SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 06 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

The code for "F" is "6".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The least possible venn diagram of the given statements is:

Some rooms are in House,

Some rooms are in hotels are other places as well.

Shirt is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Given: ELECTRIC 

Thus, the only one letter remains unchanged is "C".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here:

Logic: The shaded part is moving to the next step.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Taking dice positions:

E are common, moving clockwise from the common Letterr:

Pair of opposite Letter:

E - D

A - B

C - F

So, the opposite LETTER to D is E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The hidden image of the give figure is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given: Seven people, E, F, G, H, K, L and N, are sitting in a row facing north (but not necessarily in the same order).

L sits to the immediate left of K. No one sits to the right of E. Only two people sit between E and L.

Only three people sit between G and K.  N sits to the immediate right of H .

Thus, The two people sit between F and N.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

For, MQTR is related to SWZX

For, QUXV is related to WADB.

Similarly,

TXAY is related to ?

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: (35 P 2) Q 5 S (86 Q 2) R (3 P 15) S 90 = ?

Decoding signs:

(35 P 2) Q 5 S (86 Q 2) R (3 P 15) S 90 = ?

⇒ (35 × 2) ÷  5 + (86 ÷  2) - (3 × 15) + 90 = ?

⇒ 70 ÷ 5 + 43 - 45 + 90 = ?

⇒ 14 + 43 - 45 + 90 = ?

⇒ 147 - 45 = 102.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: V_ Y Z V W X _ _ _ X Y Z V_ X_ Z

Option 1) WXZYVWYW → V W X Y Z / V W X Z  Y /  V  W  X Y Z / V Y X W Z

Option 2) XWZYWVWY → V X W Y Z / V W X Z  Y /  W  V  X Y Z/  V W X Y Z

Option 3) XWYZWVYW → V X W Y Z/ V W X Y  Z /  W  V  X Y Z / V Y X W Z

Option 4) WXYZVWWY →  V W X Y Z/ V W X Y  Z / V  W  X Y Z /  V W X Y Z, Here it follow the pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Let's check options one by one:

Option 1) JNP

Option 2) HLN

Option 3) TXZ

Option 4) NRV

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Statements:

All colours are reds.

All colours are blacks.

All colours are paints.

The least possible venn diagram is given:

Conclusions:

(I) All reds are paints - False(because, All colours are reds. All colours are blacks. All colours are paints, it implies that some red are paint, so it can be possible only).

(II) Some paints are blacks - True(because, (because, All colours are reds. All colours are blacks. All colours are paints, it implies that some paints are black).

Thus, Only conclusion (II) follows

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

The code for "T" is "7".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: D, L, P, Q, and E are sitting in a circular table facing the centre (but not necessarily in the same order).

P is an immediate neighbour of both Q and E. L is sitting to the immediate left of E.

 Q is is an immediate neighbour of both P and D.

Thus, Q and L are the immediate neighbours of D

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

For, MC 5 is related to PF 10 

For,  HQ 20 is related to KT 25

Similarly,

JW 30 is related to KT ?

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:  ' S < H : A ! M / E'

S < H : A ! M / E: It means that S is the son of H, H is the wife of A, A is the brother of M, M is the father of E.

Thus, S is the Father's brother's son of E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The unfolded of the paper and cutting will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The Correct answer is A close and long-term interaction between different species.

Key Points

• Symbiosis is defined as a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological species.
• The term originates from Greek, where "sym" means "together" and "biosis" means "living."
• It can be classified into different types based on the nature of the interaction:
• Mutualism: Both species benefit from the interaction. For example, bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar.
• Commensalism: One species benefits while the other remains unaffected. An example is barnacles attaching to whales.
• Parasitism: One species benefits at the expense of the other. For instance, ticks feeding on the blood of mammals.
• Symbiosis is essential for the balance of ecosystems, as it allows species to adapt and survive in dynamic environments.
• Examples of symbiotic relationships include:
• Mycorrhizal fungi and plants, where fungi help plants absorb nutrients in exchange for carbohydrates.
• Clownfish and sea anemones, where clownfish get protection from predators while anemones get cleaned of debris.
• Symbiosis plays a critical role in evolution, ecology, and biodiversity, influencing species development and ecosystem interactions.

Additional Information

• Random movement of organisms in their habitat
• This refers to the independent movement of organisms without a specific pattern or direction.
• It is not related to symbiosis but is instead a part of behaviors like foraging or dispersal.
• The process of photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy.
• It involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
• While photosynthesis is a fundamental ecological process, it is not directly related to symbiosis.
• Competition between organisms for resources
• Competition is an ecological interaction where organisms fight for limited resources like food, shelter, or mates.
• It can occur within a species (intraspecific) or between different species (interspecific).
• Unlike symbiosis, competition does not usually involve a mutually beneficial interaction.

The Correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• According to the Census of India 2011, Kerala recorded the lowest population growth rate among all Indian states.
• The population growth rate of Kerala stood at 4.91%, which is significantly lower compared to other states.
• Kerala's low population growth rate is primarily attributed to its high literacy rate, better healthcare facilities, and widespread awareness of family planning.
• Kerala is known for its progressive social indicators, such as the highest literacy rate in India (around 93.91% as per Census 2011) and one of the lowest infant mortality rates.
• The state has implemented effective government policies and programs that focus on improving the quality of life, which indirectly impacts population growth.
• Kerala also exhibits a high level of urbanization and better gender equality, which contribute to its lower population growth rate.
• Despite the low growth rate, Kerala is still densely populated, with a population density of 859 people per square kilometer (Census 2011).

Additional Information

• Bihar
• Bihar had the highest population growth rate in India as per the Census 2011, with a growth rate of 25.42%.
• The high population growth in Bihar is attributed to factors such as low literacy rates, lack of widespread awareness about family planning, and socio-economic challenges.
• Bihar is also characterized by a high fertility rate, which significantly contributes to its population growth.
• Haryana
• Haryana had a population growth rate of 19.90% as per the Census 2011.
• The state has witnessed steady population growth due to factors such as industrialization and increasing urbanization.
• Haryana's proximity to the National Capital Region (NCR) has also contributed to its population increase.
• Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu recorded a population growth rate of 15.61% as per the Census 2011.
• The state's population growth rate is moderate, influenced by its high literacy rate and progressive healthcare initiatives.
• Tamil Nadu has a higher level of urbanization compared to many other states, which contributes to stabilized population growth.

The Correct answer is Government of India Act.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced the system of dyarchy in the provinces of British India.
• Under the system of dyarchy, the provincial subjects were divided into two categories: “Transferred” and “Reserved” subjects.
• The “Transferred subjects” were administered by ministers appointed from elected members of the provincial legislative councils, while the “Reserved subjects” were administered by the Governor and his Executive Council.
• This act aimed to introduce limited self-governance and prepare Indians for eventual self-rule, as per the promise made by Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, in his August 1917 Declaration.
• The act also expanded the provincial legislative councils and introduced separate electorates for different communities, including Muslims, Sikhs, and Anglo-Indians.
• This was a significant step in the gradual devolution of power from the British to Indian hands, although it was criticized for being insufficient and maintaining British dominance in key areas.

Additional Information

• Vernacular Press Act
• The Vernacular Press Act was enacted in 1878 by Lord Lytton to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language press.
• This act aimed to suppress the criticism of British policies by Indian vernacular newspapers.
• It allowed the government to confiscate the printing press, paper, and other materials of any publication that published anti-British content.
• The act was highly controversial and led to widespread opposition, eventually being repealed in 1881 by Lord Ripon.
• Indian Councils Act
• The Indian Councils Act of 1892 increased the size of the legislative councils and allowed for the discussion of the budget.
• This act also introduced the concept of indirect elections to legislative councils.
• Although a step forward, it was limited in scope and did not grant significant powers to the councils.
• Rowlatt Act
• The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 and gave the British government sweeping powers to suppress political activities.
• It allowed for the arrest and detention of individuals without trial and curtailed civil liberties such as freedom of expression.
• This act led to widespread protests, including the infamous Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

The Correct answer is PC Mahalanobis.

Key Points

• PC Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician and economist known for his significant contributions to the field of statistics and economic planning in India.
• He is often referred to as the ‘Father of Indian Statistics’ for his pioneering work in applying statistical methods to socio-economic planning.
• The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) focused on the development of the industrial sector in India and was based on the Mahalanobis Model.
• The Mahalanobis Model gave priority to the establishment of basic industries such as steel, heavy machinery, and heavy electrical equipment, which were vital for long-term economic growth.
• He founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931, which became a hub for research in statistical methods and their application in economic planning.
• The model emphasized the role of capital goods industries and aimed to reduce dependence on imports by promoting self-reliance through industrialization.
• PC Mahalanobis was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India’s second-highest civilian honor, in 1968 for his contributions to economic planning and statistics.

Additional Information

• JM Keynes
• John Maynard Keynes was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics.
• He is most well-known for his work in developing Keynesian economics, which emphasizes the role of government intervention in stabilizing the economy during recessions.
• His seminal work, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money", introduced concepts like aggregate demand and fiscal policy.
• Although his ideas influenced global economic policy, he was not directly involved in India’s Five-Year Plans.
• CD Deshmukh
• Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh was the first Indian to serve as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), from 1943 to 1949.
• He later served as India’s Finance Minister from 1950 to 1956, playing a key role in shaping India’s economic policies.
• While he contributed to India’s economic development, he was not the architect of the Second Five-Year Plan.
• JK Mehta
• Jagdish Karunesh Mehta was an Indian economist known for his work in the field of philosophical economics.
• He developed the concept of the ‘Wantlessness Curve’, which focused on utility and human welfare.
• His contributions were more theoretical and were not directly related to the practical framework of the Second Five-Year Plan.

The Correct answer is Chandra and Bhaga.

Key Points

• The Chandra and Bhaga rivers originate from the Bara-lacha La Pass in the Lahaul-Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh.
• These rivers flow in opposite directions before meeting at Tandi, near Keylong, in Himachal Pradesh.
• After their confluence, they together form the Chenab River, which is one of the five major rivers of the Indus River system.
• The Chenab River flows through Jammu and Kashmir before entering Pakistan, where it ultimately joins the Indus River.
• The region where Chandra and Bhaga meet is known for its breathtaking natural beauty and is a significant point of interest for tourists and trekkers.
• The area around Tandi is located in the Lahaul Valley, which is known for its rugged terrain, cold desert climate, and Buddhist monasteries.

Additional Information

• Bindusara and Sabari
• Bindusara is a small river that flows in the state of Maharashtra and is a tributary of the Godavari river.
• Sabari, on the other hand, is a tributary of the Godavari River and flows through Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh.
• These rivers do not meet at Tandi or anywhere in Himachal Pradesh.
• Panzara and Waghur
• Panzara and Waghur are rivers that flow in the state of Maharashtra.
• They are tributaries of the Tapti River.
• These rivers are located far from Himachal Pradesh and do not meet at Tandi.
• Penuganga and Warda
• Penuganga and Warda are tributaries of the Godavari River.
• They flow through the states of Maharashtra and Telangana.
• These rivers are geographically distant from the Lahaul-Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh.

The Correct answer is Annpurna Devi.

Key Points

• Annpurna Devi was appointed as the Union Minister of Women and Child Development in June 2024.
• She is a prominent political leader from Jharkhand, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• She has been actively involved in policy-making and implementation related to the welfare and development of women and children.
• The Ministry of Women and Child Development focuses on child nutrition, women empowerment, protection of children, and childcare services.
• Her leadership in the ministry is expected to address key issues such as gender equality, child rights, and nutrition programs.
• Annpurna Devi has a strong track record in promoting educational reforms and social welfare initiatives in her previous roles.

Additional Information

• Nirmala Sitharaman
• Nirmala Sitharaman is the current Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs in India.
• She is the first full-time woman Finance Minister of India.
• She has played a crucial role in implementing economic policies, taxation reforms, and budgetary allocations in India.
• Her leadership has been instrumental in the execution of programs like Atmanirbhar Bharat and other fiscal measures during the pandemic.
• Anupriya Patel
• Anupriya Patel is a Member of Parliament and a leader of the Apna Dal (Sonelal), an ally of BJP.
• She has previously served as the Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare in India.
• Anupriya Patel's contributions have been focused on healthcare policies, rural health initiatives, and family welfare programs.
• Raksha Nikhil Khadse
• Raksha Nikhil Khadse is a politician from Maharashtra and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
• She has served as a Member of Parliament, focusing on issues related to agriculture, rural development, and women's rights.
• Her contributions have been significant in addressing local governance and rural challenges.

The correct answer is Shutudri.

Key Points

• Shutudri is the Vedic name of the modern-day Sutlej River.
• It is one of the rivers mentioned in the Sapta Sindhu (Seven Rivers) in the Rigveda.
• The Sutlej originates from the Rakshastal Lake near Mount Kailash in Tibet, which is considered sacred in both Hinduism and Buddhism.
• In the Vedic period, the river held significant importance for the Indus Valley Civilization as it was a major source of water and fertile land.
• The Sutlej is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the Punjab region and is a tributary of the Indus River.
• It is an essential part of the Indus Water Treaty, signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, which governs the distribution of water from the Indus River and its tributaries.
• The Sutlej is also important for the construction of several dams and hydroelectric projects, such as the Bhakra Nangal Dam, which is one of the largest multipurpose projects in India.

Additional Information

• Purushini
• Purushini is the Vedic name of the Ravi River.
• The Ravi River is another of the Sapta Sindhu rivers mentioned in the Rigveda.
• It originates from the Bara Bhangal region of Himachal Pradesh and flows through India and Pakistan.
• Askini
• Askini is the Vedic name of the Chenab River.
• The Chenab is also part of the Sapta Sindhu and originates from the Baralacha Pass in Himachal Pradesh.
• The river flows through Jammu and Kashmir, India, and into Pakistan, contributing significantly to the Indus River system.
• Vitasta
• Vitasta is the Vedic name of the Jhelum River.
• The Jhelum originates from a spring at Verinag in Jammu and Kashmir.
• It has significant historical and cultural importance, especially in the Kashmir Valley.

The Correct answer is Camphor.

Key Points

• Camphor is a white, crystalline compound that has a strong, pungent aroma and taste.
• It is commonly obtained from the wood of the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), which is native to Asia.
• The compound is purified by the process of sublimation, where it transitions directly from a solid to a gaseous state without passing through a liquid phase.
• Camphor is widely used for its medicinal properties, such as in the treatment of coughs, colds, and skin irritations.
• It is also used in religious rituals and as a key ingredient in some aromatic products, such as incense and balms.
• Camphor has a cooling effect and is used in topical applications to relieve pain and inflammation.
• Its strong aroma is effective in repelling insects, making it a common choice for use in mothballs and insect repellents.

Additional Information

• Lye
• Lye is a strong alkaline compound, primarily composed of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).
• It is commonly used in the production of soap, cleaning agents, and in food preparation, such as curing olives and making pretzels.
• Lye is highly corrosive and does not possess the aromatic properties or the ability to undergo sublimation like camphor.
• Caustic Potash
• Caustic Potash is another name for potassium hydroxide (KOH), a strong base.
• It is used in soap making, fertilizers, batteries, and as an electrolyte in certain applications.
• Unlike camphor, it does not exhibit a strong aroma or undergo sublimation.
• Soda Ash
• Soda Ash, also known as sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), is a water-soluble salt.
• It is primarily used in the production of glass, detergents, and paper.
• Soda Ash lacks the characteristic strong aroma and sublimation properties of camphor.

The Correct answer is To inform and attract customers.

Key Points

• Advertising plays a crucial role in trade by creating awareness and demand for products and services.
• It helps businesses to inform customers about the availability, features, and benefits of products and services.
• Through advertisements, businesses can attract customers by appealing to their needs and desires, thus increasing sales.
• Promotional strategies such as TV ads, online campaigns, billboards, and social media influence the buying decisions of consumers.
• Advertising also helps in creating brand recognition and loyalty, which is essential for long-term success in trade.
• It acts as a bridge between producers and consumers, enabling the producers to communicate effectively about their offerings.
• In a competitive market, advertising is a tool to differentiate products and showcase unique selling propositions (USPs).
• It can also educate customers about new trends, innovations, and technologies, keeping them updated about the market.

Additional Information

• To transport goods
• Transportation is a distinct activity in trade that deals with moving goods from one place to another.
• It involves the use of logistics and infrastructure such as roadways, railways, airways, and shipping to ensure the delivery of goods.
• Transportation is critical for maintaining a smooth supply chain, but it is not the primary role of advertising.
• To produce goods
• Production refers to the process of creating goods and services using raw materials, labor, and machinery.
• This function is carried out in manufacturing units or industries, and advertising does not directly involve the production process.
• However, advertising can indirectly influence production by creating demand for specific products.
• To finance businesses
• Financing involves the management of funds and capital required for running a business.
• It includes activities such as obtaining loans, investments, or managing cash flow, which are separate from advertising.
• While advertising can boost revenue, it is not directly responsible for financing businesses.

The Correct answer is Lahore, Pakistan.

Key Points

• India won the inaugural edition of the SAARC Gold Cup Football tournament held in 1993.
• The event was hosted in Lahore, Pakistan, showcasing the significance of sports diplomacy within the SAARC region.
• The tournament was organized to foster regional cooperation and promote football among SAARC member nations.
• The SAARC Gold Cup Football tournament was a major step towards strengthening ties between South Asian countries.
• India's victory in the inaugural edition highlighted its prowess in football within South Asia during the early 1990s.
• The SAARC Gold Cup served as a platform to bring together teams from SAARC nations, such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives.
• The event became a symbol of unity and sportsmanship among South Asian countries.

Additional Information

• Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh.
• It has hosted several international sporting events, including the SAFF Championship and cricket tournaments.
• While Dhaka is a prominent location for sporting events within South Asia, it was not the host city for the 1993 SAARC Gold Cup Football tournament.
• Colombo, Sri Lanka
• Colombo is the largest city and the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
• It has a history of hosting various sports events, including cricket and football tournaments.
• The SAARC Gold Cup Football tournament was not held in Colombo during the inaugural edition in 1993.
• Patiala, India
• Patiala is located in the Indian state of Punjab.
• It is known for its Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NNIS), which plays a significant role in sports development in India.
• However, Patiala did not host the 1993 SAARC Gold Cup Football tournament.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• Mizoram recorded the highest literacy rate among the seven sister states of Northeast India as per the Census 2011.
• The literacy rate of Mizoram stood at 91.33%, which is significantly higher than the national average of India.
• This high literacy rate can be attributed to the state's emphasis on education policies and the active involvement of local communities in promoting education.
• The state has a well-established network of schools and institutions, even in remote areas.
• Missionary schools and the introduction of universal primary education have played a key role in improving literacy in Mizoram.
• English is widely used as a medium of instruction, and the state's inclination towards education has ensured better access to academic resources.
• Mizoram's literacy achievements reflect the state's commitment to empowerment through education, which has also contributed to its social development.

Additional Information

• Meghalaya
• Meghalaya had a literacy rate of 74.43% in the Census 2011.
• The state is known for its rich cultural heritage and natural beauty but faces challenges like infrastructure gaps in remote areas, which impact education.
• Manipur
• The literacy rate of Manipur as per Census 2011 was 76.94%.
• Manipur has shown consistent progress in education, but geographical constraints make access to schooling difficult in some regions.
• Nagaland
• Nagaland achieved a literacy rate of 79.55% in Census 2011.
• The state places emphasis on vocational training alongside formal education to cater to local employment needs.

The Correct answer is Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018.

Key Points

• The Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018 is related to the establishment of the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).
• This amendment introduced significant changes in the Indian Constitution by adding Article 338B and Article 342A.
• Article 338B specifies the structure, duties, and powers of the National Commission for Backward Classes.
• Article 342A empowers the President to specify the list of socially and educationally backward classes in consultation with the Governor of the respective state.
• The amendment granted constitutional status to the NCBC, which previously existed as a statutory body under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993.
• The NCBC is tasked with addressing grievances and ensuring the rights of the backward classes in India.
• This amendment aims to enhance the representation and upliftment of socially and educationally backward classes.
• The amendment is a landmark step toward ensuring social justice and equality for backward classes in India.

Additional Information

• Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
• This amendment is related to Right to Education.
• It introduced Article 21A, which made education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14 years.
• The amendment also made changes to Article 45 and Article 51A(k), emphasizing early childhood care and education.
• Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019
• This amendment abolished the provision for Anglo-Indian representation in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
• It extended the reservation for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in legislatures for another ten years, until 2030.
• Constitution (Eighty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2001
• This amendment relates to the readjustment of constituencies based on the population as per the 1991 Census.
• It also extended the freeze on the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies until 2026.

The Correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Shovana Narayan is one of the most renowned performers of Kathak, an Indian classical dance form. She is a recipient of the prestigious Padma Shri award for her contributions to this art form.
• Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in North India and is known for its intricate footwork, graceful movements, and expressive storytelling through gestures and facial expressions.
• The word Kathak is derived from the Sanskrit word "Katha" which means story. Historically, it was performed by traveling bards or storytellers who narrated tales from Indian epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
• Shovana Narayan has played a pivotal role in reviving and modernizing Kathak, blending traditional techniques with contemporary themes while maintaining its cultural essence.
• She has performed widely both in India and abroad, earning accolades for her skill, innovation, and dedication to preserving this classical dance form.
• In addition to being a Kathak maestro, Shovana Narayan is also known for her academic accomplishments and work as a civil servant, showcasing her versatility.

Additional Information

• Odissi
• Odissi is one of the oldest classical dance forms in India, originating from the state of Odisha.
• It is characterized by its graceful movements, sculpturesque poses, and intricate footwork.
• Odissi is deeply rooted in temple dance traditions and was originally performed as a form of offering to deities.
• Bharatanatyam
• Bharatanatyam is one of the most popular classical dance forms of South India, originating in Tamil Nadu.
• It is known for its fixed upper torso, bent legs, intricate hand gestures (mudras), and facial expressions.
• Bharatanatyam has a rich history and is considered a form of devotional expression performed in temples.
• Manipuri
• Manipuri is a classical dance form from the state of Manipur in Northeast India.
• It is known for its graceful, fluid movements and its association with themes of Vaishnavism, particularly stories of Radha and Krishna.
• The dance uses unique costumes, such as the Potloi (decorative skirt worn by female dancers).

The Correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• The festival of Sanjhi is primarily celebrated in the state of Punjab.
• Sanjhi is a traditional festival that involves the creation of decorative patterns and motifs using cow dung, colored powder, and flowers, typically on walls or floors.
• The festival is closely associated with the Navaratri celebrations, which signify devotion to the Goddess Durga.
• Sanjhi is particularly popular in rural areas and involves a strong sense of community, with women and young girls actively participating in the artistic decoration.
• The festival also includes songs, dances, and prayers dedicated to the goddess, making it a vibrant cultural tradition.
• It is believed to symbolize the victory of good over evil and is a way of paying homage to the goddess for protection and blessings.

Additional Information

• Gujarat
• Gujarat is famous for celebrating the festival of Navaratri with Garba and Dandiya Raas, which involve traditional dance forms performed during the nine nights of devotion.
• It is also known for other festivals like Uttarayan (Kite Festival) and Rath Yatra.
• Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu is known for festivals such as Pongal, which is celebrated to mark the harvest season.
• The state also celebrates Navaratri with the tradition of arranging Golu, a festive display of dolls and idols.
• Mizoram
• Mizoram is known for its unique tribal festivals like Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut, and Thalfavang Kut, which are closely tied to agricultural practices and tribal traditions.
• These festivals involve traditional dances, music, and feasting.

The Correct answer is Baiga dance.

Key Points

• Arjun Singh Dhurve was recognized with the Padma Shri Award in 2022 for his dedicated efforts in preserving and promoting the Baiga dance.
• The Baiga dance is a traditional and cultural dance form of the Baiga tribal community, primarily found in the central Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
• The dance is deeply rooted in the rituals and traditions of the Baiga tribe and is often performed during festivals, weddings, and other celebrations.
• The dance is notable for its graceful movements and the use of colorful traditional attire, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the Baiga community.
• By promoting the Baiga dance, Arjun Singh Dhurve has played a significant role in preserving the cultural identity of the Baiga tribal group and spreading awareness about their unique traditions.
• The recognition of his work through the Padma Shri highlights the importance of safeguarding tribal art forms as part of India’s cultural diversity.

Additional Information

• Pung Cholom dance
• The Pung Cholom is a traditional dance form of the Manipuri culture, performed mainly in the northeastern state of Manipur.
• This dance combines martial arts, acrobatics, and rhythmic drumming using a traditional percussion instrument called the Pung.
• It is often performed during religious festivals and is a key element of the Ras Leela dance-drama.
• Daph dance
• The Daph dance is a folk dance primarily from the northern Indian state of Haryana.
• The dance is performed in accompaniment with the Daph or Dafli instrument, a type of tambourine.
• It is often showcased during festivals and fairs and is a part of the rich folk traditions of North India.
• Mandjas dance
• The Mandjas dance is a lesser-known traditional dance form, often performed by tribal communities in specific regions of India.
• It incorporates folk elements and is typically performed during celebrations or rituals.

The Correct answer is Article 46.

Key Points

• Article 46 of the Indian Constitution is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• It directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of society, particularly the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST).
• The Article ensures special attention to these communities to reduce inequalities and provide social justice.
• Article 46 also prohibits any form of exploitation or discrimination against these weaker sections.
• The DPSPs, including Article 46, are non-justiciable in nature, meaning they are not enforceable by any court. However, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
• Major policies and schemes such as the Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme for SC/ST and Skill Development Programs are inspired by Article 46.
• This Article aligns with the broader goals of social equality and inclusive growth as envisioned in the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information

• Article 47
• Article 47 of the Indian Constitution enjoins the State to raise the level of nutrition, the standard of living, and public health of its people.
• It also includes a directive to prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs, except for medicinal purposes.
• Article 49
• Article 49 relates to the protection of monuments, places, and objects of national importance.
• The State is mandated to safeguard such sites from destruction, disfigurement, or damage.
• Article 48
• Article 48 directs the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
• It also advocates for the prohibition of the slaughter of cows, calves, and other milch and draught cattle.

The correct answer is All of a, b, and c.

Key Points

• Table Tennis, also known as ping-pong, originated in the late 19^th century as an indoor game.
• It was originally developed in England and was played as a parlor game by the upper class.
• The name “Gossima” was one of the earliest names for the game, used in the 1890s when it was marketed as a game with a light ball and small paddles.
• “Whiff-whaff” was another name given to table tennis, believed to have been coined due to the sound produced by the ball striking the paddles and table.
• The term “Ping-pong” became widely popular in the early 20^th century and was trademarked by game manufacturers, particularly Parker Brothers in the United States and J. Jaques & Son Ltd in England.
• These names represent the game's evolution and its growing popularity across different regions and cultures.
• The modern name “Table Tennis” was adopted later and became the official term for the sport as it gained international recognition.

Additional Information

• Gossima
• The name Gossima was used in the 1890s when the game was sold with lightweight balls and paddles covered in cloth.
• The equipment used during the Gossima era was different from modern table tennis, and the game was less standardized.
• Whiff-whaff
• Whiff-whaff is a playful name derived from the sound of the ball hitting the paddle and table.
• This name was popular in the late 19^th century and is associated with the informal, recreational origins of the game.
• Ping-pong
• Ping-pong is the most commonly recognized alternative name for table tennis.
• The term was trademarked by manufacturers, including Parker Brothers and J. Jaques & Son Ltd, leading to its widespread use in marketing.
• Over time, “Ping-pong” has become synonymous with casual or recreational play, while “Table Tennis” is used for professional and official contexts.

The Correct answer is CR Patil.

Key Points

• CR Patil, a prominent political figure, is currently serving as a Union Minister in the Government of India.
• He launched the Bhu-Neer portal in September 2024 as part of a government initiative aimed at improving water resource management.
• The Bhu-Neer portal is designed to provide comprehensive information and data related to groundwater resources across India.
• This portal helps in the monitoring, assessment, and planning of groundwater resources, ensuring their sustainable utilization.
• The launch of the portal aligns with the government's efforts to address challenges such as water scarcity and groundwater depletion.
• CR Patil has been actively involved in several developmental initiatives and policies during his tenure as a Union Minister.

Additional Information

• Raj Bhushan Choudhary
• No significant information related to the Bhu-Neer portal or groundwater management initiatives is associated with Raj Bhushan Choudhary.
• Pralhad Joshi
• Pralhad Joshi is the Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, Coal, and Mines. His primary focus is on sectors such as coal production and mining activities.
• He is not directly connected to the launch of the Bhu-Neer portal.
• V Somanna
• Veeranna Somanna is an Indian politician currently serving as Union Minister of State (MoS) in Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India.
• He has not been associated with the Union-level initiatives or the Bhu-Neer portal.

The Correct answer is city.

Key Points

• The first three digits of the Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) code represent the city where the bank branch is located.
• MICR is a 9-digit code used to identify the location and branch of a bank, enabling smooth and secure cheque processing.
• The MICR code is printed on cheques using magnetic ink, which allows for machine readability and reduces errors in processing.
• The MICR code structure is as follows:
• The first three digits represent the city (usually the PIN code prefix).
• The next three digits signify the bank.
• The last three digits indicate the specific branch.
• This coding system is particularly important for electronic clearing systems (ECS) and facilitates faster cheque clearance.
• For example, a MICR code starting with 110 indicates a bank located in Delhi, as 110 is the city PIN code prefix.
• The MICR system was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to streamline cheque processing and enhance banking efficiency.

Additional Information

• Branch
• The last three digits of the MICR code represent the branch of the bank.
• This helps in identifying the specific branch where the account is held.
• For instance, in a MICR code, if the last three digits are 002, it could refer to the Connaught Place branch of a bank in Delhi.
• Bank
• The middle three digits of the MICR code are used to identify the bank.
• This ensures that cheques are routed to the correct financial institution during clearance.
• For example, 500 may indicate a specific bank like State Bank of India.
• Country
• The MICR code does not include any specific digits for identifying the country in its structure.
• It is used within India for cheque processing and is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

The Correct answer is SP Balasubrahmanyam.

Key Points

• SP Balasubrahmanyam was a legendary Indian playback singer, music director, and voice actor, celebrated for his extraordinary contributions to Indian music.
• He was the recipient of all three major civilian awards in India: Padma Shri (2001), Padma Bhushan (2011), and Padma Vibhushan (2021).
• SP Balasubrahmanyam sang over 40,000 songs in multiple Indian languages, including Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi, and Malayalam.
• He holds the Guinness World Record for recording the highest number of songs by a singer.
• He collaborated with various renowned music directors such as Ilaiyaraaja, AR Rahman, MS Viswanathan, and many others.
• He was also known for his contribution as a dubbing artist and worked on several films, lending his voice to prominent actors.
• SP Balasubrahmanyam is considered one of the greatest playback singers in Indian cinema history, leaving behind a legacy of timeless music.

Additional Information

• Hariharan
• Hariharan is a renowned Indian playback and ghazal singer, known for his melodious voice and versatility.
• He is a recipient of the Padma Shri award in 2004 for his contributions to Indian music.
• Hariharan has sung in various languages and is particularly famous for his collaborations with the composer AR Rahman in Tamil and Hindi films.
• MM Keeravani
• MM Keeravani is an acclaimed Indian music composer and playback singer, widely recognized for his work in Telugu cinema.
• He is known internationally for composing the music for the blockbuster film RRR, which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song ("Naatu Naatu").
• He has received several awards, including National Film Awards and Filmfare Awards, but does not hold the three civilian awards mentioned in the question.
• AR Rahman
• AR Rahman is an Oscar-winning Indian music composer, singer, and songwriter, known for revolutionizing Indian film music.
• He is a recipient of the Padma Shri (2000) and Padma Bhushan (2010), but he has not received the Padma Vibhushan award.
• Rahman is globally recognized for his work on films like Slumdog Millionaire, Roja, and Dil Se.

Shortcut Trick

In a 'Buy X Get Y Free' scheme, the discount percentage is calculated on the total number of items obtained.

Discount % = [Free Items ÷ (Paid Items + Free Items)] × 100

⇒ Discount % = [5 ÷ (20 + 5)] × 100

⇒ Discount % = (5 ÷ 25) × 100 = 20%

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Paid items = 20

Free items = 5

Total 25 Pencils (Marked Price Basis)

20 Paid Pencils (Selling Price) 5 Free

Discount = 5 Free Pencils out of 25 Total Discount % = (5 ÷ 25) × 100 = 20%

Method Used:

Let the Marked Price (MP) of 1 pencil be ₹1.

Calculations:

⇒ Total items taken by the customer = 20 + 5 = 25 pencils.

⇒ Total Marked Price (MP) of 25 pencils = 25 × ₹1 = ₹25.

⇒ Since the customer pays only for 20 pencils, the Selling Price (SP) for all 25 pencils = 20 × ₹1 = ₹20.

⇒ Discount Amount = MP − SP = 25 − 20 = ₹5.

⇒ Discount Percentage = (Discount Amount ÷ MP) × 100

⇒ Discount Percentage = (5 ÷ 25) × 100 = 20%.

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Additional Information

Buy X Get Y Free Schemes

In these promotional offers, the base for calculating the discount percentage is always the total number of items obtained (X + Y), not just the paid items.

Successive Discounts

When two discounts d₁% and d₂% are given one after another, the effective discount is [d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂) ÷ 100]%.

Marked Price & Selling Price

The Selling Price (SP) is obtained after subtracting the discount from the Marked Price (MP). Formula: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Here, a = 36 and b = 9.

Required mean proportional = √(36 × 9)

⇒ √324 = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18.

Alternate Method

Given:

The given numbers are 36 and 9.

Formula Used:

If x is the mean proportional between a and b, then a : x :: x : b, which implies x² = a × b.

Product of Means = x × x

Product of Extremes = 36 × 9

36

x

x

9

: :: :

x × x = 324 → x = 18

Calculations:

Let the required mean proportional be x.

⇒ 36 : x :: x : 9

According to the property of proportions, the product of means equals the product of extremes.

⇒ x × x = 36 × 9

⇒ x² = 324

⇒ x = √324

⇒ x = 18

∴ The correct answer is 18.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

The third proportional c to two numbers a and b is given by c = b² ÷ a.

Fourth Proportional

The fourth proportional d to three numbers a, b, and c is given by a : b :: c : d, which implies d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Continued Proportion

Three non-zero quantities a, b, and c are in continued proportion if a : b :: b : c, making b the mean proportional and c the third proportional.

Shortcut Trick

Let the assumed average be ₹141 (Average of Group B).

Net deviation = [49 × (106 − 141)] + [35 × (141 − 141)] + [31 × (226 − 141)]

⇒ Net deviation = 49 × (−35) + 0 + 31 × 85 = −1715 + 2635 = +920

Average deviation = +920 ÷ (49 + 35 + 31) = +920 ÷ 115 = +8

Actual average = Assumed average + Average deviation = 141 + 8 = 149

∴ The correct answer is ₹149.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of members in Group A = 49, Average amount = ₹106

Number of members in Group B = 35, Average amount = ₹141

Number of members in Group C = 31, Average amount = ₹226

Formula Used:

Total Average = Total Amount ÷ Total Members

Group A 49 Members ₹106/member

Group B 35 Members ₹141/member

Group C 31 Members ₹226/member

Total Avg = ₹149

Calculations:

⇒ Total members = 49 + 35 + 31 = 115

⇒ Total amount spent by Group A = 49 × 106 = ₹5194

⇒ Total amount spent by Group B = 35 × 141 = ₹4935

⇒ Total amount spent by Group C = 31 × 226 = ₹7006

⇒ Total amount spent across all groups = 5194 + 4935 + 7006 = ₹17135

⇒ Total Average = 17135 ÷ 115 = ₹149

∴ The correct answer is ₹149.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

The combined average of different groups is found using the weighted average formula: A_w = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂ + ...) ÷ (n₁ + n₂ + ...).

Deviation Method (Assumed Mean)

This method simplifies calculations by choosing a central assumed average. True Average = Assumed Average + (Net Deviation ÷ Total Elements).

Properties of Averages

If every number in a dataset is increased, decreased, multiplied, or divided by a constant 'k', the new average will also undergo the same operation with the constant 'k'.

Shortcut Trick

Relative speed (opposite directions) = 60 + 50 = 110 km/h = 110 × 5/18 = 275/9 m/s

Total distance covered = Relative speed × Time = (275/9) × 44 = 12100/9 ≈ 1344.44 m

Length of second train = Total distance − Length of first train

Length of second train = 1344.44 − 430 = 914.44 m

∴ The correct answer is 914.44 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of Train 1 (S₁) = 60 km/h

Speed of Train 2 (S₂) = 50 km/h

Length of Train 1 (L₁) = 430 m

Time to cross each other = 44 seconds

Formula Used:

When two objects move in opposite directions, Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂

Total Distance = Speed × Time

When two trains cross each other, Total Distance = Sum of the lengths of the two trains.

Train 1 430 m

60 km/h

Train 2 L m

50 km/h

Crossing Time = 44 sec

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = 60 + 50 = 110 km/h

⇒ Relative Speed in m/s = 110 × (5/18) = 275/9 m/s

⇒ Total Distance = Length of Train 1 + Length of Train 2 = 430 + L₂

⇒ 430 + L₂ = Relative Speed × Time

⇒ 430 + L₂ = (275/9) × 44

⇒ 430 + L₂ = 12100 / 9

⇒ 430 + L₂ = 1344.44 m

⇒ L₂ = 1344.44 − 430

⇒ L₂ = 914.44 m

∴ The correct answer is 914.44 m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed

When two bodies are moving in the same direction, relative speed = |S₁ − S₂|. When moving in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Crossing a Pole or Point Object

When a train crosses a stationary pole or a standing man, the distance covered is exactly equal to the length of the train itself.

Speed Conversion

To convert a value from km/h to m/s, multiply it by 5/18. To convert from m/s back to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Given:

Expression to evaluate: 16 + 12 ÷ 4 - 3 × 3

Formula Used:

Follow the BODMAS rule: Brackets, Orders (i.e., powers and roots, etc.), Division and Multiplication (from left to right), Addition and Subtraction (from left to right).

Calculation:

Expression: 16 + 12 ÷ 4 - 3 × 3

⇒ 16 + 3 - 9

⇒ (16 + 3) - 9

⇒ 19 - 9

⇒ 10

The value of the expression is 10.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM(15, 20) = 60 units.

Efficiency of X = 60 ÷ 15 = 4 units/day, Efficiency of Y = 60 ÷ 20 = 3 units/day.

Work done in a 2-day cycle (X + Y alternately) = 4 + 3 = 7 units.

In 8 full cycles (16 days), work done = 8 × 7 = 56 units.

Remaining work = 60 − 56 = 4 units, which X completes exactly in 1 day (on the 17^th day).

∴ The correct answer is 17 days.

Alternate Method

⇒ Total work done in 1 cycle (2 days) = Efficiency of X + Efficiency of Y = 4 + 3 = 7 units.

⇒ Number of full cycles possible = 60 ÷ 7 = 8 cycles (with remainder).

⇒ Work completed in 8 cycles (8 × 2 = 16 days) = 8 × 7 = 56 units.

⇒ Remaining work = Total work − Work completed = 60 − 56 = 4 units.

⇒ On the 17^th day, it is X's turn to work.

⇒ Time taken by X to complete the remaining 4 units = Remaining work ÷ Efficiency of X = 4 ÷ 4 = 1 day.

⇒ Total time taken = 16 days + 1 day = 17 days.

∴ The correct answer is 17 days.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Working Concept

When individuals work on alternate days, calculate the combined work done in one complete cycle (usually 2 days for 2 people) and find the maximum full cycles before evaluating the remaining work turn by turn based on who started the work.

Work and Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of the total amount of work physically done by each individual. If they work for the same number of days, the ratio of their wages will exactly equal the ratio of their daily efficiencies.

Pipes and Cisterns (Alternating)

Similar to alternate working in Time & Work, if one pipe fills and another empties alternately, the net work in one cycle is the difference in their efficiencies. Caution is always needed for the final cycle to ensure the tank is not over-calculated once filled.

Shortcut Trick

Required number = HCF of (1657 − 6) and (2037 − 5)

⇒ HCF of 1651 and 2032

Difference between the numbers = 2032 − 1651 = 381

The HCF must be a factor of their difference (381 = 3 × 127).

Since 1651 is not divisible by 3 (sum of digits is 13), the HCF is exactly 127.

∴ The correct answer is 127.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers = 1657 and 2037

Remainders = 6 and 5 respectively

Formula Used:

Greatest number = HCF of (First Number − First Remainder) and (Second Number − Second Remainder)

Calculations:

⇒ First number to be divided = 1657 − 6 = 1651

⇒ Second number to be divided = 2037 − 5 = 2032

⇒ We need to find the HCF of 1651 and 2032.

⇒ Prime factorization of 1651 = 13 × 127

⇒ Prime factorization of 2032 = 16 × 127 = 2⁴ × 127

⇒ The common factor in both factorizations is 127.

⇒ Therefore, the HCF of 1651 and 2032 is 127.

∴ The correct answer is 127.

Additional Information

HCF of Numbers Leaving Same Remainder

To find the greatest number that divides x, y, and z leaving the same remainder in each case, calculate the HCF of |x − y|, |y − z|, and |z − x|.

HCF of Numbers Leaving Different Remainders

To find the greatest number that divides x, y, and z leaving remainders a, b, and c respectively, calculate the HCF of (x − a), (y − b), and (z − c).

LCM of Numbers Leaving Same Remainder

The smallest number which when divided by x, y, and z leaves the same remainder r in each case is given by LCM(x, y, z) + r.

Relation between HCF and LCM

For any two numbers a and b, the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

Shortcut Trick

Given that 2% of a number x is 288.

To find the total value (100%), directly multiply both the percentage and the value by 50.

⇒ 2% × 50 = 100%

⇒ 288 × 50 = 14400

∴ The correct answer is x = 14400.

Alternate Method

Given:

2% of x = 288

Formula Used:

Percentage Value = (Percentage ÷ 100) × Total Value

2% Total x (100%)

288

x

× 50

Calculations:

⇒ (2 ÷ 100) × x = 288

⇒ x = 288 × (100 ÷ 2)

⇒ x = 144 × 100

⇒ x = 14400

∴ The correct answer is x = 14400.

Additional Information

Percentage to Fraction Conversion

To convert a percentage into a fraction, divide it by 100 and simplify. Example: 2% = 2 ÷ 100 = 1/50.

Finding the Base Value

When a certain percentage of a quantity is given, the whole quantity (100%) can be directly found using the formula: Base = (Given Value ÷ Percentage) × 100.

Percentage Change

Percentage change = [(New Value − Original Value) ÷ Original Value] × 100. It measures the degree of growth or reduction of any given mathematical quantity.

Shortcut Trick

Total Surface Area of a cube = 6 × a²

Substitute the given edge a = 19 cm directly into the formula.

TSA = 6 × 19² = 6 × 361

TSA = 2166 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 2166 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Edge of the cube (a) = 19 cm

Formula Used:

Total Surface Area (TSA) of a cube = 6a²

19 cm 19 cm 19 cm Cube with edge = 19 cm

Calculations:

⇒ TSA = 6 × (19)²

⇒ TSA = 6 × 361

⇒ TSA = 2166 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 2166 cm².

Additional Information

Lateral Surface Area of a Cube

The lateral surface area includes only the 4 vertical side faces, excluding the top and bottom. LSA = 4a².

Volume of a Cube

The total 3D space occupied by the cube is given by Volume = a³.

Diagonals of a Cube

Face Diagonal = a√2 | Body Diagonal = a√3, which represents the longest rod that can be perfectly placed inside the cube.

Shortcut Trick

Using the Net Deviation Method for Averages:

Teacher's Weight = Old Average + (New Total People × Increase in Average)

Teacher's Weight = 53 + (28 × 0.7)

Teacher's Weight = 53 + 19.6 = 72.6 kg

∴ The correct answer is 72.6 kg.

Alternate Method

Teacher's Weight Breakup

Old Average = 53 kg

Total Increase (28 × 0.7 kg = 19.6 kg)

Teacher's Weight = 53 + 19.6 = 72.6 kg

Given:

Number of students = 27

Average weight of 27 students = 53 kg

Average increase when teacher is included = 700 grams = 0.7 kg

Formula Used:

Total Weight = Average × Number of entities

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight of 27 students = 27 × 53 = 1431 kg

⇒ New number of people (students + teacher) = 28

⇒ New average weight = 53 + 0.7 = 53.7 kg

⇒ Total weight of 28 people = 28 × 53.7 = 1503.6 kg

⇒ Weight of the teacher = (Total weight of 28 people) − (Total weight of 27 students)

⇒ Weight of the teacher = 1503.6 − 1431 = 72.6 kg

∴ The correct answer is 72.6 kg.

Additional Information

Combined Average

When two groups of sizes n₁ and n₂ have averages A₁ and A₂, the combined average is (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Method

If a new value joins a group and changes the average, the new value = Old Average + (Total Number of people × Change in Average). A positive change means the new value is higher than the old average.

Replacement in Averages

When one person is replaced by another, the weight of the new person = Weight of the removed person + (Total Number of people × Change in Average).

Shortcut Trick

Difference in principal = ₹9400 − ₹5400 = ₹4000

This extra principal generates the extra interest of ₹960 over 4 years.

Rate (R) = (Difference in Interest × 100) ÷ (Difference in Principal × Time)

R = (960 × 100) ÷ (4000 × 4)

R = 96000 ÷ 16000 = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Mukund's Principal (P₁) = ₹5400

Sachin's Principal (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 4 years

Difference in Simple Interest = ₹960

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Mukund P = ₹5400 T = 4 yrs

Sachin P = ₹9400 T = 4 yrs

Difference ΔP = ₹4000 | ΔSI = ₹960

Calculations:

⇒ Let the rate of interest be R% per annum.

⇒ Difference in Simple Interest = SI_Sachin − SI_Mukund = ₹960

⇒ [(9400 × R × 4) ÷ 100] − [(5400 × R × 4) ÷ 100] = 960

⇒ [(9400 − 5400) × R × 4] ÷ 100 = 960

⇒ (4000 × R × 4) ÷ 100 = 960

⇒ 16000 × R = 96000

⇒ 160 × R = 960

⇒ R = 960 ÷ 160

⇒ R = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI) Formula

Calculated linearly over time using the direct formula: SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100. The principal remains constant throughout the entire borrowing period.

Compound Interest (CI) Formula

Interest is calculated on the initial principal as well as the accumulated interest of previous periods: Amount = P(1 + R/100)^T.

Difference Between SI and CI

For a 2-year period at the same rate, the difference is CI − SI = P(R/100)². For a 3-year period, the difference is CI − SI = P(R/100)²(3 + R/100).

Shortcut Trick

Loss = 44% = 44 ÷ 100 = 11 ÷ 25

Cost Price (CP) = 25 units, Loss = 11 units

Selling Price (SP) = CP − Loss = 25 − 11 = 14 units

25 units = 78200 ⇒ 1 unit = 78200 ÷ 25 = 3128

Selling Price (14 units) = 14 × 3128 = 43792

∴ The correct answer is ₹43,792.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) of the laptop = ₹78,200

Loss Percentage = 44%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × [ (100 − Loss%) ÷ 100 ]

Cost Price = 100% (₹78,200)

SP = 56%

Loss = 44%

SP = 100% − 44% = 56% of CP

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 78200 × [ (100 − 44) ÷ 100 ]

⇒ SP = 78200 × (56 ÷ 100)

⇒ SP = 78200 × 0.56

⇒ SP = 782 × 56

⇒ SP = 43792

∴ The correct answer is ₹43,792.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basic Formulas

Profit = SP − CP | Loss = CP − SP.

Profit and Loss Percentage

Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 | Loss% = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100. Always remember that both profit and loss percentages are calculated on the Cost Price by default.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always offered on the Marked Price (MP). To find the selling price after a discount: SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

Let the initial price of fuel be 100.

Applying successive percentage multiplying factors:

Final Price = 100 × 0.85 × 0.60 × 0.40 × 1.45 = 29.58

Net percentage decrease = 100 − 29.58 = 70.42%

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 70.42%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Successive changes in fuel price: −15%, −40%, −60%, +45%

Formula Used:

Final Value = Initial Value × (1 ± R₁/100) × (1 ± R₂/100) × ...

−15%

−40%

−60%

+45%

Net Decrease = 70.42%

100 Initial

85

51

20.4

29.58 Final

Calculations:

⇒ Let the original price of fuel be 100.

⇒ Price after 1^st month (15% decrease) = 100 × (1 − 15/100) = 85

⇒ Price after 2^nd month (40% decrease) = 85 × (1 − 40/100) = 85 × 0.60 = 51

⇒ Price after 3^rd month (60% decrease) = 51 × (1 − 60/100) = 51 × 0.40 = 20.4

⇒ Price after 4^th month (45% increase) = 20.4 × (1 + 45/100) = 20.4 × 1.45 = 29.58

⇒ Total decrease in price = Original Price − Final Price

⇒ Total decrease = 100 − 29.58 = 70.42

⇒ Percentage decrease = (70.42 ÷ 100) × 100 = 70.42%

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 70.42%.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

If a value changes successively by a% and b%, the net percentage change can be calculated using the formula: Net Change = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100. For a decrease, always use a negative sign.

Multiplying Factor Method

Instead of computing the percentage and subtracting, directly multiply the base by (1 ± R/100). For example, a 15% decrease uses a factor of 0.85, and a 45% increase uses 1.45. This method is exceptionally fast for successive changes.

Ratio Method for Successive Changes

Convert percentages to fractions. A 40% decrease (−2/5) leaves 3/5 of the value. The overall change ratio is simply the product of all individual fractional multipliers.

Shortcut Trick

SP for 100 pears = CP of 100 pears + Profit per 100 pears

SP for 100 pears = 1230 + (980 ÷ 4) = 1230 + 245 = ₹1475

SP for 1 pear = 1475 ÷ 100 = ₹14.75

SP for 1 dozen (12 pears) = 14.75 × 12 = ₹177

∴ The correct answer is ₹177.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total pears bought = 400

Cost Price (CP) of 100 pears = ₹1230

Total profit on 400 pears = ₹980

1 Dozen = 12 units

Formula Used:

Total Selling Price (SP) = Total CP + Total Profit

SP per dozen = Total SP ÷ Total number of dozens

CP = ₹4920 (for 400 pears)

SP = ₹5900 (for 400 pears)

• Profit ₹980

SP per dozen = 5900 ÷ (400 ÷ 12) = ₹177

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP for 400 pears = (1230 ÷ 100) × 400 = 1230 × 4 = ₹4920

⇒ Total SP for 400 pears = Total CP + Profit = 4920 + 980 = ₹5900

⇒ Number of dozens in 400 pears = 400 ÷ 12 = 100/3 dozens

⇒ SP per dozen = Total SP ÷ (100/3)

⇒ SP per dozen = (5900 × 3) ÷ 100

⇒ SP per dozen = 59 × 3 = ₹177

∴ The correct answer is ₹177.

Additional Information

Profit & Loss Basics

Profit occurs when the Selling Price (SP) is greater than the Cost Price (CP). It is calculated as: Profit = SP − CP.

Profit Percentage

Profit % is always calculated on the base of Cost Price unless explicitly stated otherwise. Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Unitary Method Application

When buying bulk quantities (like hundreds or dozens), dividing the total cost by total quantity gives the cost of a single unit. This avoids heavy mathematical calculation errors in later steps.

Shortcut Trick A ratio acts as a fraction where the first term is the numerator and the second is the denominator. If Numerator > Denominator, the ratio's value is greater than 1. If Numerator < Denominator, the ratio's value is less than 1. In the given options, only 19 : 13 has a numerator greater than its denominator (19 > 13). Therefore, 19 : 13 is strictly greater than 1, instantly making it the highest among all proper fraction options. ∴ The correct answer is 19 : 13.

Alternate Method Given: Four ratios: 15 : 19, 19 : 13, 12 : 19, and 21 : 26 Concept Used: Convert each ratio to its decimal equivalent to compare their exact scale values.

15 : 19

≈ 0.79

19 : 13

≈ 1.46 (Highest)

12 : 19

≈ 0.63

21 : 26

≈ 0.81

Calculations: ⇒ 15 : 19 = 15 ÷ 19 ≈ 0.789 ⇒ 19 : 13 = 19 ÷ 13 ≈ 1.461 ⇒ 12 : 19 = 12 ÷ 19 ≈ 0.631 ⇒ 21 : 26 = 21 ÷ 26 ≈ 0.807 ⇒ Comparing the decimal values: 1.461 > 0.807 > 0.789 > 0.631 ⇒ The highest decimal value correctly corresponds to the ratio 19 : 13. ∴ The correct answer is 19 : 13.

Additional Information Proper vs Improper Fractions A proper fraction has a numerator smaller than its denominator, ensuring its overall value is strictly less than 1. An improper fraction features a larger numerator, making its overall value directly greater than 1.

Cross-Multiplication Method To effectively compare two fractions a/b and c/d without calculating decimals, cross-multiply. If (a × d) > (b × c), then it is proven that a/b > c/d.

Compound Ratio The compound ratio of two individual ratios a : b and c : d is mathematically defined as ac : bd. It basically represents the direct multiplication of the two given fractions.

Given:

Expression: 16 + 9 ÷ 3 - 3 × 4

Formula Used:

Follow BODMAS (Bracket, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) to solve the equation.

Calculation:

Expression: 16 + 9 ÷ 3 - 3 × 4

⇒ 16 + 3 - 3 × 4

⇒ 16 + 3 - 12

⇒ 19 - 12

⇒ 7

The correct answer is option 3: 7.

Shortcut Trick

For 2 years, Principal = (SI ÷ 2)² ÷ (CI − SI)

Given SI = ₹44 and CI = ₹45

Principal = (44 ÷ 2)² ÷ (45 − 44)

Principal = 22² ÷ 1 = 484

∴ The correct answer is ₹484.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple interest (SI) for 2 years = ₹44

Compound interest (CI) for 2 years = ₹45

Year 1: ₹22 (SI)

Year 2: ₹22 (SI)

CI Diff: ₹1 (on ₹22) Total SI = ₹44 | Total CI = ₹45 Interest on 1^st Year Interest

Calculations:

⇒ Simple interest for 1 year = 44 ÷ 2 = ₹22

⇒ Compound interest for 1^st year = ₹22

⇒ Compound interest for 2^nd year = Total CI − CI for 1^st year

⇒ CI for 2^nd year = 45 − 22 = ₹23

⇒ Difference in 2^nd year interest = 23 − 22 = ₹1

⇒ This ₹1 is the interest earned on 1^st year's interest (₹22) at rate R.

⇒ Rate (R) = (1 × 100) ÷ 22 = (50 ÷ 11)%

⇒ We know, SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ 22 = (P × (50 ÷ 11) × 1) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (22 × 100 × 11) ÷ 50

⇒ P = 22 × 2 × 11 = 484

∴ The correct answer is ₹484.

Additional Information

Difference between CI and SI for 2 years:

D = P(R ÷ 100)², where P is the principal and R is the rate of interest.

Difference between CI and SI for 3 years:

D = P(R ÷ 100)²(3 + R ÷ 100).

SI vs CI:

Simple interest is calculated only on the principal amount, whereas compound interest is calculated on the principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods.

Shortcut Trick

The smallest number divisible by the given numbers is their LCM.

Notice that 48 is already a multiple of 12 and 24, so we can ignore 12 and 24.

We just need to find the LCM of 48 and 58.

Both 48 and 58 are divisible by 2: 48 = 24 × 2 and 58 = 29 × 2.

LCM(48, 58) = 24 × 29 × 2 = 48 × 29 = 1392.

∴ The correct answer is 1392.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 24, 58, 48, and 12.

Concept Used:

The smallest natural number exactly divisible by a given set of numbers is the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of those numbers.

Calculations:

Find the prime factorization of each number:

⇒ 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ 24 = 2³ × 3

⇒ 48 = 2⁴ × 3

⇒ 58 = 2¹ × 29

To find the LCM, take the highest power of each prime factor present:

⇒ LCM = 2⁴ × 3¹ × 29¹

⇒ LCM = 16 × 3 × 29

⇒ LCM = 48 × 29

⇒ LCM = 1392

∴ The correct answer is 1392.

Additional Information

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The LCM of two or more numbers is the smallest possible number that is a multiple of each of the given numbers.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides each of them exactly without leaving any remainder.

LCM and HCF Relationship

For any two specific numbers a and b, the product of their LCM and HCF is equal to the product of the numbers themselves: LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b) = a × b.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are said to be co-prime if their HCF is 1. The LCM of any two co-prime numbers is simply their product.

Shortcut Trick

When amounts are equal at CI, ratio of principal shares is P₁/P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Difference in time for Rishi and Shan = 18 − 17 = 1 year.

Rishi's share ÷ Shan's share = (100 + 8) ÷ 100 = 108/100 = 27/25.

Total parts = 27 + 25 = 52 parts ≡ ₹1612 ⇒ 1 part = ₹31.

Rishi's share = 27 × 31 = ₹837.

∴ The correct answer is ₹837.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total sum Pravin has = ₹1612

Rate of interest (R) = 8% compounded annually

Time for Rishi (t₁) = 17 years

Time for Shan (t₂) = 18 years

Formula Used:

A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Total = ₹1612

Rishi (x)

Shan (y)

17 yrs @ 8% 18 yrs @ 8%

Equal Amount (A)

Calculations:

⇒ Let the amount given to Rishi be x and to Shan be y.

⇒ x + y = 1612

Since the amounts received by both are equal:

⇒ Amount of Rishi = Amount of Shan

⇒ x × (1 + 8/100)¹⁷ = y × (1 + 8/100)¹⁸

⇒ x / y = (1 + 8/100)^{18 − 17}

⇒ x / y = (1 + 8/100)¹

⇒ x / y = 108 / 100

⇒ x / y = 27 / 25

⇒ Total ratio parts = 27 + 25 = 52 parts

⇒ 52 parts = 1612

⇒ 1 part = 1612 ÷ 52 = 31

⇒ Amount given to Rishi (x) = 27 parts

⇒ 27 × 31 = 837

∴ The correct answer is ₹837.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

The amount after n years at compound interest is given by A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ, where P is the principal and R is the rate.

Equal Amounts Distribution

If a total sum is split into P₁ and P₂ such that their amounts are equal after t₁ and t₂ years, then the ratio of their investments is P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{t₂ − t₁}.

Difference Between CI and SI

For the first year, CI and SI are exactly the same. For 2 years, the difference between CI and SI on a certain sum is given by D = P(R/100)².

Shortcut Trick

Average speed is the ratio of total distance travelled to total time taken.

Total Distance = 150 + 250 = 400 km

Total Time = 4 + 4 = 8 hours

Average Speed = 400 ÷ 8 = 50 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 50 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance 1 (D₁) = 150 km

Time 1 (T₁) = 4 hours

Distance 2 (D₂) = 250 km

Time 2 (T₂) = 4 hours

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

150 km 250 km

4 hours 4 hours

Total Distance = 400 km, Total Time = 8 hours

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = D₁ + D₂ = 150 + 250 = 400 km

⇒ Total Time = T₁ + T₂ = 4 + 4 = 8 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 400 ÷ 8

⇒ Average Speed = 50 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 50 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed (Equal Distances)

When a person travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, Average Speed = (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Average Speed (Equal Time)

When a person travels for two equal time periods at speeds x and y, Average Speed = (x + y) ÷ 2.

Speed Unit Conversion

To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5 ÷ 18. To convert m/s to km/hr, multiply by 18 ÷ 5.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The idiom "burning the midnight oil" means working late into the night or staying up late to complete tasks. (रात भर काम करना)
• Example: She was burning the midnight oil to prepare for her exams.
• In the given sentence, the phrase "working late into the night" can be appropriately substituted with the idiom "burning the midnight oil".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Burning the ships (जहाज जलाना): Refers to taking an irreversible step that eliminates the possibility of retreat.
• Example: By quitting his job, he was burning the ships to start his own business.
• Burning bridges (पुल जलाना): Refers to destroying relationships or connections that could be useful in the future.
• Example: He regretted burning bridges with his old colleagues after he needed their help.
• Burning the candle at both ends (दोनों छोर से मोमबत्ती जलाना): Refers to overworking oneself by staying up late and waking up early, often leading to exhaustion.
• Example: She has been burning the candle at both ends to manage her job and studies.

The correct answer is: Degraded.

Key Points

• The word "Magnanimous" means generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful. (उदार, महान)
• Example: The magnanimous leader forgave his opponents and sought peace for the nation.
• "Degraded" refers to something that has been reduced in quality, value, or moral standing; it conveys the opposite of being noble or generous. (गिरा हुआ, पतित)
• Example: The degraded state of the building was a clear sign of years of neglect.
• Hence, we can infer that the antonym of "Magnanimous" is "Degraded."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Degraded.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Splendour (शानदार): Magnificent and splendid appearance or grandeur.
• Example: The palace was a true representation of royal splendour.
• Large (बड़ा): Something of considerable size, extent, or capacity.
• Example: The large mansion had over twenty rooms.
• Generous (उदार): Showing a readiness to give more of something, such as money or time, than is strictly necessary or expected.
• Example: She made a generous donation to the charity.

The correct answer is 'on'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "count on" is a phrasal verb meaning to rely or depend on someone. (भरोसा करना)
• It is the most appropriate preposition to follow the verb "count" when expressing dependence or trust.
• The other options do not form correct or commonly used phrasal verbs with "count."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "I know we can count on Tim to resolve this for us."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "at" is incorrect; "count at" is not a valid phrasal structure.
• Option 2: "for" does not convey the intended meaning of reliance.
• Option 4: "in" is incorrect; while "have faith in" is valid, "count in" is not used this way.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "Buisness" is incorrectly spelled. The correct spelling is "Business".
• English Meaning: Business refers to an occupation, work, or trade involving the buying and selling of goods or services. (व्यवसाय)
• Example: She is starting her own business in the fashion industry.
• Correct Word: "Business" (व्यवसाय)
• Example: His business is growing rapidly due to his innovative ideas.
• Hence, the word "Buisness" is incorrectly spelled as "Business".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Apology (माफी): A regretful acknowledgment of an offense or failure.
• Example: He offered a sincere apology for arriving late.
• Lecture (व्याख्यान): A formal talk on a subject, usually given to an audience.
• Example: The professor delivered an engaging lecture on climate change.
• Resource (संसाधन): A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization.
• Example: Natural resources like water and forests are essential for human survival.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Fail to achieve either of two aims.

Key Points

• The idiom "Fall between two stools" means to fail to achieve either of two aims or objectives, often due to indecision or poor planning. (दो लक्ष्यों में से किसी को प्राप्त करने में विफल होना)
• Example: He tried to please both his boss and his colleagues, but he fell between two stools and ended up disappointing both.
• Fail to achieve either of two aims signifies that efforts or decisions made to achieve two different goals resulted in failure for both. (दो उद्देश्यों में से किसी को हासिल करने में विफलता)
• Example: The product launch aimed to appeal to both teenagers and adults, but it fell between two stools and failed to attract either group.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: Fall upon the hurdles continuously (लगातार बाधाओं पर गिरना): This refers to repeatedly encountering obstacles or difficulties, but it is not relevant to the given idiom.
• Example: The athlete fell upon the hurdles continuously during the race.
• Option 3: Succeed to achieve both aims (दोनों लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने में सफल होना): This refers to successfully achieving two objectives, which is opposite to the idiom's meaning.
• Example: She succeeded in achieving both her academic and extracurricular goals.
• Option 4: Confused to select either of two options (दो विकल्पों में से किसी एक को चुनने में उलझन): This refers to a state of confusion in decision-making, but it does not align with the idiom's meaning.
• Example: He was confused to select either of the two career paths.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "Comprehensve" is incorrectly spelled and is not a valid English word. (अशुद्ध वर्तनी)
• Correct spelling: Comprehensive (व्यापक). It means covering or including everything; complete or all-encompassing.
• Example: The teacher provided a comprehensive guide to prepare for the final exams.
• Hindi Meaning of "Comprehensive": (व्यापक)

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Policy (नीति): A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or individual.
• Example: The company has a strict policy on workplace harassment.
• Benefits (लाभ): An advantage or profit gained from something.
• Example: Employees enjoy several benefits, including health insurance and paid leave.
• Company's (कंपनी का): Possessive form of "company," referring to something that belongs to the company.
• Example: The company's reputation depends on its customer service.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The adverb "loudly" is incorrectly used in the sentence as it describes how David opened the gift.
• However, "opened" is a physical action and using "loudly" to modify it is semantically odd unless there's a context where the action of opening itself produced a loud noise, which is uncommon and unintended here.
• A more appropriate placement would be an adverb describing emotion (e.g., excitedly) or manner (e.g., carefully, quickly), rather than volume.
• Hence, the adverbial usage in “David loudly” is inappropriate in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "David excitedly opened the gift presented by his sister."

 

Additional Information

• Opened the gift is a verb phrase correctly placed without error.
• Presented by and his sister form a correct passive structure indicating the doer.

The correct answer is: Accurate.

Key Points

• The word "Precise" means being exact, clear, and accurate in every detail. (सटीक)
• Example: She gave a precise description of the suspect to the police.
• "Accurate" refers to being correct and free from errors, closely resembling the truth. (सही, शुद्ध)
• Example: The data provided in the report is accurate and reliable.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'Precise' is 'Accurate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Accurate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Vague (अस्पष्ट): Something that is unclear or lacks definite shape or meaning.
• Example: His explanation was so vague that I couldn't understand anything.
• Ambiguous (अस्पष्ट, दो-अर्थी): Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.
• Example: The instructions were ambiguous and led to confusion.
• Approximate (लगभग, अनुमानित): Close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact.
• Example: The approximate cost of the project is $10,000$.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Curtail).

Key Points

• The word "Enlarge" means to make something bigger, increase in size, or expand. (बड़ा करना)
• Example: The company plans to enlarge its operations by opening more branches globally.
• "Curtail" means to reduce or limit something, especially something that is considered excessive or unnecessary. (कम करना)
• Example: The government introduced measures to curtail the misuse of public funds.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'enlarge' is 'curtail'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Curtail).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Amplify (बढ़ाना): To make something louder, stronger, or more intense.
• Example: The speaker amplified the sound to ensure everyone in the room could hear him.
• Ridicule (मज़ाक उड़ाना): To mock or make fun of someone or something in a dismissive manner.
• Example: The comedian ridiculed the politician’s speech in his latest show.
• Admire (प्रशंसा करना): To regard someone or something with respect, approval, or affection.
• Example: She admired his dedication and hard work in completing the project.

The correct answer is 'glances'.

 

Key Points

• The word "glances" means quick looks or brief views. (झलक या तिरछी नज़र)
• The phrase “taking frequent glances at the map” logically conveys that the person kept quickly looking at the map while trying to retrace the route.
• This is a common collocation in English, often used in contexts involving checking directions or keeping an eye on something intermittently.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map.

Additional Information

• Fences (बाड़): Physical barriers, irrelevant in the context of looking at a map.
• Bounces (उछाल): Sudden movements up and down, not related to viewing something.
• Winces (सिकुड़ना): A facial expression of pain or discomfort, unsuitable here.

The correct answer is: Happy.

Key Points

• The word "Distraught" means deeply upset and agitated; it refers to a state of extreme emotional disturbance or mental confusion. (बेचैन, व्याकुल)
• Example: She was distraught after hearing the news of her friend's accident.
• "Happy" means feeling or showing pleasure or contentment; it is a state of being joyful or cheerful, which is the opposite of being upset or agitated. (खुश)
• Example: He was happy to see his family after a long trip.
• Thus, the antonym of "distraught" is "happy".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Happy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Curved (मुड़ा हुआ): Having a rounded or bent shape.
• Example: The road ahead was curved and difficult to drive on.
• New (नया): Recently created, discovered, or introduced.
• Example: She bought a new dress for the party.
• Sour (खट्टा): Having an acidic taste; unpleasant or unfriendly in nature.
• Example: The lemon was too sour to eat.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "chuckle" means to laugh quietly without opening one’s mouth. (चुपचाप हंसना)
• Example: She couldn’t help but chuckle at his silly joke.
• "Laugh quietly without opening one’s mouth" is the correct description of a chuckle. (चुपचाप हंसना)
• Example: He chuckled softly as he read the humorous comic strip.
• Hence, we can infer that the most appropriate meaning of the word "chuckle" is "laugh quietly without opening one’s mouth".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Laugh loudly (जोर से हंसना): Refers to laughing in a loud and unrestrained manner.
• Example: Everyone laughed loudly when the clown performed his tricks.
• Cry like a donkey (गधे की तरह रोना): Refers to a noisy and braying-like cry, which is unrelated to chuckling.
• Example: The child cried like a donkey when his toy broke.
• Laugh in a noisy, gleeful way (शोर मचाते हुए खुशी से हंसना): Refers to laughing loudly with joy but does not capture the quiet nature of a chuckle.
• Example: The audience laughed in a noisy, gleeful way during the comedy show.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The sentence refers to an event that took place in the past, as indicated by the time phrase "last month".
• Therefore, the verb should be in the simple past tense to match the time reference.
• "Launched" is the correct simple past tense form of the verb "launch".
• The original verb phrase "are launching" is in the present continuous tense, which is incorrect for describing a completed action in the past.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "They launched the new product last month."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "was launching" – Incorrect tense and subject-verb agreement error with "they".
• Option 2: "did launched" – Incorrect structure; "did" should be followed by the base form "launch".

The correct answer is 'prostrating'.

 

Key Points

• The word "prostrating" means lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often in reverence or submission. (साष्टांग प्रणाम करना)
• In the context of the sentence, it indicates extreme reverence or blind devotion to self-proclaimed gods.
• This action is often criticized when associated with blind faith or manipulation by so-called spiritual leaders.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: My heart fills with anger when I see disciples of self-claimed gods prostrating before them.

Additional Information

• Spitting (थूकना): Disrespectful and irrelevant in the context of reverence.
• Swinging (झूलना): Unrelated action, contextually inappropriate.
• Sleeping (सोना): Passive activity, does not convey the sense of worship or devotion.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "She been" is grammatically incorrect.
• In the present perfect continuous tense, the correct form is "has been" when the subject is third-person singular (She/He/It).
• The corrected sentence should start with "She has been showing off her juggling skills..."
• All other segments are grammatically and contextually correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "She has been showing off her juggling skills at her friend's party."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "showing off her" – correct phrase, no error.
• Option 2: "her friend's party" – grammatically correct possessive form.
• Option 3: "juggling skills at" – no error; correctly placed preposition.

The correct answer is 'designed'.

 

Key Points

• The passage introduces what chatbots are and how they function.
• The word "designed" means something that has been planned and created with a specific purpose. (डिज़ाइन किया गया / बनाया गया)
• Chatbots are designed to simulate human conversation—this fits perfectly with the context.
• Other options are inappropriate:
• Detailed – (विस्तृत): Means elaborated or containing details, which doesn't fit structurally.
• Destroyed – (नष्ट किया गया): Opposite in meaning; irrelevant in this context.
• Debarred – (वर्जित): Means banned or excluded, not suitable here.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Sentence: Chatbots are computer programs designed to simulate conversations as if they...

 

Additional Information

• Detailed – (विस्तृत): Used to describe information, not creation of a system or program.

Example: She gave a detailed explanation of the process.

• Destroyed – (नष्ट किया गया): Means ruined or eliminated.

Example: The documents were destroyed in the fire.

• Debarred – (वर्जित): Means excluded or banned from a place or activity.

Example: He was debarred from practicing law.

The correct answer is 'were'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence uses a hypothetical situation: “as if they ______ another human.”
• In hypothetical clauses introduced by “as if,” the past subjunctive form “were” is used, even with singular subjects. (जैसे कि वे इंसान हों)
• Thus, “as if they were another human” is grammatically correct and contextually appropriate.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Sentence: Chatbots are computer programs designed to simulate conversations as if they were another human.

 

Additional Information

• Pretend – (बहाना करना): A verb that does not fit grammatically in the sentence structure.

Example: Children pretend to be superheroes.

• Could – (सकते थे): Suggests ability or possibility but does not fit after "as if."

Example: He could lift heavy weights easily.

• Will – (करेंगे): Future tense, incorrect with the hypothetical clause introduced by "as if."

Example: She will visit tomorrow.

The correct answer is 'example'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence structure indicates that the blank should introduce an instance or illustration supporting the previous statement.
• The phrase “For example, there were more than ten million Replika users…” fits naturally and meaningfully here. (उदाहरण के लिए)
• It correctly signals a specific case — the chatbot Replika — being presented as an example.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Sentence: For example, there were more than ten million Replika users as of 2022.

 

Additional Information

• Eligible (योग्य): Refers to someone or something that is qualified or suitable, which doesn't suit the context of citing an instance.

Example: He is eligible to vote at 18.

• Entry (प्रवेश): Refers to the act of entering, unrelated to citing a case or example.

Example: His entry into the hall was dramatic.

• Exit (निर्गमन): Refers to the act of leaving or going out, not suitable as a sentence connector for providing an illustration.

Example: The fire exit is at the back.