English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is: Support.

Key Points

• The word "Impute" means to attribute or assign something, especially a fault or wrongdoing, to someone or something. (आरोप लगाना)
• Example: The manager imputed the delay to the workers' lack of efficiency.
• "Support" refers to providing assistance, backing, or help to someone or something, which is the opposite of blaming or attributing faults. (समर्थन)
• Example: She supported her friend during the difficult times, ensuring he never felt alone.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Impute' is 'Support'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Support.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Energetic (ऊर्जावान): Full of energy, enthusiasm, or vitality.
• Example: The energetic child kept running around the playground for hours.
• Cheerful (प्रसन्न): Noticeably happy and optimistic.
• Example: Her cheerful attitude always brightens up the room.
• Lively (जीवंत): Full of life and energy; active and outgoing.
• Example: The lively music at the party kept everyone dancing all night.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The term "cold-chain logistics" refers to the system of storing and transporting vaccines at controlled temperatures to ensure their effectiveness. (नियंत्रित तापमान पर टीकों का परिवहन और भंडारण)
• Vaccines must remain at precise temperatures from manufacturing to inoculation to prevent them from losing potency.
• Cold-chain logistics typically involve refrigerators, insulated containers, and monitoring equipment.
• Example: Solar-powered refrigerators are essential in remote areas to maintain the cold chain for vaccines.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: Selling vaccines in cold climates (ठंडे मौसम में टीके बेचना) – Incorrect; cold-chain logistics refers to controlled temperature transport, not climate-specific selling.
• Option 3: Developing new vaccine formulas (नई टीका फॉर्मूले विकसित करना) – Incorrect; this is about vaccine creation, not storage or transport.
• Option 4: Distributing medicines door-to-door (दवाइयों का घर-घर वितरण) – Incorrect; cold-chain logistics specifically involves temperature-controlled transport, not general distribution.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Vaccines require precise temperature control from manufacturing to inoculation to maintain potency. (टीका क्षमता)
• Cold-chain management is crucial, especially in remote locations without regular electricity supply. (ठंडी श्रृंखला प्रबंधन)
• Solar-powered refrigerators and insulated containers provide continuous cooling for vaccines in such areas. (सौर-शक्ति युक्त रेफ्रिजरेटर)
• These tools help ensure that vaccines remain effective until administered. (टीकों की प्रभावशीलता बनाए रखना)

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Air-conditioned cars (एयर-कंडीशन्ड कारें) – Not practical for remote areas and cannot provide continuous cooling.
• Option 3: Vaccine-heated containers (टीका-तापित कंटेनर) – Heating vaccines destroys their potency, making this option incorrect.
• Option 4: Underground storage (भूमिगत भंडारण) – May provide some insulation but does not guarantee precise temperature control required for vaccines.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Vaccine hesitancy refers to the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite availability of vaccines. (टीका लेने में हिचकिचाहट)
• According to the passage, a major reason for vaccine hesitancy is misinformation spread among the public. (जनता में फैली गलत जानकारी)
• Cold-chain failures or lack of refrigerators affect vaccine storage but are not the primary reason for hesitancy. (ठंडे भंडारण की असफलताएँ)
• Overproduction of vaccines does not influence people's willingness to vaccinate. (टीकों का अधिक उत्पादन)

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Lack of refrigerators (रेफ्रिजरेटर की कमी) – Impacts vaccine storage in remote areas but does not directly cause hesitancy.
• Option 3: Cold-chain failures (ठंडे भंडारण की असफलताएँ) – A logistical issue affecting vaccine efficacy, not public reluctance.
• Option 4: Overproduction (अधिक उत्पादन) – Producing more vaccines than needed does not influence people's willingness to get vaccinated.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses public-education initiatives aimed at addressing vaccine hesitancy and promoting herd immunity.
• It mentions radio broadcasts, social media, and school programs as strategies used for public education.
• There is no mention of providing financial incentives as part of these public-education initiatives.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Radio broadcasts – Mentioned as a medium to disseminate information about vaccination campaigns. (रेडियो प्रसारण)
• Option 2: Social-media influencers – The passage refers broadly to social media platforms to spread awareness. (सोशल मीडिया)
• Option 3: School programs – Educational initiatives through schools are cited as a way to reach children and families. (स्कूल कार्यक्रम)

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that universal immunization campaigns have been successful due to accessibility (cold-chain logistics, solar-powered refrigerators) and clear communication (door-to-door education, public awareness campaigns).
• Herd immunity is hindered by vaccine hesitancy, which can be overcome by educating the public through media and community initiatives.
• Hence, protecting public health requires equitable access to vaccines and transparent, open communication to maintain public trust in science.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Eliminate door-to-door visits – Incorrect; the passage highlights door-to-door interactions as crucial for educating households. (गलत)
• Option 2: Halt solar-powered technology – Incorrect; solar-powered refrigerators are vital for vaccine storage in remote locations. (गलत)
• Option 4: Focus solely on urban areas – Incorrect; the passage stresses the need for accessibility in remote locations as well, not just urban areas. (गलत)

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) primarily provide financial services to individuals who are excluded from the traditional banking system, especially in rural areas. (परंपरागत बैंकिंग प्रणाली से बाहर रहने वाले व्यक्तियों को वित्तीय सेवाएँ प्रदान करना)
• They extend small loans and savings accounts to empower entrepreneurs, often women, to start or expand microenterprises.
• MFIs also offer financial education to help borrowers manage cash flows and interest charges, promoting financial literacy and inclusion.
• Thus, the core function is not about charging high interest, providing large corporate loans, or regulating national monetary policy.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Charge high interest rates to rural borrowers (ग्रामीण उधारकर्ताओं से उच्च ब्याज दर वसूलना) – This is a criticism sometimes associated with MFIs, not their primary function.
• Option 2: Provide large corporate loans (बड़ी कॉर्पोरेट ऋण प्रदान करना) – MFIs focus on microloans, not corporate financing.
• Option 4: Regulate national monetary policy (राष्ट्रीय मौद्रिक नीति का नियमन करना) – This is the role of central banks, not MFIs.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The word "microenterprises" refers to very small-scale businesses or entrepreneurial ventures, often initiated with the help of microloans. (सूक्ष्म/लघु व्यवसाय)
• Example: The microfinance loan helped her start a small tailoring microenterprise in her village.
• In the passage, microenterprises are described as ventures like poultry farming, handloom weaving, or tiny retailing outlets that are often run by women in rural areas.
• Hence, the word "microenterprises" most nearly means "Small-scale businesses".

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Multinational corporations (बहुराष्ट्रीय निगम) – Large international companies; does not fit the context of small rural businesses.
• Option 3: Government agencies (सरकारी एजेंसियां) – Organizations run by the government; unrelated to small entrepreneurial ventures.
• Option 4: Family-owned farms (पारिवारिक कृषि फार्म) – Specific type of business; too narrow compared to the broader term “microenterprises”.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) do more than just provide loans; they also empower borrowers by enhancing their financial knowledge. (वित्तीय साक्षरता प्रशिक्षण)
• They regularly offer training to borrowers on managing cash flows, understanding interest charges, and handling repayment schedules effectively.
• Such financial literacy ensures that borrowers make informed decisions and reduce the risk of over-indebtedness.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Granting land titles (भूमि शीर्षक प्रदान करना) – Not mentioned in the passage as a benefit of MFIs.
• Option 3: Tax exemptions (कर में छूट) – Not discussed in the context of MFIs in the passage.
• Option 4: Import-export facilitation (आयात-निर्यात सुविधा) – No reference made to MFIs providing this service.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide small loans and financial services to people without access to traditional banks.
• MFIs empower borrowers, especially women, to start or expand microenterprises.
• Critics highlight a key issue: high interest rates and repayment pressure can lead to over-indebtedness.
• Some MFIs try to mitigate this by limiting interest rates and extending repayment terms.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "It fails to reach women borrowers" – Incorrect, passage mentions women are often the primary beneficiaries.
• Option 2: "It offers only savings accounts" – Incorrect, passage states MFIs offer both loans and savings accounts.
• Option 4: "It mandates market linkages" – Incorrect, market linkages are suggested as beneficial, not mandated.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide small loans and financial education to underserved populations in rural areas.
• MFIs empower entrepreneurs, often women, to start or grow microenterprises such as poultry farming, handloom weaving, and retail outlets.
• Sustainable economic impact occurs when microfinance is combined with additional support mechanisms like market linkages, ensuring borrowers have guaranteed buyers for their products.
• Excessive interest rates or short loan tenures alone do not guarantee sustainable growth and may lead to over-indebtedness.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: High interest rates – (उच्च ब्याज दरें) Excessive rates can lead to over-indebtedness, not sustainable growth.
• Option 3: Shorter loan tenures – (छोटे ऋण अवधि) May increase repayment pressure without supporting long-term economic stability.
• Option 4: Government bailouts – (सरकारी सहायता) Not mentioned in the passage as a factor for sustainable microfinance impact.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The word "fulfilled" means feeling satisfied and happy because you are achieving your potential or doing meaningful work. (संतुष्ट)
• Example: She felt fulfilled after completing her community project that helped underprivileged children.
• In the context of the passage, some young professionals are drawn to work that aligns with their personal values and gives them a sense of purpose and satisfaction.
• Other options do not convey the intended sense of meaningful satisfaction: "challenged" refers to difficulty, "comfortable" refers to ease, and "proud" refers to feeling pride.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Additional Information

• Challenged (चुनौतीपूर्ण) – Refers to being tested or facing difficulties. Example: The new project challenged her skills, but it did not provide long-term satisfaction.
• Comfortable (आरामदायक) – Refers to ease or lack of difficulty. Example: He chose a comfortable job with less stress, but it lacked purpose.
• Proud (गर्वित) – Refers to a feeling of pride or accomplishment. Example: She was proud of her achievement, yet it did not make her feel truly fulfilled.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the importance of aligning career choices with personal values and interests.
• Ignoring one's true interests while pursuing financial stability can result in negative consequences over time.
• The word burnout refers to a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. (थकावट / मानसिक तनाव)
• Example: Working long hours without rest can lead to burnout among employees.
• Other options like success, freedom, or boredom do not appropriately capture the long-term negative effect mentioned in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Success (सफलता) – Positive outcome; opposite of the intended negative consequence.
• Option 3: Freedom (स्वतंत्रता) – Not relevant in the context of long-term career dissatisfaction.
• Option 4: Boredom (उदासी / बोरियत) – Mild dissatisfaction; does not capture the intensity of long-term stress or exhaustion implied in the passage.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The blank (3) in the passage refers to the careful consideration needed before making career changes.
• The sentence states: "However, such a path requires careful _______", implying a thoughtful, deliberate process.
• Among the options, planning best fits the context, as impulsive shifts without planning can lead to regret.
• Other options like luck, hesitation, or risk do not convey the necessary deliberate and strategic action implied by the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: luck – (भाग्य): Does not imply deliberate decision-making.
• Option 2: hesitation – (हिचकिचाहट): Suggests indecision, not strategic action.
• Option 4: risk – (जोखिम): Indicates potential danger but not the careful thought required.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses how young professionals balance financial stability with personal interests.
• The blank (4) refers to a factor to evaluate in a career beyond income, purpose, and growth.
• The most appropriate word is stability as it fits with the context of long-term job security and career satisfaction.
• Other options like comfort, loyalty, or attitude do not convey the intended meaning of sustained security in a job.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Comfort – (सुविधा) Refers to ease or relaxation; not directly related to evaluating a career.
• Option 2: Loyalty – (निष्ठा) Refers to faithfulness, which is not the intended meaning in the context.
• Option 4: Attitude – (रवैया) Refers to mindset or behavior; does not fit the context of job evaluation for security.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that modern professionals seek not only financial stability but also personal satisfaction in their careers.
• The word in blank (5) should reflect a quality that makes life fulfilling and meaningful, complementing security and stability.
• Option 3: rewarding (संतोषजनक) correctly conveys this idea, indicating that the life built is fulfilling and satisfying.
• Other options like wealthy, creative, or routine either focus solely on financial gain, innovation, or monotony, which do not capture the sense of holistic fulfillment.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: wealthy (धनवान) – Focuses only on financial status, not holistic fulfillment.
• Option 2: creative (रचनात्मक) – While important, it does not capture overall life satisfaction.
• Option 4: routine (नियमित/साधारण) – Suggests monotony, opposite of a fulfilling life.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. QPRS.

Key Points

• The opening sentence states that the Earth's climate has changed over centuries.
• Sentence Q logically follows because it explains the historical reason for climate change: natural causes.
• Sentence P begins with "But", which creates a clear contrast between historical natural changes and the cause of current warming.
• After introducing human actions in P, sentence R gives a specific example: burning fossil fuels increases greenhouse gases.
• Sentence S then gives another human activity that worsens the problem: deforestation.
• Finally, sentence 6, "This calls for urgent action," concludes the discussion by referring to the human-caused warming and its consequences.

Correct sequence: 1 → Q → P → R → S → 6

Correct sentence: The Earth's climate has changed over centuries. Historically, it changed due to natural causes. But current warming is caused by human actions. Burning fossil fuels increases greenhouse gases. Deforestation worsens the problem. This calls for urgent action.

Therefore, the correct answer is '1' i.e. QPRS.

Additional Information

• Q → P: Q discusses natural causes of historical climate change, while P contrasts this with the human causes of current warming.
• P → R: P introduces human actions, and R immediately provides burning fossil fuels as a specific example.
• R → S: R identifies one human activity, and S adds another activity—deforestation—that worsens the problem.
• S → 6: After presenting the major human causes, the concluding sentence appropriately states that urgent action is required.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The sentence uses the correlative conjunction "Neither...nor" to connect two subjects: "Ramesh" and "his friends."
• When two subjects are joined by "Neither...nor," the verb agrees with the subject closer to it (in this case, "his friends").
• Since "his friends" is plural, the verb should also be plural.
• The incorrect phrase is "is willing to join"; it should be replaced with "are willing to join."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "Neither Ramesh nor his friends are willing to join."

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "They serve food to the guests."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "food" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "serve" to "is served" (present simple passive).
• Add the preposition "by" followed by the original subject "them."
• Ensure that the phrase "to the guests" remains in the sentence for clarity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "Food was served to the guests." – Incorrect because the tense changes to past simple.
• Option 3: "Food is being served by them." – Incorrect because the tense changes to present continuous.
• Option 4: "Food has served by them." – Incorrect because of incorrect verb form.

The correct answer is: Negligent.

Key Points

• The word "meticulous" means showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise. (अत्यंत सावधानीपूर्वक)
• Example: She is meticulous in her preparation for the exams, ensuring every detail is perfect.
• "Negligent" refers to failing to take proper care in doing something; careless. (लापरवाह)
• Example: The employee was negligent in completing his tasks, which caused delays in the project.
• Hence, the opposite of 'meticulous' is 'negligent'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Negligent.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Thorough (संपूर्ण): Extremely attentive to accuracy and detail.
• Example: She conducted a thorough investigation into the matter.
• Precise (सटीक ): Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail.
• Example: The measurements provided were precise and accurate.
• Careful (सावधान): Making sure to avoid potential danger, harm, or mistakes.
• Example: Be careful while crossing the busy road.