English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is: Fear.

Key Points

• The word "Dread" refers to a strong feeling of fear or apprehension about something that is expected to happen. (डर)
• Example: She felt a sense of dread before going on stage to deliver her speech.
• "Fear" represents the emotion experienced when one is afraid or apprehensive about something unpleasant or dangerous. (भय)
• Example: He overcame his fear of heights by walking across the suspension bridge.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of "Dread" is "Fear."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Fear.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Relief (राहत): A feeling of relaxation and reassurance after a stressful or difficult situation ends.
• Example: She felt a sense of relief when she found her lost wallet.
• Excitement (उत्साह): A feeling of enthusiasm and eagerness.
• Example: The children were filled with excitement before their school field trip.
• Triumph (विजय): A great victory or achievement.
• Example: Winning the championship was a moment of triumph for the team.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• The word 'Obstinate' is correctly spelt.
• 'Obstinate' is an adjective that means stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so. (हठी)
• Examples:
• She can be very obstinate when it comes to admitting she is wrong.
• His obstinate refusal to compromise caused the negotiations to collapse.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Obstinate', i.e., option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Obstinant - This is an incorrect spelling.
• Option 3: Obstinnate - This is an incorrect spelling.
• Option 4: Obstinette - This is an incorrect spelling.

The correct solution is 4

The correct answer is: 3 i.e. Orthodoxy.

Key Points

• The word "Heresy" refers to beliefs or opinions that go against established religious or societal norms. (विधर्म)
• Example: In medieval times, individuals who expressed heretical views were often punished severely.
• "Orthodoxy" refers to adherence to accepted or traditional beliefs, particularly in religion. It is the opposite of heresy. (रूढ़िवादिता)
• Example: The church emphasized the importance of maintaining orthodoxy in its teachings.
• Hence, the antonym of 'heresy' is 'orthodoxy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Orthodoxy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Unorthodoxy (अपरंपरागत): Refers to beliefs or practices that deviate from what is considered standard or traditional.
• Example: Her unorthodoxy in interpreting religious texts sparked debates among scholars.
• Dogma (सिद्धांत): Refers to a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
• Example: The scientist challenged the dogma that had been accepted for centuries.
• Dissent (असहमति): Refers to disagreement or refusal to accept commonly held beliefs or practices.
• Example: His dissent from the group's decision led to intense discussions.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Barracks.

Key Points

• The word "Barracks" refers to buildings or a group of buildings where soldiers live and are stationed. (सैनिकों के रहने का स्थान)
• Example: The soldiers returned to their barracks after the training exercise.
• Explanation: Barracks are specifically designed to provide accommodation for military personnel. (सैनिकों के रहने के लिए विशेष रूप से बनाए गए भवन)
• Example: The barracks were equipped with modern facilities to ensure the comfort of the troops.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Barracks.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Fortification (दुर्ग): A defensive structure built to protect against attacks.
• Example: The fortification around the castle was designed to withstand enemy invasions.
• Bastion (गढ़): A stronghold or fortification that serves as a defense mechanism.
• Example: The ancient city served as a bastion of culture and heritage.
• Fortress (किला): A large, fortified building or complex used for protection against military attacks.
• Example: The fortress was surrounded by high walls and a deep moat.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Reporting Verb: The presence of the word "please" in the direct speech indicates a request. Therefore, the reporting verb "said" is changed to "requested".
• Conjunction: For "Yes/No" questions (questions starting with auxiliary verbs like 'Will'), we use "if" or "whether" as the conjunction.
• Sentence Structure: In indirect speech, the interrogative form (verb + subject) changes to the assertive form (subject + verb). Thus, "Will you" becomes "they would" (assuming "you" refers to a group).
• Tense Change: The future modal "will" changes to its past form "would" because the reporting verb is in the past tense.
• Pronoun Change: The first-person possessive "my" (referring to the manager) changes to the third-person "his".
• Omission: The word "please" is removed because the verb "requested" already conveys the polite tone.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "The manager requested whether they would attend the birthday party of his daughter."

Additional Information

• Option 2: Incorrect because it uses "shall," which is the wrong tense for indirect speech when the reporting verb is past.
• Option 3: Incorrect because "would" must be followed by the base form of the verb ("attend"), not the past form ("attended").
• Option 4: Incorrect because it uses "would have attended," which changes the tense to the conditional perfect, altering the original meaning.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The original sentence is an Impersonal Passive construction: [Subject] + is said + [to + infinitive].
• To convert this to Active Voice, we typically introduce an indeterminate subject like "People" or "They."
• Match the Tense: The reporting verb "is said" is in the Simple Present tense. Therefore, the active reporting verb must be "say."
• Handle the Infinitive: The phrase "to have been" is a perfect infinitive, which indicates a state that occurred in the past or has continued up to the present. In a "that" clause, this translates to "has been" or "was."
• The structure becomes: People + say + that + [original subject] + [verb phrase].

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "People say that his success has been a result of his relentless determination."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "People said..." – Incorrect because it changes the reporting verb to the Past Tense, whereas the original "is said" is present.
• Option 3: "They are saying..." – Incorrect because it uses the Present Continuous tense, changing the aspect of the original sentence.
• Option 4: "His relentless determination caused..." – This is a paraphrase that changes the focus of the sentence and retains a passive-style tag ("it is said") at the end.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Disconsolat'.

• The correct spelling would be 'Disconsolate'.
• The word 'Disconsolate' is an adjective which means 'extremely sad or unhappy'. (अत्यंत दुखी)
• For Example -
• She was disconsolate after hearing the bad news.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Disconsolat'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• **Belligerent -**hostile and aggressive (लड़ाकू)
• Ineffable - too great or extreme to be expressed in words (अवर्णनीय)
• Pulchritude - physical beauty (सौंदर्य)

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: The foreman stated that the team had completed the construction project the previous day.
• Tense Change (Indirect to Direct): In indirect speech, the Past Perfect tense ("had completed") usually represents the Simple Past tense ("completed") from the original direct speech. When converting back, we shift the tense forward.
• Time Expression Change: The phrase "the previous day" in indirect speech is the converted form of "yesterday" in direct speech.
• Reporting Verb: "Stated" can be converted to "said" or kept as "stated" in direct speech; however, in standard multiple-choice questions, "said" is the most common equivalent.
• Punctuation: The conjunction "that" is removed, a comma is placed after the reporting verb, and the actual words spoken are enclosed in quotation marks.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "The foreman said, 'The team completed the construction project yesterday.'"

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because it uses "has completed" (Present Perfect). If the direct speech were Present Perfect, the indirect speech would still be Past Perfect, but "yesterday" is grammatically incompatible with "has completed" in direct speech (Simple Past is required for specific past time markers).
• Option 2: Incorrect because it retains "had completed" (Past Perfect) in direct speech. If the direct speech were already Past Perfect, the indirect speech would remain Past Perfect, but it's a less common conversion for "the previous day."
• Option 4: Incorrect because it retains the indirect time expression "the previous day" within the quotation marks. Direct speech must use the original time marker ("yesterday").

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The active sentence follows the structure: Subject + Modal (cannot) + Verb (allow) + Object + Infinitive phrase.
• To convert a sentence with a modal verb into the Passive Voice, the structure is: Object + Modal + be + Past Participle (V3) + [rest of the sentence] + by + Subject.
• Identify the Object: The complete object is "Such an egregious error in the official report."
• Transform the Verb: "cannot allow" becomes "cannot be allowed."
• The infinitive phrase "to go unnoticed" remains unchanged as it describes the state of the error.
• Adding the agent "by you" completes the passive transformation.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "Such an egregious error in the official report cannot be allowed to go unnoticed by you."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "...cannot be allowed to be unnoticed..." – Incorrect because it unnecessarily changes the standard phrase "to go unnoticed" into a passive form that sounds unnatural.
• Option 3: "It cannot be allowed by you that..." – This is an overly complex and wordy construction that deviates from the direct passive transformation.
• Option 4: "...must not be allowed..." – Incorrect because it changes the modal verb from "cannot" (lack of ability/permission) to "must not" (prohibition), which alters the original meaning.

The correct answer is 'have'.

Key Points

• The sentence uses the plural subject "Special children," which requires the plural form of the verb "to have" in the present tense.
• The word "who" is a relative pronoun referring to "Special children," so the following verb must agree with that plural antecedent.
• The passage is written in the Simple Present Tense to describe general facts and definitions.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Complete Sentence: "Special children are those who have physical, emotional, or learning differences that make their development unique."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "has" is the singular form of the verb and would be used if the subject were "A special child."
• Option 3: "had" is the past tense form and does not match the present tense context of the passage ("are," "make").
• Option 4: "having" is a present participle and cannot function as the main verb of the relative clause without an auxiliary verb.

The correct answer is 'With'.

Key Points

• The preposition "With" is used here to indicate the means or the accompaniment of certain conditions (care, support, and education) that lead to a result.
• In the context of the sentence, it expresses that the presence of these factors allows the children to "thrive."
• Options 1, 3, and 4 do not fit the idiomatic or logical structure of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "However, with proper care, support, and inclusive education, they can thrive and lead fulfilling lives."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "At" is typically used for specific points in time or location (e.g., "at noon," "at the school").
• Option 3: "By" usually indicates the agent of an action or a method (e.g., "by working hard"), but "with" is the standard choice for describing provided resources or accompaniment.
• Option 4: "On" is used for surfaces, days, or specific states (e.g., "on the table," "on Monday").

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Allowing everyone to participate.

Key Points

• The word "inclusive" means:
• Allowing everyone to participate without any restrictions or limitations. (सबको शामिल करने वाला)
• Example: The company aims to build an inclusive culture that values and respects diverse backgrounds.
• "Correct answer" means:
• Referring to the specific answer that properly defines or fits the context of the question. (सही उत्तर)
• Example: The correct answer to the quiz question assured him a perfect score.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Allowing everyone to participate.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Strict and limited (सख्त और सीमित): Imposing rigorous restrictions; not allowing flexibility or variation.
• Example: The rules of the competition were strict and limited, allowing no exceptions.
• Only for selected people (केवल चयनित लोगों के लिए): Accessible or available only to a specific group.
• Example: The event was exclusive, intended only for selected people within the organization.
• Unrelated or irrelevant (असंबंधित या अप्रासंगिक): Not connected with or related to the matter at hand.
• Example: His comments were unrelated or irrelevant, adding no value to the discussion.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Grow successfully.

Key Points

• The word "thrive" means:
• To grow vigorously and healthily; to be successful and prosper. (फलना-फूलना)
• Example: The small business managed to thrive despite the economic downturn.
• "Correct answer" means:
• Referring to the specific answer that properly defines or fits the context of the question. (सही उत्तर)
• Example: The correct answer to the quiz question assured him a perfect score.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Grow successfully.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Stay quiet (शांत रहना): To remain silent and not make any noise.
• Example: During the meeting, he decided to stay quiet and not share his opinion.
• Fail to improve (सुधार करने में असफल होना): To not make any progress or advancement.
• Example: Despite efforts, the project continued to fail to improve.
• Remain stuck (फंसे रहना): To be unable to move forward or make progress.
• Example: Without new strategies, the team will remain stuck in the same old problems.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• A) Inclusion and support systems are essential for the growth of special children.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The text explicitly states that with proper care, support, and inclusive education, special children can "thrive and lead fulfilling lives." It also mentions the importance of tools and teacher training.
• B) Special children should be kept separate from mainstream society for their own safety.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage argues against isolation, stating that society is shifting "instead of isolating or ignoring them" toward "working towards inclusion."
• C) Parents and the community play a vital role in building the confidence of special children.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The text highlights that encouragement, patience, and emotional support from parents are vital for building confidence and creating a respectful environment.

Therefore, the correct answer is Society should support and include special children.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect because the passage advocates for inclusion and learning "alongside other children" rather than separate teaching.
• Option 3: Incorrect because the passage states that with support, these children can "thrive" and "understand academic concepts" using proper tools.
• Option 4: Incorrect because the passage emphasizes the importance of schools and communities providing opportunities rather than staying at home.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The given sentences describe the process of extracting honey, starting with the search for the queen bee and ending with the reward of fresh honey.
• Sentence P is the first sentence as it introduces the action of opening the beehive and examining the frames:
• "In search of the queen bee, he cautiously opened the beehive and examined the frames."
• Sentence Q follows as it describes the next logical step in the process, which is extracting the honey from the frames:
• "He took out a honey frame and scraped off the wax covers with a knife."
• Sentence R is the third sentence because it details the technical process of spinning the honey out using an extractor:
• "He put the frame in an extractor, which used centrifugal force to spin the honey out."
• Sentence S is the last sentence as it concludes the process with the delightful reward of fresh honey:
• "As a delightful reward for his labour, he filled jars with the delicious, fresh honey."
• The correct sequence is P, Q, R, S.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"In search of the queen bee, he cautiously opened the beehive and examined the frames. He took out a honey frame and scraped off the wax covers with a knife. He put the frame in an extractor, which used centrifugal force to spin the honey out. As a delightful reward for his labour, he filled jars with the delicious, fresh honey."

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The question asks for the proper sequence to arrange the sentences into a meaningful and grammatically correct paragraph.
• To determine the correct sequence, we need to focus on the logical flow of ideas and actions described in the sentences.
• Sentence Q is the first sentence because it introduces the context and the initial action:
• "In search of the ideal wave, he paddled his board out to the deep water."
• Sentence P follows because it describes the next observation made by the subject:
• "He turned the board towards the coast when he noticed a nice swell coming."
• Sentence R is the third sentence as it details the action taken after noticing the wave:
• "He pushed up onto his feet after paddling hard, cautiously balancing on the board."
• Sentence S is the fourth and final sentence as it concludes the sequence with the outcome:
• "He rode the wave to the sand for a few beautiful seconds."
• The correct sequence is Q, P, R, S.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"In search of the ideal wave, he paddled his board out to the deep water. He turned the board towards the coast when he noticed a nice swell coming. He pushed up onto his feet after paddling hard, cautiously balancing on the board. He rode the wave to the sand for a few beautiful seconds."

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Similar.

Key Points

• The word "Disparate" means fundamentally different or distinct in kind; something that cannot be compared due to its differences. (भिन्न)
• Example: The report highlights the disparate income levels among various regions.
• "Similar" refers to having qualities or characteristics in common; alike in appearance, nature, or form. (समान)
• Example: The two paintings are so similar that it's hard to tell them apart.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Disparate' is 'Similar'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Similar.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Distinct (अलग): Clearly different or separate from something else.
• Example: There are distinct differences between the two proposals.
• Separate (अलग-अलग): To divide or keep apart.
• Example: The two departments are housed in separate buildings.
• Contrasting (विरोधी): To show a clear difference between two or more things.
• Example: The artist used contrasting colors to create a vivid painting.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. likens, lichens.

Key Points

• The verb "likens" means to compare or relate one thing to another.
• The word "lichens" refers to hardy organisms that thrive in harsh environments, including cold climates.
• The correct pair in this context is "likens, lichens" because the researcher is comparing the resilience of hermits to the resilience of lichens.
• Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect because they either misuse the words or do not fit the context of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "The researcher likens the resilience of the hermits to the hardy lichens that survive even in the coldest climates."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "likens, likens" is incorrect because the second word, "likens," does not refer to the organisms mentioned in the sentence.
• Option 3: "lichens, likens" is incorrect because the subject-verb agreement is misplaced, and the comparison does not make sense.
• Option 4: "lichens, lichens" is incorrect because the verb "likens" is required to establish the comparison.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'proceedure'.

• The correct spelling would be 'procedure'.
• The word 'procedure' is a noun which means 'an established or official way of doing something'. (प्रक्रिया)
• For Example -
• The procedure for applying for a visa is clearly explained on the website.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'proceedure'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

• Unanimous - fully in agreement or a decision made by everyone involved (सर्वसम्मति)
• Judicious - having or showing good judgment or sense (विवेकपूर्ण)
• Misgivings - feelings of doubt or concern about something (शंका)