 24 km/h, respectively, in the same direction.

Formula used:

When two runners run on a circular track of length D m at a m/sec and b m/sec, respectively, in the same direction.

Time taken by them to meet for the first time at starting point on the track

⇒ LCM (D/a , D/b)

Calculation:

The speed of Sony (S₁) = 18 km/hr

⇒ 18 x (5/18) = 5 m/sec

The speed of Mony (S₂) = 24 km/hr

⇒ 24 x (5/18) = 20/3 m/sec

Time taken by them to meet for the first time at the starting point on track

⇒ LCM (D/a , D/b)

⇒ LCM (200/5, 200/(20/3))

⇒ LCM (40, 30)

 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5

 30 = 2 x 3 x 5

⇒ LCM (40, 30) = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 120 seconds

∴ The required time is 120 seconds.

Calculation:

(265)4081 + 9 is divisible by 266

⇒ (266 - 1)⁴⁰⁸¹+ 9

Now when divided by 266, 

⇒ $(266 - 1)^{4081}\over 266$ + $9 \over 266$

Remainder from first fraction will be (- 1)⁴⁰⁸¹and + 9 from second fraction

Remainder as whole = - 1 + 9 = 8

∴ Remainder when (265)4081+ 9 is divided by 266 is 8.

The correct answer is "Neetu have been."

Key Points 

• In the given sentence, the error lies in the first part.
• The subject "Neetu" is singular, but the verb "have been" is plural.
• This creates a subject-verb agreement error.
• The correct verb form for "Neetu" would be "has been."
• The sentence should read: "Neetu has been waiting for me since 10 o'clock in the morning."

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is "Over."

Key Points 

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Under" means below the surface of something; covered by something.
• Example: Most of an iceberg is under the water.
• "Over" means above or higher than something.
• Example: He threw a ball over the fence.
• In the given sentence, the dog is climbing under the fence, so the opposite would be climbing over the fence.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• In option 2, Sink: This word means to go down or submerge, which is not the opposite of climbing under something.
• In option 3, Behind: This word means at the back of something, which is not the opposite of going under something.
• In option 4, Beneath: This word is a synonym of 'under', so it cannot be the antonym.

The correct answer is "gliterring."

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the word "gliterring" is incorrectly spelled.
• The correct spelling is "glittering" with two "t's" i.e. "glittering."
• The word means shining or sparkling brightly.
• It is an adjective used to describe something that reflects light.
• Example: Her dark eyes glittered more than usual.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• In option 1 (assigned) is spelled correctly and means designated or given a particular job or task.
• In option 2 (apprentices) is spelled correctly and refers to a person who is learning a trade or skill from a skilled employer.
• In option 3 (beggars) is spelled correctly and refers to a person who asks for money or food in a public place.

The correct answer is "The financial results will be announced by the company's board of directors at the annual meeting tomorrow."

Key Points 

• Active voice denotes that the subject is performing the action while passive voice denotes that the subject is acted upon by the verb or action in the sentence.
• The given sentence is in active voice, with the subject ("The company's board of directors") performing the action ("will announce the financial results").
• To convert it into passive voice, we need to make the object ("the financial results") the subject of the sentence and add a form of the verb "to be" + past participle of the main verb ("announced").
• The preposition "at the annual meeting tomorrow" remains at the end of the sentence.
• The final sentence in passive voice will be:  "The financial results will be announced by the company's board of directors at the annual meeting tomorrow."

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is "The participants of the competition are waiting for their turn curiously."

Key Points 

• The subject "participants" is plural, so the verb should also be plural.
• Thus, we will eliminate the options 2, 3 and 4.
• Also, "curiously" is an adverb describing how the participants are waiting.
• Thus, it can be concluded that the sentence in option 1 is grammatically correct.
• The sentence in option 1 has correct subject-verb agreement and proper use of adverb.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 is incorrect because "participants" is plural and "has been waiting" is singular.
• Option 3 is incorrect because "a participants" is grammatically incorrect. It should be "a participant" or "participants".
• Option 4 is incorrect because "participants" is plural and "is waiting" is singular.

The correct answer is "Arrogant."

Key Points 

• Let us understand the meaning of the given and the marked words:
• "Servile" means excessively willing to please or obey others.
• Example: He bowed his head in a servile manner.
• "Arrogant" means having an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities.
• Example: He is a very arrogant and rude person.
• Thus, it is clear that "arrogant" is the opposite of "servile."

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• In option 2, Sheepish means showing embarrassment or shame.
• In option 3, Bickering means engaging in petty, often prolonged, arguments or quarrels.
• In option 4, Cunning means having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion.

Hinglish

• "Servile" का मतलब होता है दूसरों की खुशी या आज्ञा का अत्यन्त पालन करने के लिए तत्पर होना।
• "Arrogant" का अर्थ होता है अपनी महत्वभूता या योग्यताओं का अत्यधिक आकलन करने वाला।
• "Sheepish" का अर्थ है शर्म या संकोच दिखाना। ("Sheepish" means showing embarrassment or shame.)
• "Bickering" इस शब्द का अर्थ है छोटी-छोटी बातों पर झगड़ना या विवाद करना। ("Bickering" means arguing or quarreling about petty matters.)
• "Cunning" का मतलब होता है कपट या धोखे से अपने उद्देश्य को प्राप्त करने में कुशलता दिखाना। ("Cunning" means having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion.)

The correct answer is "Edible."

Key Points

• Let us understand the meanings of the given options:
• Eligible means having the right to do or receive something. (कुछ करने या प्राप्त करने का अधिकार होना।)
• ​Example: You are eligible for the job.
• Digestible means capable of being digested or broken down by the body. (शरीर द्वारा पचाने या तोड़ने में सक्षम)​
• ​Example: The food over there was not digestible.
• ​Curable means able to be cured or treated successfully. (ठीक किया जा सके या सफलतापूर्वक इलाज किया जा सके)
• ​Example: Many types of cancer are curable.
• Edible means fit to be eaten or suitable for consumption. (खाने योग्य या उपभोग के योग्य)
• Example: The berries on this tree are edible, but the leaves are poisonous.
• Thus, it can be concluded that the word "edible" can substitute the given phrase.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is "Not brave".

Key Points

• An idiom is a widely used saying or expression containing a figurative meaning that differs from the phrase's literal meaning.
• Example: "Its raining like cats and dogs" means it is raining very heavily.
• "Lily-livered" is an idiom that means lacking courage or cowardly.
• The phrase is often used in a derogatory or mocking way to describe someone who is afraid or hesitant to take risks.
• Example: "He's too lily-livered to confront his boss about the unfair treatment."
• It can be concluded that option 3 describes the correct meaning of the given idiom.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.