SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 05 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is,

 'USJI' is coded as '49'

'DPTQ' is coded as '51'.

Similarly, code for 'FAUL' is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1"

The logic followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

When paper is unfolded then,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: The number of lines in the figure is 5.

So, the next figure also has 5 lines inside.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given, Seven people, G, H, I, J, K, L and M, are sitting in a row, facing north(but not necessarily in the same order) .

Only G sits to the left of J.

Only four people sit between G and H.

Only K sits between L and I, and L is not an immediate neighbour of H.

And M sits at the remaining place.

Four people sit between M and J.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Family Chart:

Decoding the Symbols:

 

Given: E % L # R + B

Decoding the relationship step by step:

1. E % L means 'E is the brother of L'.
2. L # R means 'L is the sister of R'.
3. R + B means 'R is the daughter of B'.

From the above, since E is R's brother, R is the sister of E.

So, R is the 'Sister' of E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is,

'LTRH' is coded as '58'

'NBZW' is coded as '65'

Similarly  'GSCE' is coded as 34

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is,

So, option 3 follows a pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct mirror image is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given word: 'REVERSAL'

After arranged in reverse English alphabetical order:

 

So, no alphabets will remain unchanged if each of the letters in the word 'REVERSAL' is arranged in reverse English alphabetical order.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is,

Logic: The difference between consecutive letters is +3 and +6.

Option 1) HKQ:

The difference between consecutive letters is +3 and +6.

Option 2) BEK:

The difference between consecutive letters is +3 and +6.

Option 3) OIG:

The difference between consecutive letters is -6 and -2.

OIG does not follow the pattern.

Option 4) LOU:

The difference between consecutive letters is +3 and +6.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

To find the letter on the face opposite to the one having 'E', we need to compare the common letters in the given dice.

Now, the letter 'D' is common in both Dice 1 and Dice 2.

So, From Dice 1 and Dice 2, considering 'D' as the common face and rotating clockwise:

In Dice 1: D → F → C

In Dice 2: D → B → A

This implies that F is opposite to B, and C is opposite to A.

The letters on the dice are A, B, C, D, E, and F. The pairs of opposite faces we found are (F, B) and (C, A). The remaining pair must be the opposite faces.

Therefore, D is opposite to E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given Statements:

All salads are appetizers.

All salads are food.

All food are rice.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is:

Conclusions:

I: All salads are rice - True (As explained by the Venn diagram, the 'salads' circle is entirely within the 'rice' circle because 'salads' are within 'food', and 'food' are within 'rice').

II: Some foods are appetizers - True (Since 'salads' are a subset of both 'food' and 'appetizers', there is at least some overlap between the 'food' and 'appetizers' circles, specifically the area containing 'salads'. Therefore, some foods are indeed appetizers).

So, both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3.".

Given, E, F, G, H, K, L and N are sitting around a circular table facing the centre (but not necessarily in the same order) .

Only three people sit between L and E when counted from the right of E.

K sits to the immediate right of L.

F is an immediate neighbour of E as well as N.

Only three people sit between H and N when counted from the left of H.

And G sits at the remaining place.

So, K sits second to the right of G

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is,

• All horses are animals, so the 'Horses' circle is a subset of the 'Animals' circle.
• Trees are living organisms, but they are not animals. Therefore, the 'Trees' circle has no intersection with the 'Animals' or 'Horses' circles.

The Venn diagram that represents this relationship is:

In this diagram:

• The largest circle represents 'Animals'.
• The smaller circle inside 'Animals' represents 'Horses'.
• The separate circle represents 'Trees'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is,

AMBUSH is related to FPIWTH

LYPASE is related to QBWCTE

Similarly, OCTANE is related to TFACOE

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is,

GD 34 is related to HE 24

CJ 12 is related to DK 2

Similarly, XV 56 is related to  YW 46

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given equation: 28 − 4 × 12 ÷ 5 + 3 =?

Now, if ‘+’ and ‘ב are interchanged and ‘−’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged, then:

⇒ 28 ÷ 4 + 12 - 5 × 3

⇒ 7 + 12 - 15 = 4

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2

The correct answer is Article 42.

Key Points

• Article 42 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to ensure the provision of just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
• This article is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which are non-justiciable but serve as guiding principles for governance.
• It emphasizes the responsibility of the State to improve labor conditions and promote social justice.
• The provision aims to protect workers' rights and promote welfare measures, particularly for women workers and marginalized laborers.
• It serves as a basis for labor laws and welfare schemes aimed at improving workplace conditions and maternity benefits in India.

Additional Information

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
• Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Indian Constitution contains the DPSPs, which are guidelines for the State to ensure socio-economic justice.
• They are not enforceable by courts but are fundamental in policymaking and governance.
• Labor Welfare in India:
• India has implemented various labor laws, such as the Factories Act, 1948, and the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, to ensure humane working conditions and maternity relief.
• These laws are influenced by the principles enshrined in Article 42.
• Social Justice:
• Article 42 promotes social justice by advocating for equitable working conditions and support for vulnerable workers.
• It aligns with global labor standards set by institutions like the International Labour Organization (ILO).
• Maternity Relief:
• Article 42 specifically mentions maternity relief, emphasizing the need for paid leave and health benefits for women workers.
• The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017, which provides 26 weeks of paid maternity leave, is a significant step in this direction.

The correct answer is Rani Machaiah.

Key Points

• Rani Machaiah, a renowned Ummathat folk dancer from Karnataka, was conferred with the prestigious Padma Shri in March 2023.
• The Ummathat dance is a traditional folk dance performed by the Kodava community of Karnataka, and Rani Machaiah has been a significant contributor to preserving and promoting this art form.
• She was recognized for her exceptional efforts in reviving, teaching, and popularizing the Ummathat dance both within India and internationally.
• The Padma Shri award, one of the highest civilian honors in India, was presented to her for her contributions to Art in the traditional folk category.
• Her work has not only highlighted the cultural heritage of the Kodava community but also inspired younger generations to embrace their traditions.

Additional Information

• Padma Shri Award
• It is the fourth highest civilian award in India, instituted in 1954.
• The award recognizes distinguished contributions in various fields, including Art, Literature, Education, Science, Sports, Medicine, Social Work, Public Affairs, and more.
• Recipients are announced annually on the eve of Republic Day.
• Ummathat Dance
• It is a traditional folk dance performed exclusively by women of the Kodava community in Karnataka.
• The performers wear traditional Kodava attire and adorn themselves with jewelry while dancing to rhythmic drumbeats.
• The dance is usually performed during festivals, weddings, and other cultural celebrations.
• Kodava Community
• The Kodavas are an ethnolinguistic group native to the Kodagu district in Karnataka, India.
• They have a rich cultural heritage, known for their unique customs, traditional attire, and martial history.
• Their cultural practices include folk dances like Ummathat and traditional festivals such as Kailpodh and Puthari.
• Folk Dance in India
• India is known for its diverse folk dances, which represent the traditions and heritage of various communities across the country.
• Examples include Garba from Gujarat, Bihu from Assam, Ghoomar from Rajasthan, and Lavani from Maharashtra.
• Folk dances play a vital role in preserving India's cultural diversity and are often performed during festivals and social gatherings.

The correct answer is Extractive industry.

Key Points

• The extractive industry is primarily involved in the extraction of natural resources such as minerals, ores, oil, natural gas, and other raw materials directly from the Earth.
• This industry includes activities such as mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction, and forestry.
• It plays a vital role in providing raw materials required for various industries like manufacturing, construction, and energy production.
• Examples of extractive industry operations include coal mining, crude oil drilling, and metal ore extraction.
• The extractive industry is regulated globally to minimize its environmental and social impact, as it often involves disruption to ecosystems and local communities.

Additional Information

• Primary Sector:
• The extractive industry is a part of the primary sector, which includes industries that use natural resources directly.
• Other primary sector activities include agriculture, fishing, forestry, and animal husbandry.
• Environmental Impact:
• The extractive industry can lead to deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, and depletion of non-renewable resources.
• Countries and organizations are increasingly promoting sustainable extraction practices to mitigate these effects.
• Economic Importance:
• Natural resource extraction contributes significantly to a country's GDP and employment, particularly in resource-rich nations.
• For example, oil and gas extraction is a major contributor to the economies of countries like Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States.
• Technological Advancements:
• Technological innovations, such as automated mining equipment and advanced drilling techniques, have improved efficiency and safety in the extractive industry.
• However, these advancements also raise concerns about job displacement and the need for workforce reskilling.
• Legal and Ethical Considerations:
• Many countries have established regulations to ensure fair labor practices and environmental compliance in the extractive industry.
• Global initiatives like the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) aim to promote accountability and reduce corruption in resource extraction.

The correct answer is solar irradiance.

Key Points

• A pyranometer is an instrument used to measure solar irradiance, which refers to the power of solar radiation per unit area.
• It measures both direct and diffuse solar radiation from the hemisphere above it.
• Pyranometers are essential tools in climate research, solar energy monitoring, and meteorological studies.
• They are commonly used to evaluate the performance of solar panels and track weather patterns.
• The instrument typically works by using a thermopile sensor to convert the heat from solar radiation into an electrical signal, which is then measured.

Additional Information

• Solar Irradiance:
• It is the amount of solar power received per unit area, expressed in watts per square meter (W/m²).
• It plays a critical role in understanding Earth's climate system and energy balance.
• There are three types of solar irradiance: global horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct normal irradiance (DNI), and diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI).
• Working Principle of Pyranometers:
• The device uses sensors like thermopiles or photovoltaic cells to detect solar radiation.
• A glass dome protects the sensor and ensures a wide field of view while minimizing external interference.
• The output is usually in the form of a voltage signal proportional to the solar irradiance.
• Applications of Pyranometers:
• Used in solar power plants to monitor and optimize energy production.
• Deployed in meteorological stations for weather forecasting and climate studies.
• Utilized in building design for energy efficiency analysis.
• Calibration and Standards:
• Pyranometers are calibrated against a reference instrument under standard test conditions.
• The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) provides guidelines for pyranometer accuracy and usage.

The correct answer is Manipuri.

Key Points

• Manipuri is a classical dance form originating from the northeastern state of Manipur, India.
• The 'pung', a traditional drum, is the most important instrument used in Manipuri dance performances.
• The pung is integral to Manipuri dance as it provides rhythmic beats and sets the pace for the dancers.
• Manipuri dance is characterized by graceful and fluid movements, often depicting themes from Vaishnavism and episodes from the life of Lord Krishna.
• The dance form is deeply rooted in the cultural traditions of Manipur and is performed during religious and cultural occasions.

Additional Information

• Classical Dance Forms of India
• India has eight classical dance forms recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniyattam, Odissi, and Sattriya.
• Each dance form is deeply intertwined with the cultural and religious heritage of its region of origin.
• These dances often depict stories from Indian epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
• Role of Instruments in Classical Dance
• Instruments like the pung, mridangam, tabla, veena, and flute play a pivotal role in classical dance performances.
• They provide rhythm, melody, and emotional depth, enhancing the overall appeal of the dance.
• Manipuri Dance Features
• Manipuri is known for its circular and seamless movements, soft hand gestures, and spiritual essence.
• Costumes are elaborate, including vibrant saris and unique accessories that add to the visual appeal.
• Vaishnavism Influence
• Manipuri dance often portrays themes from Vaishnavism, focusing on devotion to Lord Krishna and Radha.
• It is performed during festivals like Rasa Lila, showcasing episodes from Krishna's life.

The correct answer is Nepal.

Key Points

• The Brahmaputra River originates from the Angsi Glacier in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and flows through China, India, and Bangladesh.
• In China, the river is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo, where it flows eastward through the Tibetan Plateau.
• In India, the river enters through the state of Arunachal Pradesh, where it is called the Siang or Dihang River, and later merges with tributaries to become the Brahmaputra.
• In Bangladesh, the river is known as the Jamuna River, eventually merging with the Ganges (Padma) before flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
• Nepal does not lie in the path of the Brahmaputra River, as the river flows to the east of Nepal's territory.

Additional Information

• Brahmaputra River Basin
• The Brahmaputra River Basin spans multiple countries: China, India, and Bangladesh.
• The basin covers an area of approximately 580,000 square kilometers.
• It is one of the largest river systems in the world and is highly significant for agriculture, hydropower, and biodiversity.
• Geographical Significance
• The Brahmaputra is known for its strong and unpredictable currents, making it one of the most dynamic rivers in the world.
• It forms one of the world's largest riverine islands, Majuli, in Assam, India.
• The river's delta, formed with the Ganges, is the largest delta in the world, known as the Sundarbans Delta.
• Economic Importance
• The river supports millions of people through agriculture, fishing, and transportation.
• It is a critical source of freshwater and hydroelectric power, with several dams and projects planned along its course.
• Ecological Importance
• The Brahmaputra River supports a rich biodiversity, including species like the endangered Gangetic dolphin and the one-horned rhinoceros.
• The river's floodplains are ecologically sensitive and host a variety of flora and fauna.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• Roger Binny is a former Indian cricketer who represented India in international cricket.
• He was a part of the Indian team that won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, making significant contributions as an all-rounder.
• Binny was the leading wicket-taker in the 1983 Cricket World Cup, securing 18 wickets during the tournament.
• He primarily played as a bowling all-rounder and contributed both with the bat and ball in international matches.
• Roger Binny played domestic cricket for Karnataka and was known for his medium-pace bowling and effective batting skills.

Additional Information

• 1983 Cricket World Cup:
• India defeated the West Indies in the final, marking its first-ever World Cup victory.
• The win is considered a landmark achievement in Indian cricket history.
• Kapil Dev was the captain of the Indian team during the tournament.
• Bowling All-rounder:
• A cricket player who contributes significantly with both the ball and bat.
• Roger Binny excelled in this role, providing crucial wickets and runs for India.
• Domestic Career:
• Roger Binny represented Karnataka in domestic cricket.
• He played in the Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket tournament.
• Post-retirement:
• Roger Binny has been involved in cricket administration, serving as a selector for the Indian cricket team.
• He has contributed to the development of Indian cricket through various roles after his playing career.

The correct answer is Ex-Officio chairman.

Key Points

• The Prime Minister of India served as the Ex-Officio Chairman of the Planning Commission during its existence (1950–2014).
• The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India that formulated India’s Five-Year Plans and various economic policies.
• The role of the Ex-Officio Chairman was to provide strategic direction and oversee the formulation and execution of national plans.
• The Prime Minister, as the Ex-Officio Chairman, held ultimate authority in decision-making within the Planning Commission.
• In 2015, the Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog, and the Prime Minister became the Ex-Officio Chairman of the NITI Aayog as well.

Additional Information

• Planning Commission
• Established in 1950 by a resolution of the Government of India under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The body was tasked with assessing resources and drafting Five-Year Plans to achieve economic and social goals.
• It functioned as an advisory body to the Government of India.
• It was dissolved in 2014 and replaced by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India).
• NITI Aayog
• Formed on January 1, 2015, as the successor to the Planning Commission.
• Aims to foster cooperative federalism by involving states in the policy-making process.
• Focuses on long-term policy planning and innovation to achieve sustainable development goals.
• The Prime Minister serves as the Ex-Officio Chairman of NITI Aayog, with a Governing Council comprising Chief Ministers of states and Union Territories.
• Five-Year Plans
• These were centralized and integrated national economic programs.
• India implemented 12 Five-Year Plans between 1951 and 2017.
• The first Five-Year Plan focused on agriculture, while later plans emphasized industrialization, infrastructure, and economic liberalization.
• After the dissolution of the Planning Commission, Five-Year Plans were replaced by long-term strategies under NITI Aayog.
• Ex-Officio Position
• The term "Ex-Officio" refers to a position held by someone by virtue of another office or role they hold.
• For example, the Prime Minister automatically became the Ex-Officio Chairman of the Planning Commission and now of NITI Aayog.
• This ensures that the highest executive authority is directly involved in strategic planning and decision-making.

The correct answer is Nathdwara.

Key Points

• Dalchand Sharma is a renowned exponent of the Pakhawaj, a traditional Indian percussion instrument.
• He is associated with the Nathdwara Gharana, which is famous for its tradition of Pakhawaj playing.
• The Nathdwara Gharana has its roots in the temple town of Nathdwara in Rajasthan and is deeply influenced by the Vaishnavite devotional music traditions.
• Dalchand Sharma has contributed significantly to preserving and popularizing the Pakhawaj through performances and teaching.
• The Pakhawaj is a barrel-shaped drum that is primarily used in Hindustani classical music and accompanies genres like Dhrupad.

Additional Information

• Pakhawaj
• The Pakhawaj is a traditional Indian percussion instrument, known for its deep, resonant sound.
• It is an ancient drum that predates the tabla and is closely associated with the Dhrupad style of Hindustani classical music.
• The Pakhawaj is played using both hands, with specific strokes producing distinct tones on either side of the drum.
• Its construction involves a wooden barrel body with leather drum heads on both sides, tuned using leather straps.
• Nathdwara Gharana
• This gharana is named after the temple town of Nathdwara in Rajasthan.
• It is known for its association with the devotional music of the Pushtimarg sect, dedicated to Lord Krishna.
• Artists of this gharana specialize in Pakhawaj playing and maintain a rich tradition of rhythmic compositions.
• Dhrupad
• Dhrupad is one of the oldest genres of Hindustani classical music, emphasizing spiritual and meditative aspects.
• It is characterized by slow, deliberate movements and the use of the Pakhawaj for rhythmic accompaniment.
• This style is often performed in temples and has a strong connection to India's cultural heritage.
• Significance of Gharanas in Music
• A gharana represents a specific school or style of classical music, passed down through generations.
• Each gharana is unique in its approach to melody, rhythm, and technique.
• Gharanas play a crucial role in preserving the diversity and richness of Indian classical music traditions.

The correct answer is 1802.

Key Points

• The Treaty of Bassein was signed on 31 December 1802 between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa.
• It was a significant event that marked the beginning of British dominance over the Maratha Confederacy.
• Under the treaty, Baji Rao II accepted the subsidiary alliance system, agreeing to maintain a British military force within his territory in exchange for protection.
• The treaty led to the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805), as other Maratha leaders opposed the agreement and British interference.
• This treaty ultimately weakened the Maratha Empire and paved the way for British expansion in India.

Additional Information

• Subsidiary Alliance:
• A diplomatic strategy introduced by Lord Wellesley in 1798 to establish British dominance in India.
• Under this system, Indian rulers were required to accept a British military presence and pay for its maintenance, losing their autonomy in foreign affairs.
• The Treaty of Bassein was a classic example of the subsidiary alliance system.
• Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805):
• It was triggered by the Treaty of Bassein as other Maratha leaders, such as Scindia and Bhonsle, opposed British control.
• The British emerged victorious, significantly reducing Maratha power and influence.
• Baji Rao II:
• He was the last formal Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.
• His tenure was marked by internal Maratha conflicts and increasing British intervention.
• Impact of the Treaty:
• The treaty marked a turning point, as it weakened the Marathas and strengthened British control over India.
• It set the stage for further conflicts, eventually leading to the complete dissolution of the Maratha Empire by 1818.

The correct answer is 50/27.

Key Points

• The kinetic energy of an object is given by the formula: KE = 1/2 mv², where m is the mass and v is the velocity of the object.
• When objects are dropped from a height, their final velocity (v) upon hitting the ground can be calculated using the equation of motion: v = g × t, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²) and t is the time taken to reach the ground.
• For object A (mass = 2 kg, time = 5 s): v_A = g × t = 9.8 × 5 = 49 m/s. KE_A = (1/2) × 2 × (49)² = 2401 J.
• For object B (mass = 3 kg, time = 3 s): v_B = g × t = 9.8 × 3 = 29.4 m/s. KE_B = (1/2) × 3 × (29.4)² = 1294.38 J.
• The ratio of their kinetic energies: KE_A : KE_B = 2401 : 1294.38 ≈ 50 : 27.

Additional Information

• Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed by a body due to its motion. It is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity.
• Equation of Motion: The equation v = g × t assumes free-fall conditions where air resistance is negligible, and the object starts from rest.
• Acceleration due to Gravity (g): The rate at which an object accelerates when in free fall near the Earth's surface, typically 9.8 m/s².
• Relationship between Mass and Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy depends linearly on mass; hence, a heavier object has higher kinetic energy if velocity remains constant.
• Practical Implications: This principle is widely applied in mechanics, aerospace, sports physics, and other fields where motion and energy analysis are crucial.

The correct answer is 125 days.

Key Points

• The Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana was launched by the Government of India in 2020 to address the challenges faced by migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• It aims to provide employment opportunities for 125 days in 116 districts across six states in India.
• The scheme covers areas such as construction, rural infrastructure, sanitation, and agricultural activities to ensure livelihood generation.
• It focuses on utilizing resources under various government programs like MNREGA, PMAY, and rural schemes.
• The target beneficiaries of the scheme are returnee migrant workers affected by the economic slowdown due to the pandemic.

Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA):
• A flagship scheme of the Government of India aimed at providing at least 100 days of wage employment to rural households.
• It plays a pivotal role in generating rural livelihood and empowering women and marginalized communities.
• MNREGA funding is utilized in Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana to create employment opportunities.
• PM Garib Kalyan Package:
• An economic relief package announced in March 2020 to support poor and vulnerable sections during the COVID-19 crisis.
• It included direct cash transfers, free food grains distribution, and support for healthcare workers.
• The employment initiative under Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana complements this package.
• Rural Infrastructure Development:
• Key focus areas include rural road construction, water conservation, waste management, and housing development.
• Such projects under Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana aim to boost rural employment and improve living standards.
• COVID-19 and Migrant Workers:
• The pandemic led to unprecedented challenges for migrant workers, including loss of jobs and reverse migration.
• Garib Kalyan Rojgar Yojana was specifically designed to address these challenges by providing livelihood opportunities in their native districts.

The correct answer is Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Key Points

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Bill, 2024, was introduced by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in February 2024.
• The amendment aims to strengthen existing laws related to the prevention and control of water pollution and enhance accountability mechanisms.
• The bill proposes to update penalties and compliance measures for industries and entities found violating pollution norms.
• The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change oversees policies and programs aimed at environmental conservation, pollution mitigation, and climate change adaptation.
• The amendment is aligned with India's commitment to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).

Additional Information

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:
• The original act was enacted to prevent and control water pollution and maintain or restore the wholesomeness of water in India.
• It led to the establishment of Central and State Pollution Control Boards for monitoring and enforcement.
• The act provides the framework for regulating industries and other entities that discharge waste into water bodies.
• Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6):
• SDG 6 aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• It emphasizes targets such as improving water quality, reducing pollution, and increasing water-use efficiency.
• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change:
• The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programs.
• It plays a key role in formulating policies aimed at environmental protection and sustainable development.
• Water pollution:
• Water pollution refers to contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
• Major causes include industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage.

The correct answer is West Bengal.

Key Points

• Baharampur is a Lok Sabha constituency located in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal.
• West Bengal has 42 Lok Sabha constituencies, making it one of the states with significant representation in the Parliament.
• The region of Baharampur is historically known for its role during the Bengal Renaissance and has a rich cultural and political legacy.
• Murshidabad, where Baharampur is located, was once the capital of Bengal during the Mughal period.
• The constituency has been represented by various prominent leaders in Indian politics over the years.

Additional Information

• Lok Sabha Constituencies:
• India has a total of 543 Lok Sabha constituencies, each representing a specific geographical area.
• The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament, and members are directly elected by citizens of India.
• West Bengal contributes 42 seats to the Lok Sabha, which is among the highest in India.
• Murshidabad District:
• Murshidabad is known for its historical significance as the former capital of Bengal.
• The district is famous for landmarks such as Hazarduari Palace and the Katra Mosque.
• It is culturally rich and has played a pivotal role in Bengal’s history.
• Bengal Renaissance:
• The Bengal Renaissance was a cultural, social, and political movement during the 19^th and early 20^th centuries.
• It marked a period of significant reform and progress in Bengal, impacting education, literature, and politics.
• West Bengal Politics:
• West Bengal has been a key player in Indian politics, with significant contributions from leaders like Rabindranath Tagore, Subhas Chandra Bose, and others.
• Political parties like the Trinamool Congress (TMC) and Communist Party of India (CPI) have historically dominated the state.

The correct answer is Yeasts.

Key Points

• Yeasts are single-celled fungi widely used as a natural leavening agent in baking.
• They convert sugars into carbon dioxide and ethanol through the process of fermentation, causing dough to rise.
• Commonly used yeast species in baking include Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• Yeasts are essential in making bread, pastries, and cakes as they improve texture, flavor, and volume.
• They are also used in other industries, such as brewing and bioethanol production.

Additional Information

• Fermentation:
• A metabolic process where microorganisms like yeast convert carbohydrates into alcohol or acids.
• In baking, fermentation produces carbon dioxide, which causes dough to expand and rise.
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae:
• Commonly known as baker's yeast, it is a species of yeast used in baking, brewing, and winemaking.
• It is known for its efficiency in sugar fermentation and its ability to produce high-quality products.
• Leavening agents:
• Substances used in baking to produce gas and expand dough or batter.
• Types include biological (yeast), chemical (baking powder and soda), and physical (air and steam).
• Role of yeast in baking:
• Yeast fermentation enhances the flavor of baked goods by producing secondary metabolites.
• It contributes to the light, airy texture of bread and other baked goods.

The correct answer is 1971-1975.

Key Points

• The nationalization of coal mines in India occurred during the period 1971-1975.
• The process began with the nationalization of coking coal mines through the Coking Coal Mines (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1971.
• In 1973, the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act was passed, extending nationalization to non-coking coal mines.
• The nationalization aimed to regulate coal production, improve safety measures, and ensure equitable distribution of coal resources.
• The nationalized coal mines were brought under the control of public sector companies like Coal India Limited (CIL) and its subsidiaries.

Additional Information

• Coal India Limited (CIL)
• CIL is a public sector company established in 1975 and is headquartered in Kolkata, India.
• It is the largest coal-producing company in the world and operates under the Ministry of Coal.
• CIL is responsible for meeting the growing energy demands of India through coal production.
• Types of Coal
• Coal is classified into different types based on carbon content: Anthracite, Bituminous, Sub-bituminous, and Lignite.
• Coking coal is used in steel production, while non-coking coal is primarily used for electricity generation.
• Reasons for Nationalization
• The coal industry faced challenges such as unscientific mining practices, poor safety standards, and exploitation of labor.
• Nationalization aimed to address these issues and ensure efficient use of coal resources for national development.
• Impact of Nationalization
• It led to the creation of a structured and organized coal industry in India.
• Nationalization improved safety measures, working conditions, and production efficiency.
• It enabled the government to control coal prices and ensure equitable distribution.

The correct answer is International Human Rights Commission.

Key Points

• The International Human Rights Commission (IHRC) is a global organization and does not have jurisdiction to investigate human rights violations within India.
• Human rights complaints in India are primarily handled by national statutory bodies like the National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC).
• Other commissions, such as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and the National Commission for Women (NCW), investigate rights violations specific to their respective domains in India.
• The IHRC is focused on international advocacy and awareness rather than direct investigation or enforcement of human rights laws in individual countries.

Additional Information

• National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC):
• Established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, the NHRC is a statutory body in India.
• It investigates complaints of human rights violations and recommends remedial action to the government.
• The commission also promotes research and awareness about human rights issues in India.
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC):
• Constituted under Article 338 of the Indian Constitution, the NCSC safeguards the rights of Scheduled Castes in India.
• It monitors the implementation of constitutional and legal safeguards for Scheduled Castes and investigates related complaints.
• National Commission for Women (NCW):
• Set up in January 1992, the NCW focuses on protecting and promoting the rights of women in India.
• It reviews laws, policies, and programs affecting women and addresses grievances related to gender discrimination and violence.
• International Human Rights Commission (IHRC):
• A non-governmental organization that works globally to promote human rights awareness and advocacy.
• It does not have any legislative or judicial authority to investigate or enforce human rights within sovereign states.

The correct answer is M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru.

Key Points

• The final match of the T20 Blind Cricket World Cup 2022 was held at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru, India.
• The tournament was organized by the Cricket Association for the Blind in India (CABI) under the aegis of the World Blind Cricket Council (WBCC).
• India emerged victorious in the final match, showcasing exceptional skills and teamwork to retain their title as champions of blind cricket.
• The T20 Blind Cricket World Cup 2022 featured participation from multiple countries, promoting inclusivity and accessibility in sports.
• Bengaluru, as the host city, played a pivotal role in providing world-class facilities for the players and organizing a successful event.

Additional Information

• Blind Cricket
• Blind cricket is a version of cricket adapted for players with visual impairments, governed by the World Blind Cricket Council (WBCC).
• The ball used in blind cricket is larger and emits sound to assist players in tracking it.
• Players are categorized into three groups based on their visual impairment: B1 (totally blind), B2 (partially blind), and B3 (partially sighted).
• M. Chinnaswamy Stadium
• Located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, it is one of India's premier cricket stadiums and home to the Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA).
• The stadium has hosted numerous international matches and is also the home ground for the Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) in the Indian Premier League (IPL).
• World Blind Cricket Council (WBCC)
• The WBCC is the governing body for blind cricket worldwide, promoting the sport among visually impaired athletes.
• It organizes international tournaments, including the T20 Blind Cricket World Cup.
• Cricket Association for the Blind in India (CABI)
• CABI is an independent entity affiliated with the WBCC, responsible for promoting and organizing blind cricket in India.
• It plays a critical role in identifying talent and ensuring participation in international tournaments.

The correct answer is Egypt.

Key Points

• On Republic Day 2023, Egypt's Armed Forces contingent marched alongside Indian troops as part of the celebrations.
• This marked the first time Egypt participated in India's Republic Day parade with a military contingent.
• Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi was the Chief Guest at India's 74^th Republic Day celebrations in 2023.
• The Egyptian contingent consisted of 144 personnel and symbolized the growing defense ties between India and Egypt.
• The participation highlighted the strategic partnership and historical ties between the two nations.

Additional Information

• India-Egypt Defense Relations
• India and Egypt have strengthened their defense cooperation through joint military exercises and exchanges.
• The countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on defense cooperation during President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi's visit.
• Egypt is seen as a key strategic partner in the Middle East and Africa for India.
• Republic Day Parade Significance
• The Republic Day parade showcases India’s military strength, cultural diversity, and achievements.
• It is held annually on January 26^th at Rajpath (renamed Kartavya Path) in New Delhi.
• The event commemorates the day India’s Constitution came into effect in 1950.
• Chief Guest Tradition
• Inviting a Chief Guest is a tradition to enhance diplomatic ties and signify India's global outreach.
• Prominent world leaders have been invited as Chief Guests over the years, including heads of state and government.
• India-Egypt Historical Ties
• India and Egypt share a long-standing friendship dating back to the Non-Aligned Movement era.
• Both countries have collaborated in areas like trade, education, and culture, apart from defense.
• Egypt was one of the first Arab countries to recognize India's independence in 1947.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The Ganga River has been mentioned only once in the Rigveda, specifically in Mandala 10, Hymn 75, verse 5.
• In the Rigveda, rivers like the Saraswati and Sindhu are more prominently referred to compared to the Ganga.
• The mention of the Ganga in the Rigveda is brief, indicating its lesser significance during the early Vedic period compared to later Indian texts.
• The Rigveda primarily focuses on the geography of northwest India, which was central to the early Vedic civilization.
• Later Vedic texts and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana emphasize the spiritual and cultural importance of the Ganga River.

Additional Information

• Rigveda: The oldest of the four Vedas, composed around 1500 BCE, it is a collection of hymns dedicated to various deities and natural elements.
• Saraswati River: Extensively mentioned in the Rigveda, it is described as a mighty and sacred river, often associated with divinity and prosperity.
• Indus River (Sindhu): The Rigveda highlights the Sindhu River as a major geographical and cultural landmark of the early Vedic civilization.
• Later Vedic Period: The Ganga gains prominence in later Vedic texts, marking a shift in the geographical focus of Vedic civilization towards eastern India.
• Cultural Significance: The Ganga River is revered in Hinduism as a sacred entity and is personified as Goddess Ganga in Indian mythology.

Given:

Find the value of \left[ (42 \div 7) \times \left{ \frac{42}{3} + \frac{19}{4} \times (8 - 4) \right} \right]

Calculations:

[ (42 ÷ 7) × { (42)/(3) + (19)/(4) × (8 - 4) } ]

⇒ [ (6) × { (42)/(3) + (19)/(4) × (4) } ]

⇒ [ (6) × { 14 + (76)/(4) } ]

⇒ [ (6) × { 14 + 19 } ]

⇒ [ (6) × 33 ]

⇒ 198

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Shortcut Trick

The extra interest Gopal gets is solely due to his extra principal.

Difference in Principal = 9400 − 5400 = 4000

Difference in SI = (Difference in P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ 840 = (4000 × R × 3) ÷ 100

⇒ 120R = 840 ⇒ R = 7

∴ The correct answer is 7%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amit's investment (P₁) = ₹5400

Gopal's investment (P₂) = ₹9400

Time (T) = 3 years

Difference in simple interest = ₹840

Principal Amount Comparison (for 3 years)

Amit: ₹5400

Gopal: ₹9400

Extra: ₹4000

Interest on ₹4000 = ₹840

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

Let the rate of interest be R% per annum.

⇒ Gopal's SI − Amit's SI = 840

⇒ [(9400 × R × 3) ÷ 100] − [(5400 × R × 3) ÷ 100] = 840

⇒ 282R − 162R = 840

⇒ 120R = 840

⇒ R = 840 ÷ 120 = 7

∴ The correct answer is 7%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Formula

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is Principal, R is Rate per annum, and T is Time in years.

Difference in Interest

If two sums P₁ and P₂ are invested at the same rate R and time T, the difference in their interests is SI₂ − SI₁ = [(P₂ − P₁) × R × T] ÷ 100.

Principal from Amount

Amount (A) = P + SI = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100].

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of speeds of A and B = 3 : 5

Since distance is constant, the ratio of time taken is inversely proportional to the speed.

Ratio of time of A and B = 5 : 3

Time taken by B (3 parts) = 18 min

Time taken by A (5 parts) = (18 ÷ 3) × 5 = 30 min

∴ The correct answer is 30 min.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of walking speeds of A and B = 3 : 5

Time taken by B = 18 min

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Distance = Speed × Time

A : Speed = 3v Time = T min

B : Speed = 5v Time = 18 min

Distance is Constant

Calculations:

⇒ Let the speed of A be 3v and the speed of B be 5v.

⇒ Let the time taken by A be T.

⇒ Since both cover the same distance, Distance by A = Distance by B

⇒ Speed of A × Time of A = Speed of B × Time of B

⇒ 3v × T = 5v × 18

⇒ 3 × T = 90

⇒ T = 90 ÷ 3

⇒ T = 30 min

∴ The correct answer is 30 min.

Additional Information

Inverse Proportionality

When the distance is constant, speed and time are inversely proportional. Thus, S₁ × T₁ = S₂ × T₂.

Average Speed

If two equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, then the Average Speed over the entire journey = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

If two bodies move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂. If they move in the same direction, relative speed = |S₁ − S₂|.

Shortcut Trick

Let SP of 1 chair = 1 unit.

SP of 151 chairs = 151 units, and Gain = 51 units.

CP = Total SP − Gain = 151 − 51 = 100 units.

Profit % = (Gain ÷ CP) × 100 = (51 ÷ 100) × 100 = 51%.

∴ The correct answer is 51%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total chairs sold = 151

Gain = Selling Price of 51 chairs

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = Selling Price (SP) − Profit

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

Total Selling Price = 151 units

Cost Price = 100 Profit = 51

Profit % = (51 ÷ 100) × 100 = 51%

Calculations:

⇒ Let SP of 1 chair = 1 unit.

⇒ Total SP (151 chairs) = 151 units

⇒ Profit (SP of 51 chairs) = 51 units

⇒ CP = SP − Profit = 151 − 51 = 100 units

⇒ Profit % = (51 ÷ 100) × 100

⇒ Profit % = 51%

∴ The correct answer is 51%.

Additional Information

Loss in terms of Selling Price

If loss equals the SP of x items when selling y items, then CP = SP of (y + x) items. Loss % = [x ÷ (y + x)] × 100.

Gain in terms of Cost Price

If gain equals the CP of x items when selling y items, then CP is equivalent to y items. Profit % = (x ÷ y) × 100.

Dishonest Dealer Concept

If a dealer sells goods at CP but uses false weight, Profit % = [Error ÷ (True Value − Error)] × 100.

Given:

Evaluate: 32 ÷ 8 × 4 - 3 × 4

Calculation:

32 ÷ 8 × 4 - 3 × 4

⇒ (32 ÷ 8) × 4 - (3 × 4)

⇒ 4 × 4 - 12

⇒ 16 - 12

⇒ 4

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

Speed ratio (Normal : New) = 4 : 3

Since distance is constant, Time ratio (Normal : New) = 3 : 4

Difference in time ratio parts = 4 − 3 = 1 part.

Given 1 part = 33 minutes.

Normal time (3 parts) = 33 × 3 = 99 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 99 minutes.

Alternate Method

City A City B

Speed = S, Time = T

Speed = 3/4 S, Time = T + 33

Given:

New Speed = 3/4 of Normal Speed

Delay time = 33 minutes

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let the normal speed be S and the normal time taken be T.

⇒ Distance D = S × T

In the second case, New Speed = 3S/4

⇒ New Time taken = Distance ÷ New Speed

⇒ New Time = D ÷ (3S/4) = 4D / 3S

Substitute D = S × T into the new time equation:

⇒ New Time = 4 × (S × T) / 3S = 4T/3

The difference between the new time and normal time is given as 33 minutes.

⇒ (4T/3) − T = 33

⇒ (4T − 3T) / 3 = 33

⇒ T/3 = 33

⇒ T = 33 × 3 = 99 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 99 minutes.

Additional Information

Inverse Proportion of Speed and Time

When the distance covered is constant, Speed and Time are inversely proportional to each other. S₁ × T₁ = S₂ × T₂.

Average Speed

Average Speed is the ratio of Total Distance to Total Time. If equal distance is covered at speeds A and B, then Average Speed = (2 × A × B) / (A + B).

Relative Speed

For two bodies moving in opposite directions, the relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (S₁ + S₂). If moving in the same direction, relative speed is the difference (|S₁ − S₂|).

Shortcut Trick

The fractional value of 25% is 1/4. This implies a reduction of 1 part out of 4 total parts.

So, the new price becomes (4 − 1) ÷ 4 = 3/4 of the original price.

New Price = 3/4 × 22,200

New Price = 3 × 5,550 = 16,650

∴ The correct answer is ₹16,650.

Alternate Method

Given:

Original price of the computer = ₹22,200

Reduction in price = 25%

Original Price ₹22,200

−25%

New Price 75% of Base

Formula Used:

New Price = Original Price × (100 − Reduction%) ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ New Price = 22200 × (100 − 25) ÷ 100

⇒ New Price = 22200 × (75 ÷ 100)

⇒ New Price = 22200 × 3/4

⇒ New Price = 5550 × 3

⇒ New Price = 16650

∴ The correct answer is ₹16,650.

Additional Information

Percentage Change Formula

When a value decreases by R%, the new value is obtained by: New Value = Old Value × (100 − R) ÷ 100.

Base and Multiplier Method

For standard percentages, using fractional multipliers simplifies calculations. For example, a 20% decrease means multiplying by 4/5, and a 25% decrease means multiplying by 3/4.

Successive Reduction

If two successive reductions of x% and y% are applied, the net effective reduction is given by the formula: (x + y − x×y/100)%.

Shortcut Trick

The target workforce is 8 men and 6 women.

Notice that (8 men + 6 women) = 2 × (4 men + 3 women).

When the size of the workforce is exactly doubled, the time required to complete the job is halved.

Time taken = 6 days ÷ 2 = 3 days.

∴ The correct answer is 3 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

4 Men and 3 Women complete the job in 6 days.

5 Men and 7 Women complete the job in 4 days.

Formula Used:

Total Work = LCM of given days

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Let the efficiency of a Man be M and a Woman be W.

⇒ 4M + 3W = 2   ... (i)

⇒ 5M + 7W = 3   ... (ii)

⇒ Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 4 gives:

⇒ 20M + 15W = 10

⇒ 20M + 28W = 12

⇒ Subtracting the first from the second: 13W = 2 ⇒ W = 2/13

⇒ Substituting W in (i): 4M + 3 × (2/13) = 2

⇒ 4M = 2 − 6/13 = 20/13 ⇒ M = 5/13

⇒ Efficiency of target group (8M + 6W) = 8 × (5/13) + 6 × (2/13)

⇒ Target Efficiency = 40/13 + 12/13 = 52/13 = 4 units/day

⇒ Time taken = Total Work ÷ Efficiency = 12 ÷ 4 = 3 days

∴ The correct answer is 3 days.

Additional Information

MDH Concept

For group work problems, the relation M₁ × D₁ × H₁ ÷ W₁ = M₂ × D₂ × H₂ ÷ W₂ is universally used, where M is number of workers, D is days, H is hours, and W is work.

Work and Efficiency Relation

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken. If the efficiency (or number of workers) is multiplied by a factor k, the time taken is directly divided by k.

Combined Efficiency

When multiple people or distinct groups work together, their one-day work (efficiencies) are added directly: Total Efficiency = E₁ + E₂ + ... + E_n.

Given:

\left[ (63 \div 9) × \left{ \frac{14}{7} + \frac{19}{1} × (7 - 6) \right} \right]

Calculation:

⇒ \left[ (63 \div 9) × \left{ \frac{14}{7} + \frac{19}{1} × (7 - 6) \right} \right]

⇒ 7 × {2 + 19 × 1}

⇒ 7 × {2 + 19}

⇒ 7 × 21

⇒ 147

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Shortcut Trick

For equal distances, assume the distance to be the LCM of the given speeds (12, 18, 24, 36) = 72 km.

Total time taken for 4 segments = (72 ÷ 12) + (72 ÷ 18) + (72 ÷ 24) + (72 ÷ 36) = 6 + 4 + 3 + 2 = 15 hours.

Total assumed distance = 4 × 72 = 288 km.

Average speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time = 288 ÷ 15 = 19.2 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 19.2 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Four equal successive distances = 8 km each

Speeds for each segment = 12 km/hr, 18 km/hr, 24 km/hr, and 36 km/hr

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

8 km 8 km 8 km 8 km

12 km/hr 18 km/hr 24 km/hr 36 km/hr

t₁ = 8/12 h t₂ = 8/18 h t₃ = 8/24 h t₄ = 8/36 h

Total Distance = 32 km Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 32 km

⇒ Total Time = (8 ÷ 12) + (8 ÷ 18) + (8 ÷ 24) + (8 ÷ 36)

⇒ Total Time = 2/3 + 4/9 + 1/3 + 2/9

⇒ Total Time = (2/3 + 1/3) + (4/9 + 2/9)

⇒ Total Time = 1 + 6/9 = 1 + 2/3 = 5/3 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 32 ÷ (5/3)

⇒ Average Speed = (32 × 3) ÷ 5 = 96 ÷ 5

⇒ Average Speed = 19.2 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 19.2 km/hr.

Additional Information

Concept of Average Speed

Average speed is always calculated as Total Distance ÷ Total Time. It is not the simple arithmetic mean of the given speeds unless the time traveled at each speed is exactly identical.

Average Speed for Two Equal Distances

If a person travels two equal halves of a journey at speeds x and y, the average speed is given directly by the formula: (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Average Speed for Three Equal Distances

If a person travels three equal parts of a journey at speeds x, y, and z, the average speed is calculated as: (3 × x × y × z) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Shortcut Trick

By net deviation method: Value of new member = Old Average + (Total new members × Increase in average)

⇒ Total members including teacher = 39 + 1 = 40

⇒ Increase in average = 40 − 39 = 1 year

⇒ Age of teacher = 39 + (40 × 1) = 79

∴ The correct answer is 79 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average age of 39 students = 39 years.

Average age of (39 students + 1 teacher) = 40 years.

39 Students (Avg = 39)

39 Students +1 Teacher

New Avg = 40 (Total 40 persons)

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 39 students = 39 × 39 = 1521 years

⇒ Total number of persons after adding the teacher = 39 + 1 = 40 persons

⇒ New average age = 40 years

⇒ Total age of 40 persons = 40 × 40 = 1600 years

⇒ Age of the teacher = Total age of 40 persons − Total age of 39 students

⇒ Age of the teacher = 1600 − 1521 = 79 years

∴ The correct answer is 79 years.

Additional Information

Net Deviation Method

When a new value is added to a group, the change in the total sum equals the net deviation. The formula is: New Entry = Old Average ± (Total Current Members × Change in Average).

Combined Average

When combining two groups of sizes n₁ and n₂ with averages A₁ and A₂ respectively, the combined average is given by: (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Sum of Values

The foundational property of an average implies that the sum of all individual items is always equal to the average multiplied by the number of items in the group.

Shortcut Trick

The Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a hemisphere is calculated directly using the formula 2πr².

⇒ CSA = 2 × π × (13√3)²

⇒ CSA = 2 × π × 169 × 3 = 1014π cm²

∴ The correct answer is 1014π cm².

Alternate Method

r = 13√3 cm Curved Surface Area = 2πr²

Given:

Radius of the hemisphere (r) = 13√3 cm

Formula Used:

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a hemisphere = 2πr²

Calculation:

⇒ CSA = 2 × π × (13√3)²

⇒ CSA = 2 × π × (13² × (√3)²)

⇒ CSA = 2 × π × (169 × 3)

⇒ CSA = 2 × π × 507

⇒ CSA = 1014π cm²

∴ The correct answer is 1014π cm².

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of a Hemisphere

The total surface area includes both the curved surface and the flat circular base. Formula: TSA = 3πr²

Volume of a Hemisphere

The volume represents the total 3D space occupied by the hemisphere. Formula: Volume = (2 ÷ 3)πr³

Surface Area & Volume of a Complete Sphere

For a full sphere of radius r, Surface Area = 4πr² and Volume = (4 ÷ 3)πr³

Shortcut Trick

Let the initial price of the fuel be 100.

Using the successive percentage multiplying factor method:

Final price = 100 × (1 − 0.40) × (1 − 0.50) × (1 − 0.15) × (1 + 0.40)

Final price = 100 × 0.60 × 0.50 × 0.85 × 1.40 = 35.7

Percentage decrease = 100 − 35.7 = 64.3%

∴ The correct answer is 64.3% decrease.

Alternate Method

Given:

Successive changes in fuel price: −40%, −50%, −15% and +40%.

Formula Used:

Final Value = Initial Value × (1 ± R₁/100) × (1 ± R₂/100) × ...

Start Final

100

−40%

60

−50%

30

−15%

25.5

+40%

35.7

Net Decrease: 100 − 35.7 = 64.3%

Calculations:

Let the original price of the fuel be 100.

⇒ Price after 1^st month = 100 × (100 − 40)/100 = 60

⇒ Price after 2^nd month = 60 × (100 − 50)/100 = 30

⇒ Price after 3^rd month = 30 × (100 − 15)/100 = 25.5

⇒ Price after 4^th month = 25.5 × (100 + 40)/100 = 35.7

⇒ Net decrease = Initial Price − Final Price = 100 − 35.7 = 64.3

Since the final value is lower than the initial value, there is an overall decrease of 64.3%.

∴ The correct answer is 64.3% decrease.

Additional Information

Multiplying Factor Method

This method is the fastest technique for calculating multiple successive percentage changes. Simply multiply the base value by (1 ± r/100) for every consecutive change step involved.

Successive Percentage Change Formula

For two successive changes of a% and b%, the net percentage change can be directly found using the formula (a + b + (a × b)/100)%. Use positive signs for increases and negative signs for decreases.

Percentage Reversibility

A helpful trick to mentally solve complex percentages is that x% of y is exactly equal to y% of x. Applying this can often simplify fractions and calculations without altering the final result.

Shortcut Trick

The third proportional of two terms a and b is calculated as b² ÷ a.

⇒ 48 = (4xy)² ÷ 3x²

⇒ 48 = 16x²y² ÷ 3x²

⇒ 48 = 16y² ÷ 3

⇒ y² = 9 ⇒ y = 3

∴ The correct answer is y = 3.

Alternate Method

Given:

First term (a) = 3x²

Second term (b) = 4xy

Third proportional (c) = 48

Formula Used:

If c is the third proportional to a and b, then a : b :: b : c, which gives c = b² ÷ a.

3x²

:

4xy

::

4xy

:

48

Third Proportional Structure

First (a) Second (b) Second (b) Third (c)

Calculations:

⇒ 48 = (4xy)² ÷ 3x²

⇒ 48 = 16x²y² ÷ 3x²

⇒ 48 = 16y² ÷ 3

⇒ 144 = 16y²

⇒ y² = 144 ÷ 16

⇒ y² = 9

⇒ y = √9 = 3 (taking the positive value as required)

∴ The correct answer is y = 3.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two quantities a and b is given by √(a × b).

Fourth Proportional

If d is the fourth proportional to a, b, and c, then a : b = c : d, which simplifies to d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of two ratios a : b and c : d is defined as (a × c) : (b × d).

Shortcut Trick

Direct formula for CI and SI difference for 3 years is D = P × (R/100)² × (300 + R)/100.

Here, D = 228 and R = 4%.

⇒ 228 = P × (4/100)² × (304/100)

⇒ 228 = P × (1/625) × (76/25)

⇒ P = (228 × 15625) ÷ 76 = 3 × 15625

∴ The correct answer is ₹46875.

Alternate Method

Given:

Difference between CI and SI for 3 years (D) = ₹228

Rate of Interest (R) = 4% per annum

Time (T) = 3 years

Formula Used:

Difference (D) = P × (R/100)² × (300 + R)/100

Tree Method for 3 Years CI vs SI Difference

Principal (P)

SI (Yr 1)

SI (Yr 2)

SI (Yr 3)

d

2d

x

d = P × (R/100)^2 x = d × (R/100) Diff = 3d + x

Calculations:

⇒ 228 = P × (4/100)² × (300 + 4)/100

⇒ 228 = P × (1/25)² × (304/100)

⇒ 228 = P × (1/625) × (76/25)

⇒ P = (228 × 625 × 25) ÷ 76

⇒ P = 3 × 15625

⇒ P = 46875

∴ The correct answer is ₹46875.

Additional Information

Difference for 2 Years

The difference between CI and SI for exactly 2 years is given by the formula: D = P × (R/100)².

Effective Rate of Compound Interest

For 2 years, the effective compound interest rate is calculated as [R + R + (R² ÷ 100)]% of the principal.

Tree Method for CI

A visual technique that clearly separates interest on principal (the simple interest part) and interest on previous interest (the difference part) across different years.

Shortcut Trick

For 2 years, Rate (R%) = [200 × (CI − SI)] ÷ SI

⇒ R = [200 × (65 − 40)] ÷ 40 = (200 × 25) ÷ 40 = 5000 ÷ 40 = 125%

Now, Principal (P) = (SI × 100) ÷ (R × T)

⇒ P = (40 × 100) ÷ (125 × 2) = 4000 ÷ 250 = 16

∴ The correct answer is ₹16.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) for 2 years = ₹40

Compound Interest (CI) for 2 years = ₹65

P = ?

1^st Yr: ₹20

2^nd Yr: ₹20

Diff: ₹25

Rate (R%)

Total SI = ₹40 | Total CI = ₹20 + ₹20 + ₹25 = ₹65

Calculations:

⇒ Simple Interest remains the same for every year. Thus, SI for 1 year = ₹40 ÷ 2 = ₹20.

⇒ Difference between CI and SI for 2 years = ₹65 − ₹40 = ₹25.

⇒ In compound interest, this extra ₹25 in the 2^nd year is the interest earned on the 1^st year's simple interest (₹20).

⇒ Rate of Interest (R) = (Interest on Interest ÷ SI for 1 year) × 100

⇒ R = (25 ÷ 20) × 100 = 125%

⇒ We know that SI for 1 year = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ 20 = (P × 125 × 1) ÷ 100

⇒ 20 = P × 1.25

⇒ P = 20 ÷ 1.25 = 16

∴ The correct answer is ₹16.

Additional Information

SI vs CI Difference for 2 Years

The difference between compound interest and simple interest for 2 years is given by the formula D = P × (R ÷ 100)².

SI vs CI Difference for 3 Years

For 3 years, the difference formula becomes D = P × (R ÷ 100)² × (3 + R ÷ 100).

Relation between SI and CI for 2 Years

If the principal and rate are the same, CI for 2 years can be directly related to SI using: CI = SI × (1 + R ÷ 200).

Shortcut Trick For a third proportional c to a and b, the relation is b2 = ac. Here, a = x, b = x + 100, and c = 405, giving (x + 100)2 = 405x. Instead of solving the quadratic equation, we can test the options directly. Checking x = 125 (Option 3): LHS = (125 + 100)2 = 2252 = 50625. RHS = 405 × 125 = 50625. Since LHS = RHS, x = 125 is the valid root satisfying x > 100. ∴ The correct answer is 125.

Alternate Method Given: First term (a) = x Second term (b) = x + 100 Third proportional (c) = 405 Condition: x > 100

Formula Used: If c is the third proportional to a and b, they are in continued proportion: a : b :: b : c, which gives b2 = a × c.

x 1^st Term (a)

:

x + 100 2^nd Term (b)

::

405 3^rd Term (c)

a × c = b × b

Calculations: ⇒ (x + 100)2 = x × 405 ⇒ x2 + 200x + 10000 = 405x ⇒ x2 − 205x + 10000 = 0 ⇒ x2 − 125x − 80x + 10000 = 0 ⇒ x(x − 125) − 80(x − 125) = 0 ⇒ (x − 125)(x − 80) = 0 ⇒ x = 125 or x = 80 ⇒ Since it is strictly given that x > 100, we discard x = 80. ⇒ x = 125 ∴ The correct answer is 125.

Additional Information Third Proportional If three quantities a, b, and c are in continued proportion, then c is called the third proportional. It is computed as c = b2 ÷ a. Mean Proportional The mean proportional (or geometric mean) between two numbers a and b is √(ab). Fourth Proportional If four quantities a, b, c, and d form a proportion (a : b :: c : d), then d is the fourth proportional. It is evaluated as d = (b × c) ÷ a. Componendo and Dividendo A crucial property of proportions which states that if a/b = c/d, then (a+b)/(a−b) = (c+d)/(c−d).

Shortcut Trick

Total CP = Base CP + Overhead = 22400 + 1600 = 24000

Ratio of CP : SP = 24000 : 28500 = 16 : 19

Profit = 19 − 16 = 3 units on a CP base of 16 units

Profit % = (3 ÷ 16) × 100 = 18.75%

∴ The correct answer is 18.75%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost price of 12 pairs of shoes = ₹22,400

Overhead expenses = ₹1,600

Selling price of 12 pairs of shoes = ₹28,500

Formula Used:

Total CP = Cost Price + Overhead expenses

Profit = Selling Price − Total CP

Profit % = (Profit ÷ Total CP) × 100

Base CP: ₹22400

OH

Total CP = ₹24000

Selling Price: ₹28500

Profit: ₹4500 Profit % = 4500 ÷ 24000 × 100 = 18.75%

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP = 22400 + 1600 = ₹24,000

⇒ Profit = 28500 − 24000 = ₹4,500

⇒ Profit % = (4500 ÷ 24000) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (45 ÷ 240) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (3 ÷ 16) × 100

⇒ Profit % = 18.75%

∴ The correct answer is 18.75%.

Additional Information

Total Cost Price (CP)

When overhead expenses like transportation, repair, or taxes are incurred, they are directly added to the base cost price to determine the total effective CP before calculating profit or loss.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). The formula used is Selling Price = MP − (Discount % × MP ÷ 100).

Dishonest Dealer Concept

If a seller uses false weight while claiming to sell at CP, Profit % = (Error ÷ True Value) × 100, where True Value is the actual weight given.

Shortcut Trick

The required number must be a multiple of the LCM of 12, 20, and 25.

LCM(12, 20, 25) = 300.

The greatest 3-digit multiple of 300 is simply 300 × 3 = 900.

The sum of the digits of 900 is 9 + 0 + 0 = 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given:

The divisors are 12, 20, and 25.

X is the greatest 3-digit number perfectly divisible by these numbers.

Concept Used:

The smallest number exactly divisible by a set of numbers is their Lowest Common Multiple (LCM).

Any other number divisible by these numbers must be a multiple of their LCM.

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ Prime factorization of 20 = 2² × 5

⇒ Prime factorization of 25 = 5²

⇒ LCM of (12, 20, 25) = highest powers of prime factors = 2² × 3 × 5²

⇒ LCM = 4 × 3 × 25 = 300

⇒ The greatest 3-digit number is 999.

⇒ Dividing 999 by 300 gives a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 99.

⇒ The greatest 3-digit number exactly divisible by 300 is 999 − 99 = 900.

⇒ So, X = 900.

⇒ The sum of the digits of X = 9 + 0 + 0 = 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. It is found by multiplying the highest powers of all prime factors present.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest number that exactly divides two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder. It is calculated by taking the lowest powers of the common prime factors.

Divisibility Rule of 9

A number is exactly divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is a multiple of 9.

Shortcut Trick

Selling price of 1 device = 14430 ÷ 5 = ₹2,886

Value of SP is (100% − 26%) = 74% of the Marked Price.

MP = 2886 × (100 ÷ 74) = ₹3,900

∴ The correct answer is ₹3,900.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling price of 5 devices = ₹14,430

Discount allowed = 26%

Marked Price 100% (MP)

−26% Discount

Selling Price 74% = ₹2886

100% = ₹2886 × (100 ÷ 74) = ₹3900

Formula Used:

SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100

Calculation:

⇒ Selling price of 1 device = 14430 ÷ 5 = ₹2,886

⇒ 2886 = MP × (100 − 26) ÷ 100

⇒ 2886 = MP × (74 ÷ 100)

⇒ MP = (2886 × 100) ÷ 74

⇒ MP = 39 × 100 = ₹3,900

∴ The correct answer is ₹3,900.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP) and Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP) of an article. Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount amount.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given, the single equivalent discount percentage is given by: (a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100)%.

Relationship between CP and MP

The direct ratio of Cost Price to Marked Price can be determined by the formula: CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%).

The correct answer is '1' i.e. has been playing .

Key Points

• The sentence refers to an ongoing action that started in the past and continues in the present, indicated by the phrase "since he has come from school."
• To express such ongoing actions, the present perfect continuous tense is used.
• The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is has/have been + verb-ing.

Correct sentence: The boy has been playing football since he has come from school.

Additional Information

• Present Perfect Tense:
• Structure: has/have + past participle.
• Example: He has completed his homework.
• Usage: Refers to actions that are completed in the past but have relevance to the present.
• Past Continuous Tense:
• Structure: was/were + verb-ing.
• Example: He was playing football when it started raining.
• Usage: Refers to actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past.

The correct answer is 'same'.

 

Key Points

• The idiom "we sail in the same boat" means that we are in the same difficult situation or share similar circumstances. (हम एक ही स्थिति में हैं या समान परिस्थितियों का सामना कर रहे हैं।)
• The word "same" is the most appropriate choice to complete the idiom and make the sentence meaningful.
• The other options: "different," "biggest," and "old" do not fit the idiom or its meaning correctly.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: Although our backgrounds are different, we sail in the same boat.

Additional Information

• Different (अलग): means not the same as another.
• Biggest (सबसे बड़ा): means of the largest size or extent.
• Old (पुराना): means belonging to the past or having existed for a long time.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Undiscovered).

Key Points

• The word "Uncharted" means an area or topic that has not been explored or mapped; something unknown or unfamiliar. (अज्ञात)
• Example: The team decided to explore the uncharted depths of the ocean in search of rare species.
• "Undiscovered" refers to something that has not yet been found or identified. It closely aligns with the meaning of "uncharted," as both imply a lack of exploration or mapping. (अप्रकट)
• Example: The undiscovered island was rumored to be home to a hidden treasure.
• Hence, the synonym for "uncharted" is "undiscovered."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Undiscovered).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Mapped (मानचित्रित): Something that has been charted or plotted on a map.
• Example: The mapped regions of the forest are safe for tourists to visit.
• Explored (अन्वेषित): Something that has been investigated or traveled through to learn more about it.
• Example: The scientist explored the new cave to study its unique rock formations.
• Familiar (परिचित): Something well-known or easily recognized.
• Example: The traveler felt at ease when he saw the familiar landmarks of his hometown.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. reluctantly rustled the branches. .

Key Points

• The word "reluctantly" is an adverb used to describe unwilling or hesitant actions.
• In the given context, the wind "rustling" the branches cannot logically be described as reluctant because the wind is not sentient and cannot feel hesitation.
• Thus, the adverbial usage of "reluctantly" in this context is incorrect.

Correct sentence: Mrs. Jennifer, our English professor, told us that the wind rustled the branches.

Additional Information

• Adverbs:
• Definition: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, often indicating manner, time, place, frequency, or degree.
• Example: She sings beautifully. (Here, "beautifully" modifies the verb "sings.")
• Common Errors in Adverb Usage:
• Using adverbs where they do not logically fit, as in this case with "reluctantly."
• Incorrect placement of adverbs, which can lead to confusion in meaning.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. A tiger be strayed into a village.

Key Points

• The sentence contains a grammatical error in part "A tiger be strayed into a village".
• The verb "be" is incorrectly used. The correct form of the verb should be "strayed" without the auxiliary verb "be".
• The correct usage would be "A tiger strayed into a village", where "strayed" is the past tense of the verb "stray".

Correct sentence: A tiger strayed into a village at Gosaba in the Sundarbans, entered a cowshed and killed three cows last night.

Additional Information

• Verb Agreement: Ensure the verb agrees with the subject in tense and form.
• Past Simple Tense: Used here to describe a completed action in the past. For example: The tiger strayed.
• Common Errors: Avoid unnecessary auxiliary verbs when they do not fit the context.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Uncertain or open to interpretation.

Key Points

• The word "Ambiguous" means something that is unclear or open to multiple interpretations; it lacks definite meaning or certainty. (अस्पष्ट या संदिग्ध)
• Example: The instructions were ambiguous, leaving the team confused about what to do next.
• "Uncertain or open to interpretation" refers to situations, words, or actions that can have more than one meaning or lack clarity. (अस्पष्टता या विभिन्न व्याख्या के लिए खुला)
• Example: His statement about the upcoming project was uncertain, leading to different interpretations among the team members.
• Hence, the word "Ambiguous" aligns most closely with the meaning "Uncertain or open to interpretation."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Funny and humorous (मजेदार और हास्यपूर्ण): Something that is amusing or causes laughter.
• Example: His funny and humorous jokes always lighten the mood during meetings.
• Harsh and severe (कठोर और गंभीर): Something that is extremely strict or unpleasant.
• Example: The harsh and severe weather conditions made it impossible to go outside.
• Clear and straightforward (स्पष्ट और सीधे): Something that is easy to understand and not confusing.
• Example: The manual provided clear and straightforward instructions for assembling the furniture.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'incredulus'.

• The correct spelling would be 'incredulous'.
• The word 'incredulous' is an adjective which means 'unwilling or unable to believe something'. (अविश्वासी)
• For Example -
• She was incredulous when she heard the shocking news.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'incredulus'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Indomitable - impossible to subdue or defeat (अजेय)
• Unyielding - not giving way to pressure; hard or solid (अडिग)
• Vicissitudes - changes of circumstances or fortune, typically ones that are unwelcome or unpleasant (उलटफेर)

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Whoever.

Key Points

• The word "whomever" is used as an object pronoun in a sentence. It refers to "whoever" in situations where it is the object of the verb or preposition. (जिसको भी)
• Example: You can give the prize to whomever you like.
• The word "whoever" is a subject pronoun and is used to mean "any person who." It functions as the subject of the verb in the sentence. (जो कोई भी)
• Example: Whoever finishes the race first will win a prize.
• In the given sentence, "Give the cake to which asks for it first," the word "whoever" correctly substitutes "which" because the subject of the sentence needs a pronoun that refers to "any person who."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Whoever.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Whomever (जिसको भी): Used when referring to the object of a sentence or clause.
• Example: She will help whomever you choose.
• Whomsoever (जिस किसी को भी): A formal version of "whomever," used to refer to the object in a sentence.
• Example: The award will be given to whomsoever the committee chooses.
• Whichever (जो भी): Refers to one or a few options from a group.
• Example: You can pick whichever dress you like for the party.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Mysterious.

Key Points

• The word "eerie" means something strange, frightening, or mysterious, often in a way that makes one feel uneasy. (अजीब, डरावना, रहस्यमय)
• Example: The abandoned house had an eerie atmosphere that sent chills down my spine.
• "Mysterious" refers to something that is difficult to understand or explain, often intriguing or puzzling. (रहस्यमय)
• Example: The sudden disappearance of the artifact added to the museum's mysterious aura.
• Hence, "eerie" and "mysterious" are synonyms as both convey a sense of strangeness and intrigue.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 - Mysterious.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Comfortable (आरामदायक): Providing physical or emotional ease and relaxation.
• Example: The new sofa is so comfortable that I could sit on it all day.
• Tense (तनावपूर्ण): Causing or characterized by anxiety, nervousness, or suspense.
• Example: The atmosphere in the courtroom was tense as the verdict was about to be announced.
• Soothing (आरामदायक): Having a calming or comforting effect.
• Example: The sound of the waves was so soothing that it helped her fall asleep quickly.

The correct answer is 'fear'.

 

Key Points

• The word "fear" means an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that something is dangerous or likely to cause pain or threat.
• The sentence emphasizes that resolution involves courage despite the possibility of failure, which is associated with fear.
• The other options: "love," "hope," and "hate" do not collocate appropriately with the context of the sentence.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: Resolution is the courage to act despite the fear of failure.

Additional Information

• Love: A deep feeling of affection.
• Hope: A feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen.
• Hate: Intense dislike or aversion.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Uncomfortable).

Key Points

• The word "Snug" refers to something that is comfortable, cozy, or warm. It is often used to describe a place or a position that feels secure and pleasant. (आरामदायक)
• Example: She curled up in a snug corner of the sofa with her favorite book.
• "Uncomfortable" is the opposite of snug. It means causing discomfort, unease, or a lack of physical or emotional comfort. (असुविधाजनक)
• Example: The wooden chair was so uncomfortable that she couldn't sit for long.
• Hence, the antonym of 'Snug' is 'Uncomfortable'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Uncomfortable).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Aromatic (सुगंधित): Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
• Example: The kitchen was filled with the aromatic scent of freshly baked cookies.
• Ample (प्रचुर): More than enough; plentiful.
• Example: There was ample space in the room for all the guests to move around comfortably.
• Persistent (दृढ़): Continuing firmly or obstinately in a course of action despite difficulties or opposition.
• Example: Her persistent efforts led to her success in the competition.

The correct answer is 'meticulous'.

 

Key Points

• The word "meticulous" means showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise. (सूक्ष्म)
• The sentence refers to the scientist's detailed research work, which is expected to bring significant changes to the renewable energy industry.
• The other options: "superficial," "hasty," and "cursory" imply a lack of depth or care, which does not align with the context of revolutionary research.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: The scientist's meticulous research into renewable energy sources is expected to revolutionize the industry.

Additional Information

• Superficial (सतही): means existing on the surface; not thorough or deep.
• Hasty (जल्दबाज़): means done with excessive speed or urgency; hurried.
• Cursory (संक्षिप्त): means hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.

The correct answer is: Demolish.

Key Points

• The word "Establish" means to set up or create something, especially an institution or system, in a firm or permanent way. (स्थापित करना)
• Example: The government plans to establish new schools in rural areas to improve education facilities.
• "Demolish" refers to the act of destroying or tearing down something completely, especially a building or structure. (ध्वस्त करना)
• Example: The old factory was demolished to make space for a modern shopping complex.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Establish' is 'Demolish'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Demolish.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Charge (आरोप लगाना): To accuse someone of an offense or responsibility.
• Example: The police decided to charge the suspect with theft.
• Enlarge (बड़ा करना): To make something bigger or more extensive.
• Example: The company plans to enlarge its headquarters to accommodate more employees.
• Alert (चेतावनी देना): To warn someone about potential danger or problems.
• Example: The weather department issued an alert for heavy rainfall in the region.

The correct answer is 'from'.

 

Key Points

• The correct preposition to use in this sentence is "from" as it indicates avoidance or abstaining from something.
• The word "refrain" is often followed by the preposition "from" when talking about abstaining from an action or behavior.
• Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect because they do not fit grammatically or contextually in the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: "You must refrain from unpleasant conversations."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "by" is incorrect because "refrain by" does not make sense in this context.
• Option 3: "to" is incorrect because "refrain to" is not a valid phrase in English.
• Option 4: "with" is incorrect because "refrain with" does not fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Accross'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Across'.
• The word 'Across' is a preposition or adverb which means 'from one side to the other of (a place, area, etc.)' or 'expressing movement over a place'. (पार)
• For Example -
• She swam across the river.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Accross'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other correctly spelled words - 

• Grateful - feeling or showing an appreciation of kindness; thankful (आभारी)
• Navigate - plan and direct the route or course of a ship, aircraft, or other form of transportation (नेविगेट करना)
• Persuade - cause someone to do something through reasoning or argument (मनाना)

The correct answer is 'crucial'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the importance of effective time management.
• The word to fill the blank should convey that time management is essential or necessary for success.
• "Crucial" means extremely important or essential, which fits the context perfectly.
• The other options do not convey the necessary importance of time management.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective time management is (1) crucial for success. By prioritising tasks, individuals can enhance (2)_____and reduce stress. Planning allows for a balance (3)_____work and personal life. Studies show that those who manage their time (4) _____are more likely to achieve their goals. It is a skill (5)____positively impacts both professional and personal aspects of life.

 

Additional Information

• Trivial (तुच्छ): "Trivial" means unimportant or of little value, which is the opposite of what the sentence needs.
• Desperate (निराश): "Desperate" means feeling or showing hopelessness, which does not fit the context.
• Optional (वैकल्पिक): "Optional" means available to be chosen but not obligatory, which understates the importance of time management.

The correct answer is 'productivity'.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes the benefits of effective time management.
• The word to fill the blank should describe what individuals can improve by prioritizing tasks.
• "Productivity" refers to the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input. It directly relates to improving output through better time management.
• The other options do not fit as well in describing the direct result of prioritizing tasks.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective time management is (1) crucial for success. By prioritising tasks, individuals can enhance (2)productivity and reduce stress. Planning allows for a balance (3)_____work and personal life. Studies show that those who manage their time (4) _____are more likely to achieve their goals. It is a skill (5)____positively impacts both professional and personal aspects of life.**.

 

Additional Information

• Capacity (क्षमता): "Capacity" refers to the ability to hold, receive, or accommodate, which is not directly enhanced by prioritizing tasks.
• Fertility (उत्पादकता): "Fertility" refers to the ability to reproduce, which is irrelevant to time management.
• Production (उत्पादन): While related, "production" is a broader term, and "productivity" is more precise in the context of individual output and time management.

The correct answer is 'between'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses how planning helps in time management.
• The word to fill the blank should show the relationship between "work" and "personal life."
• "Between" is the correct preposition to show a relationship or balance involving two distinct things (work and personal life).
• The other options do not accurately convey the intended relationship.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective time management is (1) crucial for success. By prioritising tasks, individuals can enhance (2)productivity and reduce stress. Planning allows for a balance (3)between work and personal life. Studies show that those who manage their time (4) _____are more likely to achieve their goals. It is a skill (5)____positively impacts both professional and personal aspects of life.

 

Additional Information

• With (के साथ): "With" implies accompaniment, not a balance between two separate entities.
• Around (चारों ओर): "Around" indicates a surrounding position, which doesn't fit the context of balancing work and life.
• Beyond (परे): "Beyond" suggests something is outside the limits, not a balance between two things.

The correct answer is 'effectively'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the benefits of time management.
• The word to fill the blank should describe how people manage their time to achieve their goals.
• "Effectively" means in a way that produces the intended result, which accurately describes successful time management.
• The other options do not accurately describe the manner in which time is managed.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective time management is (1) crucial for success. By prioritising tasks, individuals can enhance (2)productivity and reduce stress. Planning allows for a balance (3) between work and personal life. Studies show that those who manage their time (4) effectively are more likely to achieve their goals. It is a skill (5)____positively impacts both professional and personal aspects of life.

 

Additional Information

• Efficient (कुशल): "Efficient" means doing something in a way that achieves the maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense. While related to good time management, it doesn't describe the action of managing time.
• Strongly (मजबूती से): "Strongly" means in a powerful way, which doesn't fit the context of managing time.
• Excitedly (उत्तेजित रूप से): "Excitedly" means in a way that shows enthusiasm, which is irrelevant to how time is managed.

The correct answer is 'which'.

 

Key Points

• The passage concludes by describing time management as a skill.
• The word to fill the blank should introduce a relative clause that describes the skill.
• "Which" is the correct relative pronoun to refer to a skill.
• The other options are not appropriate for referring to a skill in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective time management is (1) crucial for success. By prioritising tasks, individuals can enhance (2) productivity and reduce stress. Planning allows for a balance (3) between work and personal life. Studies show that those who manage their time (4) effectively are more likely to achieve their goals. It is a skill (5) which positively impacts both professional and personal aspects of life.

Additional Information

• Those (वे): "Those" is a demonstrative pronoun used to refer to people, not a skill.
• What (क्या): "What" is an interrogative pronoun or a relative pronoun that introduces a noun clause, not an adjective clause describing a skill.
• Whereby (जिसके द्वारा): "Whereby" is an adverb that means "by which" or "in accordance with which," and does not fit the context of describing a skill.

सही उत्तर है -  असंवैधानिक

Key Points

• 'जो संविधान के प्रतिकूल हो' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा - असंवैधानिक
• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

   कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -