SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 04 Feb, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic follows here:

Hencce, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The pattern followed is,

Option (1): QZK 

Option (2): NYJ

Option (3): CNY 

Option (4): TEP

All follow the same pattern, except ‘QZK’.

Hence, “Option (1)” is the odd one

The given positions of the dies are: 

Consider the positions of the dice 1 and 2. Face 'A' is common for both the position, keep that face constant and moves in a clockwise direction, we get the faces opposite to each other.

So, the face opposite to K is A.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "XGJ".

The logic follows here:

• One by one arrow decreases in every step.
• arrow change their direction in every step.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is a shown below :

• Some shirt are made by cotton
• Some shirt are made by Denim

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Seven people, G, H, I, J, K, L and M, are sitting in a row, facing north.

1. No one sits to the right of M.

2. Only three people sit between M and K.

3. Only two people sit between K and H.

4. G sits third to the left of L.

5. J sits to the immediate right of L.

So, 'Three' people sit between I and H.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The logic followed here is:

Given Sequence: p _ _ u o p q t _ _ _ q _ u o p q _ u _

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

Option 1) qtuoptto → p q t u o / p q t u o / p q t u o / p q t u o

Here, 'Option 1' followed a pattern.

Option 2) tquoptto → p t q u o / p q t u o / p q t u o / p q t u o

Option 3) tqouptot → p t q u o / p q t o u / p q t u o / p q o u t

Option 4) qtouptto → p q t u o / p q t o u / p q t u o / p q t u o

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

⇒ VARIABLE is arranged in the reverse English alphabetical order

 

Thus, 'Three' letters will remain unchanged.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given Expression: ‘C - D ÷ E × F + G’

C is the daughter of D, D is the brother of E, E is the son of F, F is the Mother of G.

So, F is Father’s mother of C.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Given:

'TDZM' is coded as '8-24-2-15'

And,

'KRIY' is coded as '17-10 19-3'

Similarly,

'HAWP' is coded as

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

(I) All anklets are flats → True (because all anklets are socks and all socks are flats so, all anklets are also flats)

(II) Some trousers are anklets → False (because no direct relationship is given between trousers and anklets so it may be possible but not defined)

So, Only conclusion (I) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

According to the given code:

So, 'N' is coded as '2'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The logic follows here:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The logic followed here is:

MLTA is related to QHXW 

LNVB is related to PJZX

Similarly, 'CWON' will be coded as:

Hence, the correct answer is "GSSJ".

Given equation: 8 + 63 − 7 × 7 ÷ 9 = ? 

Now, if ‘−’ and ‘÷’ are interchanged and ‘×’ and ‘+’ are interchanged, then:

⇒ 8 × 63 ÷ 7 + 7 - 9  

⇒ 8 × 9 + 7 - 9 

⇒ 72 + 7 - 9

⇒ 79 - 9 

⇒ 70

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Six friends E, F, G, R, S and T are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1. S sits second to the right of F.

2. F sits second to the right of G.

3. Only F sits between R and E.

4. E is an immediate neighbour of S.

So, three people sit between T and R when counted from the right of R.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

NRDF is related to PMFA

SFJW is related to UALR

Similarly, 'GVKQ' will be coded as:

Hence, the correct answer is "IQML".

The correct answer is Rapid improvements in technology.

Key Points

• Technological advancements have significantly lowered transportation and communication costs, making global trade more efficient and accessible.
• The internet and digital technologies have facilitated instant communication and data exchange across the globe, enhancing international business operations.
• Improvements in shipping and logistics technology have reduced the time and cost of moving goods across borders, boosting international trade.
• Advances in information technology have enabled companies to manage global supply chains more effectively, coordinating production and distribution worldwide.
• Technological innovation has also led to the development of new products and services, opening up new markets and driving economic globalization.

Additional Information

• Global Supply Chains: Technological advancements have enabled the development of complex global supply chains, where production processes are distributed across multiple countries to optimize costs and efficiency.
• Telecommunications: The evolution of telecommunications, including mobile networks and internet connectivity, has facilitated real-time communication and collaboration between businesses and individuals worldwide.
• E-commerce: The rise of e-commerce platforms has allowed businesses to reach international customers directly, bypassing traditional physical retail channels and expanding their global presence.
• Automation and Robotics: Technological innovations in automation and robotics have increased productivity and efficiency in manufacturing, enabling companies to compete globally by reducing production costs.
• Financial Technologies: Developments in financial technologies (FinTech) have streamlined international payments and transactions, making it easier for businesses to operate across borders.

The correct answer is MK Stalin.

Key Points

• MK Stalin is the current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
• He assumed office on May 7, 2021.
• He is the leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.
• MK Stalin is the son of former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, M. Karunanidhi.
• Under his leadership, the DMK won a decisive victory in the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections.

Additional Information

• Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
• Founded in 1949 by C. N. Annadurai.
• It is a prominent political party in the state of Tamil Nadu and has a strong presence in neighboring Puducherry.
• The party's symbol is the rising sun.
• DMK has a legacy of promoting Dravidian and social justice ideologies.
• M. Karunanidhi
• Served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for five terms.
• He was a key figure in the Dravidian movement and contributed significantly to Tamil literature and cinema.
• Karunanidhi was also known for his contributions to social justice and economic development in Tamil Nadu.
• Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
• The legislative body of the state of Tamil Nadu.
• It consists of 234 elected members.
• Assembly elections are held every five years.
• The majority party or coalition forms the government, and its leader becomes the Chief Minister.
• 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections
• Held in a single phase on April 6, 2021.
• The DMK-led alliance won a majority with 159 seats.
• The AIADMK-led alliance won 75 seats.
• These elections marked the return of DMK to power after a decade.

The correct answer is Aga Khan III.

Key Points

• Aga Khan III was the first President of the All India Muslim League, which was founded in 1906.
• The All India Muslim League was established to advocate for the rights of Muslims in British India.
• Aga Khan III played a crucial role in the formation and leadership of the league, guiding its initial steps and objectives.
• His leadership was significant in shaping the political landscape for Muslims in India during the early 20^th century.
• The league later became a driving force behind the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

Additional Information

• All India Muslim League:
• Founded on 30 December 1906 at Dacca (now Dhaka), it was the political party representing the interests of the Muslim population in British India.
• The league's formation was in response to the growing need for a separate political platform for Muslims to safeguard their rights and interests.
• Key figures included Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III), Nawab Salimullah, and others.
• Aga Khan III:
• Born as Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah, he was the 48^th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims.
• He was a prominent leader and philanthropist, significantly contributing to education and healthcare for Muslims.
• He also played an influential role in the international Muslim community through organizations like the League of Nations.
• Impact on Pakistan Movement:
• The All India Muslim League was instrumental in the demand for a separate Muslim state, leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
• Under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the league's demand for Pakistan became a reality.
• The Lahore Resolution of 1940, passed by the league, was a turning point in the Pakistan Movement.
• Legacy:
• The All India Muslim League's legacy continues in Pakistan, where it laid the foundation for the nation's political framework.
• It inspired subsequent political movements and parties in both Pakistan and India.
• The contributions of early leaders like Aga Khan III are remembered for their vision and efforts towards Muslim empowerment.

The correct answer is Mrinalini Sarabhai.

Key Points

• Mrinalini Sarabhai was an acclaimed Indian classical dancer and choreographer.
• She was honored with the gold medal in 1968 by the Mexican government for her exceptional contributions to choreography.
• Mrinalini Sarabhai was the founder of the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in Ahmedabad, India.
• She was trained in Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, and Mohiniyattam, which she often incorporated into her choreographic works.

Additional Information

• Bharatanatyam
• A major form of Indian classical dance that originated in Tamil Nadu.
• Known for its fixed upper torso, bent legs, and intricate footwork combined with expressive hand gestures and facial expressions.
• Kathakali
• A classical Indian dance-drama originating from Kerala, characterized by elaborate costumes and detailed gestures.
• It combines dance, acting, and music to depict stories from Hindu epics.
• Mohiniyattam
• A classical dance form from Kerala, known for its graceful and slow movements.
• Traditionally performed by women and revolves around the theme of love and devotion.
• Darpana Academy of Performing Arts
• Founded by Mrinalini Sarabhai in 1949 in Ahmedabad.
• It is a premier institution for training in various forms of Indian dance and theater.

The correct answer is Japanese encephalitis.

Key Points

• Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the brain.
• The virus is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily the Culex species.
• JE is prevalent in rural and agricultural areas of Asia and the Western Pacific.
• Symptoms of JE include high fever, headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, seizures, and paralysis.
• There is no specific antiviral treatment for JE; supportive care is the primary approach.

Additional Information

• Transmission Cycle
• The JE virus is maintained in a cycle involving mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs and wading birds.
• Humans are incidental hosts and do not contribute to the transmission cycle.
• Vaccination
• Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent JE.
• Several types of JE vaccines are available, including inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines.
• Prevention
• Preventive measures include using mosquito nets, insect repellents, and wearing protective clothing.
• Control of mosquito populations through environmental management and insecticide use is crucial.
• Global Impact
• JE is a significant public health issue in many Asian countries, with thousands of cases reported annually.
• Outbreaks often occur in regions with endemic JE and can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates.

The correct answer is Rural to rural.

Key Points

• As per Census 2011, the most common type of internal migration in India is from rural areas to other rural areas.
• This type of migration accounts for about 47.4% of the total internal migration.
• One of the major reasons for rural to rural migration is marriage, especially among women.
• Another reason is the movement of agricultural laborers in search of work.
• Rural to rural migration is also driven by seasonal work in agriculture and related sectors.

Additional Information

• Census 2011 Migration Data
• The Census of India 2011 provides detailed data on migration patterns within the country.
• It categorizes migration into four streams: rural to rural, rural to urban, urban to urban, and urban to rural.
• Understanding these patterns helps in planning and policy formulation for regional development.
• Types of Migration
• Internal Migration: Movement within a country, such as from one state or region to another.
• External Migration: Movement across country boundaries, also known as international migration.
• Reasons for Migration
• Economic: Search for better employment opportunities and living conditions.
• Social: Marriage, family reunification, and education.
• Environmental: Natural disasters, climate change, and environmental degradation.
• Political: Conflict, persecution, and instability.
• Impact of Migration
• Can lead to urbanization and growth of cities.
• May cause strain on urban infrastructure and resources.
• Contributes to cultural exchange and diversity.
• Can result in brain drain or skill shortages in the areas of origin.

The correct answer is 0.

Key Points

• The work done by a force is defined as the dot product of the force and the displacement in the direction of the force.
• On a smooth horizontal table, the gravitational force acts vertically downward, while the displacement is horizontal.
• The angle between the gravitational force and the horizontal displacement is 90 degrees.
• The cosine of 90 degrees is 0, hence the work done by the gravitational force over the horizontal displacement is zero.

Additional Information

• Work: In physics, work is done when a force acts upon an object to cause a displacement. It is calculated as the product of the force and the displacement in the direction of the force.
• Gravitational Force: The force of attraction between two masses. Near the Earth's surface, it imparts an acceleration of 9.81 m/s² downward.
• Dot Product: A mathematical operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors) and returns a single number. It is defined as the product of the magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them.
• Cosine Function: In trigonometry, the cosine of an angle in a right-angled triangle is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse. The cosine of 90 degrees is 0.
• Smooth Surface: A surface with no friction. On a smooth horizontal table, there is no resistance to horizontal motion, and thus gravitational force does not affect horizontal displacement.

The correct answer is Jual Oram.

Key Points

• Jual Oram was appointed as the Minister of Tribal Affairs in June 2024.
• He has previously held this portfolio, serving as the Minister of Tribal Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Jual Oram is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been elected as a Member of Parliament from the Sundargarh constituency in Odisha multiple times.
• He is known for his work in promoting the welfare and development of tribal communities in India.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is responsible for the overall development and welfare of Scheduled Tribes in India.
• It formulates policies, plans, and programs for the development of tribal areas and communities.
• The ministry implements various schemes for education, health, economic development, and social empowerment of tribal populations.
• Jual Oram's Background
• Jual Oram has a long-standing career in politics, particularly focused on the issues faced by tribal communities.
• He has been actively involved in various developmental projects aimed at improving the living standards of tribal people.
• Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
• The BJP is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress (INC).
• Founded in 1980, the BJP promotes Hindu nationalism and conservative policies.
• Scheduled Tribes (STs)
• Scheduled Tribes are officially recognized indigenous communities listed in the Indian Constitution.
• They are provided with special provisions and benefits to promote their socio-economic development.
• STs constitute about 8.6% of India's population.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Ali-Aye-Ligang is a significant spring festival celebrated by the Mising community in Assam.
• The festival marks the beginning of the sowing season and is held on the first Wednesday of the Phagun month (February-March).
• The name "Ali-Aye-Ligang" translates to "sowing of seeds" in the Mising language.
• During the festival, traditional dances, music, and feasts are organized to celebrate the agricultural cycle.
• It is an important cultural event that emphasizes the agrarian lifestyle and traditions of the Mising tribe.

Additional Information

• Mising Tribe
• The Mising are one of the largest ethnic groups in Assam.
• They are primarily agrarian and have a rich cultural heritage with distinct traditions and rituals.
• Their traditional attire includes the "Mekhela Sador" for women and "Dhoti" and "Gamosa" for men.
• Phagun Month
• Phagun is the twelfth month of the Hindu calendar, corresponding to February-March in the Gregorian calendar.
• It marks the end of winter and the beginning of the spring season.
• Several Indian festivals, including Holi, are celebrated during this month.
• Agricultural Festivals in India
• India, being an agrarian country, celebrates various agricultural festivals such as Baisakhi, Pongal, and Makar Sankranti.
• These festivals are region-specific and mark important phases in the agricultural cycle.
• They often involve rituals, dances, and community feasts to invoke blessings for a good harvest.
• Traditional Dances of Assam
• Assam has a rich tradition of folk dances, including Bihu, Bagurumba, and Sattriya.
• Bihu dance is performed during the Bihu festival, celebrating the Assamese New Year and the farming season.
• Sattriya is a classical dance form that originated from the Vaishnavite monasteries of Assam.

The correct answer is Obligatory power .

Key Points

• According to the Constitution of India, the Governor has executive, legislative and judicial powers.
• The executive power helps the Governor in performing the functions of the state government.
• The Governor can exercise discretionary power independently under special circumstances.
• Under the legislative power, the Governor can convene meetings of the legislature and issue ordinances.
• Compulsory power is not included in the powers of the Governor, as no such power has been given in the Constitution.

Additional Information

• Executive Power: The Governor is the head of the state executive and acts on the advice of the State Council of Ministers.
• Legislative Power: The Governor has the power to convene, adjourn and dissolve the Assembly.
• Discretionary Power: The Governor can take decisions independently without the advice of the State Council of Ministers in certain matters.
• Judicial Power: The Governor has the power to decide on mercy petitions.
• Constitutional Power: The Governor takes an oath to protect and preserve the Constitution and ensure that it is followed in the state.

The correct answer is Mridangam.

Key Points

• Yella Venkateswara Rao is an eminent Indian classical musician and percussionist specializing in the Mridangam.
• He is renowned for his exceptional skills and contributions to the art of Mridangam playing.
• Yella Venkateswara Rao has performed in numerous prestigious concerts and festivals both in India and abroad.
• He has been honored with several awards and titles, recognizing his mastery and dedication to Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Mridangam:
• A double-sided drum used in Carnatic music, the classical music of South India.
• It is made of a hollowed-out piece of jackfruit wood and covered with goat skin on both sides.
• The right side produces higher-pitched sounds, while the left side produces bass tones.
• The Mridangam is considered the principal percussion instrument in South Indian classical music.
• Carnatic Music:
• A system of music commonly associated with the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.
• It is one of the two main sub-genres of Indian classical music, the other being Hindustani music.
• Carnatic music emphasizes vocal music and is characterized by a rich tradition of compositions and improvisations.
• Yella Venkateswara Rao's Contributions:
• He has significantly contributed to the popularization and teaching of Mridangam.
• His innovative techniques and performances have inspired many young musicians.
• Recognition and Awards:
• Yella Venkateswara Rao has received numerous accolades, including the prestigious Padma Shri award.
• He is also known for his philanthropic efforts in promoting music education.

The correct answer is Maldives.

Key Points

• Dhivehi is the official language of the Maldives.
• It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Maldivian people.
• The language has its roots in the ancient Sinhala language.
• Dhivehi is written in the Thaana script, which reads from right to left.

Additional Information

• Thaana Script: A unique script used for writing the Dhivehi language, characterized by its right-to-left direction.
• Indo-Aryan Language Family: Dhivehi belongs to this language family, which includes languages like Hindi, Bengali, and Sinhala.
• Maldivian Culture: The Maldives has a rich cultural heritage influenced by South Asian, African, Arab, and Southeast Asian cultures.
• Tourism in Maldives: The Maldives is a popular tourist destination known for its beautiful islands, clear waters, and luxurious resorts.
• Geography: The Maldives is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka and India, consisting of around 1,190 coral islands grouped in 26 atolls.

The correct answer is Fourth Plan.

Key Points

• The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) aimed to achieve self-reliance and emphasized growth with stability in India’s economy.
• This plan focused on increased industrial production and reducing dependence on foreign imports by encouraging domestic production.
• It aimed to strengthen the agriculture sector while promoting technological advancements, particularly in heavy industries and infrastructure.
• The goal was to enhance the overall economic structure, reduce poverty, and improve social and industrial development.

Additional Information

• The Fourth Plan was introduced under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, during a period of political instability and a focus on strengthening national unity.
• Self-reliance was a key theme, as India sought to reduce its dependence on foreign aid and promote indigenous growth in sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and defense.
• The Fourth Plan also saw efforts in the Green Revolution, aimed at increasing agricultural productivity, especially in staple crops like wheat and rice.
• Despite these efforts, the plan faced challenges like the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and an energy crisis that hindered its full success.
• The focus on growth with stability continued in subsequent plans, but the Fourth Plan marked a crucial step in India’s journey toward economic self-sufficiency.
• Subsequent Five-Year Plans shifted focus, such as the Sixth Plan (1980-1985), which prioritized poverty alleviation and employment generation.

The correct answer is 44^th Amendment.

Key Points

• The 44^th Amendment Act of 1978 removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights.
• The Right to Property was originally provided under Article 31 of the Indian Constitution.
• After the amendment, the Right to Property was made a legal right under Article 300A.
• This amendment was introduced to curb the misuse of the right and to facilitate land reforms.
• The amendment aimed to balance individual rights and the need for socio-economic justice.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Rights
• These are a set of rights that are recognized under the Indian Constitution as being essential for the all-round development of individuals.
• The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution.
• They include rights such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination.
• These rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain restrictions.
• Article 31
• Before the 44^th Amendment, Article 31 guaranteed the right to property as a Fundamental Right.
• It provided for compensation in case of acquisition or requisition of private property by the state.
• The article was often used to challenge land acquisition laws, delaying socio-economic reforms.
• Article 300A
• Post the 44^th Amendment, the right to property was moved to Article 300A.
• Article 300A states that no person shall be deprived of their property save by authority of law.
• This made the right to property a legal right, not a Fundamental Right.
• It allowed the government more flexibility in implementing land reforms and socio-economic policies.
• Impact of the Amendment
• The shift from a Fundamental Right to a legal right reduced the number of litigations over land acquisition.
• It facilitated the implementation of land reforms and equitable distribution of resources.
• The amendment balanced individual property rights with the need for social justice and economic development.

The correct answer is 18".

Key Points

• In basketball, the standard diameter of the basketball hoop is 18 inches.
• The diameter of the hoop is measured from the inside edge of the rim to the opposite inside edge.
• This standard size is maintained in all NBA-approved games to ensure uniformity and fairness in play.
• The hoop is made of a pressure-release metal safety ring to enhance durability and safety during gameplay.
• The net attached to the hoop is 18 inches in length, aligning with the diameter of the hoop for consistency.

Additional Information

• Basketball Backboard
• The backboard is typically made of tempered glass, which offers a consistent rebound.
• The standard dimensions of a basketball backboard are 72 inches in width and 42 inches in height.
• The backboard provides a target for bank shots and protects the hoop from being easily damaged.
• Basketball Court Dimensions
• The standard size of a basketball court is 94 feet in length and 50 feet in width for NBA games.
• The free-throw line is 15 feet away from the backboard.
• The three-point line distance varies: 23.75 feet from the basket at the top of the key and 22 feet in the corners for NBA.
• Basketball Sizes
• A regulation basketball for men's professional play has a circumference of 29.5 inches.
• For women's professional play, the basketball has a circumference of 28.5 inches.
• Youths typically use smaller basketballs, with sizes appropriate for their age group to ensure proper handling and shooting techniques.
• NBA Standards
• The NBA specifies stringent standards for all equipment used in the game, including the hoop, backboard, and ball.
• These standards ensure a high level of consistency and quality in gameplay across all official matches.
• All equipment used must be approved by the NBA to maintain uniformity and safety for players.

The correct answer is Public administration.

Key Points

• Public administration is a crucial part of the tertiary sector, which encompasses services provided by the government to its citizens.
• This sector includes activities like administration of public policy, maintenance of law and order, and provision of social services.
• Public administration plays a pivotal role in the implementation of government policies and programs.
• It ensures the smooth functioning of governmental operations and the delivery of public services.
• Public administration is vital for maintaining the welfare and security of society, making it an integral part of the tertiary sector.

Additional Information

• Tertiary Sector:
• The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, involves the provision of services rather than goods.
• It includes a wide range of activities such as retail, entertainment, financial services, health care, and education.
• This sector is crucial for economic development and is often the largest contributor to GDP in developed countries.
• Economic Sectors:
• The economy is divided into three main sectors: primary (agriculture, forestry, fishing), secondary (manufacturing, construction), and tertiary (services).
• Each sector plays a unique role in the economy, contributing to overall growth and development.
• Public Administration Functions:
• Public administration involves policy formulation, implementation, and the management of public programs.
• It also includes activities like budgeting, human resource management, and public relations.
• Role in Society:
• Public administration ensures the effective delivery of public services such as healthcare, education, and welfare programs.
• It also plays a crucial role in maintaining law and order and promoting social justice.

The correct answer is Bharata.

Key Points

• The 'Natyashastra' is an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance, and music.
• It was written by the sage Bharata Muni, who is regarded as the father of Indian theatrical art forms.
• The text is believed to have been composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE.
• 'Natyashastra' consists of 36 chapters with a total of 6000 shlokas (verses).
• It provides a detailed description of various aspects of stage performance, including music, dance, stage design, and the art of acting.

Additional Information

• Bharata Muni: He is considered one of the pioneers in the field of dramatics and performing arts in India.
• Rasa Theory: The 'Natyashastra' introduces the concept of 'Rasa,' which refers to the emotional essence or flavor that the audience experiences during a performance.
• Eight Rasas: The text identifies eight primary Rasas: Shringara (love), Hasya (laughter), Karuna (sorrow), Raudra (anger), Veera (heroism), Bhayanaka (fear), Bibhatsa (disgust), and Adbhuta (wonder).
• Dance Forms: The 'Natyashastra' outlines the classical dance forms of Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, and others.
• Significance: The 'Natyashastra' is a foundational text for classical Indian dance and theatre, influencing various art forms and cultural practices in India.

The correct answer is Dead Sea.

Key Points

• The Dead Sea is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west.
• It is one of the world’s saltiest bodies of water, with a salinity of 34.2%, which is almost ten times saltier than the ocean.
• The high salinity of the Dead Sea makes it a harsh environment for plants and animals, hence its name.
• It is located at the lowest point on Earth's surface on dry land, approximately 430 meters below sea level.
• The Dead Sea is renowned for its mineral-rich waters and therapeutic properties, attracting visitors for wellness and spa treatments.

Additional Information

• Salinity: The Dead Sea's salinity levels are so high that it allows people to float effortlessly on the surface.
• Geographical Significance: The Dead Sea is located in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River.
• Historical Importance: The region around the Dead Sea has been inhabited since prehistoric times and is referenced in various historical and religious texts.
• Mineral Extraction: The Dead Sea is a rich source of minerals such as magnesium, potassium, and bromine, which are extracted for various industrial and medicinal purposes.
• Environmental Concerns: The Dead Sea is receding at an alarming rate due to diversion of incoming water from the Jordan River and mineral extraction activities, posing significant environmental concerns.

The correct answer is Rudradaman.

Key Points

• Rudradaman I was a prominent Shaka ruler who ruled over the Western Kshatrapas.
• His reign is noted for the famous Junagadh rock inscription at Girnar, which is a significant historical source.
• The inscription, written in Sanskrit, details his achievements and the repairs he made to the Sudarshana Lake.
• Rudradaman's rule marked the peak of the Western Kshatrapas' power and influence in the Indian subcontinent.
• He is considered one of the greatest rulers of the Western Kshatrapas due to his patronage of culture and art.

Additional Information

• Junagadh Rock Inscription
• It is one of the oldest surviving rock inscriptions in India, dating back to 150 AD.
• The inscription is crucial for understanding the history of the Western Kshatrapas and the socio-political conditions of the time.
• Western Kshatrapas
• They were a dynasty of Saka rulers who controlled parts of western and central India from the 1^st to the 4^th centuries AD.
• Their rule is noted for significant contributions to trade, culture, and art.
• Sudarshana Lake
• Originally constructed during the Mauryan Empire, it was an essential irrigation project in ancient India.
• Rudradaman's inscription details the repairs and renovations he commissioned for the lake.
• Sanskrit Inscriptions
• Sanskrit was the classical language used in many inscriptions across ancient India, reflecting the cultural and educational priorities of the rulers.
• Rudradaman's use of Sanskrit in his inscriptions highlights his patronage of classical Indian culture.

The correct answer is Anurag Thakur.

Key Points

• Union Minister Anurag Thakur launched the Fit India Freedom Run 2.0 on August 13, 2021.
• The event was launched to commemorate the 75^th Independence Day of India.
• The Fit India Freedom Run 2.0 is part of the Fit India Movement, which aims to promote fitness and health among Indians.
• The run covers a distance of 7.5 km, symbolizing 75 years of India's independence.
• It encourages citizens to participate in physical activities and stay healthy amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Additional Information

• Fit India Movement
• Launched by PM Narendra Modi on August 29, 2019, to encourage Indians to include physical activity and sports in their everyday lives.
• Aims to inspire people to adopt a fit and healthy lifestyle.
• Various programs and initiatives are organized under this movement to promote fitness.
• Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav
• It is an initiative by the Government of India to celebrate and commemorate 75 years of independence.
• It was launched on March 12, 2021, by PM Narendra Modi.
• Includes various events and activities to honor the freedom fighters and their contributions to India's independence.
• National Sports Day
• Celebrated on August 29 each year to honor the birth anniversary of hockey legend Major Dhyan Chand.
• On this day, the President of India honors eminent sports personalities with various awards.
• Aims to promote sports and physical activities across the country.
• COVID-19 and Physical Activity
• Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• It helps in boosting the immune system and reducing stress and anxiety.
• Various online fitness programs and challenges have been introduced to keep people active while maintaining social distancing.

Shortcut Trick

Given, Cost Price (CP) = 75% of Selling Price (SP)

Ratio of CP to SP ⇒ CP / SP = 75 / 100 = 3 / 4

Profit = SP − CP = 4 − 3 = 1 unit

Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (1 / 3) × 100 = 33 ¹/₃%

∴ The correct answer is 33 ¹/₃%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) of the camera = 75% of its Selling Price (SP)

Formula Used:

Profit = SP − CP

Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100

Profit & Selling Price Breakdown

CP = 75% = 3 units Profit (1)

Total Selling Price (SP) = 100% = 4 units

Calculations:

⇒ Let the Selling Price (SP) of the camera be 100 units.

⇒ Cost Price (CP) = 75% of 100 units = 75 units.

⇒ Profit = SP − CP = 100 − 75 = 25 units.

⇒ Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (25 / 75) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (1 / 3) × 100 = 33 ¹/₃%

∴ The correct answer is 33 ¹/₃%.

Additional Information

Loss Percentage

When the Cost Price is greater than the Selling Price, a loss occurs. Like profit, loss is always calculated on the base Cost Price: Loss % = (Loss / CP) × 100.

Marked Price & Discount

Marked Price (MP) is the labeled price of an article. Any discount given to customers is always applied to the MP. The formula is: Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount.

Direct Selling Price Formula

To directly find the Selling Price when Cost Price and Profit % are given without calculating profit value separately, use: SP = CP × (100 + Profit %) / 100.

Shortcut Trick

For any 3D object, the ratio of volumes is equal to the cube of the ratio of their linear dimensions.

Ratio of original radius to new radius = 1 : 3

Ratio of original volume to new volume = (1)³ : (3)³ = 1 : 27

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 27.

Alternate Method

Given:

Let the radius of the original sphere be r.

Since the radius is tripled, the radius of the new sphere will be 3r.

Formula Used:

Volume of a sphere = 4/3 × π × r³

r Original Sphere

3r New Sphere

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of original sphere (V₁) = 4/3 × π × r³

⇒ Volume of new sphere (V₂) = 4/3 × π × (3r)³

⇒ V₂ = 4/3 × π × 27r³

⇒ Ratio = V₁ : V₂ = (4/3 × π × r³) : (4/3 × π × 27r³)

⇒ Ratio = 1 : 27

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 27.

Additional Information

Surface Area of Sphere

The total surface area is given by A = 4 × π × r². The ratio of surface areas of two spheres is the square of the ratio of their radii.

Volume of Hemisphere

A hemisphere is exactly half of a full sphere. Its volume is V = 2/3 × π × r³.

Scale Factor Principle

For any two similar 3D geometric figures with a linear scale factor of k, the ratio of their corresponding areas is k² and the ratio of their volumes is k³.

Shortcut Trick

Total CP for 400 apples = 4 × 1200 = ₹4800

Total SP = CP + Profit = 4800 + 800 = ₹5600

SP of 1 apple = 5600 ÷ 400 = ₹14

SP per dozen = 14 × 12 = ₹168

∴ The correct answer is ₹168.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of apples = 400

Cost price per 100 apples = ₹1200

Total Profit = ₹800

Formula Used:

Total SP = Total CP + Profit

SP per dozen = SP of 1 unit × 12

Total CP = ₹4800

• Profit = ₹800

Total SP = ₹5600 (for 400 apples)

SP per dozen = (5600 ÷ 400) × 12 = ₹168

Calculations:

⇒ Cost price of 100 apples = ₹1200

⇒ Total Cost price (CP) of 400 apples = 4 × 1200 = ₹4800

⇒ Total Selling price (SP) of 400 apples = Total CP + Profit

⇒ Total SP = 4800 + 800 = ₹5600

⇒ Selling price of 1 apple = 5600 ÷ 400 = ₹14

⇒ Selling price per dozen (12 apples) = 14 × 12 = ₹168

∴ The correct answer is ₹168.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when the selling price is greater than the cost price (Profit = SP − CP). Loss occurs when the cost price is greater than the selling price (Loss = CP − SP).

Profit & Loss Percentage

Profit or loss percentage is always calculated on the base cost price. Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 and Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100.

Unitary Method Application

The unitary method helps in finding the value of a single unit from the value of a multiple unit, which is then used to find the value of any required number of units. Here it was used to find the SP of a dozen (12 units) items.

Shortcut Trick

When amounts are equal, the ratio of their investments is given by (1 + R/100)^{(t₂ − t₁)} : 1

Ratio of Vijay's share to Ajay's share = (1 + 10/100)^{(14 − 13)} : 1 = 11/10 : 1 = 11 : 10

Total ratio parts = 11 + 10 = 21 parts

Vijay's share = (11 ÷ 21) × 1617 = 11 × 77 = 847

∴ The correct answer is ₹847.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount distributed = ₹1617

Rate of interest (R) = 10% compounded annually

Time period for Vijay (n₁) = 13 years

Time period for Ajay (n₂) = 14 years

Formula Used:

Amount in Compound Interest: A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Amounts are Equal

Total = ₹1617

Vijay n = 13 yrs, R = 10%

Ajay n = 14 yrs, R = 10%

V × (1.1)¹³

A × (1.1)¹⁴

Calculations:

⇒ Let Mahesh give ₹V to Vijay and ₹A to Ajay.

⇒ Amount received by Vijay after 13 years = V(1 + 10/100)¹³

⇒ Amount received by Ajay after 14 years = A(1 + 10/100)¹⁴

⇒ According to the question, both amounts are equal:

⇒ V(11/10)¹³ = A(11/10)¹⁴

⇒ V = A(11/10)^{14 − 13}

⇒ V/A = 11/10

⇒ The ratio of Vijay's share to Ajay's share is 11 : 10.

⇒ Total ratio parts = 11 + 10 = 21

⇒ Vijay's share = (11 / 21) × 1617

⇒ Vijay's share = 11 × 77 = 847

∴ The correct answer is ₹847.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Equality Principle

When a sum is divided into two parts distributed at the same rate of compound interest but for different time durations to yield equal amounts, the ratio of the principal amounts is directly given by (1 + R/100)^{Difference in Time} : 1.

Effective Compound Interest Rate

For 2 years, the effective CI rate can be easily calculated using the successive percentage formula: R + R + (R × R)/100 %. For example, at 10% per annum, the effective CI for 2 years is 21%.

Difference Between CI and SI

For a period of 2 years on a principal P at rate R%, the difference between CI and SI is precisely calculated as D = P(R/100)². For 3 years, the difference becomes D = P(R/100)²(3 + R/100).

Shortcut Trick

Since 30 is a factor of 120, we can drop 30 and simply find the LCM of 56, 108, and 120.

LCM(56, 120) → Since 120 contains 8 and 56 = 8 × 7, the LCM is 120 × 7 = 840.

LCM(840, 108) → Both 840 and 108 are divisible by 12 (840 = 12 × 70, 108 = 12 × 9).

Since 70 and 9 share no further common factors, the LCM is 12 × 70 × 9 = 840 × 9 = 7560.

∴ The correct answer is 7560.

Alternate Method

Given:

The numbers are 56, 30, 108, and 120.

Concept Used:

Prime factorisation method: LCM is the product of the highest powers of all prime factors present in the numbers.

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorisation of 56 = 2³ × 7

⇒ Prime factorisation of 30 = 2 × 3 × 5

⇒ Prime factorisation of 108 = 2² × 3³

⇒ Prime factorisation of 120 = 2³ × 3 × 5

⇒ LCM = Product of the highest powers of prime factors 2, 3, 5, and 7

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 3³ × 5 × 7

⇒ LCM = 8 × 27 × 5 × 7

⇒ LCM = 40 × 189

⇒ LCM = 7560

∴ The correct answer is 7560.

Additional Information

LCM of Fractions

LCM of fractions = (LCM of Numerators) ÷ (HCF of Denominators).

HCF of Fractions

HCF of fractions = (HCF of Numerators) ÷ (LCM of Denominators).

Product Rule

For any two numbers: Product of the two numbers = HCF × LCM.

Co-prime Numbers

If two numbers are co-prime, their HCF is 1 and their LCM is the product of the two numbers.

Shortcut Trick

Total simple interest percentage for 2 years = 6% × 2 = 12%

⇒ 12% of Principal = 318

⇒ Principal (100%) = (318 ÷ 12) × 100 = 2650

∴ The correct answer is ₹2650.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) = ₹318

Rate of Interest (R) = 6% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

Formula Used:

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Total SI for 2 Years = ₹318

Start Year 1 Year 2

Principal = P

• 6% Interest
• 6% Interest

Calculations:

⇒ 318 = (P × 6 × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ 318 = (P × 12) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (318 × 100) ÷ 12

⇒ P = 31800 ÷ 12

⇒ P = 2650

∴ The correct answer is ₹2650.

Additional Information

Amount in Simple Interest

The total amount A at the end of the time period is the sum of the Principal and Simple Interest. Formula: A = P + SI = P(1 + RT ÷ 100).

Compound Interest (CI)

In CI, interest is calculated on the initial principal as well as the accumulated interest of previous periods. Formula: A = P(1 + R ÷ 100)^T.

Difference between CI and SI for 2 Years

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest on a certain principal for 2 years is given directly by: Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)².

Given:

Expression: \left[(23 \times 5) \times\left{6 \div 6 \times \frac{(18-14)}{4}\right}\right]

Formula Used:

Order of operations (BODMAS/BIDMAS): Brackets, Orders (i.e. powers and square roots, etc.), Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction

Calculation:

\left[(23 \times 5) \times\left{6 \div 6 \times \frac{(18-14)}{4}\right}\right]

⇒ \left[(115) \times\left{6 \div 6 \times \frac{(4)}{4}\right}\right]

⇒ \left[(115) \times\left{6 \div 6 \times 1\right}\right]

⇒ 1

∴ Option 1 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Let the initial price of the fuel be 100 units.

Successive multiplying factors: 40% ↓ = 0.60, 10% ↓ = 0.90, 50% ↓ = 0.50, and 50% ↑ = 1.50

Final Price = 100 × 0.60 × 0.90 × 0.50 × 1.50

Final Price = 100 × 0.405 = 40.5

Net percentage decrease = 100 − 40.5 = 59.5%

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 59.5%.

Alternate Method

Original After M1 After M2 After M3 Final

100 60 54 27 40.5

−40%

−10%

−50%

+50%

Net Change = 40.5 − 100 = −59.5%

Given:

Initial percentage decreases = 40%, 10%, and 50%

Final percentage increase = 50%

Calculations:

⇒ Let the original price of fuel be 100.

⇒ Price after 1^st month (40% decrease) = 100 × (1 − 40/100) = 60

⇒ Price after 2^nd month (10% decrease) = 60 × (1 − 10/100) = 54

⇒ Price after 3^rd month (50% decrease) = 54 × (1 − 50/100) = 27

⇒ Price after 4^th month (50% increase) = 27 × (1 + 50/100) = 40.5

⇒ Net decrease in price = Original Price − Final Price

⇒ Net decrease = 100 − 40.5 = 59.5

⇒ Percentage decrease = (59.5 ÷ 100) × 100% = 59.5%

∴ The correct answer is Decreases by 59.5%.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

When a value is subjected to multiple percentage changes, the net change can be calculated efficiently using multiplying factors. For changes a%, b%, c%, the final value is Initial × (1 ± a/100) × (1 ± b/100) ...

Multiplying Factor Method

It converts percentage changes into decimal multipliers. For example, a 40% decrease becomes a multiplier of 0.6, and a 50% increase becomes a multiplier of 1.5. This allows for rapid calculation of final amounts.

Effective Change of Two Percentages

For any two consecutive percentage changes a% and b%, the combined effective percentage change is (a + b + a×b÷100)%. Use negative signs for any percentage decrease.

Shortcut Trick

Distance from Mukul to the gun = 1.35 km = 1350 m.

Time taken to hear the sound = 3 s.

Speed = Distance ÷ Time = 1350 ÷ 3.

Speed = 450 m/s.

∴ The correct answer is 450 m/s.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance of gun from Mukul = 1.35 km

Time taken by sound = 3 s

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

1 km = 1000 m

Gun

Mukul

Distance = 1.35 km = 1350 m Time = 3 s Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Distance in meters = 1.35 × 1000 = 1350 m

⇒ Speed of sound = 1350 ÷ 3

⇒ Speed of sound = 450 m/s

∴ The correct answer is 450 m/s.

Additional Information

Conversion of Units

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply the value by 5 ÷ 18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18 ÷ 5.

Average Speed

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time. If two equal distances are covered at speeds a and b, the average speed is (2 × a × b) ÷ (a + b).

Relative Speed

When two bodies are moving in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂. When moving in the same direction, relative speed = |S₁ − S₂|.

Shortcut Trick

The HCF must exactly divide the difference between any two given numbers: 153 − 117 = 36.

The factors of 36 are 36, 18, 12, 9, 6, 4, 3, 2, and 1.

Since 153, 117, and 405 are all odd numbers, their HCF cannot be an even number.

Eliminating the even factors of 36, the highest possible odd factor remaining is 9.

Checking divisibility, the sum of digits for all three numbers is 9, so they are perfectly divisible by 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given:

The given numbers are 153, 117, and 405.

Method Used:

Prime factorisation method to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF).

Calculations:

⇒ 153 = 3 × 3 × 17 = 3² × 17

⇒ 117 = 3 × 3 × 13 = 3² × 13

⇒ 405 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 3⁴ × 5

⇒ The HCF is calculated as the product of the smallest powers of all common prime factors.

⇒ The only common prime factor among all three numbers is 3.

⇒ The smallest power of 3 present in the prime factorisations is 3².

⇒ HCF = 3² = 9

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

It is the greatest number that divides two or more numbers completely without leaving any remainder. It is also known as Greatest Common Divisor (GCD).

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

It is the smallest common multiple of the given numbers. For any two numbers, Product of numbers = HCF × LCM.

HCF of Fractions

The HCF of given fractions can be calculated as (HCF of Numerators) ÷ (LCM of Denominators).

Shortcut Trick

If two persons together can do a work in x days and one of them alone can do it in y days, the time taken by the other alone is (x × y) ÷ (y − x).

Time taken by Mona alone = (18 × 27) ÷ (27 − 18)

Time = (18 × 27) ÷ 9

Time = 18 × 3 = 54 days

∴ The correct answer is 54 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by Ritu and Mona together = 18 days

Time taken by Ritu alone = 27 days

Method Used:

We use the LCM method to find the total work and individual efficiencies. Total Work is considered as the LCM of the given days.

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of Mona = Efficiency of (Ritu + Mona) − Efficiency of Ritu

⇒ Efficiency of Mona = 3 − 2 = 1 unit/day

⇒ Time taken by Mona alone = Total Work ÷ Mona's Efficiency

⇒ Time taken by Mona alone = 54 ÷ 1 = 54 days.

∴ The correct answer is 54 days.

Additional Information

Work & Wages

Wages are distributed in direct proportion to the amount of total work completed by each individual, or their efficiency if they all work for the exact same number of days.

Pipes & Cisterns

Filling a tank is treated as positive work, while emptying a tank (a leak) is treated as negative work. The LCM method applies here seamlessly.

Alternate Day Work

Calculate the combined work done in a pair of consecutive days. Divide the total work by this combined sum to find the number of full cycles required to finish the total work.

Shortcut Trick

Initial ratio = 19 : 24 (Difference = 5)

Final ratio = 3 : 4 (Difference = 1) ⇒ Multiply by 5 to equalise the difference ⇒ 15 : 20

Decrease in parts for both numbers = 19 − 15 = 4 parts

Given decrease = 36 ⇒ 4 parts = 36 ⇒ 1 part = 9

Sum of numbers = 19 + 24 = 43 parts ⇒ 43 × 9 = 387

∴ The correct answer is 387.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of two numbers = 19 : 24

Reduction in each number = 36

New ratio = 3 : 4

Initial Numbers

19x

24x

Ratio: 3

Ratio: 4

− 36

− 36 Final Ratio

Calculations:

⇒ Let the two numbers be 19x and 24x.

⇒ According to the given condition:

⇒ (19x − 36) ÷ (24x − 36) = 3 ÷ 4

⇒ 4 × (19x − 36) = 3 × (24x − 36)

⇒ 76x − 144 = 72x − 108

⇒ 76x − 72x = 144 − 108

⇒ 4x = 36

⇒ x = 9

⇒ Sum of the numbers = 19x + 24x = 43x

⇒ Sum = 43 × 9 = 387

∴ The correct answer is 387.

Additional Information

Difference Equalisation in Ratios

When two quantities in a ratio are both increased or decreased by the exact same value, their part difference in the initial and final ratios must be equalised to directly apply the unitary method.

Cross-Multiplication Method

Used to find initial values when both ratio terms change. If the initial ratio is a : b and both change by x to form a new ratio c : d, then (a ± x) ÷ (b ± x) = c ÷ d.

Important Proportions

For two numbers a and b: Mean Proportional = √(a × b), Third Proportional = b² ÷ a. For three numbers a, b, and c: Fourth Proportional = (b × c) ÷ a.

Shortcut Trick

Correct Average = Initial Average + (Correct Value − Incorrect Value) ÷ Total Players

Correct Average = 55 + (35 − 53) ÷ 7

Correct Average = 55 − (18 ÷ 7)

Correct Average = 55 − 2.57

Correct Average = 52.43

∴ The correct answer is 52.43.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial average score of 7 players = 55

Incorrectly recorded score = 53

Correct score = 35

Formula Used:

Correct Sum = Initial Sum − Incorrect Value + Correct Value

Correct Average = Correct Sum ÷ Total Number of Items

Initial Avg 55

• 18 / 7

Correct Avg 52.43

Correct Avg = 55 − (53 − 35) / 7

Calculations:

⇒ Initial sum of scores = 7 × 55 = 385

⇒ Correct sum of scores = 385 − 53 + 35

⇒ Correct sum of scores = 385 − 18 = 367

⇒ Correct average = 367 ÷ 7

⇒ Correct average = 52.428...

⇒ Correct average ≈ 52.43

∴ The correct answer is 52.43.

Additional Information

Net Deviation Method

Instead of recalculating the entire sum, adjust the initial average directly by adding the net change divided by the total number of items: New Avg = Old Avg + (Net Change ÷ Total Items).

Replacing an Item

If an item is incorrectly recorded, the change in average is equal to the difference between the correct value and the incorrect value, divided by the total number of items.

Weighted Average

When different groups have different sizes and averages, the weighted average is calculated as (N₁A₁ + N₂A₂) ÷ (N₁ + N₂).

Shortcut Trick

Difference in their investment time = 19 − 18 = 1 year.

Ratio of their initial investments (Ajay : Prakash) = (1 + 4/100)¹ = 104/100 = 26 : 25.

Total ratio parts = 26 + 25 = 51 parts → ₹1224.

Value of 1 part = 1224 ÷ 51 = ₹24.

Prakash's share = 25 parts = 25 × 24 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total amount distributed = ₹1224

Rate of interest (R) = 4% compounded annually

Time for Ajay (T₁) = 18 years

Time for Prakash (T₂) = 19 years

Formula Used:

Amount in Compound Interest: A = P(1 + R/100)^T

Ajay's Principal (A) 18 years @ 4%

Prakash's Principal (P) 19 years @ 4%

Equal Amount Equal Amount

=

Ratio A : P = 26 : 25 (Total ₹1224)

Calculations:

⇒ Let Ajay's share be A and Prakash's share be P.

⇒ Amount received by Ajay after 18 years = A(1 + 4/100)¹⁸

⇒ Amount received by Prakash after 19 years = P(1 + 4/100)¹⁹

⇒ Both final amounts are equal, so:

⇒ A(1 + 4/100)¹⁸ = P(1 + 4/100)¹⁹

⇒ A / P = (1 + 4/100)^{19 − 18}

⇒ A / P = (1 + 1/25)¹ = 26 / 25

⇒ The ratio of their initial shares is A : P = 26 : 25.

⇒ Sum of their ratio parts = 26 + 25 = 51 parts.

⇒ 51 parts represent the total sum = ₹1224.

⇒ 1 part = 1224 ÷ 51 = ₹24.

⇒ Prakash's share (P) = 25 parts = 25 × 24 = ₹600.

∴ The correct answer is ₹600.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

The final amount after T years at R% compound interest is given by A = P(1 + R/100)^T.

Division of Sum in Compound Interest

When a sum is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ such that their amounts become equal after T₁ and T₂ years, the ratio of their original shares is P₁ / P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{T₂ − T₁}.

Time & Investment Relationship

The person whose money is invested for a lesser time period must always receive a larger portion of the initial principal so that both investments can grow to reach exactly the same final amount.

Shortcut Trick

Age of Teacher = New Average + (Old number of members × Increase in Average)

New Average = 38 years

Old number of members = 54 students

Increase in Average = 38 − 37 = 1 year

Age of Teacher = 38 + (54 × 1) = 38 + 54 = 92

∴ The correct answer is 92 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average age of 54 students = 37 years

Average age of whole group (54 students + 1 teacher = 55 members) = 38 years

Formula Used:

Sum of Ages = Average × Total Members

Average Age Distribution

54 Students (Avg: 37)

1 Teacher (Age: ?)

55 Members Combined (New Avg: 38)

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 54 students = 54 × 37 = 1998 years

⇒ Total age of 55 members = 55 × 38 = 2090 years

⇒ Age of the teacher = Total age of 55 members − Total age of 54 students

⇒ Age of the teacher = 2090 − 1998 = 92 years

∴ The correct answer is 92 years.

Additional Information

Inclusion Principle

When a new entity is included in a group, its value can be directly found as: Value = New Average + (Old Count × Increase in Average).

Basic Average Formula

Average = Sum of all observations ÷ Total number of observations.

Weighted Average

Combined average of two groups with sizes n₁ and n₂ and averages A₁ and A₂ is (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Shortcut Trick

Product of two numbers = LCM × HCF

33 × Second Number = 66 × 11

Second Number = (66 × 11) ÷ 33

Second Number = 2 × 11 = 22

∴ The correct answer is 22.

Alternate Method

Given:

LCM of two numbers = 66

HCF of two numbers = 11

First Number = 33

Formula Used:

First Number × Second Number = LCM × HCF

Calculation:

Let the second number be x.

⇒ 33 × x = 66 × 11

⇒ x = (66 × 11) ÷ 33

⇒ x = 726 ÷ 33

⇒ x = 2 × 11

⇒ x = 22

∴ The correct answer is 22.

Additional Information

Product Rule of LCM and HCF

For any two numbers a and b, a × b = LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b). This rule applies only to exactly two numbers, not three or more.

HCF and LCM of Fractions

HCF = (HCF of Numerators) ÷ (LCM of Denominators)

LCM = (LCM of Numerators) ÷ (HCF of Denominators)

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are considered co-prime if their HCF is 1. Their LCM will always be equal to the product of the two numbers.

Shortcut Trick

Given that 4% of a number is equal to 72.

To find the total base value (100%), we can use direct scaling.

x = 72 × (100 ÷ 4)

x = 18 × 100 = 1800

∴ The correct answer is x = 1800.

Alternate Method

Given:

4% of x = 72

4%

72

x (100%) = ?

Formula Used:

Percentage × Base Value = Given Part Value

Calculation:

⇒ 4% of x = 72

⇒ (4 ÷ 100) × x = 72

⇒ x = 72 × (100 ÷ 4)

⇒ x = 72 × 25

⇒ x = 1800

∴ The correct answer is x = 1800.

Additional Information

Finding the Base Value

When a certain percentage of a number is known, the full base number (100%) can be found using the mathematical relation: Base = (Given Part Value × 100) ÷ Percentage.

Fraction to Percentage Equivalent

Percentages are fractions with a denominator of 100. For instance, 4% is mathematically equivalent to the fraction 4/100, which completely simplifies to 1/25 in its lowest terms.

Base Context in Percentage Calculation

The term 'of' in percentage problems denotes multiplication. The base value immediately following 'of' acts as the 100% reference point for all subsequent calculations.

Shortcut Trick

The Selling Price (SP) is the Marked Price (MP) minus the discount percentage.

⇒ SP = (100 − 4.2)% of MP

⇒ SP = 95.8% of 7895

⇒ SP = 7895 × 0.958 = 7563.41

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,563.41.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹7,895

Discount offered = 4.2%

Formula Used:

Discount Amount = MP × (Discount% ÷ 100)

Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount Amount

Selling Price (95.8%) 4.2%

SP = ₹7,563.41

Marked Price (100%) = ₹7,895

Discount ₹331.59

Calculations:

⇒ Discount Amount = 7895 × (4.2 ÷ 100)

⇒ Discount Amount = 7895 × 0.042 = 331.59

⇒ SP = 7895 − 331.59

⇒ SP = 7563.41

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,563.41.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

The price printed on the label or tag of an article. Any discount offered by the seller is always calculated on the Marked Price.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given on an article, the single equivalent discount percentage is (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Relation between CP and MP

When a discount is given on MP and profit is earned on the Cost Price (CP), the relation is: CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%).

Shortcut Trick

Money earned is directly proportional to the hours worked.

Earnings in 1 hour = 324 ÷ 6 = ₹54

Earnings in 29 hours = 54 × 29 = ₹1,566

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,566.

Alternate Method

Given:

Money earned in 6 hours = ₹324

Required time = 29 hours

Formula Used:

When quantities A and B are directly proportional, A₁ / B₁ = A₂ / B₂

6 Hours ₹324

÷ 6

1 Hour ₹54

× 29

29 Hours ₹1,566

Calculations:

⇒ Let the money earned in 29 hours be x.

⇒ 324 / 6 = x / 29

⇒ x = (324 / 6) × 29

⇒ x = 54 × 29

⇒ x = 54 × (30 − 1)

⇒ x = 1620 − 54 = 1566

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,566.

Additional Information

Directly Proportional Quantities

When two quantities A and B are directly proportional, their ratio remains constant. A ∝ B ⇒ A / B = k (constant). If one quantity increases, the other increases in the exact same ratio.

Unitary Method

A simple mathematical technique to solve proportional problems by first evaluating the value of a single unit, and then multiplying that value by the required number of units.

Inversely Proportional Quantities

When two quantities A and B are inversely proportional, their product remains constant. A ∝ 1 / B ⇒ A × B = k. For example, time taken to cover a fixed distance is inversely proportional to speed.

Shortcut Trick

Total time = D_down / (B + S) + D_up / (B − S)

⇒ 7 = 56 / (B + 9) + 28 / (B − 9)

⇒ 1 = 8 / (B + 9) + 4 / (B − 9) (Dividing by 7 on both sides)

Checking the options, for B = 15 km/h: 8 / 24 + 4 / 6 = 1/3 + 2/3 = 1 (Equation satisfied)

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of stream (S) = 9 km/h

Distance downstream (D_d) = 56 km

Distance upstream (D_u) = 28 km

Total time (T) = 7 hours

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Total Time = D_d / (B + S) + D_u / (B − S)

Downstream: 56 km

Speed = B + 9 Upstream: 28 km

Speed = B − 9 Total Time = 7 hours

Calculations:

⇒ 56 / (B + 9) + 28 / (B − 9) = 7

⇒ 8 / (B + 9) + 4 / (B − 9) = 1

⇒ [8(B − 9) + 4(B + 9)] / [(B + 9)(B − 9)] = 1

⇒ 8B − 72 + 4B + 36 = B² − 81

⇒ 12B − 36 = B² − 81

⇒ B² − 12B − 45 = 0

⇒ B² − 15B + 3B − 45 = 0

⇒ B(B − 15) + 3(B − 15) = 0

⇒ (B − 15)(B + 3) = 0

⇒ B = 15 or B = −3

⇒ Since speed cannot be negative, B = 15 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Additional Information

Downstream and Upstream Speeds

If the speed of a boat in still water is B and the speed of the stream is S, then downstream speed = B + S and upstream speed = B − S.

Finding Speed from Downstream & Upstream

Speed of boat in still water (B) = (Downstream Speed + Upstream Speed) ÷ 2 | Speed of stream (S) = (Downstream Speed − Upstream Speed) ÷ 2.

Average Speed

When a boat travels equal distances downstream and upstream, its average speed for the entire journey is given by (Downstream Speed × Upstream Speed) ÷ Speed of boat in still water.

The correct answer is 'who'.

 

Key Points

• The pronoun "who" is used as the subject of a verb in a relative clause.
• The sentence requires a subject to complete the relative clause ("won the award"), which refers back to "the one."
• Options 1, 2, and 3 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Complete Sentence: "She is the one who won the award."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "which" is incorrect because "which" is used for things, not people.
• Option 2: "whom" is incorrect because "whom" is used as the object of a verb or preposition, not as the subject.
• Option 3: "whose" is incorrect because "whose" is used to indicate possession, not as the subject of a verb.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Common.

Key Points

• The word "Esoteric" means something that is intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest. (गूढ़)
• Example: The professor's lecture on quantum mechanics was so esoteric that only a few students could follow it.
• "Common" refers to something that is known or understood by many people; it is not rare or specialized. (सामान्य)
• Example: The flu is a common illness that affects millions of people every year.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Esoteric' is 'Common'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Common.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Arcane (गोपनीय): Understood by few; mysterious or secret.
• Example: The arcane rituals of the ancient tribe were known only to a few elders.
• Cryptic (संदिग्ध): Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure.
• Example: His cryptic response left everyone in the room puzzled.
• Abstruse (कठिन): Difficult to understand; obscure.
• Example: The philosopher's abstruse theories were difficult for the average person to comprehend.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. always does .

Key Points

• The subject of the sentence is "She," which is a third person singular subject.
• When using third person singular subjects (he, she, it) in the present simple tense, the verb should have an -s on the end.
• The verb "do" becomes "does" when used with third person singular subjects.

Correct sentence: She always does her work in time.

Additional Information

• Always will done: This option is grammatically incorrect because "will done" is not a correct verb form.
• Always done: This option is ungrammatical because "done" is a past participle and cannot function as a main verb without an auxiliary verb.
• Always doing: This option uses the continuous form of the verb, which does not fit the context of a habitual action.

The correct answer is 'whipped'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "whipped up" is a colloquial expression meaning to quickly prepare or assemble a meal.
• Varun, the chef, uses his culinary skills to quickly prepare a delicious meal.
• The other options: "hit," "kept," and "held" do not fit the context as appropriately.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: Varun, the chef, whipped up a delicious meal in just 30 minutes.

Additional Information

• Hit (मार): means to strike or come into sudden contact with something.
• Kept (रखा): is the past tense of keep, meaning to retain possession of something.
• Held (पकड़ा): is the past tense of hold, meaning to grasp or carry.

The correct answer is: Odd.

Key Points

• The word "strange" means something that is unusual or surprising in a way that is unsettling or hard to understand. (अजीब)
• Example: It was strange to see the streets so empty during the day.
• "Odd" refers to something that is different from what is usual or expected; peculiar. (अजीब)
• Example: His behavior was odd and made everyone feel uncomfortable.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Odd.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Safe (सुरक्षित): Protected from or not exposed to danger or risk.
• Example: The neighborhood is known to be very safe.
• Mild (हल्का): Not severe, serious, or harsh.
• Example: The weather was mild and pleasant.
• Stable (स्थिर): Not likely to change or fail; firmly established.
• Example: The patient's condition is stable now.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Rough.

Key Points

• The word "coarse" means something that is rough or harsh in texture. (खुरदुरा)
• Example: The coarse fabric irritated her skin.
• "Rough" refers to a surface that is not smooth and has an uneven texture. (असभ्य)
• Example: The rough surface of the old table needed sanding.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Rough.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Secure (सुरक्षित): Free from danger or threat.
• Example: Make sure the doors are secure before leaving the house.
• Brief (संक्षिप्त): Short in duration, extent, or length.
• Example: He gave a brief summary of the project.
• Honest (ईमानदार): Free of deceit; truthful and sincere.
• Example: She is known for being honest and trustworthy.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Abate" means to become less intense or widespread. (कम करना)
• Example: The storm began to abate after a few hours.
• "Intensify" refers to something that becomes or makes more intense or severe. (तीव्र करना)
• Example: The heatwave is expected to intensify over the next few days.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Abate' is 'Intensify'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Consume (खपत करना): To use up a resource.
• Example: The new car consumes less fuel.
• Reduce (कम करना): To make smaller or less in amount.
• Example: We need to reduce our expenses this month.
• Supply (आपूर्ति): To make something available to someone.
• Example: The company supplies water to the entire region.

The correct answer is 'methodical'.

 

Key Points

• The word "methodical" means done according to a systematic or established form of procedure.
• In the context of the sentence, a methodical approach is one that ensures meticulous planning and execution.
• The other options: "negligent," "erratic," and "lax" do not convey a sense of careful planning or precision.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: The project manager’s methodical approach ensured that every aspect of the project was meticulously planned and executed.

Additional Information

• Negligent (लापरवाह): means failing to take proper care in doing something.
• Erratic (अस्थिर): means not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.
• Lax (ढीला): means not sufficiently strict, severe, or careful.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "deliberate" means something done consciously and intentionally. (जानबूझकर)
• Example: The deliberate act of vandalism was caught on the security camera.
• "Unintentional" refers to something not done on purpose or not intended. (अनजाने में)
• Example: His unintentional mistake caused a lot of confusion during the meeting.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'deliberate' is 'unintentional'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Planned (योजना बनाई गई): Decided on and arranged in advance.
• Example: The event was well planned and executed flawlessly.
• Expected (अपेक्षित): Regarded as likely to happen.
• Example: His promotion was expected after his excellent performance.
• Prepared (तैयार): Made ready for use or consideration.
• Example: She was well prepared for the upcoming exam.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. To wait patiently for an opportunity.

Key Points

• The idiom "Bide one’s time" means:
• To wait patiently for an opportunity. (धैर्यपूर्वक अवसर का इंतजार करना)
• Example: She decided to bide her time and wait for the perfect moment to make her move.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. To wait patiently for an opportunity.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2: To join a popular trend or activity (लोकप्रिय प्रवृत्ति या गतिविधि में शामिल होना)
• Example: Many people decide to join the bandwagon when a new trend emerges.
• Option 3: To face a difficult situation with courage and determination (साहस और दृढ़ता के साथ कठिन परिस्थिति का सामना करना)
• Example: Despite the challenges, she faced the situation with courage and determination.
• Option 4: To accidentally reveal a secret (गलती से एक रहस्य प्रकट करना)
• Example: He accidentally let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "tech-savyy" is misspelt. It should be "tech-savvy". It means being proficient with technology or having a good understanding of technology. (तकनीक के जानकार)
• Example: In today’s digital age, being tech-savvy is almost a necessity for many jobs.
• Tech-savvy refers to someone who is well-informed about or proficient in the use of modern technology, especially computers. (तकनीक के जानकार)
• Example: She’s very tech-savvy and can fix almost any computer problem.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• tec-savvy (तकनीक के जानकार): This is an incorrect spelling.
• tech-savee (तकनीक के जानकार): This is an incorrect spelling.
• tech-saivy (तकनीक के जानकार): This is an incorrect spelling.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "consert" is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is "concert". (संगीत समारोह)
• Example: The band performed brilliantly at the concert.
• "Concert" refers to a musical performance given in public, typically by several performers or of several separate compositions. (संगीत समारोह)
• Example: We attended a beautiful concert at the park last night.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• was (था): Past tense of "is," used to describe something that happened in the past.
• Example: The event was a huge success.
• electric (विद्युत): Relating to, operated by, or producing electricity.
• Example: The electric car is becoming more popular.
• atmosphere (वातावरण): The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet; or the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art.
• Example: The atmosphere at the party was lively and welcoming.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. Chandni is late often for work .

Key Points

• Adverbs of frequency (always, often, usually, rarely, never) are typically placed before the main verb in a sentence.
• In the incorrect sentence, "often" is placed after the verb "is late," which is not the typical placement for an adverb of frequency.
• To correct the sentence, the adverb should come before the verb: "Chandni is often late for work."

Correct sentence: Chandni is often late for work.

Additional Information

• We are hardly ever late for work: Correct usage. "Hardly ever" is an adverbial phrase placed correctly before the main verb.
• They are usually late for work: Correct usage. "Usually" is an adverb placed correctly before the main verb.
• Mahesh and Mukesh are always late for work: Correct usage. "Always" is an adverb placed correctly before the main verb.

The correct answer is 'recreational'.

 

Key Points

• The word "recreational" means relating to or denoting activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
• A recreational vacation is one taken for relaxation and enjoyment.
• Options: "tropic," "expandable," and "notorious" do not appropriately describe a type of vacation.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: She decided to go on a/an recreational vacation.

Additional Information

• Tropic (उष्णकटिबंधीय): relating to the tropics, the region of Earth surrounding the equator.
• Expandable (विस्तार योग्य): able to be expanded or made larger.
• Notorious (बदनाम): famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. The solution was applied so effective that it resolved the issue immediately .

Key Points

• The error in the given sentence is the use of the adverb "effective." The correct adverb should be "effectively."
• "Effective" is an adjective, whereas "effectively" is the adverb form that modifies the verb "was applied" correctly.
• To correct the sentence, replace "effective" with "effectively": "The solution was applied so effectively that it resolved the issue immediately."

Correct sentence: The solution was applied so effectively that it resolved the issue immediately.

Additional Information

• They performed the task surprisingly well despite the challenges: Correct usage. "Surprisingly" modifies the adverb "well."
• She had scarcely begun her speech when the microphone failed: Correct usage. "Scarcely" modifies the verb "begun."
• He spoke softly enough to avoid waking the baby: Correct usage. "Softly" modifies the verb "spoke."

The correct answer is 'requires'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the elements required for effective communication in the digital age.
• The verb "requires" indicates something necessary or essential, which fits well with the context of proper etiquette in communication.
• Other options require grammatical adjustments or do not convey the same necessity implied by "requires".

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective communication in the digital age requires proper etiquette. Responding promptly to emails and messages is a sign of professionalism. However, being mindful of the tone used is equally important. Misunderstandings can arise easily in written communication. Balancing clarity and courtesy ensures meaningful interactions, fostering positive relationships in both personal and professional spheres.

The correct answer is 'promptly'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the importance of quick responses to emails and messages as a sign of professionalism.
• The adverb "promptly" means without delay, which aligns well with the idea of professionalism in communication.
• Other options such as "gradually", "carelessly", or "hurry" do not convey the same sense of timely and professional responses.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective communication in the digital age requires proper etiquette. Responding promptly to emails and messages is a sign of professionalism. However, being mindful of the tone used is equally important. Misunderstandings can arise easily in written communication. Balancing clarity and courtesy ensures meaningful interactions, fostering positive relationships in both personal and professional spheres.

The correct answer is 'mindful'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the importance of being aware of the tone used in written communication.
• The adjective "mindful" means being conscious or aware of something, which fits well in the context of careful communication.
• "Watch" is a verb and does not fit grammatically. "Heedless" and "indiscreet" imply carelessness or lack of awareness, which contradict the intended meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective communication in the digital age requires proper etiquette. Responding promptly to emails and messages is a sign of professionalism. However, being mindful of the tone used is equally important. Misunderstandings can arise easily in written communication. Balancing clarity and courtesy ensures meaningful interactions, fostering positive relationships in both personal and professional spheres.

The correct answer is 'clarity'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the importance of clear communication.
• The noun "clarity" refers to the quality of being clear and easy to understand, which fits well with the context of effective communication.
• Other options like "brightness", "sharpness", and "visibility" do not convey the same sense of clear communication necessary in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective communication in the digital age requires proper etiquette. Responding promptly to emails and messages is a sign of professionalism. However, being mindful of the tone used is equally important. Misunderstandings can arise easily in written communication. Balancing clarity and courtesy ensures meaningful interactions, fostering positive relationships in both personal and professional spheres.

The correct answer is 'fostering'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses how balancing clarity and courtesy in communication results in positive relationships.
• "Fostering" means to encourage or promote the development of something, which fits well with the idea of cultivating positive relationships.
• Other options like "suppressing", "impeding", and "combating" have negative connotations and do not fit the context of encouraging positive relationships.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: Effective communication in the digital age requires proper etiquette. Responding promptly to emails and messages is a sign of professionalism. However, being mindful of the tone used is equally important. Misunderstandings can arise easily in written communication. Balancing clarity and courtesy ensures meaningful interactions, fostering positive relationships in both personal and professional spheres.

'रिधिमा आज अपने घर वर गयी होगी ।' वाक्य में प्रयुक्त 'घर-वर' के शब्द युग्म होगा - सार्थक निरर्थक

Key Points

• वाक्य में प्रयुक्त "घर-वर" शब्द युग्म सार्थक-निरर्थक है। "घर" का अर्थ है निवास स्थान,
• जबकि "वर" का अर्थ यहां निरर्थक है और इसका कोई सापेक्ष अर्थ नहीं निकलता।

Important Pointsसार्थक-

• वे शब्द जिनका कुछ या कोई अर्थ निकलता हो 'सार्थक शब्द' कहते हैं।
• जैसे- मोहन, घर, रात, आना, नीचे, ऊपर आदि।

निरर्थक-

• जिन शब्दों का कोई अर्थ नहीं होता है, उसे निरर्थक शब्द कहते हैं। ​
• जैसे - चाय-वाय, अच्छा-वच्छा, बुढ़ा-वुड्डा, लड़की-सड़की, बछड़ी-वछड़ी इत्यादि।

Additional Information विलोम शब्द-

• जिन शब्दों का अर्थ किसी दूसरे शब्द के विपरीत होता है, उन्हें विलोम शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - अगम - सुगम, कठिन - सरल, खटास - मिठास, गुलाम - आजाद आदि।

'आपने चाय-वाय पी ली होगी । ' वाक्य में प्रयुक्त 'चाय-वाय' का शब्द युग्म है- सार्थक-निरर्थक

Key Points

• 'आपने चाय-वाय पी ली होगी।' इस वाक्य में प्रयुक्त 'चाय-वाय' का शब्द युग्म सार्थक-निरर्थक है।
• 'चाय' एक सार्थक शब्द है जबकि 'वाय' निरर्थक शब्द के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है।

Important Pointsसार्थक-

• वे शब्द जिनका कुछ या कोई अर्थ निकलता हो 'सार्थक शब्द' कहते हैं।
• जैसे- रोटी-वोटी, पानी-वानी, डंडा-वंडा आदि।

निरर्थक-

• जिन शब्दों का कोई अर्थ नहीं होता है, उसे निरर्थक शब्द कहते हैं। ​
• जैसे - भात-वात, दिन-विन, पानी-वानी, शरबत-वरवत इत्यादि।

Additional Informationविलोम शब्द-

• जिन शब्दों का अर्थ किसी दूसरे शब्द के विपरीत होता है, उन्हें विलोम शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - सफलता - असफलता, अन्धकार-प्रकाश, अल्पायु-दीर्घायु, इच्छा-अनिच्छा आदि।

एकार्थी-

• जिन शब्दों का एक ही अर्थ होता है, उन्हें एकार्थी शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - अहंकार - घमंड, वेदना - पीड़ा, समीप - पास, ​शोभा - सुंदरता आदि। ​

पर्यायवाची-

• जिन शब्दों के अर्थ एक जैसे होते हैं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।
• जैसे - ​
• अतिथि - मेहमान, पाहुन, आगंतुक, अभ्यागत।
• ईश्वर - प्रभु, परमेश्वर, भगवान, परमात्मा।