English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is: 3) Peaceful.

Key Points

• The word "Belligerent" refers to someone or something that is hostile, aggressive, or eager to fight. (युद्धप्रिय, आक्रामक)
• Example: The belligerent tone of his speech only escalated the conflict.
• "Peaceful", on the other hand, means free from disturbance; calm or tranquil. It is the opposite of belligerent. (शांत)
• Example: After a long day, she enjoyed a peaceful evening at the park.
• Thus, the correct antonym of 'Belligerent' is 'Peaceful'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 3) Peaceful.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Aggressive (आक्रामक): Ready or likely to attack or confront; characterized by bold, forceful action.
• Example: His aggressive behavior during the meeting was uncalled for.
• Hostile (शत्रुतापूर्ण): Unfriendly and antagonistic; showing opposition or dislike.
• Example: The hostile reception they received made them leave the venue immediately.
• Combative (लड़ाकू): Eager to fight or argue; ready to engage in conflict.
• Example: Her combative stance on every issue makes it difficult to work with her.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word in the sentence is 'neccessary'.

• The correct spelling is 'necessary'.
• The word 'necessary' is an adjective, which means 'required to be done, achieved, or present; needed; essential'.
• For Example -
• It is necessary to drink water to stay hydrated.
• She completed all the necessary paperwork before leaving.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'neccessary'.

Additional Information

Let's understand how to identify misspelled words effectively:

• Double-check words with double letters, such as 'necessary'.
• Pay attention to commonly confused spellings, for example, 'definitely' vs. 'definately'.
• Use a dictionary or spell checker to verify words if unsure.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'perssonnel'.

• The correct spelling would be 'personnel'.
• The word 'personnel' is a noun that refers to the people who work for an organization or are engaged in a specific activity. (कर्मचारी)
• For Example -
• All personnel are expected to attend the team meeting at 10 AM.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'perssonnel'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other sentences - 

• Option 1: The sentence is correct, and the spelling of "personnel" is accurate.
• Option 3: The sentence is correct, and the spelling of "personnel" is accurate.
• Option 4: The sentence is correct, and the spelling of "personnel" is accurate.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Tense Identification: The original sentence "will have been announced" is in the Future Perfect Passive voice.
• Active Voice Rule: To convert Future Perfect Passive to Active, the structure changes from "will have been + V3" to "will have + V3".
• Subject Placement: Since the passive sentence does not specify who is announcing the decision, a generic subject like "They" or "Someone" is used in the active voice.
• Object Placement: The subject of the passive sentence ("The decision") becomes the object of the active sentence.
• Conjunctions: The phrase "before the meeting concludes" remains unchanged as it provides the time context for the action.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: "They will have announced the decision before the meeting concludes."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Someone will announce..." changes the tense to Future Simple, which alters the original meaning of a completed action in the future.
• Option 3: "The decision will be announced..." is still in the passive voice and changes the tense to Future Simple Passive.
• Option 4: "The meeting will have announced..." is logically incorrect as it implies the meeting itself is performing the action of announcing.

Key Points

• Direct Speech: He said, "The train will leave in ten minutes."
• Key Conversions:
• Reporting Verb:
• The reporting verb "said" remains "said" in indirect speech because it is not followed by an object (e.g., "said to me").
• Conjunction:
• The comma and quotation marks are removed and replaced by the conjunction "that" to connect the reporting clause with the reported speech.
• Tense Change (Will to Would):
• Since the reporting verb is in the past tense ("said"), the future tense modal "will" must be changed to its past equivalent, "would".
• Structure: The sentence follows the standard rule for assertive sentences where the tense shifts backward when the reporting verb is in the past.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "He said that the train would leave in ten minutes."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "He said that the train will leave in ten minutes."
• Incorrect because it fails to change the modal "will" to "would," which is necessary when the reporting verb is in the past.
• Option 3: "He said that the train left in ten minutes."
• Incorrect because "will leave" (future) is incorrectly changed to "left" (simple past), which alters the original meaning.
• Option 4: "He said that the train was leaving in ten minutes."
• Incorrect because it changes the tense to past continuous, which does not accurately reflect the simple future "will leave."

The correct answer is 'affected by'.

 

Key Points

• The word "affected" is the correct past tense of the verb "affect," which means to influence or impact.
• The word "effected" is incorrect here as it means "to bring about" or "to cause," which does not fit the context of the sentence.
• The preposition "by" is used to indicate the agent or cause of an action, making "affected by" the correct choice.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "The man was affected by the remarks made by his peers."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "affected with" is incorrect because "with" does not fit the context of the sentence.
• Option 2: "effected with" is incorrect because "effected" is not the correct verb to indicate being influenced by something.
• Option 4: "effected to" is incorrect as "effected" is used in the sense of causing something to happen, not being influenced.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• Tense Identification: The original sentence "The cat drank all the milk" is in the Simple Past tense.
• Passive Voice Rule: To convert Simple Past to Passive, the structure used is "was/were + past participle (V3)".
• Subject-Object Swap: The object of the active sentence ("all the milk") becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• Verb Conversion: The past tense "drank" changes to "was drunk" because "milk" is an uncountable (singular) noun.
• Agent: The original subject "the cat" is added at the end, preceded by the preposition "by."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "All the milk was drunk by the cat."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "is drunk" is in the Simple Present Passive, which changes the timing of the action.
• Option 3: "has been drunk" is in the Present Perfect Passive, which implies a connection to the present.
• Option 4: "had been drunk" is in the Past Perfect Passive, used for actions completed before another past action.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• Tense Identification: The original sentence "has promised" is in the Present Perfect tense.
• Passive Voice Rule: To convert Present Perfect to Passive, the structure is "has/have + been + past participle (V3)".
• Indirect Object as Subject: This sentence has two objects: "all employees" (indirect) and "a substantial bonus" (direct). In Option 1, the indirect object "All employees" is correctly used as the new subject.
• Subject-Verb Agreement: Because "All employees" is plural, the auxiliary verb must be "have" (not "has").
• Maintaining Meaning: Option 1 preserves the exact tense and meaning of the original active sentence while shifting the focus to the employees.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "All employees have been promised a substantial bonus at the end of the year by the new CEO."

 

Additional Information

• Option 2: "A substantial bonus have been promised..." is grammatically incorrect because "a substantial bonus" is singular and requires "has," not "have."
• Option 3: "will be given" changes the tense from Present Perfect to Future Simple, altering the original meaning.
• Option 4: "will be promised" also incorrectly changes the tense to Future Simple.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: The politician declared that he would not be swayed by the opposition's baseless accusations which were aimed at destabilizing the government that had been working for the welfare of the country for years.
• Key Conversions from Indirect to Direct:
• Pronoun change:
• The third-person "he" in indirect speech refers to the politician, so it must change to the first-person "I" in direct speech.
• Tense Change (Back-shifting Reversed):
• "would" changes back to "will" (future).
• "were aimed" (simple past) changes back to "are aimed" (simple present).
• "had been working" (past perfect continuous) changes back to "has been working" (present perfect continuous).
• Conjunction Removal:
• The conjunction "that" is removed and replaced by a comma and quotation marks to introduce the direct words of the speaker.
• Structure: When converting back to direct speech, the tenses must move forward (e.g., past to present) to reflect the original moment the politician spoke.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "“I will not be swayed by the opposition's baseless accusations which are aimed at destabilizing the government that has been working for the welfare of the country for years,” the politician declared."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because it fails to change "were aimed" and "had been working" back to their present forms, creating a tense mismatch within the direct quote.
• Option 2: Incorrect because it retains "would" instead of "will" and uses the past continuous "was working" incorrectly.
• Option 4: Incorrect because it keeps the pronoun in the third-person ("He") and maintains past tenses ("would," "were," "had been"), which is not the standard format for direct speech.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Sentence: "Many healthcare institutions follow strict guidelines to ensure that hazardous waste is not mixed with general waste."
• Voice Identification:
• The subject "Many healthcare institutions" performs the action "follow".
• Since the subject is doing the action, the sentence is in the Active Voice.
• Tense Identification:
• The verb "follow" is in its base form used with a plural subject.
• This indicates the Simple Present Tense, which describes general truths or habitual actions.
• Additional Clause Explanation:
• The clause "hazardous waste is not mixed with general waste" is in the passive voice, but it is only a subordinate clause.
• The question focuses on the main verb of the sentence, which is "follow" (active voice, simple present).

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Identification: Active voice, simple present.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Passive voice, simple past
• Incorrect because the verb "follow" is not in passive voice and not in past tense.
• Option 2: Active voice, present perfect
• Incorrect because present perfect would require "have followed", which is not used in the sentence.
• Option 4: Passive voice, present continuous
• Incorrect because present continuous passive would be "are being followed", which is not present in the sentence.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e 'Adverb'.

Key Points

• The word "properly" modifies the verbs "handled" and "disposed" by explaining how the actions were performed, which is a characteristic of an adverb.
• Adverbs often answer the questions how, when, where, and to what extent. In this case, "properly" is answering "how" the waste should be handled and disposed of.
• The word "properly" ends in -ly, which is a common suffix for adverbs, although not all words ending in -ly are adverbs.
• Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, further specifying or qualifying the action or characteristic they are describing.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

Additional Information

• Adjective: An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. In the given sentence, "properly" does not describe a noun, so it is not an adjective.
• Preposition: A preposition shows the relationship between words (e.g., in, on, at). "Properly" does not function as a preposition here.
• Pronoun: A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, it). "Properly" is not replacing a noun, so it is not a pronoun.

The correct answer is: Option (3) i.e. Made impure or infected.

Key Points

• The word "contaminated" means something that has been made impure or infected by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance. (प्रदूषित किया हुआ)
• Example: The water in the river was contaminated by industrial waste.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Made impure or infected.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained:

• Clean and pure (साफ और शुद्ध):
• Example: We need to drink clean and pure water to stay healthy.
• Burned completely (पूरी तरह से जलाया हुआ):
• Example: The old documents were burned completely to prevent misuse.
• Recycled safely (सुरक्षित रूप से पुन:प्रयुक्त):
• Example: The plastic bottles were recycled safely into new products.

The correct answer is: Option (2) i.e. Harmful and dangerous.

Key Points

• The word "hazardous" means something that is harmful or dangerous and poses a risk to health or safety. (हानिकारक और खतरनाक)
• Example: Handling hazardous chemicals without proper protection can be very risky.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Harmful and dangerous.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained:

• Safe and secure (सुरक्षित और संरक्षित):
• Example: The facility is designed to be safe and secure against external threats.
• Easily manageable (आसानी से प्रबंधनीय):
• Example: With the right tools, the project became easily manageable.
• Reusable (पुनःप्रयोज्य):
• Example: Reusable bags help reduce plastic waste.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Key Points

• Option 1) Medical waste is not harmful
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage clearly states that medical waste can pose serious risks to human health and the environment if not managed properly.
• Option 2) Medical waste management is essential to protect health and environment
• This is the main idea of the passage. It emphasizes the importance of proper medical waste management to safeguard both human health and the environment.
• Option 3) Hospitals can mix all waste together
• This cannot be inferred. The passage highlights that healthcare institutions follow strict guidelines to ensure hazardous waste is not mixed with general waste.
• Option 4) Incineration is the only method of disposal
• This cannot be inferred. The passage mentions multiple methods such as incineration, chemical treatment, and secure landfills.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because the passage states medical waste is harmful if not managed properly.
• Option 3: Incorrect because hospitals must separate hazardous waste from general waste.
• Option 4: Incorrect because incineration is not the only method; chemical treatment and secure landfills are also mentioned.

The correct answer is: 3) Presumption.

Key Points

• The word "Presumption" means the act of assuming something to be true without proof or evidence. (अनुमान)
• Example: His presumption that everyone would agree with his plan turned out to be wrong.
• "Presumption" often implies a belief or acceptance of something as likely or true, even though it hasn't been confirmed. (अधिकार मान लेना)
• Example: The court operates on the presumption of innocence until proven guilty.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 3) Presumption.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Hypothesis (परिकल्पना): A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
• Example: The scientist proposed a hypothesis to explain the unusual weather patterns.
• Inference (निष्कर्ष): A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
• Example: Based on the evidence, the detective made an inference about the suspect's whereabouts.
• Conclusion (निष्कर्ष): The end or finish of an event or process; a judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
• Example: After hours of debate, the committee reached a conclusion on the matter.

The correct answer is: Truant.

Key Points

• The word "Absentee" refers to someone who is not present at a place where they are expected to be. (अनुपस्थित व्यक्ति)
• Example: The absentee landlord neglected the property for years.
• "Truant" refers to someone, especially a student, who stays away from school or work without permission or a valid reason. (अनुपस्थित रहने वाला)
• Example: Sneha was labeled a truant after missing school for weeks without an excuse.
• Sneha's actions, as described in the question, align with the definition of "Truant," which specifically refers to habitual absenteeism without valid justification.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Truant.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Absentee (अनुपस्थित व्यक्ति): Refers to someone who is not present.
• Example: The absentee manager was criticized for not addressing employee concerns.
• Vagabond (घुमक्कड़): Refers to someone who wanders from place to place without a permanent home.
• Example: The vagabond spent years traveling across different countries.
• Nomad (यायावर): Refers to a member of a community that moves from place to place, typically following seasonal patterns.
• Example: The nomads traveled across the desert in search of water and grazing land.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The error in Part A lies in the verb tense/voice: "who are given." The context describes people who are actively donating or offering their time. Therefore, the active voice "have given" should be used to match the parallel active verb "continue to give."
• The error in Part D lies in the preposition: "in the fight for injustice." One does not fight for injustice; one fights against injustice or for justice. In the context of sacrifice (giving lives/livelihood), "against" is the intended meaning.
• Parts B and C are grammatically correct within the structure of the list.
• Since both A and D contain errors, Option 4 is the correct choice.

Therefore, the correct answer is AD.

 

Correct Sentence: "It is impossible to count the number of people who have given, and continue to give, their time, efforts, livelihood, and lives in the fight against injustice."

 

Additional Information

• Parallelism: When listing actions (give... and continue to give), the verbs should logically connect to the subject ("people") as the doers of the action. "Are given" makes the people the recipients, which contradicts the rest of the sentence.
• Contextual Prepositions: Prepositions like for and against completely change the meaning of the word "fight." Always check the noun following the preposition (injustice) to ensure the sentiment is logical.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's break down each option to identify the grammatically and contextually correct one:

• Option 1. He did nothing but complain.
• In this structure, the word "but" acts as a preposition meaning "except." When preceded by a form of the verb "do" (do, does, did), it is followed by a bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without "to").
• This sentence is grammatically and contextually correct.
• Option 2. He did nothing but to complain.
• The use of the full infinitive "to complain" is incorrect in this specific idiom. After "do nothing but," the "to" must be omitted.
• The sentence is erroneous.
• The correct sentence would be: "He did nothing but complain."
• Option 3. He did nothing but complained.
• "Complained" is the past tense form. However, the rule for this construction requires the base form of the verb, regardless of the tense of the helping verb "did."
• The sentence is erroneous.
• The correct sentence would be: "He did nothing but complain."
• Option 4. He does nothing than complain.
• The word "than" is used for comparisons. To express the idea of "except for," the word "but" is the standard choice in this idiomatic phrase.
• The sentence is erroneous.
• The correct sentence would be: "He does nothing but complain."
• So, out of the given sentences, only Option 1 is grammatically and contextually correct, while the others contain errors in verb form or preposition usage.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "He did nothing but complain."

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. see eye to eye.

Key Points

• The phrase "see eye to eye" means to agree with someone or share the same perspective or opinion. (सहमत होना)
• Example: Despite their differences, they finally saw eye to eye on the project proposal.
• In the given sentence, the deal did not succeed because the parties could not come to an agreement, which aligns with the meaning of "see eye to eye." (सहमति पर नहीं पहुंचे)
• Example: The manager and the team need to see eye to eye before making a decision.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. see eye to eye.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Take over (संभालना या अधिग्रहण करना): To assume control or responsibility for something.
• Example: After the merger, the larger company took over the smaller one.
• Put across (व्यक्त करना): To communicate or express an idea effectively.
• Example: He struggled to put across his point during the meeting.
• Carry on (जारी रखना): To continue doing something.
• Example: She decided to carry on with her studies despite the challenges.

The correct answer is 'fallible'.

 

Key Points

• The word "fallible" means capable of making mistakes or being wrong, which fits the description of a flawed hero striving for redemption.
• The sentence describes the protagonist as imperfect yet attempting to redeem themselves, which aligns with the meaning of "fallible."
• Options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect because they do not align with the sentence's context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "The novel's protagonist is portrayed as a fallible hero, flawed yet striving for redemption."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "vindictive" refers to showing a strong desire for revenge, which does not fit the description of a flawed hero seeking redemption.
• Option 2: "quixotic" refers to being idealistic or unrealistic, which does not align with the sentence's context.
• Option 4: "truculent" means eager to argue or fight, which does not fit the description of the protagonist.