SBI Clerk Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 20 September 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of the conjunction "if" instead of "whether."
• In formal English, "whether" is preferred over "if" when a sentence presents two or more alternatives or a choice (often indicated by the presence of "or").
• The sentence presents two possibilities: he has left the building or he is still inside. Therefore, "whether" is the grammatically appropriate choice.
• Thus, the error is located in part B of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Correct Sentence: "I can't confirm whether he has left the building or he is still inside."

Additional Information

• A: "I can't confirm" – This part is grammatically correct as it introduces the uncertainty.
• C: "left the building" – This part is grammatically correct, completing the first alternative.
• D: "or he is still inside." – This part provides the second alternative and is grammatically sound.
• No error – This option is incorrect because the use of "if" in a choice-based context is considered a stylistic or grammatical error in formal writing.

The correct answer is Option 5.

Key Points

• The sentence is grammatically correct as it stands.
• Part A: "When society requires" uses the correct subject-verb agreement.
• Part B: "to be rebuilt, then there is" correctly uses the passive infinitive "to be rebuilt" and the correlative structure "When... then".
• Part C: "no use attempting to" correctly uses the idiomatic expression "no use" followed by a gerund or a participle phrase.
• Part D: "rebuild it according to the old plan" is a standard prepositional phrase that completes the thought logically.
• Since no grammatical errors are present, the answer is No Error.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Correct Sentence: "When society requires to be rebuilt, then there is no use attempting to rebuild it according to the old plan."

Additional Information

• A: "When society requires" – "Requires" is an intransitive or transitive verb; here it functions correctly with the following infinitive.
• B: "to be rebuilt, then there is" – The use of "then" after a "when" clause is common in logical or conditional statements for emphasis, though often optional.
• C: "no use attempting to" – The phrase "there is no use [doing something]" is a standard English idiom.
• D: "rebuild it according to the old plan." – "According to" is the correct compound preposition to indicate conformity.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The error lies in part A of the sentence. The word "so" should be replaced with "too."
• The grammatical structure "too + adjective + to-infinitive" is used to indicate that something is more than what is desirable or possible for a certain action.
• The sentence is a common English proverb: "It is too late to shut the stable door after the horse has been stolen," which means taking precautions after the damage is already done is useless.
• Using "so" would typically require a "that" clause (e.g., "It is so late that we cannot shut the door"), which is not the structure used here.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Sentence: "It is too late to shut the stable door after the horse has been stolen."

Additional Information

• B: "shut the stable" – This part is grammatically correct as it provides the verb and the object.
• C: "door after the horse" – This part is grammatically correct, continuing the object and introducing the time clause.
• D: "has been stolen." – This part uses the present perfect passive voice correctly to indicate an action completed in the past with relevance to the present.

The correct answer is Option C.

Key Points

• The error lies in part C of the sentence due to the redundant use of the phrase "as to."
• The phrase "as to" is often unnecessary before interrogative adverbs like why, how, where, or when, especially after verbs like tell, explain, discuss, or ask.
• The verb "tell" should be followed directly by the clause it introduces. Therefore, "tell us why" is the grammatically correct and more concise form.
• Removing "as to" ensures the sentence flows naturally without unnecessary wordiness.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Sentence: "I think you'd better tell us why you're asking these questions."

Additional Information

• A: "I think you'd" – This is correct; "you'd" is a contraction for "you had" in the context of the idiom "had better."
• B: "better tell us" – This is correct; "had better" is followed by the bare infinitive (tell).
• D: "asking these questions." – This part is grammatically correct as it completes the present continuous structure "you are asking."

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The error lies in part C of the sentence due to improper sentence structure and a lack of parallelism.
• The sentence uses the correlative conjunction "either... or." For the sentence to be grammatically correct and balanced, the elements following "either" and "or" should be parallel.
• In part B, "either" is followed by the verb phrase "serve us." Therefore, "or" should be followed directly by the verb phrase "cut us."
• The phrase "as we grasp" is a subordinate clause that should be placed after the verb it modifies to maintain the flow and clarity of the comparison.
• The correct sequence should be "or cut us as we grasp," making part C the erroneous section.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Sentence: "Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade."

Additional Information

• A: "Mishaps are like knives" – This part is grammatically correct, establishing the simile.
• B: "that either serve us" – This part is correct and sets up the first half of the "either... or" construction.
• D: "them by the handle or blade." – This part is correct as it provides the object "them" (referring to knives) and the prepositional phrase.
• Parallelism: In English grammar, parallelism is the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a smoother writing style.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The sentence describes a future action, where the main clause is in the future tense ("will start weeping").
• In English grammar, time clauses (introduced by conjunctions like as soon as, when, until, before, after) do not use the future tense even if the main action is in the future.
• Instead, the simple present tense is used in these time clauses to refer to future time.
• Therefore, "as soon as she will see me" must be changed to "as soon as she sees me."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "My mother will start weeping as soon as she sees me."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "As long as she will see me" – This incorrectly uses the future tense "will see" in a subordinate clause and changes the meaning of the conjunction.
• Option 3: "As soon as she saw me" – This uses the past tense, which is inconsistent with the future tense ("will start") used in the main clause.
• Option 4: "As far as she saw me" – "As far as" is typically used to denote distance or extent, and the past tense is grammatically incorrect in this context.
• No Improvement – This is incorrect because the original sentence contains a tense error in the time clause.

The correct answer is Option 5.

Key Points

• The sentence follows the correct grammatical rule for future time clauses.
• When a sentence refers to a future action using a time conjunction like "when," "before," "after," "until," or "as soon as," the main clause uses the future tense, while the time clause uses the simple present tense.
• In the given sentence, "We shall light the fire" is the main clause (future tense), and "when it gets cold" is the time clause (simple present tense).
• The subject "it" is singular, so the singular verb "gets" is correctly used.
• Thus, the underlined part is grammatically correct and requires no improvement.

Therefore, the correct answer is No Improvement.

Correct Sentence: "We shall light the fire when it gets cold."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "when it got cold" – This uses the past tense, which is inconsistent with the future tense "shall light."
• Option 2: "when it had got cold" – This uses the past perfect tense, which is used to describe an action completed before another past action, not a future one.
• Option 3: "while it was cold" – This suggests a continuous state in the past, which does not fit the context of a future intention.
• Option 4: "when it get cold" – This is grammatically incorrect because the singular subject "it" requires the singular verb "gets."

The correct answer is 'A-F.'

Key Points

• From the given options, only the combination of phrases 'A-F' creates a correct sentence.
• Let's look at the sentences:
• 'A-F' means She felt it was nice to meet someone who shared the same goals and values as her.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'elevate'.

Key Points

• The sentence explains how the introduction of cobots transforms manufacturing floors by working safely alongside humans and increasing or boosting overall production efficiency.
• The verb filling blank (A) follows "and" in parallel with "work safely alongside humans", taking "production efficiency" as its direct object. It must convey a positive improvement or rise in efficiency.
• "Elevate" means to raise to a more important or higher degree, level, or position, making it the appropriate fit.
• Other options ("hinder", "suppress", "curtail", "undermine") carry negative connotations meaning to obstruct, hold back, reduce, or weaken, which directly contradicts the advantageous impact of cobots.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Complete Passage: The introduction of collaborative robots, or cobots, is transforming modern assembly lines and manufacturing floors. Unlike traditional industrial machines that operate behind safety cages, cobots use advanced sensors to work safely alongside humans and (A) elevate production efficiency. This technological integration helps manufacturers (B) ________ repetitive strain injuries while maintaining high precision in assembly tasks. By taking over monotonous and hazardous duties, automated systems free human workers to focus on quality control and complex troubleshooting. However, deploying automated hardware requires significant capital investment, leading small enterprises to (C) ________ large upfront expenditures carefully. Furthermore, factories must provide technical reskilling programs to ensure workers can (D) ________ to digital diagnostic interfaces. If workforce training is overlooked, operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) ________. When managed well, human-robot collaboration makes modern factories safer and far more (F) ________.

Additional Information

• Hinder (बाधा डालना/रोकना): Create difficulties for someone or something, resulting in delay or obstruction.
• Suppress (दबाना/दमन करना): Forcibly put an end to; prevent the development, action, or expression of.
• Curtail (घटाना/कम करना): Reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.
• Undermine (दुर्बल करना/कमज़ोर करना): Lessen the effectiveness, power, or ability of, especially gradually.

The correct answer is 'curb'.

Key Points

• The sentence discusses the health and ergonomic advantages of integrating collaborative robots, specifically how taking over monotonous tasks helps to reduce, limit, or control repetitive strain injuries among human workers.
• The verb filling blank (B) takes "repetitive strain injuries" as its object and must denote restraining, decreasing, or putting a check on physical harm.
• "Curb" means to restrain or keep in check; to limit or reduce, making "curb repetitive strain injuries" the appropriate choice.
• Other options ("induce", "incite", "aggravate", "multiply") mean to bring about, provoke, make worse/worsen, or increase significantly in number, which directly contradicts the safety and health benefits of cobots.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: The introduction of collaborative robots, or cobots, is transforming modern assembly lines and manufacturing floors. Unlike traditional industrial machines that operate behind safety cages, cobots use advanced sensors to work safely alongside humans and (A) elevate production efficiency. This technological integration helps manufacturers (B) curb repetitive strain injuries while maintaining high precision in assembly tasks. By taking over monotonous and hazardous duties, automated systems free human workers to focus on quality control and complex troubleshooting. However, deploying automated hardware requires significant capital investment, leading small enterprises to (C) ________ large upfront expenditures carefully. Furthermore, factories must provide technical reskilling programs to ensure workers can (D) ________ to digital diagnostic interfaces. If workforce training is overlooked, operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) ________. When managed well, human-robot collaboration makes modern factories safer and far more (F) ________.

Additional Information

• Induce (प्रेरित करना/उत्पन्न करना): Succeed in persuading or leading someone to do something; bring about or give rise to.
• Incite (उकसाना/भड़काना): Encourage or stir up (violent or unlawful behavior).
• Aggravate (और बिगाड़ना/भड़काना): Make (a problem, injury, or offense) worse or more serious.
• Multiply (बढ़ाना/गुणा करना): Increase or cause to increase greatly in number or quantity.

The correct answer is 'weigh'.

Key Points

• The sentence explains that because deploying automated systems requires significant capital investment, smaller businesses need to evaluate, assess, or deliberate on large upfront costs carefully before investing.
• The verb filling blank (C) pairs with the adverb "carefully" and takes "large upfront expenditures" as its direct object, requiring a word meaning to assess or ponder.
• "Weigh" means to assess the nature or importance of, especially with a view to a decision or action; to consider carefully, making "weigh large upfront expenditures carefully" the appropriate fit.
• Other options ("discard", "ignore", "forfeit", "overlook") mean to throw away, pay no attention to, lose as a penalty, or fail to notice, which does not fit the context of careful financial deliberation.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: The introduction of collaborative robots, or cobots, is transforming modern assembly lines and manufacturing floors. Unlike traditional industrial machines that operate behind safety cages, cobots use advanced sensors to work safely alongside humans and (A) elevate production efficiency. This technological integration helps manufacturers (B) curb repetitive strain injuries while maintaining high precision in assembly tasks. By taking over monotonous and hazardous duties, automated systems free human workers to focus on quality control and complex troubleshooting. However, deploying automated hardware requires significant capital investment, leading small enterprises to (C) weigh large upfront expenditures carefully. Furthermore, factories must provide technical reskilling programs to ensure workers can (D) ________ to digital diagnostic interfaces. If workforce training is overlooked, operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) ________. When managed well, human-robot collaboration makes modern factories safer and far more (F) ________.

Additional Information

• Discard (फेंक देना/त्यागना): Get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable.
• Ignore (अनदेखा करना): Refuse to take notice of or acknowledge.
• Forfeit (गंवा देना/जब्त होना): Lose or be deprived of property or a right or privilege as a penalty for wrongdoing.
• Overlook (नज़रअंदाज़ करना): Fail to notice; ignore or disregard.

The correct answer is 'adapt'.

Key Points

• The sentence explains that factories must provide technical reskilling programs so that workers can adjust to, familiarize themselves with, and successfully use digital diagnostic interfaces.
• The verb filling blank (D) pairs with the preposition "to" and must mean to adjust or become accustomed to new conditions or technologies.
• "Adapt" means to become adjusted to new conditions or modify one's behavior/skills to suit a new environment, making "adapt to digital diagnostic interfaces" the contextually and grammatically correct choice.
• Other options ("succumb", "surrender", "decline", "submit") mean to yield, give up in defeat, deteriorate/refuse, or yield to authority, which does not fit the purpose of workforce reskilling.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: The introduction of collaborative robots, or cobots, is transforming modern assembly lines and manufacturing floors. Unlike traditional industrial machines that operate behind safety cages, cobots use advanced sensors to work safely alongside humans and (A) elevate production efficiency. This technological integration helps manufacturers (B) curb repetitive strain injuries while maintaining high precision in assembly tasks. By taking over monotonous and hazardous duties, automated systems free human workers to focus on quality control and complex troubleshooting. However, deploying automated hardware requires significant capital investment, leading small enterprises to (C) weigh large upfront expenditures carefully. Furthermore, factories must provide technical reskilling programs to ensure workers can (D) adapt to digital diagnostic interfaces. If workforce training is overlooked, operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) ________. When managed well, human-robot collaboration makes modern factories safer and far more (F) ________.

Additional Information

• Succumb (झुक जाना/शिकार होना): Fail to resist pressure, temptation, or some other negative force.
• Surrender (आत्मसमर्पण करना): Stop resisting to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority.
• Decline (कम होना/अस्वीकार करना): Diminish in strength or quality; politely refuse.
• Submit (प्रस्तुत करना/झुकना): Yield to a superior force or to the authority/will of another person.

The correct answer is 'counterproductive'.

Key Points

• The sentence warns about the negative risk of neglecting workforce training: "operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) ________."
• The adjective filling blank (E) is joined by "and" to "disorderly", requiring a negative term that describes an outcome defeating the intended purpose or hindering productivity.
• "Counterproductive" means having the opposite of the desired effect, which accurately captures how poorly trained transitions backfire and harm operations.
• Other options ("seamless", "beneficial", "constructive", "advantageous") carry positive meanings (smooth, helpful, useful, or favorable), which contradicts the warning about overlooked training.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: The introduction of collaborative robots, or cobots, is transforming modern assembly lines and manufacturing floors. Unlike traditional industrial machines that operate behind safety cages, cobots use advanced sensors to work safely alongside humans and (A) elevate production efficiency. This technological integration helps manufacturers (B) curb repetitive strain injuries while maintaining high precision in assembly tasks. By taking over monotonous and hazardous duties, automated systems free human workers to focus on quality control and complex troubleshooting. However, deploying automated hardware requires significant capital investment, leading small enterprises to (C) weigh large upfront expenditures carefully. Furthermore, factories must provide technical reskilling programs to ensure workers can (D) adapt to digital diagnostic interfaces. If workforce training is overlooked, operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) counterproductive. When managed well, human-robot collaboration makes modern factories safer and far more (F) ________.

Additional Information

• Seamless (सहज/निर्बाध): Smooth and continuous, with no apparent gaps or spaces between one part and the next.
• Beneficial (लाभकारी/फायदेमंद): Resulting in good; favorable or advantageous.
• Constructive (रचनात्मक): Serving a useful purpose; tending to build up.
• Advantageous (लाभप्रद): Involving or creating favorable circumstances that increase the chances of success or effectiveness.

The correct answer is 'productive'.

Key Points

• The concluding sentence emphasizes the positive outcome when human-robot collaboration is well-managed: "makes modern factories safer and far more (F) ________."
• The adjective filling blank (F) is coordinated with "safer" by the conjunction "and", requiring a positive attribute related to efficiency, output, and success in manufacturing.
• "Productive" means achieving or producing a significant amount or result; yielding good or useful results, making "far more productive" the appropriate fit.
• Other options ("chaotic", "sluggish", "volatile", "fragile") carry negative connotations meaning disordered, slow/inactive, unstable, or easily broken, which contradicts the stated benefit under proper management.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Complete Passage: The introduction of collaborative robots, or cobots, is transforming modern assembly lines and manufacturing floors. Unlike traditional industrial machines that operate behind safety cages, cobots use advanced sensors to work safely alongside humans and (A) elevate production efficiency. This technological integration helps manufacturers (B) curb repetitive strain injuries while maintaining high precision in assembly tasks. By taking over monotonous and hazardous duties, automated systems free human workers to focus on quality control and complex troubleshooting. However, deploying automated hardware requires significant capital investment, leading small enterprises to (C) weigh large upfront expenditures carefully. Furthermore, factories must provide technical reskilling programs to ensure workers can (D) adapt to digital diagnostic interfaces. If workforce training is overlooked, operational transitions risk becoming disorderly and (E) counterproductive. When managed well, human-robot collaboration makes modern factories safer and far more (F) productive.

Additional Information

• Chaotic (अव्यवस्थित/अराजक): In a state of complete confusion and disorder.
• Sluggish (सुस्त/धीमा): Slow-moving or inactive.
• Volatile (परिवर्तनशील/अस्थिर): Liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse.
• Fragile (नाजुक/भंगुर): Easily broken or damaged.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Acquit means to officially declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge. It logically fits with the innocent party.
• Prosecute means to officially charge or bring legal proceedings against someone. It logically fits with the guilty defendant.
• Therefore, acquit (A) and prosecute (C) should be interchanged.
• After the interchange, the sentence becomes: "The attorney's goal was to prosecute the clearly guilty defendant, even though the evidence threatened to acquit the truly innocent party."
• This creates the appropriate relationship between the legal actions and the descriptions of the parties.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Acquit: To officially declare someone not guilty of a criminal offence. Example: The court acquitted the defendant due to insufficient evidence.
• Prosecute: To bring legal proceedings against someone for a criminal offence. Example: The state decided to prosecute the accused for fraud.
• Guilty: Responsible for committing an offence. Example: The jury found the defendant guilty.
• Innocent: Not guilty of an offence or wrongdoing. Example: The evidence proved that the accused was innocent.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Residential and commercial are adjectives, while appraise and renovate are verbs. The sentence requires verbs after "plans to" and "accurately".
• Appraise means to assess the value or condition of something. It should describe the investor's action toward the newly built units.
• Renovate means to repair or improve something. It should describe the investor's action toward the outdated complex.
• Therefore, residential (A) and renovate (D) should be interchanged, and appraise (B) and commercial (C) should be interchanged.
• The corrected sentence becomes: "The investor plans to renovate the outdated commercial complex and accurately appraise the newly built residential units."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Renovate: To repair, restore, or improve a building or structure. Example: The owners plan to renovate the old apartment building.
• Appraise: To assess the value or quality of something. Example: The expert was asked to appraise the property.
• Commercial: Related to business or trade. Example: The area contains several commercial buildings.
• Residential: Related to houses or places where people live. Example: The company developed a new residential complex.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Liquidate means to close down or sell off the assets of a business. It is generally more logical to liquidate an insolvent company rather than a profitable one.
• Acquire means to obtain or take ownership of a company or business. A profitable startup would be a more logical acquisition target than an insolvent one.
• Therefore, profitable (B) and insolvent (D) should be interchanged.
• The corrected sentence becomes: "The board voted to liquidate the insolvent startup, while deciding to acquire their own profitable subsidiaries."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Liquidate: To close a business and sell its assets, usually to settle debts. Example: The company was forced to liquidate after accumulating heavy losses.
• Acquire: To obtain or gain ownership of something, especially a company. Example: The corporation plans to acquire a smaller technology firm.
• Profitable: Producing a financial gain or profit. Example: The subsidiary has become highly profitable.
• Insolvent: Unable to pay debts when they become due. Example: The insolvent company was unable to meet its financial obligations.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Brittle is an adjective meaning easily broken or fragile. It cannot function as the verb after "to" in "to brittle the skeleton."
• Unearth is a verb meaning to dig up or discover something buried. It does not correctly modify the noun "skull" in the original sentence.
• Extract is a verb meaning to remove or take something out. It correctly fits the phrase "safely extract the skull."
• Therefore, brittle (A) and unearth (D) should be interchanged.
• The corrected sentence becomes: "Researchers worked for weeks to unearth the prehistoric skeleton, hoping to safely extract the brittle skull."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Unearth: To dig something out of the ground or discover something hidden. Example: Archaeologists unearthed an ancient temple.
• Prehistoric: Relating to the period before written historical records existed. Example: The museum displays prehistoric fossils.
• Extract: To remove or take something out. Example: The scientists extracted a fragment from the rock.
• Brittle: Easily broken, cracked, or shattered. Example: The ancient bone had become extremely brittle.

The correct answer is option B.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the meanings of the word "Sweet" in different contexts:

• Sweet - having the pleasant taste characteristic of sugar or honey. (मीठा)
• For Example: The tea is too sweet for my taste.
• Sweet - (of a sound) pleasing to the ear; melodious. (मधुर)
• For Example: The birds sang a sweet song in the morning.
• Sweet - (informal) pleasing or gratifying. (सुखद)
• For Example: It was a sweet victory for the underdog team.

Now, let's break down the sentences to analyze which of them use(s) the word "Sweet" correctly:

• A. The baker prepared a sweet cake for the birthday celebration.
• The word "sweet" is used correctly here. It describes the taste of the cake, which is expected to be sugary for a celebration.
• B. The musician's sweet melody calmed everyone in the room.
• The word "sweet" is used correctly here. It describes a melody that is pleasant and melodious to the ears.
• C. The engineer used a sweet calculation to determine the bridge's load capacity.
• The word "sweet" is used incorrectly here. Calculations are typically described as "precise," "accurate," "complex," or "rigorous." "Sweet" does not fit the technical or formal context of engineering calculations.
• So, out of the given sentences, only A and B use the word "sweet" correctly.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is option D.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the meanings of the word "Plate" in different contexts:

• Plate (Noun) - a flat dish, typically circular and made of china, from which food is eaten or served. (थाली)
• For Example: She served the pasta on a large ceramic plate.
• Plate (Noun) - a thin, flat sheet of metal or other material, typically one used as part of a machine or structure. (पट्टिका/प्लेट)
• For Example: The armor was made of steel plates.
• Plate (Noun) - in anatomy, a thin, flat structure or organ. (परत/पटल)

Now, let's break down the sentences to analyze which of them use(s) the word "Plate" correctly:

• A. She placed the freshly baked bread on a clean plate.
• The word "plate" is used correctly here. It refers to a flat dish used for serving food.
• B. The doctor asked the patient to undergo a plate examination to identify the infection.
• The word "plate" is used incorrectly here. In a medical context for identifying infections, a doctor would typically order a "blood" test, a "physical" examination, or perhaps a "culture" (which might use a Petri dish/plate, but the examination itself isn't called a "plate examination"). It is likely a confusion with "blood" or "X-ray".
• C. The mechanic replaced the damaged clutch plate of the vehicle.
• The word "plate" is used correctly here. A clutch plate is a specific mechanical component in a vehicle's transmission system.
• So, out of the given sentences, only A and C use the word "plate" correctly.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & C."

The correct answer is Option C.

Key Points

• The passage explicitly mentions the negative impacts of sleep deprivation on employee performance in the first paragraph.
• It states: "Even when employees remain physically present at work, tiredness can reduce their ability to respond quickly and maintain consistent performance."
• Other mentioned consequences include difficulty in concentrating, making decisions, and completing tasks efficiently, as well as reduced motivation and job satisfaction.
• Therefore, Option C directly aligns with the information provided in the text.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Sentence from Passage: "Even when employees remain physically present at work, tiredness can reduce their ability to respond quickly and maintain consistent performance."

Additional Information

• A: Increased ability to make decisions – Incorrect; the passage states sleepiness makes it harder to make decisions.
• B: Improved concentration during work – Incorrect; the passage states it is harder to concentrate.
• D: Greater satisfaction with their jobs – Incorrect; the passage suggests sleep deprivation may reduce job satisfaction.
• E: Increased motivation to complete tasks – Incorrect; the passage states sleep deprivation may reduce motivation.

The correct answer is Option E.

Key Points

• The question asks to identify the factor that is NOT mentioned in the passage as something that reduces the time available for proper rest.
• According to the second paragraph of the passage: "Long working hours, late-night messages, irregular schedules, and the pressure to meet deadlines can reduce the time available for proper rest."
• The passage explicitly lists four specific factors: long hours, late-night messages, irregular schedules, and deadline pressure.
• Regular exercise is not mentioned anywhere in the passage as a factor that reduces rest time; therefore, it is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Correct Option: "Regular exercise"

Additional Information

• A: Long working hours – This is explicitly mentioned in the passage as a factor reducing rest.
• B: Late-night messages – This is explicitly mentioned in the passage as a factor reducing rest.
• C: Irregular schedules – This is explicitly mentioned in the passage as a factor reducing rest.
• D: Pressure to meet deadlines – This is explicitly mentioned in the passage as a factor reducing rest.

The correct answer is Option D.

Key Points

• The passage explicitly mentions several practices that organizations can introduce to help employees manage their responsibilities more effectively.
• According to the second paragraph: "Clear working hours, reasonable workloads, limited after-hours communication, and flexible scheduling can help employees manage their responsibilities more effectively."
• Among the given options, Flexible scheduling is directly listed as a supportive practice.
• Options A, B, C, and E are contrary to the author's suggestions, as the author advocates for rest, limited communication, and reasonable workloads.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Correct Answer: Flexible scheduling

Additional Information

• A: "Remaining available after working hours" – The passage suggests the opposite: "limited after-hours communication."
• B: "Increasing their workload" – The passage suggests "reasonable workloads" to prevent exhaustion.
• C: "Avoiding breaks during the workday" – The passage states that "Short breaks during the workday may also help employees regain focus."
• E: "Working late every night" – The passage identifies "long working hours" as a factor that reduces time available for proper rest.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• A) Workplace practices can influence employees' ability to maintain a healthy sleep routine.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The text explicitly mentions that factors like long working hours, late-night messages, and irregular schedules can reduce the time available for rest. It also suggests that organisational practices like clear working hours and limited after-hours communication can support healthier routines.
• B) Constant availability of employees is presented as the best way to improve workplace productivity.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. In fact, the passage argues against this, stating that productivity should not depend on constant exhaustion and that organisations should move away from expecting employees to be available at all times.
• C) Addressing sleep deprivation requires efforts from both employees and employers.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The text provides specific strategies for both employers (e.g., flexible scheduling, reasonable workloads) and employees (e.g., regular sleep schedules, reducing screen time) and concludes that the problem is best addressed when both parties take practical steps.

Therefore, the correct answer is A and C.

Additional Information

• Only A: Incorrect because statement C is also a valid inference based on the text.
• Only B: Incorrect because the passage suggests that constant availability leads to exhaustion and decreased productivity, rather than being the "best way" to improve it.
• Only C: Incorrect because statement A is also a valid inference based on the text.
• All A, B, and C: Incorrect because statement B contradicts the central argument of the passage.

The correct answer is 'affect'.

Key Points

• The word "affect" means to have an effect on; make a difference to. (प्रभावित करना)
• In the context of the passage, sleep deprivation has a negative impact on an employee's motivation and job satisfaction.
• The other options: "enhance" (improve), "restore" (bring back), "establish" (set up), and "guarantee" (promise) do not fit the negative context of sleep deprivation.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: Over time, frequent sleep deprivation may also affect their motivation and satisfaction with their jobs.

Additional Information

• Enhance (बढ़ाना): To intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.
• Restore (बहाल करना): To bring back or re-establish a previous right, practice, or situation.
• Establish (स्थापित करना): To set up on a firm or permanent basis.
• Guarantee (गारंटी देना): To provide a formal assurance, especially that certain conditions will be fulfilled.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Statement A: Long working hours can reduce the time employees have available for proper rest.
• This statement is correct. The passage explicitly states in the second paragraph: "Long working hours... can reduce the time available for proper rest."
• Statement B: Carrying workplace concerns home can make it difficult for employees to mentally disconnect from their duties.
• This statement is correct. The passage mentions: "Some employees may carry their workplace concerns home, making it difficult to mentally disconnect from their duties."
• Statement C: The passage recommends that employees remain available to employers at all times.
• This statement is incorrect. The passage suggests the opposite, stating that "Instead of expecting employees to remain available at all times, organisations can introduce practices that support healthier routines," such as limited after-hours communication.
• Since both A and B are correct according to the text, the correct option is A and B.

Therefore, the correct answer is: A and B.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Statement A: A tired workforce may be more likely to make mistakes.
• This statement is correct. The passage explicitly states in the second paragraph: "A tired workforce may be less productive and more likely to make mistakes."
• Statement B: Short breaks during the workday may help employees regain focus.
• This statement is correct. The passage mentions in the second paragraph: "Short breaks during the workday may also help employees regain focus when daytime sleepiness becomes difficult to manage."
• Statement C: The passage suggests that productivity should depend on constant exhaustion.
• This statement is incorrect. The passage actually states the opposite in the third paragraph: "...employees and employers need to recognise that productivity should not depend on constant exhaustion."
• Hence, Statement C is the only incorrect statement based on the text.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Only C’.

The correct answer is: Option (2) i.e., Bring.

Key Points

• The word "Carry" in the context of the passage means to take or transport something from one place to another, specifically referring to employees taking their workplace concerns home. (ले जाना)
• Example: It is important not to carry your stress from the office into your personal life.
• "Bring" refers to the act of taking or carrying someone or something to a place or a person; it is the most suitable synonym for 'carry' in this context. (लाना)
• Example: Please bring your documents to the meeting tomorrow morning.
• Hence, we can infer that the word similar in meaning to 'Carry' is 'Bring'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Bring.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Abandon (छोड़ देना): To cease to support or look after someone; to leave a place or thing permanently.
• Example: The sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.
• Remove (हटाना): To take something away or off from the position it occupies.
• Example: Please remove your shoes before entering the house.
• Reject (अस्वीकार करना): To dismiss as inadequate, inappropriate, or not to one's taste.
• Example: The committee decided to reject the initial proposal due to budget constraints.
• Forget (भूलना): To fail to remember something or someone.
• Example: Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.

The correct answer is: Lack.

Key Points

• The word "deprivation" refers to the state of lacking or doing without something; the damaging lack of material benefits or necessities like sleep. (अभाव/कमी)
• Example: Sleep deprivation can lead to serious health issues and decreased productivity at work.
• "Lack" refers to the state of being without or not having enough of something. (कमी)
• Example: The project failed due to a lack of funding and resources.
• Hence, we can infer that the word similar in meaning to 'deprivation' is 'lack'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Lack.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Excess (अधिकता): An amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable.
• Example: An excess of sugar in your diet can lead to various health problems.
• Recovery (सुधार/वापसी): A return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength.
• Example: The doctor was pleased with the patient's rapid recovery after the surgery.
• Comfort (आराम): A state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint.
• Example: These new shoes provide great comfort during long walks.
• Improvement (सुधार): The process of making something better or the state of being better.
• Example: There has been a significant improvement in his grades this semester.

The correct answer is: Manageable.

Key Points

• The word "sustainable" means able to be maintained at a certain rate or level, or capable of being continued for a long time without causing damage or exhaustion. (सक्षम या टिकाऊ)
• Example: The company is looking for a sustainable business model that ensures long-term growth without burning out its staff.
• "Manageable" refers to something that is able to be controlled, dealt with, or maintained without difficulty; in the context of the passage, a sustainable workplace is one where the workload and expectations are manageable for the employees. (प्रबंधनीय)
• Example: By breaking the project into smaller tasks, the overall workload became much more manageable for the team.
• Hence, we can infer that the word similar in meaning to 'sustainable' in this context is 'manageable'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Manageable.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Temporary (अस्थायी): Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.
• Example: The office move is only temporary while the main building is being renovated.
• Unstable (अस्थिर): Prone to change, fail, or give way; not stable.
• Example: The political situation in the region remains unstable and unpredictable.
• Harmful (हानिकारक): Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.
• Example: Lack of sleep can have harmful effects on both physical and mental health.
• Exhausting (थका देने वाला): Making one feel very tired; very draining.
• Example: Working twelve hours a day without a break is absolutely exhausting.

Shortcut Trick

Time for A = 10 min; Time for B = 10 + 200% of 10 = 30 min.

Efficiency ratio A : B = 30 : 10 = 3 : 1.

Total Work = 10 × 3 = 30 units.

Work done in 5 min = 5 × (3 + 1) = 20 units.

Remaining work = 30 − 20 = 10 units.

Fraction empty = 10/30 = 1/3.

∴ The correct answer is 1/3.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by Pipe A = 10 minutes. Pipe B takes 200% more time than A.

Formula Used: Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time; Fraction remaining = (Total Work − Work Done) ÷ Total Work.

⇒ Time for B = 10 + (200/100 × 10) = 10 + 20 = 30 minutes.

⇒ Combined efficiency of (A + B) = 3 + 1 = 4 units/min.

⇒ Work filled in 5 minutes = 4 × 5 = 20 units.

⇒ Remaining part of the tank = 30 − 20 = 10 units.

⇒ Fraction of tank empty = 10/30 = 1/3.

∴ The correct answer is 1/3.

Additional Information

Percentage More Concept

If a value is x% more than A, the new value is A × (1 + x/100). Here, 200% more means 3 times the original value.

Pipes and Cisterns

If an inlet pipe fills in x hours and an outlet pipe empties in y hours, net work per hour = (1/x − 1/y).

Efficiency and Time

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. Ratio of time A:B = x:y → Ratio of efficiency A:B = y:x.

Shortcut Trick

Let initial Boat speed = 5x and Current speed = x.

New Boat speed = 5x × 120% = 6x.

New Downstream speed = 6x + x = 7x.

Given: 7x = 126 ÷ 6 = 21 km/h ⇒ x = 3.

Initial Boat speed = 5 × 3 = 15 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of Boat speed (B) to Current speed (C) = 5 : 1.

Let B = 5x and C = x.

Calculations:

⇒ New Boat speed (B') = 5x + 20% of 5x = 5x + x = 6x.

⇒ New Downstream speed = B' + C = 6x + x = 7x.

⇒ Downstream speed = Distance ÷ Time = 126 ÷ 6 = 21 km/h.

⇒ 7x = 21

⇒ x = 3 km/h.

⇒ Initial speed of boat in still water = 5x = 5 × 3 = 15 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Additional Information

Downstream and Upstream Speed

Downstream speed = Speed of boat + Speed of current. Upstream speed = Speed of boat − Speed of current.

Speed in Still Water

Speed of boat in still water = (Downstream speed + Upstream speed) ÷ 2.

Speed of Current

Speed of current = (Downstream speed − Upstream speed) ÷ 2.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Milk : Water = 100 : (100 − 75) = 100 : 25 = 4 : 1.

Let initial milk be 4x and water be x. Total = 5x.

After removing 10 L, remaining milk = 4x − 10 × (4/5) = 4x − 8.

Adding 3 L milk: (4x − 8) + 3 = 75 ⇒ 4x − 5 = 75 ⇒ 4x = 80.

∴ The correct answer is 80 litres.

Alternate Method

Given: Water is 75% less than milk. 10 L mixture removed. 3 L milk added. Final milk = 75 L.

Ratio Calculation:

⇒ Milk = 100 units, Water = 100 − 75 = 25 units.

⇒ Ratio Milk : Water = 4 : 1.

Step-by-step Calculation:

⇒ Let initial Milk = 4x and Water = x.

⇒ Milk removed from 10 L = 10 × [4 / (4+1)] = 10 × (4/5) = 8 litres.

⇒ Final Milk = Initial Milk − Milk removed + Milk added

⇒ 75 = 4x − 8 + 3

⇒ 75 = 4x − 5

⇒ 4x = 75 + 5 = 80

⇒ Initial Milk = 4x = 80 litres.

∴ The correct answer is 80 litres.

Additional Information

Mixture Removal Rule

When a portion of a mixture is removed, the ratio of the components in the remaining mixture remains the same as the initial ratio.

Percentage to Ratio Conversion

If A is K% less than B, then A = B × (100 − K)/100. In this case, Water = Milk × (100 − 75)/100 = Milk × 1/4.

Component Removal Formula

Quantity of component removed = (Total quantity removed) × (Component ratio / Sum of ratios).

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket,

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Given expression is,

{12.5 of (6 ÷ 3)} of {2 + (-1)}

⇒ {12.5 of (6 ÷ 3)} of {2 - 1} = {12.5 of (2)} of {1}

⇒ 25 of 1 = 25

Let ‘X’ be the required number. Then according to question,

⇒ 27 × X = 6075/15

$\Rightarrow {\rm{;X;}} = {\rm{;}}\frac{{\left( {\frac{{6075}}{{15}}} \right)}}{{27}}$

⇒ X = $\frac{{6075}}{{15 \times 27}}{\rm{;}}$

⇒ X = 15

Concept Used:

Calculation:

(560 ÷ 16) × (720 ÷ 96) = ?

⇒ 35 × 7.5 = ?

∴  ? = 262.5

Concept used:

Calculation:

Considering the following given question

[(140 ÷ 20) × 25 ÷ 7 × 250] ÷ 50 × 5 = ?

⇒ [(140 ÷ 20) × 25 ÷ 7 × 250] ÷ 50 × 5 = ?

⇒ [7 × 25 ÷ 7 × 250] ÷ 50 × 5 = ?

⇒ [25 × 250] ÷ 50 × 5 = ?

⇒ 6250 ÷ 50 × 5 = ?

⇒ 125 × 5 = ?

⇒ 625 = ?

∴ ? = 625

Concept used:

Calculation:

52% of 84% of 5/4 of 17000 =?

(52/100) × ( 84/100) × 5/4 × 17000 = ?

⇒ 26 × 21 × 17 = ?

By using the unit digit, we know, 2 must be the unit digit of the multiplication. So, option 5 will be the answer.

∴ The value of (?) is 9282

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1-Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first,

Step-2-Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3-Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4-Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Now, given expression:

⇒ √(7921) × 51 + 50% of 748 = (?)³

⇒ 89 × 51 + 0.5 × 748 = (?)³

⇒ 4539 + 374 = (?)³

⇒ 4913 = (?)³

⇒ ? = 4913^1/3

⇒ ? = 17

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1-Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first,

Step-2-Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3-Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4-Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Now the given expression:

$\begin{array}{l} 6\frac{5}{6} \times 5\frac{1}{3} + 10\frac{3}{5} \times 4\frac{1}{2} =\ ?\ \Rightarrow\ ? = \frac{{41}}{6} \times \frac{{16}}{3} + \frac{{53}}{5} \times \frac{9}{2}\ \Rightarrow\ ? = \frac{{41 \times 16 \times 5 + 53 \times 9 \times 9}}{{90}}\ \Rightarrow\ ? = \frac{{3280 + 4293}}{{90}} = \frac{{7573}}{{90}} = 84\frac{{13}}{{90}} \end{array}$

Given:

√625 × √400 ÷ 52 = ?

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

√625 × √400 ÷ 52 = ?

⇒ 25 × 20 ÷ 25

⇒ 20

∴ The value of ? will be 20.

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket,

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Given expression:

$\Rightarrow \frac{{125}}{{100}} \times 320 + \frac{x}{{100}} \times 125 = 4400$

$\Rightarrow \frac{5}{4} \times 320 + x \times \frac{5}{4} = 4400$

$\Rightarrow \frac{{5x}}{4} = 4400 - 400$

⇒ x = 3200

Follow these BODMAS rules to solve the question

Step-1∶ The part of the equation containing 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket,

Step-2∶ Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3∶ Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are solved

Step-4∶ At last, the part of the equation that contains 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be solved.

⇒ 25 × 625 ÷ 125 = 500 × 2² ÷ ?

⇒ 5² × 5⁴ ÷ 5³ = 5 × 100 × 2² ÷ ?

⇒ 5² × 5⁴ ÷ 5³ = 5 × 25 × 4 × 2² ÷ ?

⇒ 5² × 5⁴ ÷ 5³ = 5 × 5² × 2² × 2² ÷ ?

⇒ 5^{(2 + 4 – 3)} = 5^{(1 + 2)} × 2⁴ ÷ ?

⇒ 5³ = 5³ × 2⁴ ÷ ?

⇒ ? = 2⁴

⇒ ? = 16

Correct answer is: 3

Concept used:

The BODMAS rule should be followed to solve the question as per the given table:

Calculation:

110 + 1869 ÷ 21 + 53 - 72 = ? + √49

⇒ 110 + (1869/21) + 53 - 49 = ? + 7

⇒ 110 + 89 + 53 - 49 = ? + 7

⇒ 252 - 49 - 7 = ?

⇒ 252 - 56 = ?

⇒ ? = 196

∴The value of ? is 196

Follow BODMAS Rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1- Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, the BODMAS Rule must be followed,

Step-2- Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3-Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4-Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Given expression is,

⇒ 504 ÷ 18 × 25

⇒ 28 × 25

⇒ 700

Hence the answer is 700.

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Step-1-Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first,

Step-2-Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

Step-3-Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

Step-4-Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Now, the given expression,

26.5 × ? × 12.7 = 4307.84

⇒ 336.55 × ? = 4307.84

⇒ ? = 12.8

Shortcut Trick

Total Rate × Time = 5% × 8 = 40%.

Total Interest = 40% of X + 40% of (X + 50) = 1020.

40% of (2X + 50) = 1020 ⇒ 2X + 50 = 1020 ÷ 0.4 = 2550.

2X = 2500 ⇒ X = 1250.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1250.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal 1 (P₁) = ₹X, Principal 2 (P₂) = ₹(X + 50)

Rate (R) = 5%, Time (T) = 8 years, Total Interest = ₹1020

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ SI₁ + SI₂ = 1020

⇒ [(X × 5 × 8) ÷ 100] + [((X + 50) × 5 × 8) ÷ 100] = 1020

⇒ [40X ÷ 100] + [40(X + 50) ÷ 100] = 1020

⇒ 0.4X + 0.4X + 20 = 1020

⇒ 0.8X = 1020 − 20

⇒ 0.8X = 1000

⇒ X = 1000 ÷ 0.8 = 1250

∴ The correct answer is ₹1250.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Properties

Simple interest remains constant every year as it is always calculated on the original Principal amount.

Effective Rate of Interest

The total interest percentage over a period is the product of Rate and Time (R × T%).

Amount Formula

Total Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI) = P[1 + (R × T)/100].

Shortcut Trick

Present ages are in the ratio 3 : 4, while 10 years ago they were 5 : 7.

⇒ Difference in present ratio = 4 − 3 = 1

⇒ Difference in ratio 10 years ago = 7 − 5 = 2

For 10 years, the difference between the ratio parts changes by 1 part.

⇒ 1 part = 10 years

⇒ Present age of B = 4 × 20 = 80 years

∴ The present age of B is 80 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Present age ratio of A : B = 3 : 4

Age ratio 10 years ago = 5 : 7

Formula Used:

Present ages = 3k and 4k

Calculations:

⇒ 10 years ago, their ages = (3k − 10) and (4k − 10)

⇒ (3k − 10) : (4k − 10) = 5 : 7

⇒ 7(3k − 10) = 5(4k − 10)

⇒ 21k − 70 = 20k − 50

⇒ k = 20

⇒ B's present age = 4 × 20 = 80 years

∴ The present age of B is 80 years.

Required ratio = (360 + 420): (240 + 300) = 780: 540 = 13:9

Average no. of boys participating from Sunday to Wednesday = (240 + 360 + 300 + 420)/4 = 330

Number of boys participating on Thursday = 330 × 120% = 396

Boys not selected from Monday = 80% of 360 = 288

Boys not selected from Wednesday = 70% of 420 = 294

Total not selected = 288 + 294 = 582

Difference between the number of boys participating = 420 – 240 = 180

Required Percentage = (180/420) ×100 = 42.85%

New no. of boys participating on Tuesday = 300 × 140% = 420

New no. of boys participating on Monday = 360 × 80% = 288

Required ratio = 420:288 = 35:24

Shortcut Trick

Since A is common in both ratios and has the same value (4), we can combine them directly.

Ratio A : B : C = 4 : 5 : 6.

Sum of B + C = 5 + 6 = 11 units → 66. So, 1 unit = 6.

Sum of A + B = 4 + 5 = 9 units → 9 × 6 = 54.

∴ The correct answer is 54.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio A : B = 4 : 5

Ratio A : C = 4 : 6

Sum of B and C = 66

Calculations:

⇒ Since A is 4 in both ratios, A : B : C = 4 : 5 : 6

⇒ Let A = 4x, B = 5x, and C = 6x

⇒ B + C = 5x + 6x = 11x

⇒ 11x = 66

⇒ x = 66 ÷ 11 = 6

⇒ A + B = 4x + 5x = 9x

⇒ A + B = 9 × 6 = 54

∴ The correct answer is 54.

Additional Information

Combining Ratios

To combine ratios like A:B and B:C, make the common term (B) equal by multiplying the ratios by suitable constants.

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of a:b and c:d is (ac):(bd), found by multiplying the corresponding terms.

Proportion Rule

If a:b = c:d, then the product of extremes equals the product of means: a × d = b × c.

Shortcut Trick

Let Cost Price (CP) = 100x. Then Marked Price (MP) = 150x.

Selling Price (SP) = 150x − 360. Profit = SP − CP = 50x − 360.

Given: CP − Profit = 960 ⇒ 100x − (50x − 360) = 960.

50x + 360 = 960 ⇒ 50x = 600 ⇒ 100x = 1200.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1200.

Alternate Method

Given: Markup = 50%, Discount = ₹360, CP − Profit = ₹960.

Formula: Profit = SP − CP; SP = MP − Discount.

⇒ Let Cost Price (CP) = C.

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 1.5C.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 1.5C − 360.

⇒ Profit (P) = (1.5C − 360) − C = 0.5C − 360.

⇒ According to the question: C − (0.5C − 360) = 960.

⇒ 0.5C + 360 = 960.

⇒ 0.5C = 600.

⇒ C = 600 ÷ 0.5 = 1200.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1200.

Additional Information

Marked Price and Discount

Marked Price is the price listed on the product. Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%)/100.

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit = SP − CP. Profit percentage is always calculated on the Cost Price: Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100.

Markup Percentage

Markup is the extra amount added to the CP to fix the MP. Markup% = [(MP − CP)/CP] × 100.

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = (Capital_A × Time_A) : (Capital_B × Time_B)

A's effective investment = (X × 4) + (0.5X × 8) = 4X + 4X = 8X

B's effective investment = 2500 × 12 = 30000

Ratio 8X : 30000 = 4 : 3 ⇒ 2X : 7500 = 4 : 3 ⇒ X = 5000

∴ The correct answer is ₹5000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Investment of A = ₹X for 4 months, then 0.5X for 8 months.

Investment of B = ₹2500 for 12 months.

Profit Ratio A : B = 4 : 3.

Calculations:

⇒ Total investment of A = (X × 4) + (X/2 × 8) = 4X + 4X = 8X

⇒ Total investment of B = 2500 × 12 = 30000

⇒ Ratio of Profits = 8X / 30000 = 4 / 3

⇒ 8X × 3 = 30000 × 4

⇒ 24X = 120000

⇒ X = 120000 ÷ 24

⇒ X = 5000

∴ The correct answer is ₹5000.

Additional Information

Partnership Profit Sharing Rule

The profit shared between partners is directly proportional to the product of their capital and the time period for which the capital is invested: P₁ : P₂ = C₁T₁ : C₂T₂.

Variable Investment

If a partner changes their investment during the period, the total investment is calculated as the sum of (Amount × Duration) for each interval.

Active vs Sleeping Partner

An active partner may receive an additional commission or salary from the profit before the remaining profit is divided according to the investment ratio.

Shortcut Trick

Groceries = 10% of 45,000 = ₹4,500

Rent = 20% of 45,000 = ₹9,000

Savings = 45,000 − (4,500 + 9,000 + 3,500) = ₹28,000

Difference = Savings − Groceries = 28,000 − 4,500 = ₹23,500

∴ The correct answer is ₹23,500.

Alternate Method

Given:

Monthly Income = ₹45,000

Groceries = 10% | Rent = 20% | Others = ₹3,500

Calculations:

⇒ Expenditure on Groceries = 10/100 × 45,000 = ₹4,500

⇒ Expenditure on Rent = 20/100 × 45,000 = ₹9,000

⇒ Total Expenditure = 4,500 + 9,000 + 3,500 = ₹17,000

⇒ Monthly Savings = Total Income − Total Expenditure

⇒ Monthly Savings = 45,000 − 17,000 = ₹28,000

⇒ Required Difference = Savings − Groceries

⇒ Difference = 28,000 − 4,500 = ₹23,500

∴ The correct answer is ₹23,500.

Additional Information

Income and Expenditure Formula

Income = Expenditure + Savings. This fundamental identity is used to calculate any one missing component when the other two are known.

Percentage Calculation

To find x% of a value Y, use the formula: (x ÷ 100) × Y. For quick calculations, 10% is simply the value divided by 10.

Successive Percentage vs. Flat Percentage

If percentages are of the 'remaining' amount, use the multiplying factor method. If they are of the 'total' income, simply add the percentages together.

Cricket players in B and C together = 300 + 360 = 660

Football players in A and D together = 180 + 320 = 500

Percentage increase = {660 – 500}/500 x 100) = 32%

Total Hockey players = 120 + 160 + 200 + 240 = 720

Required Average = 720 ÷ 4 = 180

Cricket players in College A = 240

Football players in College D = 320

Required ratio = 240:320 = 3:4

Cricket players in College C = 360

No of players participated in competition = 20% of 360 = 72

Football players in College C = 280

No of players participated in competition = 25% of 280 = 70

Total participants = 72 + 70 = 142

Cricket + Hockey players in College B = 300 + 160 = 460

Football + Hockey players in College A = 180 + 120 = 300

Required difference = 460 – 300 = 160

Shortcut Trick

Effective rate for 2 years at 10% = 10 + 10 + (10 × 10)/100 = 21%

Effective rate for 3 years at 10% = 33.1%

Total Interest % = 21% + 33.1% = 54.1% of Principal

Total Interest = 54.1% × 20,000 = 54.1 × 200 = ₹10,820

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,820.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹20,000, Rate (R) = 10%

Formula Used: CI = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ − 1]

⇒ CI₁ = 20,000 × [(1 + 10/100)² − 1]

⇒ CI₁ = 20,000 × [1.21 − 1] = 20,000 × 0.21 = ₹4,200

⇒ CI₂ = 20,000 × [(1 + 10/100)³ − 1]

⇒ CI₂ = 20,000 × [1.331 − 1] = 20,000 × 0.331 = ₹6,620

⇒ Total CI = 4,200 + 6,620 = ₹10,820

∴ The correct answer is ₹10,820.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Rule

For two years, the effective rate of interest is calculated as x + y + (xy/100).

Compound Interest vs Simple Interest

Difference for 2 years = P(R/100)². Difference for 3 years = P(R/100)² × (3 + R/100).

Amount Formula

Total Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ, where n is the number of years.

Shortcut Trick

Car's speed = 480 ÷ 8 = 60 km/h

⇒ Bike's distance = 480 − 60 = 420 km

⇒ Bike's speed = 420 ÷ 6 = 70 km/h

⇒ Required ratio = 60 : 70 = 6 : 7

∴ The respective ratio of the speed of the car to the bike is 6 : 7.

Alternate Method

Given:

Car: Distance = 480 km, Time = 8 hours

Bike: Time = 6 hours, Distance = 60 km less than car

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Car's speed = 480 ÷ 8 = 60 km/h

⇒ Bike's distance = 480 − 60 = 420 km

⇒ Bike's speed = 420 ÷ 6 = 70 km/h

⇒ Car : Bike = 60 : 70

⇒ = 6 : 7

∴ The respective ratio of the speed of the car to the bike is 6 : 7.

Shortcut Trick

Let Base = 5x and Height = 4x.

Area = 1/2 × 5x × 4x = 10x² = 80 cm².

⇒ x² = 8 ⇒ x = √8.

Base = 5√8 cm = Side of Square.

Area of Square = (5√8)² = 25 × 8 = 200 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 200 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Area of Triangle = 80 cm²

Ratio of Base : Height = 5 : 4

Formula Used:

Area of Triangle = 1/2 × Base × Height

Area of Square = (Side)²

Calculations:

⇒ Let Base = 5x and Height = 4x

⇒ 1/2 × 5x × 4x = 80

⇒ 10x² = 80

⇒ x² = 8

⇒ x = √8

⇒ Base of triangle = 5 × √8 = 5√8 cm

⇒ Side of square = Base of triangle = 5√8 cm

⇒ Area of square = (5√8)²

⇒ Area of square = 25 × 8 = 200 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 200 cm².

Additional Information

Area of Triangle

The general formula is 1/2 × base × height. For an equilateral triangle, Area = (√3/4) × side².

Square Properties

Area = side² or 1/2 × diagonal². Perimeter = 4 × side.

Heron's Formula

Used when all three sides (a, b, c) are known: Area = √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)], where s = (a+b+c)/2.

1. M sits third to the left of P, who sits in front of G.
2. H sits immediate right of G.
3. O sits adjacent to P.

4. I sits immediate left of J but not adjacent to M.
5. K sits to the left of I.
6. One person sits between N and O.
7. O is not in front of J. So, case 2 is rejected.

M sits opposite to K.

Hence, M is the correct answer.

1. M sits third to the left of P, who sits in front of G.
2. H sits immediate right of G.
3. O sits adjacent to P.

4. I sits immediate left of J but not adjacent to M.
5. K sits to the left of I.
6. One person sits between N and O.
7. O is not in front of J. So, case 2 is rejected.

Four persons sit to the left of O.

Hence, Four is the correct answer.

1. M sits third to the left of P, who sits in front of G.
2. H sits immediate right of G.
3. O sits adjacent to P.

4. I sits immediate left of J but not adjacent to M.
5. K sits to the left of I.
6. One person sits between N and O.
7. O is not in front of J. So, case 2 is rejected.

G sits immediate right of J.

Hence, G is the correct answer.

1. M sits third to the left of P, who sits in front of G.
2. H sits immediate right of G.
3. O sits adjacent to P.

4. I sits immediate left of J but not adjacent to M.
5. K sits to the left of I.
6. One person sits between N and O.
7. O is not in front of J. So, case 2 is rejected.

N sits second to the left of O.

Hence, N is the correct answer.

1. M sits third to the left of P, who sits in front of G.
2. H sits immediate right of G.
3. O sits adjacent to P.

4. I sits immediate left of J but not adjacent to M.
5. K sits to the left of I.
6. One person sits between N and O.
7. O is not in front of J. So, case 2 is rejected.

O sits opposite to H.

Hence, O is the correct answer.

Let us draw the diagram according to the information given in the question,

PU = QR + ST 

= 30 km + 20 km

= 50 km

Hence, 50 km is the distance between starting and ending point.

Let us draw the diagram according to the information given in the question,

Here, the first point is to the northwest of the second point and thus form a group whereas in RP this pattern is not followed.

1. SU → S is in north west of U.

2) RP → R is in north east of P.

3. QT → Q is in north west of T.

4. RT → R is in north west of T.

5. QU → Q is in north west of U

Hence, RP does not belong to that group.

Let us draw the diagram according to the information given in the question,

By using the Pythagorean Theorem,

QS = $\sqrt{(QR)^2 + (RS)^2}$

QS = $\sqrt{(30)^2 + (40)^2}$

QS = $\sqrt{2500}$

QS = 50 km

Hence, 50 km is the Shortest distance between Q and S.

Given statements: F = G < H < J ≤ K > L; O ≥ F; K ≥ C

On combining: O ≥ F = G < H < J ≤ K > L; K ≥ C

Conclusions:

I. H > C → False (as H < J ≤ K ≥ C → clear relation between H and C cannot be determined)

II. L > G → False (as L < K ≥ J > H > G → clear relation between L and G cannot be determined)

Hence, the correct answer is ‘None is True’.

Given Statements: A > B > C, D ≤ E < C, D ≥ F

On combining:  A > B > C > E ≥ D ≥ F

Conclusions:

I. B > D → True (as B > C > E ≥ D →B > D)

II. F ≤ E → True (as E ≥ D ≥ F → E ≥ F)

Hence, both I and II are true.

Given Statements: X < C, W > D, G ≥ W, C = D

On combining: X < C = D < W ≤ G

Conclusions:

I. C ≤ G → False (as C = D < W ≤ G → C < G)

II. W > X → True (as X < C = D < W → X < W)

Hence, only II is true.

Given statements: P > Q < R; P = X < Y < Z

On combining: P = X > Q < R; P = X < Y < Z

Conclusions:

I. X > Q → True (as P = X > Q)

II. P < Z → True (as P = X < Y < Z → P < Z)

Hence, both conclusions I and II are true.

Given:

A certain number of persons are sitting in a row facing north. 

Now,

1) E sits sixth from one of the end.

2) Seven persons sit between E and A, who sits fourth from an end.

The possibilities are -

3) A sits third to the left of B.

4) Five persons sit between F and B.

The possibilities are -

5) F sits second to the left of G, who sits third from an end. This is not possible in Case I so it gets elimiated.

6) One person sits between G and H. There are not for than four person between A and H.

7) C sits to the right of E but not to the immediate right.

8) D sits third to the right of C. This is not possible in Case II (b) so it gets eliminated.

The final arrangement is -

13 persons are sitting between G and D.

Hence, the correct answer is 13.

Given:

A certain number of persons are sitting in a row facing north. 

Now,

1) E sits sixth from one of the end.

2) Seven persons sit between E and A, who sits fourth from an end.

The possibilities are -

3) A sits third to the left of B.

4) Five persons sit between F and B.

The possibilities are -

5) F sits second to the left of G, who sits third from an end. This is not possible in Case I so it gets elimiated.

6) One person sits between G and H. There are not for than four person between A and H.

7) C sits to the right of E but not to the immediate right.

8) D sits third to the right of C. This is not possible in Case II (b) so it gets eliminated.

The final arrangement is -

F is third to the left of A.

Hence, the correct answer is Third to the left.

Given:

A certain number of persons are sitting in a row facing north. 

Now,

1) E sits sixth from one of the end.

2) Seven persons sit between E and A, who sits fourth from an end.

The possibilities are -

3) A sits third to the left of B.

4) Five persons sit between F and B.

The possibilities are -

5) F sits second to the left of G, who sits third from an end. This is not possible in Case I so it gets elimiated.

6) One person sits between G and H. There are not for than four person between A and H.

7) C sits to the right of E but not to the immediate right.

8) D sits third to the right of C. This is not possible in Case II (b) so it gets eliminated.

The final arrangement is -

As many persons sitting to the right of C as to the left of A.

Hence, the correct answer is A.

Given word: FURNISHED

The given word can be represented as follows:

Thus, there is one pair à Backward: DE

Hence, One is the correct answer.

Persons: E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L 

I. E lives on an even-numbered floor below floor 6. 

II. Three people live between E and F. 

III. The number of people who live above F is equal to the number of people who live below G.

Now we have two cases

IV. Three people live between G and H. 

V. J lives immediately above the floor on which H lives. 

VI. J lives on one of the floors above K but below L. 

VII. K does not live on the even floor.

Hence, H lives immediately above E.

Persons: E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L 

I. E lives on an even-numbered floor below floor 6. 

II. Three people live between E and F. 

III. The number of people who live above F is equal to the number of people who live below G.

Now we have two cases

IV. Three people live between G and H. 

V. J lives immediately above the floor on which H lives. 

VI. J lives on one of the floors above K but below L. 

VII. K does not live on the even floor.

Hence, L lives exactly between F and J.

Persons: E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L 

I. E lives on an even-numbered floor below floor 6. 

II. Three people live between E and F. 

III. The number of people who live above F is equal to the number of people who live below G.

Now we have two cases

IV. Three people live between G and H. 

V. J lives immediately above the floor on which H lives. 

VI. J lives on one of the floors above K but below L. 

VII. K does not live on the even floor.

Hence, K lives on the 3rd floor.

Persons: E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L 

I. E lives on an even-numbered floor below floor 6. 

II. Three people live between E and F. 

III. The number of people who live above F is equal to the number of people who live below G.

Now we have two cases

IV. Three people live between G and H. 

V. J lives immediately above the floor on which H lives. 

VI. J lives on one of the floors above K but below L. 

VII. K does not live on the even floor.

Hence, L lives on the topmost floor is not correct.

Persons: E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L 

I. E lives on an even-numbered floor below floor 6. 

II. Three people live between E and F. 

III. The number of people who live above F is equal to the number of people who live below G.

Now we have two cases

IV. Three people live between G and H. 

V. J lives immediately above the floor on which H lives. 

VI. J lives on one of the floors above K but below L. 

VII. K does not live on the even floor.

F, J, E, and I live on the even-number floors that’s why form a group. And K lives on the odd-numbered floor.

Hence, K is the odd one.

The position will be as follow:

Thus, ‘0’ letters will be in same position.

Given Series

M ! 2 T 4 E @ Q 1 W R $ 6 O ^ P U * J 7 S % D 8 F ? 9 A V + B > 3 Z N L

The element which is seventh to the right of 20th from the right end is

20th from the right is U.

seventh from the right of the 20th element is 8.

8 is the correct answer.

Given Series:

M ! 2 T 4 E @ Q 1 W R $ 6 O ^ P U * J 7 S % D 8 F ? 9 A V + B > 3 Z N L

The consonants are immediately followed by the number in the series is, 

T4, Q1, J7, and D8

Four is the correct answer.

Given Series:

M ! 2 T 4 E @ Q 1 W R $ 6 O ^ P U * J 7 S % D 8 F ? 9 A V + B > 3 Z N L

Three elements are between first and second element except E$. 

E$ is the correct answer.

Given Series:

M ! 2 T 4 E @ Q 1 W R $ 6 O ^ P U * J 7 S % D 8 F ? 9 A V + B > 3 Z N L

After numbers and symbols are dropped then the series is, 

M T E Q W R O P U J S D F A V B Z N L

The element which is tenth from the right end is J.

J is the correct answer.

Given Series:

M ! 2 T 4 E @ Q 1 W R $ 6 O ^ P U * J 7 S % D 8 F ? 9 A V + B > 3 Z N L

After numbers are arranged from the right end in ascending order and the position of the rest elements remain the same then the series is,

M ! T E @ Q W R $ O ^ P U * J S % D F ? A V + B > Z N L 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1

The element that will be placed 20th from the right end is  %.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. Only a few cups are steels → False (All cups are steel is possible.)

II. No cup is steel → False (Some Cups are Glasses and All Glasses are Steel, Hence Some Cups are definitely Steel.)

Thus, Neither I nor II follows.

Mistake Points Only a few mean some +some not so some cups are steel is given but some cups are not steel is not a  definite statement therefore conclusion 1 is false.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. Some mirrors being black is a possibility → False Possibility is false because all mirrors are white and no white is black.)

II. At least some white are mirrors → True (This is definitely true because all mirrors are white.)

Thus, Only II follows.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. At least some pencils are not cutter → True (This is definitely true because some pens are pencils and no penis cutter. Therefore, the pencils which are pens can never be a cutter.)

II. There is a possibility that some pens are erasers → True (Possibility is true as shown below.)

Thus, Both I & II follows.

7 Persons: P, Q, R, S, T, U and V

1. Two people are sitting between R and U.
2. Two people are sitting between vacant seat and U. R is not sitting immediate to vacant seat.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3. Two people are sitting between P and vacant seat.
4. Q is not an immediate neighbor of R and U.

Case 1

Case 2

5. V sits second to the right of S.
6. T is not sitting immediate left of vacant seat. (Hence, case 2 is eliminated)

Hence, Q is sitting opposite to P.

7 Persons: P, Q, R, S, T, U and V

1. Two people are sitting between R and U.
2. Two people are sitting between vacant seat and U. R is not sitting immediate to vacant seat.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3. Two people are sitting between P and vacant seat.
4. Q is not an immediate neighbor of R and U.

Case 1

Case 2

5. V sits second to the right of S.
6. T is not sitting immediate left of vacant seat. (Hence, case 2 is eliminated)

Hence, T is sitting fifth to the right of S.

7 Persons: P, Q, R, S, T, U and V

1. Two people are sitting between R and U.
2. Two people are sitting between vacant seat and U. R is not sitting immediate to vacant seat.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3. Two people are sitting between P and vacant seat.
4. Q is not an immediate neighbor of R and U.

Case 1

Case 2

5. V sits second to the right of S.
6. T is not sitting immediate left of vacant seat. (Hence, case 2 is eliminated)

Hence, P sits second to the right of T is correct.

7 Persons: P, Q, R, S, T, U and V

1. Two people are sitting between R and U.
2. Two people are sitting between vacant seat and U. R is not sitting immediate to vacant seat.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3. Two people are sitting between P and vacant seat.
4. Q is not an immediate neighbor of R and U.

Case 1

Case 2

5. V sits second to the right of S.
6. T is not sitting immediate left of vacant seat. (Hence, case 2 is eliminated)

Hence, V sits second to the left of vacant seat.

7 Persons: P, Q, R, S, T, U and V

1. Two people are sitting between R and U.
2. Two people are sitting between vacant seat and U. R is not sitting immediate to vacant seat.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3. Two people are sitting between P and vacant seat.
4. Q is not an immediate neighbor of R and U.

Case 1

Case 2

5. V sits second to the right of S.
6. T is not sitting immediate left of vacant seat. (Hence, case 2 is eliminated)

Hence, U sits third to the right of R.