SBI Clerk Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 21 September 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• To determine the first sentence, we identify the independent introductory statement that establishes the broad theme without depending on demonstrative pronouns, transitional adverbs, or remedial proposals:
• Sentence A is the FIRST sentence: Serves as the independent overarching topic sentence, introducing Japan's iconic cherry blossoms and their centuries-old cultural significance as a cherished herald of spring renewal.
• "For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal."
• Sentence C (2nd): Connects directly to the historical tradition described in sentence A via the demonstrative phrase "This historical predictability," explaining how rising regional temperatures have caused buds to open weeks ahead of schedule.
• "This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule."
• Sentence E (3rd): Corroborates this environmental shift with empirical data, noting that detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar in recent decades.
• "In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar."
• Sentence B (4th): Highlights the practical fallout using the cause-and-effect marker "Consequently," explaining how local festival organizers struggle to align traditional celebrations with these irregular bloom dates.
• "Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates."
• Sentence D (5th): Serves as the logical concluding technical solution, proposing that systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops.
• "Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."
• The complete sequence is A - C - E - B - D, making A the FIRST sentence.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal. This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule. In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar. Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates. Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• To determine the second sentence, we trace the direct link from the long-standing tradition established in the opening sentence to the change disrupting it:
• Sentence A (1st): Serves as the independent overarching topic sentence, introducing Japan's cherry blossoms and their centuries-old role as a reliable herald of spring renewal.
• "For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal."
• Sentence C is the SECOND sentence: Connects directly to the temporal regularity implied in sentence A via the demonstrative phrase "This historical predictability," explaining how rising regional temperatures have caused buds to open weeks ahead of schedule.
• "This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule."
• Sentence E (3rd): Reinforces this shift with scientific evidence, noting that detailed botanical records in recent decades reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar.
• "In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar."
• Sentence B (4th): Outlines the cultural and logistical disruption via the transition marker "Consequently," stating that local festival organizers struggle to align traditional celebrations with these irregular bloom dates.
• "Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates."
• Sentence D (5th): Concludes with an actionable horticultural solution, suggesting that systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops.
• "Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."
• The complete sequence is A - C - E - B - D, making C the SECOND sentence.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal. This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule. In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar. Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates. Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• To determine the third and fourth sentences, we examine the logical flow connecting historical tradition, climate disruption, botanical evidence, community impact, and horticultural mitigation:
• Sentence A (1st): Serves as the independent overarching topic sentence, introducing Japan's centuries-old cherry blossom tradition as a herald of spring renewal.
• "For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal."
• Sentence C (2nd): Directly follows sentence A via the demonstrative reference "This historical predictability," explaining how rising temperatures prompt buds to open weeks early.
• "This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule."
• Sentence E is the THIRD sentence: Substantiates the altered blooming timeline with empirical evidence, noting that recent botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar.
• "In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar."
• Sentence B is the FOURTH sentence: Connects to the erratic bloom calendar through the cause-and-effect marker "Consequently," explaining that local festival organizers struggle to align celebrations with these irregular bloom dates.
• "Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates."
• Sentence D (5th): Serves as the logical concluding technical solution, proposing that systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops.
• "Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."
• The complete sequence is A - C - E - B - D, making E - B the correct pair for the THIRD and FOURTH sentences.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal. This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule. In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar. Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates. Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• To establish the correct sequence of all five sentences:
• Sentence A (1st): Serves as the independent overarching topic sentence, establishing Japan's centuries-old cherry blossom tradition as a cherished herald of spring renewal.
• "For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal."
• Sentence C (2nd): Directly follows sentence A via the demonstrative reference "This historical predictability," explaining how rising temperatures cause buds to open weeks ahead of schedule.
• "This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule."
• Sentence E (3rd): Substantiates this temperature-driven shift with empirical evidence, noting that detailed botanical records in recent decades reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar.
• "In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar."
• Sentence B (4th): Connects directly to the accelerated and shifted calendar via the transition marker "Consequently," explaining that local festival organizers struggle to align traditional celebrations with these irregular bloom dates.
• "Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates."
• Sentence D (5th): Serves as the logical concluding technical remedy, proposing that systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops.
• "Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."
• Therefore, the correct full sequence is A C E B D.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal. This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule. In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar. Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates. Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• To determine the last sentence, we trace the full narrative flow from centuries of cultural tradition, climate-induced disruption, botanical records, and festival planning challenges to the final protective solution:
• Sentence A (1st): Serves as the independent overarching topic sentence, establishing Japan's cherry blossom season as a cherished herald of spring renewal.
• "For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal."
• Sentence C (2nd): Directly follows sentence A via the demonstrative phrase "This historical predictability," explaining how rising temperatures prompt buds to open weeks early.
• "This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule."
• Sentence E (3rd): Corroborates the shift with empirical data, noting that recent botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar.
• "In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar."
• Sentence B (4th): Connects via the cause-and-effect transition "Consequently," detailing how local festival organizers struggle to align traditional celebrations with these irregular bloom dates.
• "Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates."
• Sentence D is the LAST sentence: Serves as the logical concluding technical remedy, proposing that systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops.
• "Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."
• The complete sequence is A - C - E - B - D, making D the LAST sentence.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"For centuries, Japan's iconic cherry blossoms have served as a cherished herald of spring renewal. This historical predictability has eroded as rising regional temperatures prompt buds to open weeks ahead of schedule. In recent decades, detailed botanical records reveal an unprecedented acceleration in the annual flowering calendar. Consequently, local festival organizers struggle to align traditional spring celebrations with these irregular bloom dates. Systematic urban climate monitoring can assist horticulturists in protecting delicate ornamental trees from sudden temperature drops."

The correct answer is 'E' i.e. No error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, no improvement is required in any of the parts or there is no error in the sentence.
• The given statement in the sentence is a negative statement.
• The use of the negative word 'seldom' which means not often; rarely, indicates the statement is a negative statement.
• A few negative words are: Scarcely, hardly, rarely, barely, seldom, no, nothing, neither, few, none, etc.
• Example: You seldom go to the beach, do you?
• When the statement is negative, we use a positive question tag.
• She is not a girl, is she?
• And, if the statement is positive, we use a negative question tag.
• She is a girl, isn't she?
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

Correct Sentence: She seldom smokes, does she?

The correct answer is 'B' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the singular form of the verb 'has' is incorrect.
• Two or more nouns (here, Rohit and Virat) joined by 'and' usually form a plural compound subject, which takes a plural verb.
• Example: Rakesh and Seema are going on holiday.
• The plural form of the verb 'have' should be used with the plural compound subject (Rohit and Virat).
• Therefore, the plural form of the verb 'have' should be used in place of the singular form of the verb 'has'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: Rohit and Virat have played very well in the recent match.

Additional Information

• Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular or plural).
• Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if the subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the noun 'car' is not a specified noun.
• The noun 'car' is not a particular or specific car.
• 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles, which means that they refer to, or introduce, an unspecified noun.
• We use 'a' before a consonant sound and we use 'an' before a vowel sound (here, expensive).
• The definite article 'the' is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
• ''No article'' is used when we refer to general ideas, plurals, or uncountable nouns.
• Therefore, the indefinite article 'an' should be used in place of the indefinite article 'a'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct Sentence: He spent all his savings on an expensive car.

Additional Information

There are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the fourth part of the given sentence, the use of the negative question tag "isn't he" is incorrect.
• The given statement in the sentence is a negative statement (not singing).
• When the statement is negative, we use a positive question tag.
• He is not a boy, is he?
• And, if the statement is positive, we use a negative question tag.
• He is a boy, isn't he?
• Therefore, the positive question tag "is he" should be used in place of the negative question tag "isn't he".
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct Sentence: The boy is not singing a song, is he?

The correct answer is 'B' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the use of the adverb 'further' is incorrect.
• The adverb 'further' means more; to a greater degree.
• Example: Can we talk further on the issue?
• The given sentence is talking about the comparison between the distance of the school and the distance of the college from the city.
• Therefore, the adverb 'farther' should be used in place of the adverb 'further'.
• The adverb 'farther' is used to indicate the extent to which one thing is distant from another.
• Example: The venue is farther than we imagined.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Sentence: The school is farther than the college from this city.

The correct answer is A-R.

Key Points

Let us look at the sentence combinations:

• Phrase A of column 1 should be matched with the phrase R of column 2 to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
• "It involves a universal biochemical response as well as a high individual emotional response".
• ​​​​Phrase A cannot be used with either phrase P and phrase Q because it would not make a meaningful sentence.
• It involves a universal biochemical response think you are walking on the road and
• It involves a universal biochemical response you heard a loud and noisy horn of a vehicle.

The correct answer is A-P.

Key Points

Let us look at the sentence combinations:

• Phrase A of column 1 should be matched with the phrase P of column 2 to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
• "Ms Rema was born the second of the three children of K.K. Madhavan".
• ​​​​Phrase A cannot be used with either phrase Q and phrase R because it would not make a meaningful sentence.
• Ms Rema was born the second of after he won from Nandigram in 2016.
• Ms Rema was born the second of he held the portfolios of irrigation.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• He set up an extensive training program for them.
• This is the correct answer. The passage states that Mr. Weller set up an extensive training program for the local workers to improve their skills and help make the railway more efficient.
• He gave them a very long holiday.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not mention giving the workers a long holiday.
• He fired all of them immediately.
• This is incorrect. Mr. Weller trained the local workers rather than firing them all.
• He told them to work without any pay.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not state that the workers were asked to work without pay.
• He asked them to build new tracks by hand.
• This is incorrect. Although the tracks were severely damaged, the passage does not say that the workers were asked to rebuild them by hand.

Therefore, the correct answer is He set up an extensive training program for them.

Additional Information

• He gave them a very long holiday: No such action is mentioned in the passage.
• He fired all of them immediately: He instead invested in training the local workers.
• He told them to work without any pay: The passage provides no information about unpaid work.
• He asked them to build new tracks by hand: This specific method of repairing the tracks is not mentioned.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• They aimed to turn a failing railway into a profitable business.
• This is the correct answer. The passage states that Mr. Weller believed the failing railway could become highly profitable through hard work, disciplined training, and better technology. The American company also invested millions of dollars in the project.
• They wanted to shut down the railway completely.
• This is incorrect. The company invested heavily in improving the railway rather than shutting it down.
• They wanted to sell American cars to the local citizens.
• This is incorrect. The passage focuses on operating and improving the railway, not selling cars.
• They hoped to keep the old broken engines forever.
• This is incorrect. Mr. Weller invested heavily in repairing the old engines to improve railway operations.
• They intended to give the railway back to the local government.
• This is incorrect. The passage indicates that the private American company wanted to operate the railway successfully and profitably.

Therefore, the correct answer is They aimed to turn a failing railway into a profitable business.

Additional Information

• They wanted to shut down the railway completely: The company supported efforts to improve the railway and make it profitable.
• They wanted to sell American cars to the local citizens: No such business goal is mentioned in the passage.
• They hoped to keep the old broken engines forever: The old engines were repaired to improve railway efficiency.
• They intended to give the railway back to the local government: The company was operating the railway as a private business.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• The trains were almost always late.
• This is the correct answer. The passage states that the ancient trains in Oakhaven were almost always late, making this one of the major operational problems Mr. Weller had to solve.
• The trains moved much too quickly.
• This is incorrect. The passage says the trains were almost always late, not that they moved too quickly.
• There were far too many workers.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not identify an excessive number of workers as a major problem.
• The train tickets were entirely free.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not mention free train tickets as a problem.
• The railway tracks were made of gold.
• This is incorrect. The passage states that the railway tracks were severely damaged, not made of gold.

Therefore, the correct answer is The trains were almost always late.

Additional Information

• The trains moved much too quickly: The trains were actually almost always late.
• There were far too many workers: The passage does not mention too many workers as a problem.
• The train tickets were entirely free: Ticket prices are not discussed in the passage.
• The railway tracks were made of gold: The tracks were severely damaged and required repairs.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• To manage the trains for a private American company.
• This is the correct answer. Mr. Weller accepted an offer to become the CEO of Trans-Global Iron, a private American company, and travelled to Oakhaven to manage its struggling railway network.
• To take a long relaxing vacation.
• This is incorrect. Mr. Weller travelled to Oakhaven for a professional responsibility, not for a vacation.
• To build a brand new government office.
• This is incorrect. He had previously worked in the government railway department, but his new role was with a private company.
• To buy a big house for his family.
• This is incorrect. The passage does not mention that he travelled there to buy a house.
• To learn how to speak a new language.
• This is incorrect. Learning a new language was not the reason for his journey.

Therefore, the correct answer is To manage the trains for a private American company.

Additional Information

• To take a long relaxing vacation: Mr. Weller travelled to Oakhaven for work, not for relaxation.
• To build a brand new government office: His new position was with a private American company, not a government office.
• To buy a big house for his family: The passage does not mention purchasing a house.
• To learn how to speak a new language: Language learning is not mentioned as his purpose for travelling.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Opinion
• This is the correct answer. In the passage, "His view on the situation was entirely positive and clear." Here, view means an opinion or belief about a situation.
• Picture
• This is incorrect. Picture refers to a visual representation and does not fit the context of someone's opinion.
• Window
• This is incorrect. A window is an opening in a wall through which one can see outside. It is unrelated to the meaning of "view" here.
• Eye
• This is incorrect. An eye is a body organ used for seeing and does not mean an opinion in this context.
• Television
• This is incorrect. Television is an electronic device used to watch programmes and is not a synonym for "view" here.

Therefore, the correct answer is Opinion.

Additional Information

• Picture: A visual representation of something.
• Window: An opening in a wall fitted with glass or another material.
• Eye: The organ of sight.
• Television: An electronic device used for receiving and displaying programmes.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• Reducing
• This is the correct answer. In the passage, Mr. Weller started cutting unnecessary costs. Here, cutting means reducing or lowering expenses.
• Adding
• This is incorrect. Adding means increasing or including something, which is opposite to the meaning of cutting costs.
• Sewing
• This is incorrect. Sewing means joining pieces of cloth with a needle and thread and does not fit the context.
• Pasting
• This is incorrect. Pasting means sticking something to another surface and is unrelated to reducing costs.
• Tearing
• This is incorrect. Tearing means pulling or ripping something apart and does not convey the intended meaning in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Reducing.

Additional Information

• Adding: Increasing or including something.
• Sewing: Joining pieces of material using a needle and thread.
• Pasting: Sticking something onto another surface.
• Tearing: Pulling or ripping something apart.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Confront
• This is the correct answer. In the passage, Mr. Weller had to face a series of huge operational problems. Here, face means to confront or deal with a difficult situation.
• Smile
• This is incorrect. Smile means to show happiness through a facial expression and does not fit the context.
• Head
• This is incorrect. Head refers to the part of the body above the neck and is not the intended meaning here.
• Avoid
• This is incorrect. Avoid means to stay away from something, whereas Mr. Weller had to deal with the problems.
• Paint
• This is incorrect. Paint means to apply colour to a surface and has no connection with the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Confront.

Additional Information

• Smile: To show happiness through a facial expression.
• Head: The upper part of the human body containing the brain.
• Avoid: To stay away from or prevent contact with something.
• Paint: To cover a surface with paint or create a picture using paint.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• resign
• This is the correct answer. The passage says that Mr. Weller left his comfortable government position to seek a fresh challenge. The word resign means to formally leave one's job or position.
• steal
• This is incorrect. Steal means to take something unlawfully and does not fit the context of leaving a job.
• hide
• This is incorrect. Hide means to conceal oneself or something, which does not fit the meaning of the sentence.
• run
• This is incorrect. Although run can sometimes mean leave quickly, it does not appropriately describe formally leaving a government position in this context.
• sleep
• This is incorrect. Sleep means to rest in an unconscious state and has no connection with leaving a job.

Therefore, the correct answer is resign.

Additional Information

• Steal: To take something unlawfully or without permission.
• Hide: To keep something or oneself out of sight.
• Run: To move quickly on foot; it does not suitably express formally leaving a job here.
• Sleep: To rest in a state of reduced consciousness.

The correct answer is Option 1 (A-B).

Key Points

• The word "synthesize" means to combine different elements to produce or form something. (संश्लेषण करना / बनाना)
• Example: Plants synthesize food through the process of photosynthesis.
• The word "absorb" means to take in or soak up a substance, energy, or liquid. (अवशोषित करना / सोखना)
• Example: Plants absorb sunlight and carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
• In the given sentence, plants cannot "synthesize sunlight". They absorb sunlight and use its energy to synthesize food.
• Therefore, "synthesize" (A) and "absorb" (B) need to be interchanged.
• After the interchange, the sentence becomes: "Plants absorb sunlight to synthesize nutrients, a process that is vital for survival and helps them emit oxygen."
• Thus, the pair that needs to be interchanged is A-B.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (C-D): Interchanging "vital" and "emit" would make the sentence grammatically and logically incorrect. Vital means essential, while emit means to release. (आवश्यक / उत्सर्जित करना)
• Option 3 (A-C): Interchanging "synthesize" and "vital" would produce an incorrect and meaningless sentence because "vital" cannot function as the verb required after "to".
• Option 4 (B-D): Interchanging "absorb" and "emit" would result in "Plants synthesize sunlight to emit nutrients," which is scientifically and logically incorrect.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This is incorrect because the original phrase "synthesize sunlight" is inappropriate. Plants absorb sunlight and use its energy to synthesize food.

The correct answer is Option 3 (A-C).

Key Points

• The word "orbit" means to move around a planet, star, or other celestial body along a particular path. (किसी ग्रह की कक्षा में घूमना)
• Example: The satellite will orbit the Earth for several years.
• The word "launch" means to send or propel something into space or into motion. (प्रक्षेपित करना / प्रक्षेपण)
• Example: The space agency will launch a new satellite next month.
• In the given sentence, the phrase "enter the planet's launch" is incorrect because a planet has an "orbit", not a "launch." Therefore, "orbit" (A) and "launch" (C) need to be interchanged.
• After the interchange, the sentence becomes: "The space agency plans to launch a new probe that will enter the planet's orbit and scan its rocky surface."
• Thus, the pair that needs to be interchanged is A-C.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-D): Interchanging "orbit" and "surface" would produce an incorrect sentence because a space agency can "orbit" a probe, while a planet has a "surface." (कक्षा में घूमना / सतह)
• Option 2 (B-C): Interchanging "probe" and "launch" would result in "plans to orbit a new launch," which is grammatically and logically incorrect. (जांच यान / प्रक्षेपण)
• Option 4 (A-B): Interchanging "orbit" and "probe" would produce "plans to probe a new orbit," which does not convey the intended meaning of the sentence.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This is incorrect because the original phrase "enter the planet's launch" is meaningless. The appropriate expression is "enter the planet's orbit."

The correct answer is Option 2 (A-B).

Key Points

• The word "ancient" is an adjective meaning belonging to a very old period of history. (प्राचीन)
• Example: The museum displays several ancient sculptures.
• The word "decipher" is a verb meaning to decode or interpret something that is difficult to understand or read. (अर्थ समझना / कूटलेखन को समझना)
• Example: The researchers managed to decipher the ancient inscription.
• In the given sentence, "to ancient the decipher texts" is grammatically incorrect because "to" must be followed by a verb, and "decipher" is the appropriate verb.
• Therefore, "ancient" (A) and "decipher" (B) need to be interchanged.
• After the interchange, the sentence becomes: "Scholars worked tirelessly to decipher the ancient texts, hoping to reveal the secrets hidden within the obscure manuscripts."
• Thus, the pair that needs to be interchanged is A-B.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-D and B-C): This is incorrect because it would create an unnecessarily distorted sentence and would not produce the intended grammatical structure. Only A-B needs to be interchanged.
• Option 3 (C-D): Interchanging "obscure" and "manuscripts" would result in "the manuscripts obscure," which is grammatically incorrect in this context.
• Option 4 (B-D): Interchanging "decipher" and "manuscripts" would produce "to ancient the manuscripts," which is grammatically incorrect.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This is incorrect because the original sentence contains an improper placement of "ancient" and "decipher."

The correct answer is Option 1 (A-D).

Key Points

• The word "symptoms" is a noun meaning signs or indications of a disease or medical condition. (लक्षण)
• Example: The doctor carefully examined the patient's symptoms.
• The word "diagnose" is a verb meaning to identify a disease or medical condition by examining its symptoms. (रोग का निदान करना)
• Example: The doctor was able to diagnose the illness quickly.
• In the given sentence, "was able to symptoms the rare disease" is grammatically incorrect because "was able to" must be followed by a verb.
• Similarly, "alleviate the patient's chronic diagnose" is incorrect because "alleviate" requires a noun as its object, and "chronic" is an adjective that appropriately describes a noun such as "symptoms."
• Therefore, "symptoms" (A) and "diagnose" (D) need to be interchanged.
• After the interchange, the sentence becomes: "The doctor was able to diagnose the rare disease early, helping to alleviate the patient's chronic symptoms."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2 (B-C): Interchanging "alleviate" and "chronic" would produce an incorrect structure because "to chronic" is grammatically meaningless.
• Option 3 (A-C): Interchanging "symptoms" and "chronic" would result in "to chronic the rare disease" and would make the sentence grammatically incorrect.
• Option 4 (B-D): Interchanging "alleviate" and "diagnose" would result in "to symptoms the rare disease" and would still leave the sentence incorrect.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This is incorrect because the original sentence contains an improper placement of "symptoms" and "diagnose."

The correct answer is Option 3 (B-D).

Key Points

• The word "malicious" is an adjective meaning intended to cause harm or damage. (दुर्भावनापूर्ण / हानिकारक)
• Example: The cybersecurity team detected a malicious program on the network.
• The word "sensitive" is an adjective meaning requiring protection because it contains private, confidential, or important information. (संवेदनशील / गोपनीय)
• Example: The company stores sensitive customer information on secure servers.
• In the given sentence, "encrypt all malicious data" is not the intended logical expression. Data that needs encryption is generally sensitive, whereas software designed to harm a system can be malicious.
• Therefore, "malicious" (B) and "sensitive" (D) need to be interchanged.
• After the interchange, the sentence becomes: "It is essential to encrypt all sensitive data to ensure that hackers cannot infiltrate the system using malicious software."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-C): Interchanging "encrypt" and "infiltrate" would make the sentence grammatically and semantically incorrect, as "infiltrate all malicious data" does not fit the context.
• Option 2 (A-D): Interchanging "encrypt" and "sensitive" would produce "It is essential to sensitive all malicious data," which is grammatically incorrect.
• Option 4 (C-D): Interchanging "infiltrate" and "sensitive" would produce "hackers cannot sensitive the system using malicious software," which is grammatically incorrect.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This is incorrect because "malicious" and "sensitive" are semantically misplaced in the original sentence.

The correct answer is 'Deal.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about coping with or controlling a difficult situation.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Deal'.
• Also, the use of the word ''situation'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'deal' in the blank.
• The word 'Deal' means To cope with or control a difficult person or situation.
• Example: We must deal with the situation before it gets out of hand.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: In Jammu and Kashmir today, as also elsewhere, there is no all-in-one grand strategy to deal with the situation.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Zeal means Great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective.
• Heal means To cause a wound, injury, or person to become sound or healthy again.
• Unveil means To show something new to the public for the first time.
• Steal means Taking another person's property without permission or legal right and without intending to return it.

The correct answer is 'Lack.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about not having enough political will.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Lack'.
• Also, the use of the phrase ''scaling down'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'lack' in the blank.
• The word 'Lack' means The state of being without or not having enough of something.
• Example: Lack of money necessitated a change of plan.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: The lack of political will was another factor behind scaling down before the community health volunteer program was forgotten.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Sack means Dismissal from employment.
• Slack means Having or showing laziness or negligence.
• Back means To give help or support to somebody or something.
• Hack means A strategy or technique for managing one's time or activities more efficiently.

The correct answer is 'Abandon.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about stopping to do something related to the unachievable goal of FTA.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Abandon'.
• Also, the use of the word ''unachievable'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'abandon' in the blank.
• The word 'Abandon' means To stop doing something without finishing it or without achieving what you wanted to do.
• Example: The consequence of these reports of the hostility of the church led him to abandon all thoughts of publishing.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete Sentence: Heads of state and government need to assert their authority or abandon the FTA as an unachievable goal.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Pardon means An official decision not to punish somebody for a crime.
• Abide means To be able to tolerate someone or something.
• Decide means To come or bring to a resolution in the mind as a result of consideration.
• Meritorious means Deserving reward or praise.

Solution:

The correct answer 'acquire'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about China's strategy to access Pangong Tso.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Acquire'.
• Also the sentence talks about placing Pangong Tso in the category of occupied ans disputed territory, which indicates the use of word 'acquire' in the blank.
• The word 'acquire' means to come into possession or ownership of.
• Example: I managed to acquire the books to study for my competitive examination.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Achieve: successfully bring about or reach (a desired objective or result) by effort, skill, or courage.
• Forfeit: lose or be deprived of (property or a right or privilege) as a penalty for wrongdoing.
• Relinquish: voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.
• Surrender: stop resisting to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority.

The correct answer is 'Conflict.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is saying that Moscow may be planning to embark on nuclear war.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'Conflict'.
• Also, the use of the word ''nuclear'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'conflict' in the blank.
• The word 'Conflict' means A prolonged armed struggle.
• Example: The local war escalated into a major conflict.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete Sentence: Implicit in this warning is that Moscow may be planning to embark on a nuclear conflict.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Addict means A person who cannot stop taking or doing something harmful.
• Predict means To say that something will happen in the future.
• Convict means To say officially in a court of law that somebody is guilty of a crime.
• Verdict means A decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.

Given:

24 × 15 − 18 × 12 + 45 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ 360 − 216 + 45

⇒ 144 + 45

⇒ ? = 189

∴ The correct answer is 189.

Given:

45% of 640 + 25% of 320 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ ? = (45 × 640) ÷ 100 + (25 × 320) ÷ 100

⇒ ? = 288 + 80

⇒ ? = 368

∴ The correct answer is 368.

Given:

(18)² − (13)² + √576 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ ? = 324 − 169 + 24

⇒ ? = 155 + 24

⇒ ? = 179

∴ The correct answer is 179.

Given:

3 ÷ 5 of 450 + 2 ÷ 7 of 385 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ ? = 3 × (450 ÷ 5) + 2 × (385 ÷ 7)

⇒ ? = 3 × 90 + 2 × 55

⇒ ? = 270 + 110

⇒ ? = 380

∴ The correct answer is 380.

Given:

1250 ÷ 25 × 8 − 140 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ 1250 ÷ 25 × 8 − 140

⇒ 50 × 8 − 140

⇒ 400 − 140

⇒ ? = 260

∴ The correct answer is 260.

Shortcut Trick

Identify square roots:

√1296 = 36, √961 = 31, and √441 = 21.

Substitute values into the expression: 36 + 31 − 21.

Calculate the result: 67 − 21 = 46.

∴ The correct answer is 46.

Alternate Method

Given:

√1296 + √961 − √441 = ?

Formula Used:

Square root simplification and BODMAS rule.

Calculations:

⇒ √1296 = 36 (as 36 × 36 = 1296)

⇒ √961 = 31 (as 31 × 31 = 961)

⇒ √441 = 21 (as 21 × 21 = 441)

⇒ ? = 36 + 31 − 21

⇒ ? = 67 − 21

⇒ ? = 46

∴ The correct answer is 46.

Additional Information

Square Root Estimation

To find √1296, note that 30² = 900 and 40² = 1600. Since the last digit is 6, the root must end in 4 or 6. Testing 36 gives 36 × 36 = 1296.

BODMAS Rule

The BODMAS rule (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) ensures that arithmetic operations are solved in the correct sequence.

Perfect Square Properties

A perfect square ending in 1 will have a square root ending in 1 or 9. For example, √961 ends in 1, leading to the estimate of 31.

Given:

65% of 800 - 3 ÷ 8 of 512 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ 65% of 800 = 65 × 8 = 520

⇒ (3 ÷ 8) × 512 = 3 × 64 = 192

⇒ ? = 520 - 192

⇒ ? = 328

∴ The correct answer is 328.

Given:

12.5 × 16 + 37.5 × 8 − 100 = ?

Calculation:

⇒ ? = 200 + 300 − 100

⇒ ? = 500 − 100

⇒ ? = 400

∴ The correct answer is 400.

Common Data

Calculation:

Total phones sold in 2022 = 120 + 150 + 180 + 90 + 160

= 700

Therefore, the correct answer is 700 (Option C).

Common Data

Calculation:

Phones sold by Store C in 2022 = 180.

Phones sold by Store E in 2023 = 200.

Required ratio = 180 : 200

Dividing both terms by 20, required ratio = 9 : 10.

Therefore, the correct answer is 9 : 10 (Option A).

Common Data

Calculation:

Increase in Store D's sales = 120 − 90 = 30.

Percentage increase = (30 / 90) × 100

= (1 / 3) × 100 = 33⅓%.

Therefore, the correct answer is 33⅓% (Option D).

Common Data

Calculation:

Total phones sold in 2023 = 150 + 180 + 150 + 120 + 200

= 800.

Average phones sold = 800 / 5 = 160.

Therefore, the correct answer is 160 (Option D).

Common Data

Calculation:

Store B's sales in both years = 150 + 180 = 330.

Total sales by all stores in both years = 700 + 800 = 1500.

Required percentage = (330 / 1500) × 100

= 22%.

Therefore, the correct answer is 22% (Option A).

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM(10, 15) = 30 units.

Efficiency: A = 3 units/day, B = 2 units/day.

Work done by B in 3 days = 2 × 3 = 6 units.

Remaining work (30 − 6 = 24 units) was completed by A over the entire duration.

Total time for whole work = Total work done by A ÷ Efficiency of A = 24 ÷ 3 = 8 days.

∴ The correct answer is 8 days.

Alternate Method

Given: A completes work in 10 days, B in 15 days. They work together for 3 days.

Formula: Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time

⇒ Combined Efficiency of A and B = 3 + 2 = 5 units/day.

⇒ Work done by (A + B) in 3 days = 5 × 3 = 15 units.

⇒ Remaining work = Total Work − Work Done = 30 − 15 = 15 units.

⇒ Time taken by A to complete remaining work = 15 ÷ 3 = 5 days.

⇒ Total days to complete whole work = 3 days (together) + 5 days (A alone) = 8 days.

∴ The correct answer is 8 days.

Additional Information

Pipes and Cisterns

It follows the same logic as Time & Work, where filling pipes have positive efficiency and emptying (leakage) pipes have negative efficiency.

Work and Wages

Wages are distributed among workers in the ratio of the actual work completed by each individual (Efficiency × Time).

Efficiency Relation

If efficiency is increased by x%, the time taken decreases. Time and Efficiency are inversely proportional for a constant amount of work.

Shortcut Trick

Difference between MP and SP is always the Discount amount.

Discount = 25% of MP = ₹210 ⇒ MP = 210 × 4 = ₹840.

MP is 40% above CP ⇒ 140% of CP = 840.

CP = 840 ÷ 1.4 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Markup % = 40% above CP

Discount % = 25% on MP

Difference (MP − SP) = ₹210

Formula Used:

MP = CP × (100 + Markup%)/100

SP = MP × (100 − Discount%)/100

Discount = MP − SP

CP (100%) Marked Price (140%) Discount (25%) Difference (MP − SP) = ₹210

Calculations:

⇒ Let Cost Price (CP) = 100 units

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 100 + 40% of 100 = 140 units

⇒ Discount = 25% of MP = 25% of 140 = 35 units

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount = 140 − 35 = 105 units

⇒ Difference between MP and SP = 140 − 105 = 35 units

⇒ Given:

35 units = ₹210

⇒ 1 unit = 210 ÷ 35 = ₹6

⇒ Cost Price (CP) = 100 units = 100 × 6 = ₹600

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Additional Information

Markup and Discount Relation

Profit % = Markup % − Discount % − (Markup % × Discount %)/100. This is the effective percentage change from CP to SP.

CP and MP Ratio

CP/MP = (100 − Discount%)/(100 + Profit%). This direct ratio helps find CP or MP when profit and discount percentages are known.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts d₁ and d₂ are given, the single equivalent discount = d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂)/100.

Verified Answer: Rs. 600

Shortcut Trick

Work backwards from C: C (4 yrs later) = 16 + 4 = 20 years.

B (4 yrs later) = (3 ÷ 2) × 20 = 30 years.

B (6 yrs ago) = 30 − 4 (to present) − 6 (to past) = 20 years.

A (6 yrs ago) = (3 ÷ 4) × 20 = 15 years.

A (Present) = 15 + 6 = 21 years.

∴ The correct answer is 21 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Present age of C = 16 years.

Ratio of A : B (6 years ago) = 3 : 4.

Ratio of B : C (4 years hence) = 3 : 2.

Formula Used:

Value = (Ratio Part ÷ Other Ratio Part) × Known Value

6 yrs ago  Present  4 yrs hence  C = 20 B = 30  C = 16 B = 26  B = 20 A = 15  Total Gap = 10 yrs

⇒ Present Age of C = 16 years

⇒ Age of C (4 years hence) = 16 + 4 = 20 years

⇒ Ratio B : C (4 years hence) = 3 : 2

⇒ 2 parts = 20 ∴ 1 part = 10

⇒ Age of B (4 years hence) = 3 × 10 = 30 years

⇒ Age of B (6 years ago) = 30 − 4 (future to present) − 6 (present to past) = 20 years

⇒ Ratio A : B (6 years ago) = 3 : 4

⇒ 4 parts = 20 ∴ 1 part = 5

⇒ Age of A (6 years ago) = 3 × 5 = 15 years

⇒ Present Age of A = 15 + 6 = 21 years

∴ The correct answer is 21 years.

Additional Information

Constant Age Difference

The difference between the ages of two individuals always remains the same, regardless of how many years in the past or future are considered.

Age Ratio Shifting

To shift a ratio from 'n' years ago to present, you must find the values first, then add 'n'. Direct addition to ratio parts is mathematically incorrect.

Ratio Unitary Method

Value per unit = Total Value ÷ Total units. Individual value = Units × Value per unit.

Suppose Q invested Rs 100P for 7m months.

Then P's investment in Rs 350P for 8m months.

Ratio of investment of P and Q = (350P× 8M )  : ( 100P ×7M ) 

⇒ 2800Pm : 700pm = 4 : 1 

Now Q, share is Rs 3200

⇒ 1 unit = Rs 3200

Total profit is equal to 5unit 

⇒ Rs 3200×5 = Rs 16000

Hence Rs 16000 is the correct answer.

Given:

7, 14, 28, 56, ?, 224

Pattern used:

Previous term × 2

Calculation:

⇒ 7 × 2 = 14

⇒ 14 × 2 = 28

⇒ 28 × 2 = 56

⇒ 56 × 2 = 112

⇒ 112 × 2 = 224

∴ The correct answer is 112.

Given:

Series:

5, 6, 14, 45, ?, 925

Pattern used:

(Previous term × n) + n, where n starts from 1.

Calculation:

⇒ 5 × 1 + 1 = 6

⇒ 6 × 2 + 2 = 14

⇒ 14 × 3 + 3 = 45

⇒ 45 × 4 + 4 = 184

⇒ 184 × 5 + 5 = 925

∴ The correct answer is 184.

Given:

8, 12, 24, 60, ?, 630

Pattern used:

Multiplication by 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5

Calculation:

⇒ 8 × 1.5 = 12

⇒ 12 × 2.0 = 24

⇒ 24 × 2.5 = 60

⇒ 60 × 3.0 = 180

⇒ 180 × 3.5 = 630

∴ The correct answer is 180.

Common Calculation

Class A:

Given: Total = 250, Present = 84%

⇒ Present = 250 × (84 / 100) = 210

⇒ Absent = 250 − 210 = 40

∴ Total = 250, Present = 210, Absent = 40

Class B:

Given: Total = 28% more than Class A, Absent = 30

⇒ Total = 250 + (28 / 100) × 250 = 320

⇒ Present = 320 − 30 = 290

∴ Total = 320, Present = 290, Absent = 30

Class C:

Given: Present = 10 more than Class B, Absent = 60

⇒ Present = 290 + 10 = 300

⇒ Total = 300 + 60 = 360

∴ Total = 360, Present = 300, Absent = 60

Given:

Present students in Class B = 290, Absent students in Class C = 60

Formula Used:

Total Students = Present Students + Absent Students

Calculation:

⇒ Present students in Class C = 290 + 10 = 300

⇒ Total students in Class C = 300 + 60 = 360

∴ The correct answer is 360.

Common Calculation

Class A:

Given: Total = 250, Present = 84%

⇒ Present = 250 × (84 / 100) = 210

⇒ Absent = 250 − 210 = 40

∴ Total = 250, Present = 210, Absent = 40

Class B:

Given: Total = 28% more than Class A, Absent = 30

⇒ Total = 250 + (28 / 100) × 250 = 320

⇒ Present = 320 − 30 = 290

∴ Total = 320, Present = 290, Absent = 30

Class C:

Given: Present = 10 more than Class B, Absent = 60

⇒ Present = 290 + 10 = 300

⇒ Total = 300 + 60 = 360

∴ Total = 360, Present = 300, Absent = 60

Given:

Absent students in Class A = 40, Absent students in Class C = 60

Formula Used:

Required Percentage = (Value / Base Value) × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Required Percentage = (40 / 60) × 100

⇒ Required Percentage = (2 / 3) × 100

⇒ Required Percentage = 66 2 / 3 %

∴ The correct answer is 66 2/3 %.

Common Calculation

Class A:

Given: Total = 250, Present = 84%

⇒ Present = 250 × (84 / 100) = 210

⇒ Absent = 250 − 210 = 40

∴ Total = 250, Present = 210, Absent = 40

Class B:

Given: Total = 28% more than Class A, Absent = 30

⇒ Total = 250 + (28 / 100) × 250 = 250 + 70 = 320

⇒ Present = 320 − 30 = 290

∴ Total = 320, Present = 290, Absent = 30

Class C:

Given: Present = 10 more than Class B, Absent = 60

⇒ Present = 290 + 10 = 300

⇒ Total = 300 + 60 = 360

∴ Total = 360, Present = 300, Absent = 60

Given:

Students present in Class A = 210, Class B = 290, Class C = 300

Formula Used:

Total Present Students = Present in Class A + Present in Class B + Present in Class C

Calculation:

⇒ Total Present = 210 + 290 + 300

⇒ Total Present = 800

∴ The correct answer is 800.

Common Calculation

Class A:

Given: Total = 250, Present = 84%

⇒ Present = 250 × (84 / 100) = 210

⇒ Absent = 250 − 210 = 40

∴ Total = 250, Present = 210, Absent = 40

Class B:

Given: Total = 28% more than Class A, Absent = 30

⇒ Total = 250 + (28 / 100) × 250 = 250 + 70 = 320

⇒ Present = 320 − 30 = 290

∴ Total = 320, Present = 290, Absent = 30

Class C:

Given: Present = 10 more than Class B, Absent = 60

⇒ Present = 290 + 10 = 300

⇒ Total = 300 + 60 = 360

∴ Total = 360, Present = 300, Absent = 60

Given:

Total students in Class A = 250

Total students in Class C = 360

Formula Used:

Ratio = Total students in Class A : Total students in Class C

Calculation:

⇒ Ratio = 250 : 360

⇒ Ratio = 25 : 36

∴ The correct answer is 25 : 36.

Common Calculation

Class A:

Given: Total = 250, Present = 84%

⇒ Present = 250 × (84 / 100) = 210

⇒ Absent = 250 − 210 = 40

∴ Total = 250, Present = 210, Absent = 40

Class B:

Given: Total = 28% more than Class A, Absent = 30

⇒ Total = 250 + (28 / 100) × 250 = 250 + 70 = 320

⇒ Present = 320 − 30 = 290

∴ Total = 320, Present = 290, Absent = 30

Class C:

Given: Present = 10 more than Class B, Absent = 60

⇒ Present = 290 + 10 = 300

⇒ Total = 300 + 60 = 360

∴ Total = 360, Present = 300, Absent = 60

Given:

Absent students in Class A = 40

Absent students in Class B = 30

Absent students in Class C = 60

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of values / Total number of values

Calculation:

⇒ Total absent students = 40 + 30 + 60 = 130

⇒ Average absent students = 130 / 3

⇒ Average absent students = 43 1/3

∴ The correct answer is 43 1/3.

Solution:

Amount invested by A = Rs.13500

Amount invested by B = Rs.16000

A invested for 12 months and B invested for (12 – y) months

Let x = 12 − y

(13500 × 12)/ (16000 ×  x) = 81/56

((13500 ×  12) ×  56)/81 = (16000 ×  x)

112,000 = 16000 ×  x

7 = x

y = (12 – 7) = 5

Shortcut Trick

For a 2-year period, the ratio of Amount (A) to Principal (P) is the square of the 1-year multiplier.

√(A/P) = √(16810/14440) = √(1681/1444) = 41/38

Interest for 1 unit of time = 41 − 38 = 3 units on 38 units.

Rate % = (3/38) × 100 = 150/19 ≈ 7.89%

∴ The correct answer is 7.89%.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹14440, Amount (A) = ₹16810, Time (n) = 2 years.

Formula Used: A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

⇒ 16810 = 14440(1 + R/100)²

⇒ 16810 / 14440 = (1 + R/100)²

⇒ 1681 / 1444 = (1 + R/100)²

⇒ √(1681 / 1444) = 1 + R/100

⇒ 41 / 38 = 1 + R/100

⇒ R/100 = (41 / 38) − 1

⇒ R/100 = 3 / 38

⇒ R = 300 / 38 = 7.8947...

∴ The correct answer is 7.89%.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

The amount A is calculated as A = P(1 + r/n)^nt, where P is principal, r is annual rate, and t is time in years.

Annual vs Half-Yearly Compounding

For half-yearly, the rate is halved (R/2) and the time period is doubled (2n). For quarterly, rate is R/4 and time is 4n.

Effective Rate of Interest

It is the actual interest rate earned over a year due to compounding: Effective Rate = (1 + r/n)ⁿ − 1.

Given:

The average age of A and B is 20 years

The average age of B and C is 19 years

The average age of A and C is 21 years

Concept Used:

Average (A) = S/N

Where, S = sum of observations, and N = number of observations

Calculation:

The sum of the ages of A and B = 20 × 2 = 40 years

The sum of the ages of B and C = 19 × 2 = 38 years

The sum of the ages of A and C = 21 × 2 = 42 years

So, 2 × (A + B + C) = 120

Then, the total ages of A, B, and C = 120/2 = 60 years

Age of A = 60 - 38 = 22 years

∴ The correct answer is option 2

Given:

A boat can go 68 km downstream and 52 km upstream in 8 hours

it can go 65 km upstream and 34 km downstream in 7 hours

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Speed of the boat = (Downstream + Upstream)/2

Calculation:

According to the question,

Let U and D be the upstream and downstream,

$\frac{68}{D}+\frac{52}{U}=8$  --------(1)

$\frac{34}{D}+\frac{65}{U}=7$  --------(2)

by performing this [(1) ÷ 4] - [(2) ÷ 2]

We get,

$\frac{68}{4\times D}+\frac{52}{4 \times U} -\frac{34}{2 \times D}-\frac{65}{2 \times U} =\frac{8}{4} -\frac{7}{2}$

$\frac{17}{ D}+\frac{13}{U} -\frac{17}{ D}-\frac{32.5}{U} =2 -3.5$

$\frac{13}{U} -\frac{32.5}{U} =-1.5$

$-\frac{19.5}{U} =-1.5$

U = 19.5/1.5

Upstream = 13 km/hr   ------(3)

Substitute (3) in equation (1),

$\frac{68}{D}+\frac{52}{13}=8$

$\frac{68}{D}+4=8$

Downstream = 68/4

= 17 km/hr

Speed of boat = (17 + 13)/2

= 30/2

= 15 km/hr

Answer is 15.

Given:

Minimum Aggregate marks to pass in the exam = 540

Marks obtained by Subham = 432

Formula:

Minimum passing marks = Subham’s marks + 12% of the total marks

Calculation:

Let the maximum or total marks = x

Subham failed by 12% marks

⇒ 12% of total marks = minimum passing marks – Subham’s marks

⇒ 12% of x = 540 – 432

⇒ (12/100) × x = 108

⇒ x = 108 × 100/12

⇒ x = 900

∴ Maximum aggregate or total marks is 900.

Given:

Sales employees in Company X = 36

Sales employees in Company Y = 32

Sales employees in Company Z = 38

Formula Used:

Total Sales employees = Sales(X) + Sales(Y) + Sales(Z)

Calculation:

⇒ Total = 36 + 32 + 38

⇒ Total = 106

∴ The correct answer is 106.

Given:

Marketing employees in Company X = 40

Marketing employees in Company Z = 32

Formula Used:

Average = (Marketing(X) + Marketing(Z)) / 2

Calculation:

⇒ Average = (40 + 32) / 2

⇒ Average = 72 / 2

⇒ Average = 36

∴ The correct answer is 36.

Given:

HR employees:

X = 48, Y = 40, Z = 42

Marketing employees:

X = 40, Y = 44, Z = 32

Formula Used:

Difference = Total HR employees − Total Marketing employees

Calculation:

⇒ Total HR employees = 48 + 40 + 42 = 130

⇒ Total Marketing employees = 40 + 44 + 32 = 116

⇒ Difference = 130 − 116 = 14

∴ The correct answer is 14.

Given:

Marketing employees in Company Y = 44

Marketing employees in Company X = 40

Formula Used:

Percentage more = [(Value 1 − Value 2) / Value 2] × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Difference = 44 − 40 = 4

⇒ Percentage more = (4 / 40) × 100

⇒ Percentage more = (1 / 10) × 100 = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Given:

Employees in HR of Company X = 48

Employees in Sales of Company Y = 32

Employees in Marketing of Company Z = 32

Formula Used:

Percentage = (Target Value / Reference Sum) × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Combined Reference Employees = 32 + 32 = 64

⇒ Required Percentage = (48 / 64) × 100

⇒ Required Ratio = 48 : 64 = 3 : 4

⇒ Required Percentage = (3 / 4) × 100 = 75%

∴ The correct answer is 75% (3:4).

1. P sits second to the right of R and second to the left of T.

2. Two people sit between T and N.

3. The number of people sits between Q and M is the same as the number of people sits between M and S.

4. M does not sit near T.

5. O sits second to the left of S. (This eliminates case 2)

Final arrangement:

Hence, ‘S’ sits immediately to the right of T.

1. P sits second to the right of R and second to the left of T.

2. Two people sit between T and N.

3. The number of people sits between Q and M is the same as the number of people sits between M and S.

4. M does not sit near T.

5. O sits second to the left of S. (This eliminates case 2)

Final arrangement:

Hence, ‘O’ sits opposite to Q.

1. P sits second to the right of R and second to the left of T.

2. Two people sit between T and N.

3. The number of people sits between Q and M is the same as the number of people sits between M and S.

4. M does not sit near T.

5. O sits second to the left of S. (This eliminates case 2)

Final arrangement:

Hence, none will remain unchanged(excluding M), if all the people are made to sit in alphabetical order in a clockwise direction starting from M.

1. P sits second to the right of R and second to the left of T.

2. Two people sit between T and N.

3. The number of people sits between Q and M is the same as the number of people sits between M and S.

4. M does not sit near T.

5. O sits second to the left of S. (This eliminates case 2)

Final arrangement:

Hence, two persons sit between M and N, when counted clockwise direction from N.

1. P sits second to the right of R and second to the left of T.

2. Two people sit between T and N.

3. The number of people sits between Q and M is the same as the number of people sits between M and S.

4. M does not sit near T.

5. O sits second to the left of S. (This eliminates case 2)

Final arrangement:

All are immediate neighbors of each other except ‘T - R’

Hence, ‘T - R’ does not belong to that group.

From given Information:

1. Q has third highest weight weighing 88 kg.

_ > _ > Q (88) > _ > _ > _ > _

2. Three people have their weight between Q and P. so according to this condition P has the lowest weight.

_ > _ > Q (88) > _ > _ > _ > P

3. No one have weight between P and S and the second lowest weighs 78 kg. So S will be second lowest here.

_ > _ > Q (88) > _ > _ > S (78) > P

4. R is immediately above S in weight, T is immediately above U in weight.

 T > U > Q (88) > _ > R > S (78) > P

5. Only V is remaining so he will be at the vacant place. 

 T > U > Q (88) > V > R > S (78) > P

Hence, the weights of S and R is 78 and 86 respectively.

From given Information:

1. Q has third highest weight weighing 88 kg.

_ > _ > Q (88) > _ > _ > _ > _

2. Three people have their weight between Q and P. so according to this condition P has the lowest weight.

_ > _ > Q (88) > _ > _ > _ > P

3. No one have weight between P and S and the second lowest weighs 78 kg. So S will be second lowest here.

_ > _ > Q (88) > _ > _ > S (78) > P

4. R is immediately above S in weight, T is immediately above U in weight.

 T > U > Q (88) > _ > R > S (78) > P

5. Only V is remaining so he will be at the vacant place. 

 T > U > Q (88) > V > R > S (78) > P

Hence, T has the highest weight among them.

Thus ‘gv’ is decoded as ‘status’.

Thus ‘submit update details’ is coded as ‘cr ur kt’.

Thus ‘su mp’ is decoded as ‘enforce subsidy’

Thus ‘submit identity’ is coded as ‘dl ur’.

Thus ‘mp’ is decoded as ‘subsidy’.

Pairs in the forward direction → OT

Pairs in the backward direction → LR

Thus, there are two such pairs of letters in the word "ORIENTAL" which have as many letters between them as in the English alphabetical series (both in forward and backward directions).

Hence, the correct answer is two such pairs.

Given series- 726       924       375       574       296

The sum of the first and third digits of the second-lowest number: 3 + 5 = 8

The sum of the first and third digits of the second-highest number: 7 + 6 = 13

So, the difference between the numbers is: 13 – 8 = 5.

Hence, the correct answer is 5.

Given series- 726       924       375       574       296

Subtracting 1 from the first digit: 626       824       275       474       196

Interchanging second and third digit: 662       842       257       447       169

So, 169 is the lowest number which comes from 296.

Hence, the correct answer is 296.

Given series- 726       924       375       574       296

Adding 2 to the third digit: 728       926       377       576       298

Interchanging first and second digit: 278       296       737       756       928

So, 928 is the highest number which comes from 296.

Hence, the correct answer is 296.

Given series- 726       924       375       574       296

The first digit of the highest number – 9

The first digit of the second-lowest number – 3

So, the first digit of the highest number (9) is divided by the first digit of the second-lowest number (3) then the answer is 3. 

Hence, the correct answer is 3.

Given series- 726       924       375       574       296

Increasing order within digit – 267       249       357       457       269

So, 457 is the highest number which comes from 574.

Hence, the correct answer is 574.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some coffee is not milk → True (As it is definite, coffee which is candy can never be milk).

II. Some coffee is milk → False (As it is possible, but it is not definite, As no direct relation between the two is given).

Hence, Only the Conclusion I follow.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as follows -

Conclusions:

I. All keys are Metal → False (As all keys are part of Iron and No Iron is Metal, so definitely All keys will never be Metal).

II. No Lock is Metal → True (As All Lock are Iron and No Iron are Metal, so All Lock will never be Metal is definitely True).

Hence, Only conclusion II follow.

The least possible Venn diagram;

Conclusions:

I. Some Mobiles are not Keys → True (Because only a few Mobiles are Weeks and No Weeks are Keys. Therefore part of the Mobiles those are Weeks definitely not Keys)

II. No Laptops are Keys → False (it is possible but not definite because.As there is no definite relation between Laptops and Keys)

Hence, the only conclusion I follow.

According to the given information, we get the following figure,

According to the given information, we get the following figure,

Shortest distance between point D and point G = √ (3² + 4²) = √ (9 + 16) = √25 = 5

Hence, ‘5m’ is the correct answer.

According to the given information, we get the following figure,

First point is in west of second point except in D – G.

Hence, D – G does not belong to the group.

According to the given information, we get the following figure,

Hence, point C is in north-west of point G.

Given:

Eight persons - P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W

Floor - 1 to 4, Flat - 1 and 2

1) R lives on the odd numbered floor and no one lives to the east of R.

2) U lives immediately above and in the same as of R.

 WEST                                                                EAST

3) There are two floors between P and T.Hence one of them must live on 1st floor and other on 4th floor.

4) T lives above P and they live in different flats.

5. V lives on the same floor on which T lives.

In case - I, V cannot live on the same floor on which T lives because U is already living there, so here case - I gets cancelled.

 6) S and W live on the same floor and no one lives to the west of W.

Which means W lives in Flat 1 and S lives on Flat 2.,There is only one place remaining for Q, on floor number 2.

Hence, 'Q' lives on the second floor.

Given:

Eight persons - P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W

Floor - 1 to 4, Flat - 1 and 2

1) R lives on the odd numbered floor and no one lives to the east of R.

2) U lives immediately above and in the same as of R.

 WEST                                                                EAST

3) There are two floors between P and T.Hence one of them must live on 1st floor and other on 4th floor.

4) T lives above P and they live in different flats.

5. V lives on the same floor on which T lives.

In case - I, V cannot live on the same floor on which T lives because U is already living there, so here case - I gets cancelled.

 6) S and W live on the same floor and no one lives to the west of W.

Which means W lives in Flat 1 and S lives on Flat 2.,There is only one place remaining for Q, on floor number 2.

Hence, 'U' lives just below S.

Given:

Eight persons - P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W

Floor - 1 to 4, Flat - 1 and 2

1) R lives on the odd numbered floor and no one lives to the east of R.

2) U lives immediately above and in the same as of R.

 WEST                                                                EAST

3) There are two floors between P and T.Hence one of them must live on 1st floor and other on 4th floor.

4) T lives above P and they live in different flats.

5. V lives on the same floor on which T lives.

In case - I, V cannot live on the same floor on which T lives because U is already living there, so here case - I gets cancelled.

 6) S and W live on the same floor and no one lives to the west of W.

Which means W lives in Flat 1 and S lives on Flat 2.,There is only one place remaining for Q, on floor number 2.

Hence, 'No one' lives to the west of Q.

Given:

Eight persons - P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W

Floor - 1 to 4, Flat - 1 and 2

1) R lives on the odd numbered floor and no one lives to the east of R.

2) U lives immediately above and in the same as of R.

 WEST                                                                EAST

3) There are two floors between P and T.Hence one of them must live on 1st floor and other on 4th floor.

4) T lives above P and they live in different flats.

5. V lives on the same floor on which T lives.

In case - I, V cannot live on the same floor on which T lives because U is already living there, so here case - I gets cancelled.

 6) S and W live on the same floor and no one lives to the west of W.

Which means W lives in Flat 1 and S lives on Flat 2.,There is only one place remaining for Q, on floor number 2.

Hence, 'Floor 3 Flat 2 - S' is the correct pair.

Given:

Eight persons - P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W

Floor - 1 to 4, Flat - 1 and 2

1) R lives on the odd numbered floor and no one lives to the east of R.

2) U lives immediately above and in the same as of R.

 WEST                                                                EAST

3) There are two floors between P and T.Hence one of them must live on 1st floor and other on 4th floor.

4) T lives above P and they live in different flats.

5. V lives on the same floor on which T lives.

In case - I, V cannot live on the same floor on which T lives because U is already living there, so here case - I gets cancelled.

 6) S and W live on the same floor and no one lives to the west of W.

Which means W lives in Flat 1 and S lives on Flat 2.,There is only one place remaining for Q, on floor number 2.

Hence, T lives on 'Floor 4 - Flat 2**'**.

Option 1: F + 4 = J, J + 4 = N

Option 2: A + 4 = E, E + 4 = I

Option 3: J + 4 = N, N + 4 = R

Option 4: T + 2 = V, V + 2 = X

Option 5: K + 4 = O, O + 4 = S

Hence, the correct answer is TVX.

Eight persons O, X, Y, P, W, Z, V and U are sitting in a line.

Some of them are facing north and some of them are facing south.

1. O is second from one end and faces south.

2. X is sitting third to the left from O.

Thus, O is 2^nd from left end.

3. Neighbors of X are facing south.

4. P do not sit at any of the extreme ends.

5. Immediate neighbors of P face north.

Thus, there are two cases formed.

Case I:

Case II:

6. U is third to the left of W.

Thus, Case I is eliminated as there is no space where U and W can be placed.

In case II two probable cases can be formed.

Case II (a):

Case II (b): 

7. V sits immediate left of Z.

8. Immediate neighbours of Y faces south.

Thus, case II (a) gets eliminated as there is no place for V and Z.

Case II (b):

Thus, Y is an immediate neighbour of O and U.

Eight persons O, X, Y, P, W, Z, V and U are sitting in a line.

Some of them are facing north and some of them are facing south.

1. O is second from one end and faces south.

2. X is sitting third to the left from O.

Thus, O is 2^nd from left end.

3. Neighbors of X are facing south.

4. P do not sit at any of the extreme ends.

5. Immediate neighbors of P face north.

Thus, there are two cases formed.

Case I:

Case II:

6. U is third to the left of W.

Thus, Case I is eliminated as there is no space where U and W can be placed.

In case II two probable cases can be formed.

Case II (a):

Case II (b): 

7. V sits immediate left of Z.

8. Immediate neighbors of Y faces south.

Thus, case II (a) gets eliminated as there is no place for V and Z.

Case II (b):

Thus, O sits between W and Y.

Eight persons O, X, Y, P, W, Z, V and U are sitting in a line.

Some of them are facing north and some of them are facing south.

1. O is second from one end and faces south.

2. X is sitting third to the left from O.

Thus, O is 2^nd from left end.

3. Neighbors of X are facing south.

4. P do not sit at any of the extreme ends.

5. Immediate neighbors of P face north.

Thus, there are two cases formed.

Case I:

Case II:

6. U is third to the left of W.

Thus, Case I is eliminated as there is no space where U and W can be placed.

In case II two probable cases can be formed.

Case II (a):

Case II (b): 

7. V sits immediate left of Z.

8. Immediate neighbors of Y faces south.

Thus, case II (a) gets eliminated as there is no place for V and Z.

Case II (b):

Thus, position of V with respect to Y cannot be determined as the direction of Y is not specified.

Eight persons O, X, Y, P, W, Z, V and U are sitting in a line.

Some of them are facing north and some of them are facing south.

1. O is second from one end and faces south.

2. X is sitting third to the left from O.

Thus, O is 2^nd from left end.

3. Neighbors of X are facing south.

4. P do not sit at any of the extreme ends.

5. Immediate neighbors of P face north.

Thus, there are two cases formed.

Case I:

Case II:

6. U is third to the left of W.

Thus, Case I is eliminated as there is no space where U and W can be placed.

In case II two probable cases can be formed.

Case II (a):

Case II (b): 

7. V sits immediate left of Z.

8. Immediate neighbors of Y faces south.

Thus, case II (a) gets eliminated as there is no place for V and Z.

Case II (b):

Thus, there are 3 persons between Y and V.