SSC GD Constable 2025 Official Paper (Held On: 05 Feb, 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

E, F, G, H, K, L and N are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

Only three people sit between L and N when counted from the right of N.

G sits to the immediate right of N.

Only two people sit between H and G when counted from the right of H.

K sits to the immediate right of E

Thus, 3 people sit between F and E when counted from the left of F.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, the missing term in the series is 'FOU'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The venn diagram for given relationship is:

Onion is a type of Vegetable.

Shirt is a completely different entity and has no relation to Onion or Vegetable.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The given code language is:

Thus, code for 'T' is '6'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The option in which the given figure (X) is embedded.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Thus, 73 will be the next number in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The word is OPERATOR.

Let's write down the letters of the word and their original positions:

Now, let's arrange the letters of the word OPERATOR in English alphabetical order:

 

Thus, Zero letter remain unchanged.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

FROM is related to WJFE

And,

VLEG is related to MDVY

Similarly,

UNDI is related to

Thus, UNDI is related to 'LFUA'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given: 

 

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Expression: 'E * L # B @ P'

'E * L' means 'E is the husband of L'. 

'L # B' means 'L is the mother of B'. 

'B @ P' means 'B is the father of P'. 

 

Thus, B is the son of E.

Hence, the correct answer is **"Option 1".**​

Given:

Kunti, Panjiri, Anjali, Hansraj and Roshan are sitting in a circular table facing the centre.

Roshan is sitting to the immediate right of Hansraj and Hansraj is sitting to the immediate right of Anjali.

Panjiri is the immediate neighbour of Kunti and Roshan.

Thus, Anjali is the immediate neighbour of Kunti and Hansraj.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The paper look when unfolded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Logic: If two dice have the same face value in the given image then their clockwise or anticlockwise wise number are known as opposite numbers in dice.

Opposite pairs

I ⇔ Y

E ⇔ R

A ⇔ P

Thus, A will opposite to P.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible venn diagram:

Conclusions:

(I): No lyricist is a musician → False (As, there is no direct relation between lyricist and musician. so, it can be a possibility but definite)

(II): Some writers are lyricists → False (As, there is no direct relation between writers and lyricists, so, it can be a possibility but definite)

Thus, Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is:

Given Sequence: CR_S_ ROS_C S S_R_S

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the options one by one:

Option 1) QNPADEPQT → CRQSN PROSACD ES SPRQST

Option 2) OSCSROCOS → CROSS CROSSCR OS SCROSS

Option 3) QPQDBADAP → CRQSP** QROSDCB **AS SDRASP 

Option 4) ASCSRACOH → CRASS CROSSCR AS SCROSH

The filled series becomes: CROSS CROSS CROSS

Here, 'CROSS' followed a pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Logic: 1st letter - 3 = 2nd letter

2nd letter + 4 = 3rd letter.

Option 1) VSW

Option 2) WTX

Option 3) NLO

Option 4) KHL

Thus, Option 3 not follow the same logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The pattern followed here is:

Thus, 726 will be the next number in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The given equation is: 16 - 2 × 104 + 4 ÷ 20 = ?

According to the question, we need to interchange the following operators:

'+' with '÷' and '-' with '×'

Applying these interchanges to the given equation, we get:

16 × 2 - 104 ÷ 4 + 20 = ?

→ 16 × 2 - 104 ÷ 4 + 20 

→ 16 × 2 - 26+ 20 

→ 32 - 26 + 20 

→  52 - 26

→ 26.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (Sum of letters reverse position value) × 2 = Number.

For 'GPZJ' = '98':​

Reverse Position value

G is the 20th 

P is the 11th 

Z is the 1st 

J is the 17th 

(20 + 11 + 1 + 17)  × 2

= 98.

For 'OWRS' = '66':

Reverse Position value

O is the 12th 

W is the 4th 

R is the 9th

S is the 8th

(12 + 4 + 9 + 8) × 2

= 66.

Similarly,

For 'VIXE':

Reverse Position value

V is the 5th 

I is the 18th 

X is the 3rd 

E is the 22nd 

(5 + 18 + 3 + 22) × 2

= 96.

Thus, the code for 'VIXE' is 96.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern followed here is:

CGJK is related to IMPQ

And, 

HLQR is related to NRWX

Similarly,

 AEMO is related

Thus,  AEMO is related to 'GKSU'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is 1927.

Key Points

• The Mahad Satyagraha was led by Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar in 1927 to fight for the rights of Dalits to access public water sources.
• The movement took place in Mahad, a town in the present-day Raigad district of Maharashtra.
• The primary objective was to allow Dalits to drink water from the Chavdar Tank, which was previously restricted to upper castes.
• It was a landmark event in the Dalit rights movement and highlighted the practice of untouchability in India.
• Ambedkar publicly burned the Manusmriti during the protest, symbolizing his rejection of caste-based discrimination.

Additional Information

• Untouchability: A social practice in India where certain communities, primarily Dalits, were ostracized and denied access to basic rights and resources.
• Manusmriti: An ancient Hindu legal text that endorsed caste-based discrimination, which Ambedkar burned as a symbolic act during the Mahad Satyagraha.
• Dalit Rights Movement: A series of protests and reforms led by leaders like Ambedkar to fight against caste-based oppression and secure equal rights for Dalits.
• Chavdar Tank: A public water tank in Mahad, Maharashtra, that became the focal point of the Mahad Satyagraha.
• Impact of Mahad Satyagraha: The movement was a turning point in India's social reform, challenging the caste system and advocating equality and justice.

The correct answer is Boilers Act, 1923.

Key Points

• The Boilers Bill, 2024, introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 8 August 2024, seeks to replace the Boilers Act, 1923, which has been in place for over a century.
• The Boilers Act, 1923, regulated the operation, inspection, and certification of boilers used in industries to ensure safety and efficiency.
• The Bill aims to modernize boiler regulations, addressing advancements in technology, safety standards, and industrial practices.
• It incorporates stricter safety norms and compliance measures to prevent boiler-related accidents and enhance energy efficiency.
• This initiative is part of the government's broader agenda to reform outdated legislation and align industrial practices with global standards.

Additional Information

• Boilers Act, 1923:
• Enacted to regulate the safety of boilers in industries to prevent accidents caused by steam pressure.
• Mandated periodic inspections and certifications of boilers by authorized inspectors.
• Defined penalties for non-compliance with safety standards.
• Boiler:
• A boiler is a closed vessel used for generating steam or heating water under pressure, typically used in industries like power generation, textile, and manufacturing.
• Boiler safety is critical as failures can lead to catastrophic accidents, loss of life, and property damage.
• Industrial Safety Reforms:
• The modernization of boiler regulations is part of India’s focus on enhancing workplace safety and operational efficiency.
• It aligns with global standards such as ISO 16528 for boiler and pressure vessel safety.
• Key Technological Advancements:
• Modern boilers now incorporate advanced automation, monitoring systems, and energy-efficient designs to improve safety and performance.
• The new legislation is expected to mandate the adoption of such technologies in industrial boilers.

The correct answer is Ananda Shankar.

Key Points

• Ananda Shankar was a renowned Indian musician known for blending Indian classical music with Western rock and electronic music.
• The tracks 'Streets of Calcutta' and 'Dancing Drums' are iconic pieces from his album released in the 1970s, showcasing his experimental fusion style.
• Ananda Shankar was the nephew of the legendary sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar, but he carved his own niche in the global music scene.
• His work contributed significantly to the genre of world music, influencing generations of artists in both India and abroad.
• Ananda Shankar's music featured instruments like the sitar alongside synthesizers, creating a unique and groundbreaking sound.

Additional Information

• World Music: A genre that combines traditional music from various cultures with modern elements, promoting cross-cultural musical exchange.
• Fusion Music: A style that blends multiple musical traditions, such as classical Indian music with Western pop, rock, or electronic genres.
• Sitar: A traditional Indian string instrument prominently used in Indian classical music and famously associated with Ravi Shankar.
• Electronic Music: A genre of music that uses electronic instruments, synthesizers, and digital technology for production and composition.
• Ananda Shankar's work has been featured in several international compilations, highlighting his contributions to experimental and world music.

The correct answer is Decreased dependence on food imports.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution in India, initiated in the 1960s, led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity, especially in the production of wheat and rice.
• It introduced high-yield variety (HYV) seeds, modern irrigation techniques, and chemical fertilizers, enabling self-sufficiency in food production.
• By the late 1970s, India transitioned from a food-deficient country to a food surplus nation, reducing its reliance on food imports.
• The Green Revolution helped India achieve food security, especially during times of population growth and economic challenges.
• It also played a critical role in alleviating famines and ensuring the availability of staple foods domestically, lessening external dependence.

Additional Information

• High-Yield Variety (HYV) Seeds: These seeds were pivotal to the Green Revolution, offering higher productivity compared to traditional seeds, especially for crops like wheat and rice.
• Role of Irrigation: The expansion of irrigation infrastructure, such as canals and tube wells, ensured a consistent water supply, crucial for HYV seeds' success.
• Fertilizers and Pesticides: The increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides significantly boosted crop yields but also raised concerns about environmental impact.
• Impact on Rural Economy: While the Green Revolution increased incomes for many farmers, it also widened the gap between large and small landholders, leading to socio-economic disparities.
• Food Security Achievements: India’s improved agricultural output enabled the establishment of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and buffer stock management, ensuring food availability during crises.

The correct answer is 9th December 1946.

Key Points

• The Constituent Assembly of India met for the first time on 9th December 1946, marking the beginning of the drafting process for India's Constitution.
• The meeting was held in the Constitution Hall (now known as the Central Hall of Parliament) in New Delhi.
• Sachchidananda Sinha, the oldest member of the Assembly, was appointed as the temporary President for the inaugural session.
• A total of 207 members attended this first session out of 389 originally elected members, as representatives from Muslim League and princely states largely abstained.
• This date is considered pivotal in Indian history as it laid the foundation for the creation of the world's largest democracy.

Additional Information

• Constituent Assembly:
• It was formed under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, sent by the British government to discuss the transfer of power.
• The Assembly had members from provinces and princely states, chosen via indirect elections.
• The main purpose of the Assembly was to draft the Constitution of India.
• Drafting Committee:
• The Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was formed on 29th August 1947.
• The Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950.
• Significance of the First Session:
• The first session set the tone for subsequent discussions and debates on the Constitution.
• It highlighted the challenges of uniting diverse interests, religions, and regions of India.
• Constitution Hall:
• The venue for the first session, the Constitution Hall, is now part of the Indian Parliament complex and symbolizes India’s journey to democracy.

The correct answer is Chara.

Key Points

• Chara is a genus of green algae belonging to the Charophyta division and is commonly referred to as stonewort.
• It is often mistaken for a plant due to its complex morphology, including stem-like structures and whorls of branchlets.
• Chara is found predominantly in freshwater environments like ponds and lakes, where it grows submerged.
• Unlike vascular plants, Chara lacks true roots, stems, and leaves but has rhizoids for anchoring and nutrient absorption.
• Its body structure and reproductive mechanisms make it one of the closest relatives to land plants within the algal group.

Additional Information

• Charophytes: A group of green algae that are the closest relatives to land plants, sharing similar cellular and reproductive structures.
• Rhizoids: Thread-like structures found in Chara that function similarly to roots, aiding in anchoring and nutrient absorption.
• Stonewort: The nickname "stonewort" comes from its calcified appearance due to the deposition of calcium carbonate on its surface.
• Reproductive Structures: Chara reproduces sexually using oogonia (female structures) and antheridia (male structures), which resemble plant reproductive organs.
• Ecological Role: Chara plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems by oxygenating water, providing habitat for aquatic organisms, and stabilizing sediments.

The correct answer is iron.

Key Points

• At room temperature and pressure, the particles in solids like iron have the least kinetic energy compared to liquids or gases.
• In solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed lattice structure, which restricts their movement, minimizing their kinetic energy.
• Iron, being a solid, exhibits strong intermolecular forces, which further limits the motion of its particles.
• In contrast, gases like methane and liquids like water or kerosene have particles with higher kinetic energy due to weaker intermolecular forces and greater freedom of movement.
• The kinetic energy of particles is directly proportional to their motion, and in the case of solids, this motion is minimal (restricted to vibrations about a fixed position).

Additional Information

• Kinetic Energy in States of Matter
• Kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion. The particles in solids have the least kinetic energy, while gases have the highest.
• In liquids, particles have more kinetic energy than solids but less than gases, allowing them to flow but not expand indefinitely.
• Intermolecular Forces
• Solids like iron have the strongest intermolecular forces, keeping particles in fixed positions.
• Liquids and gases have weaker intermolecular forces, which result in greater freedom of movement for their particles.
• Particle Movement in Solids
• In solids, particles vibrate around fixed points but do not move freely, resulting in low kinetic energy.
• This is why solids maintain a definite shape and volume, unlike liquids and gases.
• Temperature and Kinetic Energy
• Kinetic energy increases with temperature as particles gain more thermal energy.
• At room temperature, solids like iron remain in their low-energy state due to their rigid structure.

The correct answer is Pakistan.

Key Points

• Pakistan has the highest number of million cities among India’s neighboring countries, with cities like Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and others having populations exceeding one million.
• As per the latest data, Pakistan has over 10 cities with populations exceeding one million, making it the leader in this category among India's neighbors.
• Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, is not only the country's economic hub but also one of the most populous cities in the world.
• India's other neighboring countries, such as Nepal and Sri Lanka, have relatively smaller urban populations and fewer cities crossing the one million population mark.
• Bangladesh also has significant urban centers, like Dhaka and Chittagong, but fewer in number compared to Pakistan.

Additional Information

• Million Cities: These are urban centers with populations exceeding one million. They are usually characterized by high economic activity, better infrastructure, and dense populations.
• Karachi: The largest city in Pakistan, it is a major port and industrial hub, contributing significantly to the country's GDP.
• Urbanization in South Asia: Countries like India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are experiencing rapid urbanization, driven by economic opportunities and population growth.
• Population Density in Neighboring Countries: Bangladesh, despite having fewer million cities than Pakistan, is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.
• Urban Planning Challenges: Rapid growth in million cities leads to challenges such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, pollution, and strain on public services.

The correct answer is can be used without any direct payment.

Key Points

• Public provision refers to goods and services that are financed through government budgets and provided for public benefit.
• These goods and services can be accessed without any direct payment by the users at the point of use.
• Examples include public healthcare, public education, infrastructure, and subsidized services like public transportation.
• The cost of such provisions is covered through tax revenues, ensuring equitable access to essential services for all sections of society.
• This approach supports the government's role in promoting social welfare and reducing inequality.

Additional Information

• Public Goods: Goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning they can be consumed by everyone without reducing their availability to others (e.g., street lighting, national defense).
• Merit Goods: Services considered beneficial for individuals and society, often provided by the government at low or no cost (e.g., education, healthcare).
• Progressive Taxation: A taxation system where higher-income groups pay a higher percentage of their income, ensuring funding for public provisions and reducing income inequality.
• Subsidies: Financial assistance provided by the government to reduce the cost of certain goods or services, making them affordable for the general public.
• Welfare State: A concept where the government takes responsibility for the well-being of its citizens by providing essential services and ensuring a minimum standard of living.

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points

• Smriti Mandhana is a prominent Indian cricketer who plays for the Indian women's national team.
• She is known for her aggressive left-handed batting and is regarded as one of the finest batters in women's cricket globally.
• Mandhana was named the ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year in 2018 and won the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Award for the same.
• She has been a vital part of India's major cricket tournaments, including the ICC Women's World Cup and T20 World Cup.
• Smriti Mandhana is also a key player in domestic and franchise cricket, representing teams like Trailblazers in the Women's T20 Challenge and Southern Brave in The Hundred.

Additional Information

• ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year: This prestigious award is given annually by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to the best-performing female cricketer globally.
• Women's T20 World Cup: A major international cricket tournament organized by the ICC, where teams compete in the T20 format.
• The Hundred: An innovative franchise-based cricket league in England featuring 100-ball matches, where Smriti Mandhana has participated as a marquee player.
• Women's T20 Challenge: A domestic Indian cricket tournament that serves as the female equivalent of the IPL, aimed at promoting women's cricket.
• Smriti Mandhana's Achievements: She was the youngest T20I captain for India and has numerous centuries across formats, showcasing her consistency and skill in cricket.

The correct answer is Decrease in rural population.

Key Points

• Decrease in rural population was not an outcome of the Green Revolution; the rural population remained largely stable during this period.
• The Green Revolution led to a significant increase in food grain production, particularly in wheat and rice, ensuring self-sufficiency in food for India.
• A key result of the Green Revolution was the high dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to boost agricultural yields.
• It also promoted the development of improved agricultural infrastructure, including irrigation systems, roads, and storage facilities.
• The Green Revolution primarily benefited regions with access to irrigation, leading to regional disparities in agricultural growth.

Additional Information

• Green Revolution: A series of initiatives introduced in the mid-20th century to increase agricultural productivity in India using high-yield variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and advanced irrigation techniques.
• High-Yield Variety Seeds: These seeds were a cornerstone of the Green Revolution and significantly increased the production of wheat and rice.
• Impact on Farmers: While larger farmers benefitted significantly, small-scale farmers often struggled with the cost of fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery.
• Environmental Effects: The intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides led to soil degradation, water pollution, and reduced biodiversity in some areas.
• Regional Disparities: The Green Revolution had a limited impact on rain-fed areas and regions without proper irrigation infrastructure, such as eastern and southern India.

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest classical dance forms in India, is known for its unique feature of Ekaharya, where a single dancer portrays multiple characters in a single performance.
• The term Ekaharya derives from Sanskrit, meaning "one actor" or "one character," highlighting the versatility of the performer.
• This dance form uses intricate abhinaya (expressive gestures) and body movements to depict multiple roles, often supported by rich mythological narratives.
• Bharatanatyam, originating from Tamil Nadu, is deeply rooted in Natya Shastra, an ancient treatise on performing arts written by sage Bharata.
• It is a highly codified art form performed in temples as a form of devotion and later evolved into a stage performance art.

Additional Information

• Natya Shastra:
• It is an ancient Indian treatise on performing arts attributed to sage Bharata, detailing various aspects of drama, dance, and music.
• It outlines the principles of Rasa (emotions), Abhinaya (expressions), and Mudras (gestures) used in Bharatanatyam.
• Key Elements of Bharatanatyam:
• Nritta: Pure dance movements without storytelling elements.
• Nritya: Expressive dance that conveys emotions and stories through gestures and facial expressions.
• Natya: Dramatic art, combining speech, music, and dance.
• Ekaharya in Other Classical Dances: While Bharatanatyam is prominent for Ekaharya, similar concepts can be seen in other forms like Kathak and Kuchipudi, though Bharatanatyam is most recognized for it.
• Devadasi Tradition: Historically, Bharatanatyam was performed by Devadasis (female temple dancers) as a form of devotion to deities in temples.
• Modern Revival: Bharatanatyam was revived and redefined as a stage art form in the 20th century by pioneers like Rukmini Devi Arundale.

The correct answer is Dharmendra Pradhan.

Key Points

• Dharmendra Pradhan is the Union Cabinet Minister for Education in the Government of India as of September 2024.
• He has held the position since July 7, 2021, after a cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• In addition to education, Dharmendra Pradhan is also responsible for the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
• He has played a pivotal role in implementing the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, focusing on holistic and multidisciplinary education reforms.
• Previously, he served as the Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas, where he was instrumental in initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.

Additional Information

• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:
• The NEP 2020 aims to transform India's education system, emphasizing early childhood care, foundational literacy, and skill development.
• It introduces a 5+3+3+4 structure, replacing the previous 10+2 structure, focusing on flexibility and multidisciplinary education.
• Key aspects include vocational training from Grade 6, increased use of regional languages, and fostering critical thinking.
• Ministry of Education:
• Previously known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), it was renamed in 2020 under NEP reforms.
• The ministry is responsible for formulating policies to improve school and higher education in India.
• Dharmendra Pradhan's Background:
• He is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and hails from Odisha.
• He has a strong political career with extensive experience in governance and public administration.
• Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship:
• This ministry focuses on enhancing employability through skill training and entrepreneurship development initiatives.
• It collaborates with the education ministry for skill integration into formal education under the NEP.

The correct answer is 1st century BC.

Key Points

• The Shunga dynasty was established around 185 BCE after the fall of the Maurya Empire by Pushyamitra Shunga.
• The last ruler of the Shunga dynasty, Devabhuti, was assassinated by his minister Vasudeva Kanva, marking the end of the dynasty.
• This event occurred in the 1st century BC, around 73 BCE, leading to the rise of the Kanva dynasty.
• The Shunga dynasty ruled for nearly 112 years, focusing on the revival of Hinduism and promoting art and culture.
• Devabhuti's assassination signified a shift in political power to the Kanvas, who ruled until the Satavahanas took over.

Additional Information

• Shunga Dynasty: It succeeded the Maurya Empire and is known for its contributions to Indian art, including the construction of stupas and sculptures at Bharhut and Sanchi.
• Pushyamitra Shunga: The founder of the Shunga dynasty, who played a key role in reviving Hindu practices after the Mauryan support of Buddhism.
• Kanva Dynasty: Founded by Vasudeva Kanva, this dynasty replaced the Shungas and ruled central India until the rise of the Satavahana dynasty.
• Devabhuti: The last Shunga ruler, known for his indulgent lifestyle, which eventually led to his assassination and the decline of the dynasty.
• Political Transition: The assassination of Devabhuti marked a period of political instability, paving the way for the Kanva dynasty and regional powers like the Satavahanas and Kushanas.

The correct answer is Governor of the State.

Key Points

• The Governor of the State is empowered to make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the State Government under Article 166(3) of the Indian Constitution.
• These rules specify the manner in which the executive business of the State is conducted and allocated among ministers.
• The Governor acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister in formulating these rules.
• The Governor’s role is largely formal and procedural, ensuring that the business of the State Government is carried out efficiently and constitutionally.

Additional Information

• Article 166 of the Indian Constitution:
• It deals with the conduct of business of the Government of a State.
• Article 166(1) states that all executive actions of the Government of a State shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the Governor.
• Article 166(3) empowers the Governor to make rules for the convenient transaction of business of the State Government.
• Role of the Chief Minister:
• The Chief Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and advises the Governor on various matters, including the formulation of rules for the business of the State.
• The Governor acts on this advice in accordance with constitutional provisions.
• Advocate General of the State:
• The Advocate General is the highest law officer of a State but does not have a role in making rules for the transaction of State Government business.
• Chief Secretary of the State:
• The Chief Secretary is the administrative head of the State Government and assists in the implementation of rules but does not create them.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Nandi Awards are prestigious awards presented annually by the government of Andhra Pradesh to recognize excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television.
• The award was instituted in 1964 and is considered one of the highest honors in the Telugu film industry.
• The Nandi Awards are named after the Nandi (bull), a cultural and historical symbol of Andhra Pradesh.
• The Best Choreographer Award is among the many categories that honor exceptional contributions to Telugu cinema, including acting, directing, and technical excellence.
• The awards are typically announced by the Department of Information and Public Relations of the Andhra Pradesh government.

Additional Information

• Choreography:
• Choreography refers to the art of designing sequences of movements, typically in dance, which are performed by artists in films, theatre, or other performances.
• Choreographers play a vital role in enhancing the visual appeal of songs and dance sequences in cinema.
• Telugu Film Industry:
• Also known as "Tollywood," it is one of the largest regional film industries in India, producing films in the Telugu language.
• It has a significant audience base in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and among the Telugu-speaking diaspora worldwide.
• Other Nandi Award Categories:
• Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best Music Director, among others.
• Special awards like the Raghupathi Venkaiah Award are given for lifetime contributions to Telugu cinema.
• Significance of Nandi Symbol:
• The bull, Nandi, is associated with Lord Shiva and represents strength, loyalty, and cultural heritage in Hindu traditions.
• The award trophy features a depiction of Nandi as a mark of cultural pride for Andhra Pradesh.

The correct answer is Reservoir.

Key Points

• A reservoir is a human-made water body created by constructing a dam to block the flow of a river or stream.
• Reservoirs are primarily built to store water for purposes such as irrigation, drinking water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control.
• Famous examples include the Bhakra Reservoir (India) and the Hoover Dam Reservoir (USA).
• These artificial water bodies help in managing water resources and ensuring water availability during dry periods.
• Reservoirs also support aquatic ecosystems and recreational activities like fishing and boating.

Additional Information

• Lagoon: A lagoon is a shallow water body separated from a larger water body, such as the sea, by a barrier like a sandbank or coral reef.
• Estuary: An estuary is a coastal area where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean, creating a unique brackish environment.
• Oxbow Lake: This is a naturally formed water body created when a river meander is cut off from the main flow, forming a crescent-shaped lake.
• Dam Construction: The creation of reservoirs often involves building large dams, such as gravity dams, arch dams, or earthen dams, depending on geological and environmental conditions.
• Environmental Impact: While reservoirs provide significant benefits, they can also disrupt local ecosystems, displace communities, and affect sediment flow in rivers.

The correct answer is Myanmar.

Key Points

• The Rohingya Crisis primarily involves the Rohingya Muslim minority from Myanmar, who have faced persecution in their homeland.
• Myanmar's Rakhine State has been the epicenter of the crisis, where systematic violence and discrimination have led to mass displacement.
• In 2017, a military crackdown in Myanmar resulted in the exodus of over 740,000 Rohingya refugees to neighboring countries like Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, and others.
• The Rohingya are considered stateless in Myanmar under the 1982 Citizenship Law, leaving them without legal rights and protections.
• The United Nations has described the violence against the Rohingya as a possible genocide and "ethnic cleansing."

Additional Information

• Rohingya Ethnicity: The Rohingya are a primarily Muslim ethnic group with a distinct language and culture, differing from Myanmar's dominant Buddhist population.
• Bangladesh's Role: Bangladesh has been the primary host for Rohingya refugees, sheltering over 1 million individuals in camps such as Cox's Bazar, the world's largest refugee settlement.
• International Response: The crisis has drawn global attention, with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) conducting hearings on alleged genocide and various nations providing humanitarian aid.
• Impact on India: India has received thousands of Rohingya refugees, though their presence has sparked debates on national security, border management, and humanitarian obligations.
• UNHCR Involvement: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) plays a key role in providing support, documentation, and advocacy for the rights of Rohingya refugees.

The correct answer is Neeraj Chopra.

Key Points

• Neeraj Chopra became the first Indian to win a gold medal at the World Athletics Championships in 2023.
• He won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw event with a throw of 88.17 meters.
• The event was held in Budapest, Hungary as part of the World Athletics Championships 2023.
• Neeraj Chopra's historic achievement adds to his illustrious career, which includes a gold medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
• He has become a symbol of excellence in Indian athletics, inspiring a new generation of sportspersons in the country.

Additional Information

• World Athletics Championships
• It is a biennial event organized by World Athletics, the international governing body for track and field sports.
• The championship includes various events such as sprints, middle-distance, long-distance running, jumping, and throwing disciplines.
• It is considered one of the most prestigious competitions in global athletics.
• Neeraj Chopra’s Career Highlights
• Neeraj Chopra won the first-ever Olympic gold medal in athletics for India at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in the men’s javelin throw event.
• He also secured the silver medal at the World Athletics Championships 2022.
• He has been honored with the Khel Ratna Award, India’s highest sporting honor.
• Javelin Throw
• It is a track and field event in which athletes throw a spear-like implement called a javelin as far as possible.
• The technique involves speed, strength, and precise coordination to achieve the maximum distance.
• The javelin must land tip-first and within the designated sector for the throw to be valid.
• India’s Progress in Athletics
• Neeraj Chopra’s success has brought attention to the growing prominence of field events in Indian athletics.
• India has also witnessed recent successes in other disciplines like long jump and race walking.
• These achievements are attributed to increased investment in sports infrastructure, training, and international exposure for Indian athletes.

The correct answer is Durga Puja.

Key Points

• Durga Puja, a major Hindu festival celebrated in West Bengal, was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in December 2021.
• It is recognized for its rich cultural traditions, artistic expressions, and community participation that transcend religious boundaries.
• The festival involves intricate idol-making, vibrant processions, cultural performances, and traditional rituals, showcasing the creative and spiritual heritage of Bengal.
• Durga Puja is celebrated annually during the autumn season and honors the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura.
• The recognition by UNESCO highlights the festival's global cultural significance and its role in fostering social cohesion and cultural diversity.

Additional Information

• UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage:
• Established in 2003, this list aims to safeguard practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities recognize as part of their cultural heritage.
• India has several elements inscribed on this list, including Yoga, Kumbh Mela, and now Durga Puja.
• Durga Puja Celebrations:
• It spans over 10 days, with the last five days being the most significant, including Shashthi, Saptami, Ashtami, Navami, and Dashami.
• Dashami marks the immersion of the Durga idols, symbolizing the return of the goddess to her celestial abode.
• Economic Impact:
• Durga Puja generates significant economic activity, especially in Kolkata, with expenditures on pandals, decorations, cultural programs, and food.
• It also serves as a source of livelihood for artisans, craftsmen, and workers involved in the festival.
• UNESCO and India:
• India has 14 intangible cultural heritage elements inscribed on the UNESCO list as of 2023.
• This recognition enhances global awareness of India's rich cultural traditions and promotes tourism.

Shortcut Trick

Let the given numbers be a and b.

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is given by the formula √(a × b).

Mean proportional = √(2.8 × 0.7)

Mean proportional = √(1.96) = 1.4

∴ The correct answer is 1.4.

Alternate Method

Given:

The two numbers are 2.8 and 0.7.

Formula Used:

If x is the mean proportional between two numbers a and b, they form a continuous proportion such that a : x :: x : b.

x × x

2.8

:

x

::

x

:

0.7

2.8 × 0.7

Product of Means = Product of Extremes

Calculations:

⇒ Let the mean proportional be x.

⇒ 2.8 : x = x : 0.7

⇒ x × x = 2.8 × 0.7

⇒ x² = 1.96

⇒ x = √(1.96)

⇒ x = 1.4

∴ The correct answer is 1.4.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

If a : b :: b : c, then c is called the third proportional. It is calculated directly as c = b² ÷ a.

Fourth Proportional

If a : b :: c : d, then d is called the fourth proportional. It is calculated as d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Compound Ratio

The ratio of the product of antecedents to the product of consequents of two or more ratios is called the compound ratio. For a : b and c : d, it is (a × c) : (b × d).

Shortcut Trick

Let the initial price of fuel be 100.

Using the successive multiplying factor method:

Final Price = 100 × (1 − 0.55) × (1 − 0.10) × (1 − 0.20) × (1 + 0.65)

⇒ Final Price = 100 × 0.45 × 0.90 × 0.80 × 1.65 = 53.46

Net percentage change = 53.46 − 100 = −46.54%

∴ The correct answer is 46.54% decrease.

Alternate Method

Let the original price of fuel be ₹100.

100

45

40.5

32.4

53.46

−55%

−10%

−20%

+65%

Net Decrease = 46.54%

Successive Percentage Changes

Step 1: Price after a 55% decrease in the first month

⇒ 100 − (55% of 100) = 100 − 55 = ₹45

Step 2: Price after a 10% decrease in the second month

⇒ 45 − (10% of 45) = 45 − 4.5 = ₹40.5

Step 3: Price after a 20% decrease in the third month

⇒ 40.5 − (20% of 40.5) = 40.5 − 8.1 = ₹32.4

Step 4: Price after a 65% increase in the fourth month

⇒ 32.4 + (65% of 32.4) = 32.4 + 21.06 = ₹53.46

Final Change Calculation:

⇒ Net decrease = Original Price − Final Price

⇒ Net decrease = 100 − 53.46 = 46.54

⇒ Percentage decrease = (46.54 ÷ 100) × 100% = 46.54%

∴ The correct answer is 46.54% decrease.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change Formula

When a value is sequentially changed by a% and then b%, the effective percentage change is computed as: a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100.

Multiplying Factor Approach

For multiple successions (three or more changes), the fractional multiplier approach is much faster. It calculates the final value using base multipliers directly: Final Value = Initial Value × (1 ± r₁/100) × (1 ± r₂/100) × ...

Changing Base Principle

In successive percentages, the base against which the percentage applies is updated at every single step. A 20% increase followed by a 20% decrease does not bring the value back to original, but reduces it overall since the decrease operates on a comparatively larger baseline.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Cost Price (CP) of the fan be 100%.

Since the profit is 32%, the Selling Price (SP) = 100% + 32% = 132%.

132% of CP = 7392

1% of CP = 7392 ÷ 132 = 56

100% of CP = 56 × 100 = 5600

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,600.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price (SP) of the fan = ₹7,392

Profit Percentage = 32%

Formula Used:

CP = [100 ÷ (100 + Profit%)] × SP

CP = ?

SP = ₹7392

+32% Profit

132% of CP = SP

Calculations:

⇒ CP = [100 ÷ (100 + 32)] × 7392

⇒ CP = (100 ÷ 132) × 7392

⇒ CP = 100 × 56

⇒ CP = 5600

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,600.

Additional Information

Loss Percentage

When a product is sold at a loss, the Cost Price can be calculated using the formula: CP = [100 ÷ (100 − Loss%)] × SP.

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). The relation between Cost Price, Marked Price, Profit% and Discount% is direct: CP × (100 + Profit%) = MP × (100 − Discount%).

Dishonest Dealer

If a seller sells goods at cost price but uses false weights, the profit percentage is calculated as: Profit% = [Error ÷ (True Value − Error)] × 100.

Shortcut Trick

Total interest percentage for 4 years at 8% per annum = 8% × 4 = 32%.

This means 32% of the principal amount equals ₹824.

⇒ 1% of Principal = 824 ÷ 32 = ₹25.75

⇒ 100% of Principal = 25.75 × 100 = ₹2575

∴ The correct answer is ₹2575.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) = ₹824

Time (T) = 4 years

Rate of Interest (R) = 8% per annum

Formula Used:

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Where P is the Principal amount.

Principal (P) = 100%

SI = ₹824 Rate = 8% × 4 = 32%

32% of P = ₹824

Calculations:

⇒ 824 = (P × 8 × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ 824 = (P × 32) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (824 × 100) ÷ 32

⇒ P = 82400 ÷ 32

⇒ P = 2575

∴ The correct answer is ₹2575.

Additional Information

Amount Formula

The total amount (A) after a certain period is the sum of the Principal (P) and Simple Interest (SI): A = P + SI = P × (1 + RT/100).

Effective Interest Rate

In simple interest, the effective rate for multiple years is directly proportional to time. For 't' years at 'r'% rate, the total interest is (r × t)% of the principal amount.

Difference Between SI and CI

Simple Interest is calculated only on the initial principal sum, whereas Compound Interest is calculated on the principal plus any accumulated interest from previous periods.

Shortcut Trick

Overall average of the 3 persons = 45 kg.

Total deviation of Mandar and Ketan from the overall average = (43 − 45) × 2 = −4 kg

Total deviation of Ketan and Tushar from the overall average = (48 − 45) × 2 = +6 kg

When two groups overlap exactly at one person, the overlapping value is given by:

Weight of Ketan = Overall Average + Net Total Deviation

⇒ Weight of Ketan = 45 − 4 + 6 = 47 kg

∴ The correct answer is 47 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average weight of Mandar (M), Ketan (K), and Tushar (T) = 45 kg

Average weight of Mandar and Ketan = 43 kg

Average weight of Ketan and Tushar = 48 kg

Total Weight (M + K + T) = 135 kg

M + K = 86 kg

M K T

K + T = 96 kg

Overlap (K) = (86 + 96) − 135 = 47 kg

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight of M, K, and T = 45 × 3 = 135 kg  ... (Equation 1)

⇒ Total weight of M and K = 43 × 2 = 86 kg  ... (Equation 2)

⇒ Total weight of K and T = 48 × 2 = 96 kg  ... (Equation 3)

Adding Equation 2 and Equation 3 together gives the total weight of the sub-groups where Ketan's weight is counted twice:

⇒ (M + K) + (K + T) = 86 + 96

⇒ M + 2K + T = 182 kg

Subtracting the sum of all three members (Equation 1) from this total overlap gives Ketan's weight:

⇒ (M + 2K + T) − (M + K + T) = 182 − 135

⇒ K = 47 kg

∴ The correct answer is 47 kg.

Additional Information

Average Formula

Average = Sum of all observations ÷ Total number of observations.

Net Deviation Method

When analyzing overlapping subgroups within a common average, the exact value of the overlapping entity is equivalent to the Overall Average + Net total deviations of the overlapping groups.

Combined Average

When two separate groups containing sizes n₁ and n₂ have respective averages A₁ and A₂, the final combined average is calculated as (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Shortcut Trick

When the sum of two successive discounts is identical (20 + 20 = 40 and 30 + 10 = 40), the difference in their effective discount percentages is the difference of their products divided by 100.

Difference in effective discount % = |(20 × 20) ÷ 100 − (30 × 10) ÷ 100|%

Difference = |4 − 3|% = 1%

Difference in Sale Price = 1% of ₹1500 = (1 ÷ 100) × 1500 = ₹15

∴ The correct answer is ₹15.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹1500

Scheme (i): Two successive discounts of 20% and 20%

Scheme (ii): Two successive discounts of 30% and 10%

Formula Used:

Effective Discount % = a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (100 − Effective Discount %) ÷ 100

MP: ₹1500

Scheme (i): -20%, -20% → 36% Disc

SP1: ₹960

Scheme (ii): -30%, -10% → 37% Disc

SP2: ₹945

Diff = ₹15

Calculations:

⇒ For Scheme (i): Effective discount = 20 + 20 − (20 × 20) ÷ 100 = 40 − 4 = 36%

⇒ Selling Price (SP₁) = 1500 × (100 − 36) ÷ 100 = 1500 × 0.64 = ₹960

⇒ For Scheme (ii): Effective discount = 30 + 10 − (30 × 10) ÷ 100 = 40 − 3 = 37%

⇒ Selling Price (SP₂) = 1500 × (100 − 37) ÷ 100 = 1500 × 0.63 = ₹945

⇒ Difference in Selling Price = SP₁ − SP₂ = 960 − 945 = ₹15

∴ The correct answer is ₹15.

Additional Information

Successive Discount Formula

When two discounts of a% and b% are applied successively, the effective single discount is given by: [a + b − (a × b) ÷ 100]%.

Best Discount Rule for Customers

If the sum of two successive discount pairs is equal, the pair with the greater difference between its percentages offers a higher effective discount and is therefore more beneficial for the customer.

Direct Selling Price Calculation

Selling price can be computed directly without finding the effective discount percentage by multiplying the Marked Price with the remaining percentage factors: SP = MP × [(100 − d₁) ÷ 100] × [(100 − d₂) ÷ 100].

Given:

Find the value of \(\left[(50 \div 5) \times\left{\frac{72}{3}+\frac{12}{1} \times(8-7)\right}\right]\)

Formula used:

Use BODMAS rule for calculation

Calculations:

[(50 ÷ 5) × {(72)/(3) + (12)/(1) × (8 - 7)}]

⇒ [(50 ÷ 5) × {24 + 12 × 1}]

⇒ [10 × {24 + 12}]

⇒ [10 × 36]

⇒ 360

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

Shortcut Trick

The product of two numbers is always equal to the product of their LCM and HCF.

Second Number = (LCM × HCF) ÷ First Number

⇒ Second Number = (168 × 14) ÷ 42

⇒ Second Number = 168 ÷ 3 = 56

∴ The correct answer is 56.

Alternate Method

Given:

LCM of the two numbers = 168

HCF of the two numbers = 14

First number = 42

Formula Used:

First Number × Second Number = LCM × HCF

Calculation:

Let the second number be x.

⇒ 42 × x = 168 × 14

⇒ x = (168 × 14) ÷ 42

⇒ x = 168 × (14 ÷ 42)

⇒ x = 168 × (1 ÷ 3)

⇒ x = 168 ÷ 3

⇒ x = 56

∴ The correct answer is 56.

Additional Information

LCM & HCF of Two Numbers

The product of any two given numbers is equal to the product of their LCM and HCF: a × b = LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b). This rule applies strictly to exactly two numbers.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are called co-prime if their HCF is 1. For any pair of co-prime numbers, their LCM is always equal to their product.

Fractions Rule

LCM of fractions = (LCM of numerators) ÷ (HCF of denominators). HCF of fractions = (HCF of numerators) ÷ (LCM of denominators).

Shortcut Trick

The required smallest number must be perfectly divisible by all given numbers, including 11.

Applying the divisibility rule of 11 (the difference between the sum of alternate digits must be 0 or a multiple of 11):

Only Option 4 (1144) satisfies this condition: (1 + 4) − (1 + 4) = 5 − 5 = 0.

Options 1, 2, and 3 give differences of 7, −2, and −4 respectively, none of which are divisible by 11.

∴ The correct answer is 1144.

Alternate Method

Given:

The set of numbers: 26, 8, 11, and 13.

Concept Used:

The smallest natural number exactly divisible by a given set of numbers is their Least Common Multiple (LCM).

Calculations:

⇒ First, find the prime factorization of each number:

⇒ 26 = 2 × 13

⇒ 8 = 2³

⇒ 11 = 11

⇒ 13 = 13

⇒ The LCM is the product of the highest power of each prime factor present.

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 11 × 13

⇒ LCM = 8 × 11 × 13

⇒ LCM = 88 × 13

⇒ LCM = 1144

∴ The correct answer is 1144.

Additional Information

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest non-zero common multiple of two or more numbers. It is obtained by multiplying the highest powers of all prime factors involved in the given numbers.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

The largest positive integer that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder. It uses the lowest powers of common prime factors.

Relation between LCM and HCF

For any two numbers 'a' and 'b', the product of the numbers is strictly equal to the product of their HCF and LCM: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

Shortcut Trick

When amounts are equal in CI, the ratio of shares is directly based on the accumulating factor raised to the difference in time.

Time difference = 13 − 12 = 1 year.

Ratio of Piyush's share to Manoj's share = (100 + 8)/100 = 108/100 = 27/25.

Total parts = 27 + 25 = 52 parts ⇒ 52 parts = ₹1612 ⇒ 1 part = ₹31.

Piyush's share = 27 parts × 31 = ₹837.

∴ The correct answer is ₹837.

Alternate Method

Total = ₹1612

Piyush's Share (P) Time = 12 yrs

Manoj's Share (M) Time = 13 yrs

Equal Amounts at 8% CI

Given:

Total Amount = ₹1612

Rate of Interest (R) = 8% compounded annually

Time for Piyush (T₁) = 12 years

Time for Manoj (T₂) = 13 years

Formula Used:

Amount in Compound Interest, A = P × (1 + R/100)^T

Calculation:

⇒ Let Piyush's share be P and Manoj's share be M.

⇒ According to the problem, Amount of Piyush after 12 years = Amount of Manoj after 13 years.

⇒ P × (1 + 8/100)¹² = M × (1 + 8/100)¹³

⇒ P / M = (1 + 8/100)¹³ ÷ (1 + 8/100)¹²

⇒ P / M = (1 + 8/100)¹

⇒ P / M = 108 / 100 = 27 / 25

⇒ Let Piyush's share be 27x and Manoj's share be 25x

⇒ Total Amount = 27x + 25x = 52x

⇒ 52x = 1612

⇒ x = 1612 ÷ 52 = 31

⇒ Piyush's share (P) = 27 × 31 = 837

∴ The correct answer is ₹837.

Additional Information

Division of Principal for Equal Amounts

If a sum is divided into two parts P₁ and P₂ such that their amounts are equal after T₁ and T₂ years respectively at the same rate of CI, then P₁/P₂ = (1 + R/100)^{T₂ − T₁}.

Effective Rate of Compound Interest

For 2 years, the effective CI rate can be directly calculated using the formula R_eff = 2R + (R²/100)%, saving time in exams compared to the traditional formula.

Rule of 72

To estimate how long an investment takes to double at a given compound interest rate, divide 72 by the annual rate of interest (Time ≈ 72 ÷ R).

Shortcut Trick

Total work = LCM of days taken by 1 man, 1 woman, and 1 boy = LCM(20, 30, 50) = 300 units.

Efficiency: 1 Man = 15, 1 Woman = 10, 1 Boy = 6.

Day 1 Work (2 Men + 6 Women) = 2 × 15 + 6 × 10 = 90 units.

Day 2 Work (5 Boys + 6 Women) = 5 × 6 + 6 × 10 = 90 units.

Since exactly 90 units of work are completed every single day, Total days = 300 ÷ 90 = 10/3 = 3 1/3 days.

∴ The correct answer is 3 1/3 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

20 men can finish in 1 day ⇒ 1 man finishes in 20 days.

30 women can finish in 1 day ⇒ 1 woman finishes in 30 days.

50 boys can finish in 1 day ⇒ 1 boy finishes in 50 days.

Formula Used:

Total Work = Efficiency × Time taken

Calculations:

⇒ Work done on Day 1 by 2 men and 6 women = 2 × 15 + 6 × 10 = 30 + 60 = 90 units.

⇒ Work done on Day 2 by 5 boys and 6 women = 5 × 6 + 6 × 10 = 30 + 60 = 90 units.

⇒ Work done in a complete 2-day cycle = 90 + 90 = 180 units.

⇒ Total work done in 3 days = 90 × 3 = 270 units.

⇒ Remaining work after 3 days = 300 − 270 = 30 units.

⇒ On Day 4, it is the turn of 5 boys and 6 women. Their combined efficiency is 90 units/day.

⇒ Time taken to complete the remaining work = 30 ÷ 90 = 1/3 day.

⇒ Total time taken to finish the work = 3 + 1/3 = 3 1/3 days.

∴ The correct answer is 3 1/3 days.

Additional Information

Total Work using LCM Method

Total work is assumed to be the LCM of the days taken by individuals to avoid fractional calculations. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken.

Alternate Day Work Concept

When individuals work on alternate days, calculate the total work done in one complete cycle (e.g., 2 days) and use it to find the number of full cycles required, then calculate the time needed for the remaining work.

Shortcut Trick

Direct formula for the difference between CI and SI for 3 years: D = P × (R/100)² × (300 + R)/100

⇒ 244 = P × (5/100)² × (305/100)

⇒ 244 = P × (1/400) × (61/20)

⇒ P = (244 × 8000) ÷ 61 = 4 × 8000 = 32000

∴ The correct answer is ₹32000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Difference between CI and SI (D) = ₹244

Rate (R) = 5% per annum

Time (T) = 3 years

Formula Used:

Effective SI for 3 years = 3R

Effective CI for 3 years = 3R + 3R²/100 + R³/10000

Simple Interest (SI) Rate = 5% × 3 yrs Total SI = 15%

Compound Interest (CI) Effective % for 3 yrs Total CI = 15.7625%

Difference = 0.7625% = ₹244

Calculations:

⇒ Effective SI % = 3 × 5% = 15%

⇒ Effective CI % = 3(5) + 3(5²)/100 + (5³)/10000 = 15 + 0.75 + 0.0125 = 15.7625%

⇒ Difference in effective % = 15.7625% − 15% = 0.7625%

⇒ This difference corresponds to ₹244.

⇒ 0.7625% of P = 244

⇒ P × (0.7625/100) = 244

⇒ P = (244 × 100) ÷ 0.7625

⇒ P = 24400 ÷ 0.7625 = 32000

∴ The correct answer is ₹32000.

Additional Information

CI vs SI Difference for 2 Years

The difference between compound interest and simple interest for exactly 2 years can be found directly using the formula: D = P × (R/100)².

Effective Compound Interest Rate

For an interest rate R%, the effective CI rate for 2 years is calculated using the successive percentage change formula: Effective Rate = R + R + (R×R)/100.

Rule of 72

A mental math shortcut used to estimate the time required to double an investment under compound interest: Approximate Time ≈ 72 ÷ Annual Interest Rate.

Given:

(-9) - (-60) ÷ (-15) + (-3) × 7

Formula used:

Order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS)

Calculation:

⇒ (-9) - (-60) ÷ (-15) + (-3) × 7

⇒ (-9) - 4 + (-3) × 7

⇒ -9 - 4 - 21

⇒ -34

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Normal Speed to New Speed = 5 : 1

Ratio of Normal Time to New Time = 1 : 5 (Since distance is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed)

Difference in time ratio = 5 − 1 = 4 parts

4 parts = 36 minutes

1 part (Normal Time) = 36 ÷ 4 = 9 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 9 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

New Speed = 1/5 of Normal Speed

Delay time = 36 minutes

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

City A City B

Normal: Speed = S, Time = T

Late: Speed = S/5, Time = T + 36

Calculations:

Let Normal Speed = S

Let Normal Time = T minutes

⇒ Normal Distance = S × T

⇒ New Speed = S / 5

⇒ New Time = (T + 36) minutes

⇒ New Distance = (S / 5) × (T + 36)

Since the distance between City A and City B is constant:

⇒ S × T = (S / 5) × (T + 36)

⇒ 5 × T = T + 36

⇒ 4 × T = 36

⇒ T = 36 ÷ 4

⇒ T = 9 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 9 minutes.

Additional Information

Distance Constant Rule

If the distance traveled is constant, Speed and Time are inversely proportional to each other. This implies S₁ × T₁ = S₂ × T₂, or S₁ / S₂ = T₂ / T₁.

Relative Speed

For two objects moving in the same direction, relative speed is S₁ − S₂. For two objects moving in opposite directions, relative speed is S₁ + S₂.

Average Speed

When a person travels equal distances at speeds x and y, the overall average speed for the entire journey is given by the harmonic mean of the speeds: (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Shortcut Trick

When the distance travelled is the same for two different speeds, the average speed is given by the direct formula: (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y)

Here, the onward speed x = 78 km/hr and return speed y = 91 km/hr.

Average speed = (2 × 78 × 91) ÷ (78 + 91)

Average speed = 14196 ÷ 169

Average speed = 84 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 84 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed from Kolkata to Ahmedabad (v₁) = 78 km/hr

Speed from Ahmedabad to Kolkata (v₂) = 91 km/hr

Let the one-way distance between Kolkata and Ahmedabad be d km.

Kolkata

Ahmedabad

Distance = d

Speed 1 = 78 km/hr

Speed 2 = 91 km/hr

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance for the round trip = d + d = 2d

⇒ Total Time taken = (Time taken for onward journey) + (Time taken for return journey)

⇒ Total Time = (d ÷ 78) + (d ÷ 91)

⇒ Taking the LCM of 78 and 91, which is 546.

⇒ Total Time = (7d + 6d) ÷ 546

⇒ Total Time = 13d ÷ 546 = d ÷ 42 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 2d ÷ (d ÷ 42)

⇒ Average Speed = 2 × 42 = 84 km/hr.

∴ The correct answer is 84 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Three Equal Distances

If a journey involves covering 3 equal distances at speeds x, y, and z respectively, the average speed is (3 × x × y × z) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Relative Speed in the Same Direction

When two objects move in the same direction at speeds v₁ and v₂ (where v₁ > v₂), their relative speed is the difference of their speeds: (v₁ − v₂).

Relative Speed in Opposite Directions

When two objects move towards each other at speeds v₁ and v₂, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds: (v₁ + v₂).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of females to males = 60% : 40% = 3 : 2

Let the assumed average be 162 cm (female average).

Deviation of male average from assumed average = 168 − 162 = +6 cm

Total positive deviation for males = 2 ratio parts × 6 = +12

Net average increase = +12 ÷ (3 + 2) total parts = +2.4 cm

Overall average = 162 + 2.4 = 164.4 cm

∴ The correct answer is 164.4 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total faculty members = 500

Percentage of females = 60%

Average height of females = 162 cm

Average height of males = 168 cm

Formula Used:

Overall Average = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Total number of observations)

Females 60% (3) 162 cm

Males 40% (2) 168 cm

Overall Avg = 164.4 cm

Dist Ratio: 2 Dist Ratio: 3

Calculations:

⇒ Number of females = 60% of 500 = (60 ÷ 100) × 500 = 300

⇒ Number of males = 500 − 300 = 200

⇒ Total height of females = 300 × 162 = 48600 cm

⇒ Total height of males = 200 × 168 = 33600 cm

⇒ Total height of all faculty members = 48600 + 33600 = 82200 cm

⇒ Overall average height = 82200 ÷ 500 = 164.4 cm

∴ The correct answer is 164.4 cm.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

It is calculated by multiplying each value by its corresponding weight (or ratio) and dividing by the sum of the weights: A_w = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Method

By assuming a base average, the overall average can be quickly found using: Overall Average = Assumed Average + (Net Deviation ÷ Total Parts).

Mixtures & Alligation

This visual cross-method can be used to quickly find the ratio in which two distinct groups are combined to achieve a final average.

Shortcut Trick

Using the unitary method to find the 100% value directly:

2% of x = 348

1% of x = 348 ÷ 2 = 174

100% of x = 174 × 100 = 17400

∴ The correct answer is x = 17400.

Alternate Method

Given:

2% of x = 348

Formula Used:

p% of a number = (p ÷ 100) × number

2% 348

100% (Total) x = ?

Calculations:

⇒ (2 ÷ 100) × x = 348

⇒ 2 × x = 348 × 100

⇒ 2x = 34800

⇒ x = 34800 ÷ 2

⇒ x = 17400

∴ The correct answer is x = 17400.

Additional Information

Percentage Basics

A percentage represents a part out of 100. To find p% of a number, use: Value = (p ÷ 100) × Base.

Percentage to Fraction

To convert a percentage to a fraction, divide the number by 100. Example: 2% = 2 ÷ 100 = 1 ÷ 50.

Finding the Base Value

If p% of an unknown number is equal to A, the total number (100%) can be found using: Total = (A × 100) ÷ p.

Shortcut Trick

If the edge of a cube is scaled by a factor of k, its volume is scaled by k³.

Here, the edge is multiplied by 3 (so k = 3).

Volume multiplier = 3³ = 27.

∴ The correct answer is 27.

Alternate Method

Given:

The edge of a cube is tripled.

Formula Used:

Volume of a cube = a³, where a is the edge of the cube.

V1 Edge = a V1 = a³

Edge × 3

V2 Edge = 3a V2 = 27a³

Calculations:

⇒ Let the original edge of the cube be a.

⇒ Original volume (V₁) = a³

⇒ New edge after tripling = 3a

⇒ New volume (V₂) = (3a)³

⇒ V₂ = 27a³

⇒ Ratio of new volume to original volume = 27a³ ÷ a³ = 27

⇒ Therefore, the volume increases to 27 times its original volume.

∴ The correct answer is 27.

Additional Information

Effect of Scaling on a Cube

If the edge of a cube is scaled by a factor k, its surface area scales by k² and its volume scales by k³.

Cube Formulas

Total Surface Area = 6a² | Lateral Surface Area = 4a² | Volume = a³.

Longest Diagonal

The length of the longest rod that can be placed inside a cube is its main diagonal, given by the formula a√3.

Shortcut Trick

The third proportional 'c' of two numbers 'a' and 'b' is given directly by the formula: c = b² ÷ a

Here, a = 3 + √2 and b = 2√7

⇒ c = (2√7)² ÷ (3 + √2) = 28 ÷ (3 + √2)

Rationalising the denominator by multiplying the numerator and denominator by its conjugate (3 − √2):

⇒ c = [28 × (3 − √2)] ÷ (3² − 2) = 28(3 − √2) ÷ 7 = 4(3 − √2)

∴ The correct answer is 4(3 − √2).

Alternate Method

Given:

First term (a) = 3 + √2

Second term (b) = 2√7

Formula Used:

If c is the third proportional to a and b, they are in continued proportion: a : b :: b : c

3 + √2

:

2√7

::

2√7

:

c

Product of Extremes = Product of Means c × (3 + √2) = (2√7) × (2√7)

Calculations:

⇒ a : b :: b : c

⇒ (3 + √2) : 2√7 :: 2√7 : c

⇒ Product of Extremes = Product of Means

⇒ c × (3 + √2) = (2√7) × (2√7)

⇒ c × (3 + √2) = 4 × 7 = 28

⇒ c = 28 ÷ (3 + √2)

To rationalise the denominator, multiply both numerator and denominator by (3 − √2):

⇒ c = [28 × (3 − √2)] ÷ [(3 + √2)(3 − √2)]

Using the algebraic identity (x + y)(x − y) = x² − y²:

⇒ c = [28 × (3 − √2)] ÷ [3² − (√2)²]

⇒ c = [28 × (3 − √2)] ÷ (9 − 2)

⇒ c = [28 × (3 − √2)] ÷ 7

⇒ c = 4(3 − √2)

∴ The correct answer is 4(3 − √2).

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional 'b' between two numbers 'a' and 'c' is the square root of their product. Formula: b = √(a × c).

Fourth Proportional

If a : b :: c : d, then 'd' is the fourth proportional to a, b, and c. It is calculated directly as d = (b × c) ÷ a.

Rationalisation of Surds

To remove a square root from a binomial denominator like (a + √b), multiply both numerator and denominator by its conjugate pair (a − √b).

Shortcut Trick

Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 chair be 1 unit.

Total SP of 152 chairs = 152 units.

Profit = SP of 52 chairs = 52 units.

Cost Price (CP) = Total SP − Profit = 152 − 52 = 100 units.

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 = (52 ÷ 100) × 100 = 52%.

∴ The correct answer is 52%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total chairs sold = 152

Gain = Selling Price (SP) of 52 chairs

Formula Used:

Gain = Total SP − Total CP

Profit Percentage = (Gain ÷ Total CP) × 100

Profit Analysis Gain = SP of 52 chairs

CP = 100 units

Gain = 52 units

Total SP = 152 units

Calculation:

⇒ Total Gain = SP of 152 chairs − CP of 152 chairs

⇒ SP of 52 chairs = SP of 152 chairs − CP of 152 chairs

⇒ CP of 152 chairs = SP of 152 chairs − SP of 52 chairs

⇒ CP of 152 chairs = SP of 100 chairs

⇒ Let the SP of 1 chair be ₹1.

⇒ Total SP of 152 chairs = ₹152

⇒ Total CP of 152 chairs = SP of 100 chairs = ₹100

⇒ Profit = Total SP − Total CP = 152 − 100 = ₹52

⇒ Profit % = (Profit ÷ Total CP) × 100

⇒ Profit % = (52 ÷ 100) × 100 = 52%

∴ The correct answer is 52%.

Additional Information

When Profit/Loss is given in terms of Selling Price

Assume the Selling Price of 1 article to be ₹1. This makes the Total SP directly equal to the number of articles, making the calculation of Cost Price straightforward.

If Loss was incurred instead

If the question stated a loss equal to the SP of 52 chairs, then Total CP = Total SP + Loss = 152 + 52 = 204 units. Loss % would be (52 ÷ 204) × 100.

Key Profit & Loss Formulas

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 | Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100 | SP = CP × [(100 + Profit %) ÷ 100]

The correct answer is: Adequate.

Key Points

• The word "Meager" means (of something provided or available) lacking in quantity or quality; lean; thin. (अल्प, बहुत कम)
• Example: The prisoners were given a meager ration of food each day.
• "Adequate" means enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose; sufficient. (पर्याप्त)
• Example: The room was small but adequate for our needs.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Meager' is 'Adequate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Adequate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Unfortunate (दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण): Having bad luck; unlucky.
• Example: It was an unfortunate accident that could have been avoided.
• Unsafe (असुरक्षित): Not protected from danger or risk; not safe.
• Example: It is unsafe to walk alone in this area at night.
• Unbiased (निष्पक्ष): Showing no prejudice for or against someone or something; impartial.
• Example: We need an unbiased opinion to make a fair decision.

The correct answer is 'how'.

 

Key Points

• The word "how" is used to ask or describe the manner or way in which something happens or works.
• In this context, the sentence is asking about the manner in which the machine operates, so "how" is the appropriate word to use.
• Options 1, 2, and 3 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 

Complete Sentence: "I would like to know how this machine works."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "whatever" is incorrect because it does not fit the context of asking about the manner of operation.
• Option 2: "that" is incorrect; it does not make sense in this context as it is not asking about the manner of operation.
• Option 3: "what" is incorrect; it asks for specific information rather than the manner of operation.

The correct answer is 'anomalies'.

 

Key Points

• The word "inconsistencies" refers to things that are not consistent or are irregular; variations or deviations from the expected pattern. In the context of data from a machine, these are often signs of a problem. (विसंगतियाँ)
• "Anomalies" are things that deviate from what is standard, normal, or expected. They are often unusual or unexpected observations that could indicate a problem or malfunction, fitting the context perfectly. (असमानताएं, विसंगतियाँ)
• Therefore, "anomalies" is the most appropriate synonym for "inconsistencies" in this sentence.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: As the engineers reviewed the data from the Mars rover, they were particularly interested in any anomalies that might indicate a malfunction on the vehicle.

Additional Information

• Transmissions (संचरण): refers to the act of transmitting something, such as data or signals. This does not fit the meaning of irregularities in data.
• Specifications (विनिर्देशों): refers to a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something. This relates to how the rover should function, not unexpected data points.
• Confirmations (पुष्टिकरण): refers to the act of confirming or verifying something. Engineers would look for anomalies, not confirmations, to indicate a malfunction.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. In the future.

Key Points

• The idiom "down the road" means at some point in the future. (भविष्य में)
• Example: We might face some challenges down the road, but we'll cross that bridge when we get there.
• "In the future" refers to a time that is yet to come. (भविष्य में)
• Example: She plans to travel around the world in the future.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. In the future.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• In the present (वर्तमान में): Refers to the current time.
• Example: We need to focus on solving the issues in the present.
• On the way (रास्ते में): Refers to something that is currently in transit or progress.
• Example: The package is on the way and should arrive tomorrow.
• In an informal way (अनौपचारिक तरीके से): Refers to doing something without formality.
• Example: They decided to discuss the matter in an informal way over lunch.

The correct answer is '(1) vibrant ; (2) skyscrapers ; (3) explore'.

 

Key Points

• Blank (1) describes the city. "Vibrant" means full of energy and enthusiasm, which fits a city with bustling markets and exciting places. (जीवंत)
• Blank (2) describes something 'towering' found in the city along with markets and streets. "Skyscrapers" are tall buildings found in cities and fit the description "towering". (गगनचुंबी इमारतें)
• Blank (3) describes an action performed daily that makes the city exciting. "Explore" means to travel in or through (a place) in order to learn about it or familiarize oneself with it, which fits the context of discovering an exciting city. (पता लगाना, घूमना)
• Combining these words forms a grammatically correct and logically coherent sentence that describes a lively city with tall buildings and opportunities for daily discovery.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: The vibrant city was filled with bustling markets, towering skyscrapers, and narrow streets, making it an exciting place to explore daily.

Additional Information

• Other options contain word placements that are grammatically incorrect or do not make sense in the context, such as "towering explore" or using "skyscrapers" to describe the city itself rather than something within it.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'referance'.

• The correct spelling would be 'reference'.
• The word 'reference' is a noun which means 'the action of mentioning or alluding to something'. (संदर्भ)
• For Example -
• The librarian helped him find the information in an obscure reference book.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'reference'.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. articulating her ideas clear .

Key Points

• The segment (B) contains the grammatical error.
• The phrase "articulating her ideas clear" should be "articulating her ideas clearly."
• "Clearly" is the correct adverb form to describe how she articulated her ideas.

Correct sentence: She confidently presented her findings to the committee, articulating her ideas clearly and impressing everyone with her extensive research and knowledge.

Additional Information

• Adverbs:
• Usage: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and often end in "-ly".
• Example: She spoke softly. ("Softly" modifies the verb "spoke".)
• Adjectives:
• Usage: Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns.
• Example: The clear sky. ("Clear" modifies the noun "sky".)

The correct answer is 'conspicuous'.

 

Key Points

• The word "conspicuous" means clearly visible or attracting notice. (स्पष्ट)
• Her behaviour was noticeable during the interview, making "conspicuous" the most appropriate choice.
• The other options: "shrouded," "subtle," and "obscure" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: Her conspicuous behaviour in the interview revealed her clear state of mind.

Additional Information

• Shrouded (आवृत): means covered or hidden from view.
• Subtle (सूक्ष्म): means delicate or not obvious.
• Obscure (अस्पष्ट): means not clearly expressed or easily understood.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Cheer.

Key Points

• The word "Dejection" means a state of sadness or low spirits; feeling downcast or disheartened. (निराशा)
• Example: After losing the match, he sank into dejection and refused to talk to anyone.
• "Cheer" refers to a state of happiness or joy; feeling uplifted and positive. (उल्लास)
• Example: The festive decorations brought cheer to everyone in the neighborhood.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Dejection' is 'Cheer'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Glamour (ग्लैमर): Attractive or exciting quality that makes certain people or things seem appealing.
• Example: The movie star's life is filled with glamour and luxury.
• Malnutrition (कुपोषण): Lack of proper nutrition caused by not having enough food or not eating enough healthy food.
• Example: Children in impoverished areas often suffer from malnutrition.
• Stagnancy (स्थिरता): Lack of activity, growth, or development.
• Example: The stagnancy in the economy has led to increased unemployment rates.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "Dismay" means a feeling of unhappiness or distress caused by something unexpected. (निराशा)
• Example: She watched in dismay as her carefully laid plans fell apart.
• "Horrifyingly wicked" refers to something extremely evil or morally wrong. (भयानक रूप से दुष्ट)
• Example: The villain in the story was horrifyingly wicked.
• "Showing admiration" means expressing a positive and respectful feeling towards someone or something. (प्रशंसा दिखाना)
• Example: He couldn't help but show admiration for her dedication.
• "Something very cumbersome" means something that is large, heavy, or difficult to manage. (बहुत बोझिल)
• Example: The cumbersome package was hard to carry.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Horrifyingly wicked (भयानक रूप से दुष्ट): Extremely evil or morally wrong.
• Example: The villain in the story was horrifyingly wicked.
• Showing admiration (प्रशंसा दिखाना): Expressing a positive and respectful feeling towards someone or something.
• Example: He couldn't help but show admiration for her dedication.
• Something very cumbersome (बहुत बोझिल): Large, heavy, or difficult to manage.
• Example: The cumbersome package was hard to carry.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Strong.

Key Points

• The word "resilient" means able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. (लचीला)
• Example: After facing numerous challenges, the community remained resilient and rebuilt their lives.
• "Strong" refers to having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks; having the ability to withstand or endure. (मजबूत)
• Example: The bridge is strong enough to support the weight of several vehicles at once.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'resilient' is 'strong'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Strong.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Content (संतुष्ट): In a state of peaceful happiness.
• Example: She felt content after completing her project successfully.
• Coarse (अशिष्ट): Rough or harsh in texture.
• Example: The coarse fabric was uncomfortable to wear.
• Antique (पुराना): A collectible object that has a high value because of its age and quality.
• Example: The antique clock in the living room has been passed down through generations.

The correct answer is 'burst'.

 

Key Points

• The phrase "burst into tears" is a common collocation in English, meaning to start crying suddenly and intensely. (अचानक रो पड़ना)
• In the context of receiving sad news, it is appropriate to use "burst into tears" to describe an immediate and strong emotional reaction.
• The other options: "shed," "bowed," and "started" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: When she received the news about the death of her uncle, she burst into tears.

Additional Information

• Shed (गिराना): means to allow tears to fall, but it is usually used in a less intense context.
• Bowed (झुकाना): means to bend the upper part of the body forward; not relevant in this context.
• Started (शुरू करना): means to begin an action; not specific to crying.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. 'through and through'.

Key Points

• The word "completely" means totally or entirely; to the fullest extent. (पूरी तरह से)
• Example: He was completely exhausted after the marathon.
• "Through and through" refers to something that is true in every aspect; thoroughly or completely. (पूरी तरह से)
• Example: She is a kind-hearted person through and through.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. 'through and through'.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• By and by (धीरे-धीरे): Gradually; after a short period.
• Example: By and by, she started to recover from her illness.
• Down and out (बिल्कुल असफल): Lacking funds, resources, or prospects; destitute.
• Example: He found himself down and out after losing his job.
• Off and on (कभी-कभी): Intermittently; occasionally.
• Example: It rained off and on throughout the day.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Vandetta'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Vendetta'.
• The word 'Vendetta' is a noun which means 'a prolonged bitter quarrel with or campaign against someone'. (प्रतिशोध)
• For Example -
• He is trying to end the vendetta between his family and their neighbors.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Vandetta'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Chronology - the arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence (कालक्रम)
• Legible - clear enough to read (पढ़ने योग्य)
• Necessity - the fact of being required or indispensable (आवश्यकता)

The correct answer is '2' i.e. The fire clumsily spread .

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the adverb "clumsily" is used incorrectly.
• The adverb "clumsily" typically describes actions done in an awkward or uncoordinated manner.
• Fires do not spread in a manner that can be described as "clumsily"; they spread uncontrollably or rapidly.
• Therefore, the correct option indicating the adverb-usage error is "The fire clumsily spread".

Correct sentence: Mr. Daniel, the police officer, commented, "The fire spread uncontrollably through the building".

Additional Information

• Adverbs:
• Usage: Adverbs typically modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and often end in "-ly".
• Example: He runs quickly. (Quickly modifies the verb "runs")
• Types of Adverbs:
• Manner: Describes how something is done (e.g., quickly, slowly).
• Place: Describes where something happens (e.g., here, there).
• Time: Describes when something happens (e.g., now, later).

The correct answer is 'acts'.

 

Key Points

• Blank (1) requires a verb that describes the function or role of DNA as the code for life.
• "Acts as" is a common and correct phrase used to describe something performing a specific function or serving a particular role. DNA serves the role of being the genetic code. (के रूप में कार्य करता है)
• Therefore, "acts" is the most appropriate word to fill blank (1).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a very special molecule. It 1. acts as the code for all life on Earth, holding the cellular instructions to 2. ___everything from a beetle to a human. Because DNA is 3. ___to each species, it's like a product barcode in a supermarket. As animals and plants live their lives, they 4. ____fragments of their DNA into their environment 5. ___dead skin, hair, saliva, scat, leaves or pollen. These traces make up environmental DNA. There's enough DNA in water and even air to tell species apart.

 

Additional Information

• Keeps (रखता है): "It keeps as the code" is grammatically incorrect. "Keeps" would need a different structure or meaning.
• Present (उपस्थित): "It present as the code" is grammatically incorrect. "Present" is used as an adjective here; a verb is needed.
• Delivers (वितरित करता है): While DNA carries instructions, "delivers as the code" is not the standard way to describe its function. "Acts as the code" is more accurate.

The correct answer is 'make'.

 

Key Points

• Blank (2) follows the phrase "holding the cellular instructions to...", indicating what the instructions are used for.
• DNA contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins and the development and functioning of living organisms. The word "make" is a general term that fits the idea of creating or constructing the components of life, from simple organisms like beetles to complex ones like humans. (बनाने के लिए)
• Therefore, "make" is the most appropriate word to fill blank (2).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a very special molecule. It 1. acts as the code for all life on Earth, holding the cellular instructions to 2. make everything from a beetle to a human. Because DNA is 3. ___to each species, it's like a product barcode in a supermarket. As animals and plants live their lives, they 4. ___fragments of their DNA into their environment 5. ____dead skin, hair, saliva, scat, leaves or pollen. These traces make up environmental DNA. There's enough DNA in water and even air to tell species apart.

 

Additional Information

• Finish (समाप्त करना): DNA instructions are for building, not finishing, organisms.
• Stop (रोकना): DNA instructions do not serve to stop the process of creating life in this context.
• Clarify (स्पष्ट करना): While DNA provides information, the instructions are used to build/make, not just clarify something.

The correct answer is 'unique'.

 

Key Points

• Blank (3) describes a characteristic of DNA in relation to each species, followed by a comparison to a product barcode.
• A product barcode is used to identify a specific product uniquely. The analogy suggests that DNA has a property that allows it to distinguish each species.
• "Unique" means being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else. DNA sequences are distinct for each species (and even individuals), serving as a biological identifier, much like a barcode. (अद्वितीय)
• Therefore, "unique" is the most appropriate word to fill blank (3).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a very special molecule. It 1. acts as the code for all life on Earth, holding the cellular instructions to 2. make everything from a beetle to a human. Because DNA is 3. unique to each species, it's like a product barcode in a supermarket. As animals and plants live their lives, they 4. ___fragments of their DNA into their environment 5. ____dead skin, hair, saliva, scat, leaves or pollen. These traces make up environmental DNA. There's enough DNA in water and even air to tell species apart.

 

Additional Information

• Usual (सामान्य): While DNA is usual in living organisms, this doesn't explain the barcode analogy which relates to distinctiveness.
• Slight (मामूली): "Slight" refers to degree or amount and does not describe the identifying characteristic of DNA.
• Common (आम): While DNA is common across life, saying it is "common to each species" doesn't fit the barcode analogy, which highlights the difference between species' DNA, not its commonality. "Unique" captures this difference.

The correct answer is 'shed'.

 

Key Points

• Blank (4) requires a verb that describes how animals and plants release fragments of their DNA into the environment, with examples like dead skin, hair, saliva, leaves, or pollen.
• "Shed" means to let fall, lose, or cast off (skin, hair, leaves, etc.) as part of a natural process. This accurately describes how organisms release the materials that contain environmental DNA fragments. (छोड़ना, गिराना)
• Therefore, "shed" is the most appropriate word to fill blank (4).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a very special molecule. It 1. acts as the code for all life on Earth, holding the cellular instructions to 2. make everything from a beetle to a human. Because DNA is 3. unique to each species, it's like a product barcode in a supermarket. As animals and plants live their lives, they 4. shed fragments of their DNA into their environment 5. ____dead skin, hair, saliva, scat, leaves or pollen. These traces make up environmental DNA. There's enough DNA in water and even air to tell species apart.

 

Additional Information

• Treat (उपचार करना): Does not fit the context of releasing biological material.
• Melt (पिघलना): Refers to changing from solid to liquid, which is not relevant to how organisms release DNA fragments like skin or hair.
• Strike (मारना): Means to hit or attack, which does not describe the process of releasing biological material.

The correct answer is 'through'.

 

Key Points

• Blank (5) introduces a list of biological materials (dead skin, hair, saliva, etc.) through which DNA fragments are released into the environment.
• The word "through" indicates the means, medium, or cause by which something happens or is achieved. In this context, the DNA fragments enter the environment by means of or via the listed materials. (के माध्यम से)
• Therefore, "through" is the most appropriate word to fill blank (5).

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a very special molecule. It 1. acts as the code for all life on Earth, holding the cellular instructions to 2. make everything from a beetle to a human. Because DNA is 3. unique to each species, it's like a product barcode in a supermarket. As animals and plants live their lives, they 4. shed fragments of their DNA into their environment 5. through dead skin, hair, saliva, scat, leaves or pollen. These traces make up environmental DNA. There's enough DNA in water and even air to tell species apart.

 

Additional Information

• Farther (और आगे): Refers to distance and is not grammatically correct in this context.
• Above (ऊपर): Refers to position and does not describe the means of release.
• For (के लिए): Indicates purpose or duration and does not fit the context of how the DNA fragments are released via these materials.

'अनेक लोग उस विनाशकारी प्रलय का शिकार हुए|' इस वाक्य में प्रयुक्त ‘प्रलय' शब्द का विलोम शब्द है- सृष्टि

Key Points

• ‘प्रलय' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'सृष्टि' होगा।
• ‘प्रलय' शब्द का अर्थ - नाश, विलीनता लय।
• 'सृष्टि' शब्द का अर्थ - उत्पत्ति, निर्माण, रचना।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information 

  कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

आवश्यकता से अधिक वर्षा होने के कारण किसान की फसल खराब हो गई। 'आवश्यकता से अधिक वर्षा' वाक्यांश के लिए उचित शब्द होगा - अतिवृष्टि

Key Points

• 'आवश्यकता से अधिक वर्षा' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा - अतिवृष्टि
• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

'जिसकी नाक कट गयी हो' उपरोक्त वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा- नकटा 

Key Points

• 'जिसकी नाक कट गयी हो' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द होगा - नकटा
• वाक्यांश के लिए उपयुक्त शब्द - अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द को प्रयुक्त करना ही वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information 

 कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

‘अकेला’ का तत्सम शब्द है- एकल

Key Points

• 'एकल' एक तत्सम शब्द है, जबकि इसका तद्भव शब्द 'अकेला’' होगा।
• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- अस्थि, धैर्य, पक्ष आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- हड्डी, धीरज, पंख आदि।​

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण ​तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

सही उत्तर है - सम्मत

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - श्री कृष्ण ने युधिष्ठिर से कहा कि तुम धर्म सममत कार्य कर रहे हो।
• दिए गये वाक्य में 'वर्तनी प्रयोग' की त्रुटि है।
• यहाँ 'सममत' सार्थक शब्द नहीं है और इससे सही अर्थ प्रकट नहीं हो रहा।
• अत: सार्थक शब्द 'सम्मत' होना चाहिए।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - श्री कृष्ण ने युधिष्ठिर से कहा कि तुम धर्म सम्मत कार्य कर रह��� हो।
• वर्तनी - भाषा के किसी शब्द को को लिखने में प्रयुक्त वर्णों के सही क्रम को वर्तनी कहते हैं।

Additional Information