Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is Internet Service Provider

Key Points Internet Service Provider (ISP):

• An ISP is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
• ISPs supply Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network.
• They use modem and broadband links to provide the connection needed for accessing the internet.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

• A URL is a reference or address used to access resources on the internet.
• This might include websites, files, or other data.
• It specifies the location of a resource as well as the protocol used to access it, such as HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP.

Web Browser:

• A web browser is a software application used to access and view websites.
• Common web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.
• Browsers interpret and display HTML documents and allow users to navigate between them using hyperlinks.

Web Server:

• A web server is a computer system that hosts websites.
• It delivers content to users' computers over the internet when requested through a web browser.
• This content typically includes web pages, images, and other types of files.

The correct answer is Netscape

Key Points Netscape:

• Netscape refers to Netscape Navigator, which was a popular web browser that included a built-in email client called Netscape Messenger.
• Netscape Messenger was a GUI-based email client, providing a graphical interface where users could interact with buttons, menus, and other graphical elements

Elm:

• Elm is a text-based email client used on Unix systems. It provides a simple, menu-driven system for managing email, and it operates entirely in the terminal or console window.
• Elm uses a text-based user interface, not a graphical one

Mail:

• This is a bit ambiguous as "Mail" could refer to several different programs.
• However, in most contexts, especially older ones, "Mail" refers to a simple command-line-based mail program on Unix-like systems.
• This is also text-based and operates via command line without a graphical interface.

Pine:

• Pine, like Elm, is another text-based email client for Unix-like systems.
• It offers a slightly more user-friendly approach compared to older text-based email clients but still operates within a text-based environment.

The correct answer is Layout 

Key Points Layout:

• This is the correct tab for accessing the Page Setup dialog box.
• It includes options to set margins, orientation, size, columns, spacing, breaks, line numbers, and hyphenation, among other layout-related settings.

Home:

• This tab includes basic formatting options such as font style, size, color, paragraph alignment, and other text formatting tools.
• It's primarily used for editing and styling the content of the document.

Draw:

• This tab is available in newer versions of Office and is used for drawing, annotating, and handwriting within the document, utilizing various pens and drawing tools.

Insert:

• This tab allows you to add various elements to your document such as tables, pictures, charts, links, headers, footers, text boxes, and other media files.

The correct answer is Two

Key Points

• "two" might suggest that each user operates a separate user agent even on the same system, perhaps due to user profiles or account settings that segregate their activities for privacy or organizational purposes.
• However, it's important to note that technically, only one user agent is required to handle both sending and receiving emails for multiple users on the same system.
• The choice of "two" in this context serves as an assumption to fit the available options and is not a reflection of actual necessity.

The correct answer is View

Key Points View:

• This is the correct tab for accessing display options in File Explorer.
• The 'hidden items' checkbox is located here, along with other view-related settings like 'details pane', 'preview pane', file and folder layout options (e.g., list, tiles, icons), and other tools to customize how contents are displayed in File Explorer.

Home:

• This tab features commands for common tasks such as Copy, Paste, Move to, Delete, Rename, and New Folder.
• It focuses on file and folder management actions but does not include options related to the display or visibility settings of files and folders.

File:

• This tab typically provides access to file-specific actions and settings such as opening a new window, changing folder and search options, and accessing properties.
• It’s more about global settings and less about specific file visibility.

Share:

• This tab is used for sharing files and folders with other users.
• It includes options like share, email, zip, print, etc., focusing on how files can be distributed or accessed by others, not on how they are displayed in the explorer.

The correct answer is Providing temporary storage for data that the CPU is currently processing.

Key Points

• This memory allows writing as well as reading of data, unlike ROM which does not allow writing of data on to it.
• It is volatile storage because the contents of RAM are lost when the power (computer) is turned off.
• If we want to store the data for later use, we have to transfer all the contents to a secondary storage device.
• Hence, RAM is a temporary memory device.

Additional Information

The memory of the computer is divided into two categories:

1. Primary Memory

2. Secondary Memory

3. Primary memory also called main memory or internal memory provides temporary storage of programs in execution and the data being processed. It is known as immediate access storage as this is the portion of the CPU that can be accessed directly. 

Primary memory can be further grouped into Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM). 2. Secondary or backing Memory

It maintains a permanent record of data and programs, maintains a store for the program and data being processed if the main memory cannot accommodate the data and program, and acts as an input/output device.

The correct answer is The intersection of a row and a column in a worksheet.

Key Points

Concept:-

you can activate a cell in Excel.

• By pressing the Tab key
• By pressing the cell.
• Utilizing the arrow keys.

Additional Information

• A cell is simply activated and made editable by double-clicking on it. Additionally, you can change a cell by clicking on the formula bar.
• The cell next to the active cell will become active when you press the Tab key. The cell you want to activate can be clicked to do so.
• Go to the Formulas tab, the Formula Auditing group, and click the Show Formulas button in your Excel worksheet.
• Microsoft Excel does not immediately show the results of formulas in cells. Toggle the Show Formulas button back off to restore the calculated values.

The correct answer is Switch.

Key Points

• Switch
• A switch operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model, known as the Data Link layer.
• It uses MAC addresses to forward data packets between devices on the same network.
• Switches create a separate collision domain for each port, which helps in reducing packet collisions, leading to an efficient handling of network traffic.
• This device enhances network performance by learning the MAC addresses of connected devices and selectively forwarding data to the intended recipient.

Additional Information

• Hub
• A hub operates at Layer 1 of the OSI model, the Physical layer. It does not perform any data filtering or addressing, simply rebroadcasting incoming data packets to all connected devices, except the sender.
• Hubs create a single collision domain and a single broadcast domain, which can lead to network inefficiencies and higher collision rates.
• They are less intelligent than switches and routers and are generally used in small or less complex networks.
• firewall 
• A firewall operates at various layers of the OSI model, primarily between Layer 3 (Network layer) and Layer 7 (Application layer), depending on its configuration.
• It is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
• Firewalls use predetermined security rules to inspect incoming and outgoing traffic and make decisions about which traffic is allowed through based on these rules.
• They are crucial for network security.
• Router
• A router operates at Layer 3, the Network layer. It uses IP addresses to route packets between different networks.
• Routers are responsible for making decisions about which of several paths network traffic will follow. By doing so, they connect different subnets and manage traffic within a large or complex network by using routing tables and policies.
• They create and manage a routing table that keeps track of paths and uses protocols such as ICMP to communicate with other routers.

The correct answer is Tape drive.

Key Points

• Tape drive
• A tape drive provides a convenient way to create system images and complete backups.
• ​It is known for its high storage capacity and cost-effectiveness for long-term data storage.
• However, restoration from tape drives can be lengthy due to the sequential nature of data access.​

Additional Information

• Network-attached storage (NAS)
• NAS devices are dedicated file storage units that provide fast and easy access to stored data over a network.
• They are ideal for data backup and file sharing within a network.
• NAS offers relatively quick data restoration compared to tape drives due to random access capabilities.
• Solid-state drive (SSD)
• An SSD is a high-speed storage device that provides faster read and write speeds than traditional hard drives. It is suitable for creating system images and backups, with quick restoration times due to its random access nature. SSDs, however, are typically more expensive per gigabyte than other storage options.
• DVD-RW disc
• DVD-RW discs are rewritable optical discs used for data storage and backups. They provide a convenient, though limited, storage capacity for smaller backup needs. Restoration from DVD-RWs can be time-consuming and is less suitable for large-scale backups compared to other methods.

The correct answer is It adds up the values in a range.

Key Points

• The SUM function adds values.
• You can add individual values, cell references or ranges or a mix of all three.
• For example: =SUM(A2:A10) - Adds the values in cells A2:10.

The correct answer is Facebook.

Key Points Browser:

• A web browser is a software application for accessing the information on the World Wide Web.
• When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays the page on the user's device.
• It is an application used to access and view websites.
• Microsoft Internet Explorer, Maxthon 6 Cloud Browser, Google Chrome, Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, etc. are some of examples of web browser
• A web browser is a computer program you use to view web pages
• A web browser helps in receiving the web-page matter through the internet.

The correct answer is To store frequently used data for faster access by the CPU. 

Key Points

The ability of cache memory to improve a computer's performance relies on the concept of locality of reference.

Locality of reference refers to the tendency of the computer program to access the same set of memory locations for a particular time period.

Cache memory creates a pattern in which CPU, While accessing or requesting data first checks with cache memory.

Let's analyze the options one by one.

 

Option 1-It's the correct answer as explained above.

 

Option 2- It's a concept of software engineering, which states that 90 % of program execution time is spent executing 10% of code.

 

Option 3- References do not cluster all the time. So, if they cluster also it's not guaranteed that the CPU will request the same cluster address.

The correct answer is Ctrl + C.

Key Points

• Ctrl + C
• Ctrl + C is the keyboard shortcut for 'Copy' in most Windows applications.
• This command copies the selected text, image, or other data to the clipboard, allowing it to be pasted elsewhere.
• It is an essential shortcut for efficiently moving or duplicating data within and between applications.

Additional Information

• Ctrl + Z
• Ctrl + Z is the keyboard shortcut for 'Undo' in most Windows applications. This command reverts the last action taken by the user, effectively undoing mistakes or unwanted changes. It is a useful shortcut for quickly correcting errors without navigating through menus.
• Ctrl + X
• Ctrl + X is the keyboard shortcut for 'Cut' in most Windows applications. This command removes the selected text, image, or other data from its original location and copies it to the clipboard. It allows users to move data from one place to another.
• Ctrl + V
• Ctrl + V is the keyboard shortcut for 'Paste' in most Windows applications. This command inserts the data from the clipboard into the current cursor location. It works in conjunction with the 'Copy' and 'Cut' commands to place the copied or cut data into a new location.

The correct answer is ​A security mechanism that filters and controls network traffic. 

Key Points

• A firewall is a system that prevents unauthorized access to a private network.
• It is a type of cybersecurity tool that is used to filter traffic on a network.
• A firewall will create a barrier between a secured internal network and an unsafe external network.

Additional Information

• Firewalls are of two types namely
• Network firewalls: Use to protect whole computer networks from attacks.
• Host-based firewalls.: Installed on servers or host computers to protect them from attacks.

The correct answer is cache.

Key Points

• Cache
• Cache me mory is a high-speed memory located between the CPU and primary memory (RAM).
• It stores frequently accessed data and instructions, allowing the CPU to access this information more quickly than it could from RAM.
• Cache memory significantly improves the overall speed and efficiency of the computing process by reducing the time needed to access data.

Addition al Information

• Read only
• Read Only Memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory that is used to store firmware or software that is rarely changed.
• ROM retains its data even when the computer is turned off, making it useful for permanent storage of critical programs.
• It is not typically used for the high-speed memory placed between the CPU and primary memory.
• Virtual
• Virtual memory is a memory management technique that uses a portion of the computer's hard drive as an extension of RAM.
• This allows a system to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from RAM to disk storage.
• It is not the high-speed memory situated between the CPU and primary memory.
• Secondary
• Secondary memory refers to external storage devices such as hard drives, SSDs, CDs, and USB drives.
• These devices provide large storage capacity but are slower compared to primary memory (RAM) and cache memory.
• Secondary memory is used for long-term data storage rather than high-speed, temporary storage.

The correct answer is Memory Address Register.

Key Points

Memory Address Register:

• The ‘MAR’ (Memory Address Register) is the CPU register that either stores the memory address from which data will be fetched to the CPU or the address to which data will be sent and stored.
• MAR holds the address of the location to be accessed from memory.

the correct answer is Malicious software disguised as legitimate software to gain unauthorised access.

Key Points Trojan Horse:

• ​A Trojan horse is a hidden piece of code.
• Viruses enter a system secretly where the Trojan horse enters by deceiving a user.
• A user allows or invites a Trojan into the system, believing in it, but actually, the Trojan horse contains some malicious code to perform some malicious activity.
• Before a Trojan can attack, it must find a way to entice the victim to copy, download, and run it.
• Trojan horse is not sent as an email attachment.
• Since few people would knowingly run a malicious program, Trojan must disguise themselves as other programs that the victim believes to be harmless (such as games, utilities, or popular applications).​

Additional Information

• A computer virus is a type of malevolent code or program written to alter the way a computer operates and is designed to spread from one computer to another.
• A virus is corporate by inserting or attaching itself to a lawful program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.
• In the procedure, a virus has the prospective to cause unannounced or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.
• Common types of Computer Viruses are:
• File Infecting Virus
• Macro Virus
• Trojan Horse
• Browser Hijacker
• Web Scripting Virus
• Boot Sector Virus
• Polymorphic Virus
• Resident Virus
• Multipartite Virus

The correct answer is To view how the document will appear when printed.

Key Points

• Print Preview is a feature that displays on the screen what a hard copy would look like when printed.
• Press Ctrl + F2 to open the print preview for the document.
• By using the print preview, you can find any errors that may exist or fix the layout before printing, which can save ink or toner and paper by not having to print more than once.

Additional Information

• To open the print preview feature, click the print preview icon on the toolbar, like that shown in the picture, or click File and choose the Print Preview option.
• Some programs, like newer versions of Microsoft Office applications, show a print preview on the Print page.
• In these cases, there is no Print Preview option in the program's menu.
• Many programs do not have a shortcut key for the print preview feature.
• However, you can press Alt+F to open the file menu and press V, R, or the other underlined character (Mnemonic) for the Print Preview option.
• In programs like Microsoft Word, while in the print preview, you can change the page orientation from Portrait Orientation to Landscape.
• Orientation to view the page in landscape.
• Unfortunately, not all programs support this ability.
• If the program you're using has no settings or options in print preview, you cannot view how your page would print in landscape mode.

The correct answer is display all subfolders under the selected folder.

Key Points

• Expand all subfolders under the selected folder
• Num Lock + Asterisk sign (*) in File Explorer is used to expand all subfolders under the selected folder.
• This shortcut allows users to view the entire directory structure within a folder quickly.
• It is especially useful for navigating complex directory trees with many nested subfolders.
• By expanding all subfolders at once, users can efficiently locate specific files or folders without manually opening each subfolder.
• This shortcut saves time and effort, enhancing the user experience when managing files.
• It is an effective way to get an overview of the folder structure and contents.

the correct answer is Touchscreen.

Key Points

• Touchscreen
• A touchscreen is an input device that allows users to interact with the computer by touching the screen.
• It combines the functions of a display (output) and input by detecting touch gestures.
• Touchscreens are used in various devices such as smartphones, tablets, and some laptops.

Additional Information

• Monitor
• A monitor is an output device that displays visual information from the computer.
• It shows images, videos, and the graphical user interface (GUI) for user interaction.
• Monitors do not input data into the computer; they only present data to the user.
• Printer
• A printer is an output device that produces a physical copy of digital documents.
• It transfers text and images from the computer to paper or other media.
• Printers do not input data into the computer; they output data in a printed format.
• Speaker
• A speaker is an output device that produces audio signals from the computer.
• It converts digital audio data into sound waves that can be heard by the user.
• Speakers do not input data into the computer; they output sound.