English Comprehension PYQs

Directions (18-21): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, options are given. Find out the appropriate word which fits into the blank appropriately.

European countries (18) with a persistent challenge: oil dependency. Reliance on imported oil exposes these nations to geopolitical uncertainties and market(19)______. To address this __(20) , there is a concerted effort to diversify energy sources, emphasizing renewables and sustainable practices. The (21) of a greener, more self-sufficient energy landscape is at the forefront of Europe's strategic initiatives.

Q22. In the following questions, few sentences are given. Choose and mark the sentence which contains grammatical or contextual error in it. If all the sentences are grammatically and contextually correct, mark the “all are correct” option as the answer choice.

Directions (23-27): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If the given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct, the choose option “No error” as right answer choice. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

Neither of the candidates (A)/ have submitted (B)/ their application (C)/ before the deadline. (D)

Directions (23-27): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If the given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct, the choose option “No error” as right answer choice. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

Never he had imagined that, (A)/ after years of hard work (B)/ and dedication, would success(C)/ come so suddenly. (D)

Directions (23-27): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If the given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct, the choose option “No error” as right answer choice. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

Despite of the rain, (A)/ they decided (B)/ to proceed (C)/ with the outdoor event. (D)

Directions (23-27): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If the given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct, the choose option “No error” as right answer choice. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

She could of finished (A)/ the assignment earlier(B)/ if she had (C)/started it sooner. (D)

Directions (23-27): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If the given sentence is grammatically and contextually correct, the choose option “No error” as right answer choice. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)

The conference room is (A)/ large enough to accommodate (B)/ over fifty participants, (C)/ ensuring everyone have a seat. (D)

Directions (28): Read the following paragraph and answer the question.

In a remote village, young Raj, armed with determination, led a campaign to plant trees and recycle in response to the changing climate. Armed with a small shovel and a heart full of conviction, he rallied his neighbors to join the fight against deforestation. With each sapling he planted, Raj became the beacon of change, proving that even a small boy from a humble village could make a significant impact in the global battle for a sustainable future. The village transformed, not just in greenery but in awareness, as Raj's passion ignited a collective effort to protect their environment.

What transformation occurred in the village as a result of Raj's efforts?

In the following questions, few sentences are given. Choose and mark the sentence which contains grammatical or contextual error in it. If all the sentences are grammatically and contextually correct, mark the “all are correct” option as the answer choice.

Directions (30): For each question, five options are given out of which four options follow the similar theme. Choose the option which fails to become a part of the coherent paragraph and is the odd-one-out.

Directions (Q81-Q86): Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Recently, The Committee on Climate Change has conducted a study that examines the land use and
greenhouse gas implications of UK food consumption change away from meat and dairy consumption
and associated production. It shows that the UK agricultural land base can support increased
consumption of plant-based products arising from the reduced consumption of livestock products.
This would not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would also reduce land requirements. This
in turn would bring potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other
products ranging from biofuels production to rewilding, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem
services, from UK agricultural land. A number of questions on the topic were addressed and to
answer those questions, a range of consumption and production scenarios were designed to examine
options on both the demand and supply sides – three consumption and three production scenarios.
The study found that all consumption change scenarios reduce the total amount of land estimated as
required to support the UK food system. In all cases the amount of extra land required for the direct
consumption of plant products is less than the amount of arable land released from livestock feed
production. This said, a switch from red to white meat increases the need for overseas arable land,
although a larger area of UK land that can be tilled is released. Focusing a reduced cattle and sheep
industry on non-arable land would result in the release of substantially more tillable land (currently
grassland). A 50% reduction in livestock product consumption opens up the opportunity to release
about half of UK land currently used for UK food supplies if remaining production is concentrated on
the more capable land. If land is released uniformly, almost two-thirds of this release takes place on
grassland not suited to arable production and the remaining third is grassland with some arable
potential. There would be with higher levels of land release in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
than in England. The study found that all consumption scenarios reduced greenhouse gas emissions
from primary production. The largest reduction was from a livestock reduction scenario: from 81 to 66
Mt CO2e (19% reduction). The net effect on emissions depended greatly on the alternative use of the
grassland released from food production. This study has clearly shown that UK land can support
consumption change that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the food system. The reduction in
land needed to supply the UK that comes with a reduction in livestock product consumption brings
potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products, including other
ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. The study has shown that some risks currently
___________ (4) as arising from consumption change are small. In particular the study shows that
arable land needs will not increase if the consumption of livestock products is decreased. The risk
that emissions will be exported is also shown to be small. (5) The combined (A) of the significant
potential benefits of consumption change identification (B) with the low risks of unintended
consequences has far-reaching development (C) for guidance to consumers and the implication (D)
of agricultural policy. The results are broadly applicable to other European countries which means
they are relevant to international policy development, for example the reform of the Common
Agricultural Policy.

Q81. Which of the following is the tone of the passage?

Directions (Q81-Q86): Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Recently, The Committee on Climate Change has conducted a study that examines the land use and greenhouse gas implications of UK food consumption change away from meat and dairy consumption and associated production. It shows that the UK agricultural land base can support increased consumption of plant-based products arising from the reduced consumption of livestock products. This would not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would also reduce land requirements. This in turn would bring potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products ranging from biofuels production to rewilding, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. A number of questions on the topic were addressed and to answer those questions, a range of consumption and production scenarios were designed to examine options on both the demand and supply sides – three consumption and three production scenarios. The study found that all consumption change scenarios reduce the total amount of land estimated as required to support the UK food system. In all cases the amount of extra land required for the direct consumption of plant products is less than the amount of arable land released from livestock feed production. This said, a switch from red to white meat increases the need for overseas arable land, although a larger area of UK land that can be tilled is released. Focusing a reduced cattle and sheep industry on non-arable land would result in the release of substantially more tillable land (currently grassland). A 50% reduction in livestock product consumption opens up the opportunity to release about half of UK land currently used for UK food supplies if remaining production is concentrated on the more capable land. If land is released uniformly, almost two-thirds of this release takes place on grassland not suited to arable production and the remaining third is grassland with some arable potential. There would be with higher levels of land release in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland than in England. The study found that all consumption scenarios reduced greenhouse gas emissions from primary production. The largest reduction was from a livestock reduction scenario: from 81 to 66 Mt CO2e (19% reduction). The net effect on emissions depended greatly on the alternative use of the grassland released from food production. This study has clearly shown that UK land can support consumption change that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the food system. The reduction in land needed to supply the UK that comes with a reduction in livestock product consumption brings potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products, including other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. The study has shown that some risks currently ___________ (4) as arising from consumption change are small. In particular the study shows that arable land needs will not increase if the consumption of livestock products is decreased. The risk that emissions will be exported is also shown to be small. (5) The combined (A) of the significant potential benefits of consumption change identification (B) with the low risks of unintended consequences has far-reaching development (C) for guidance to consumers and the implication (D) of agricultural policy. The results are broadly applicable to other European countries which means they are relevant to international policy development, for example the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy.

Q82. Reducing the consumption of livestock products is possible in UK, because its agricultural land base will be able to hold up the increased consumption of plant-based products.
According to the passage, this statement is-

Directions (Q81-Q86): Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Recently, The Committee on Climate Change has conducted a study that examines the land use and greenhouse gas implications of UK food consumption change away from meat and dairy consumption and associated production. It shows that the UK agricultural land base can support increased consumption of plant-based products arising from the reduced consumption of livestock products. This would not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would also reduce land requirements. This in turn would bring potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products ranging from biofuels production to rewilding, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. A number of questions on the topic were addressed and to answer those questions, a range of consumption and production scenarios were designed to examine options on both the demand and supply sides – three consumption and three production scenarios. The study found that all consumption change scenarios reduce the total amount of land estimated as required to support the UK food system. In all cases the amount of extra land required for the direct consumption of plant products is less than the amount of arable land released from livestock feed production. This said, a switch from red to white meat increases the need for overseas arable land, although a larger area of UK land that can be tilled is released. Focusing a reduced cattle and sheep industry on non-arable land would result in the release of substantially more tillable land (currently grassland). A 50% reduction in livestock product consumption opens up the opportunity to release about half of UK land currently used for UK food supplies if remaining production is concentrated on the more capable land. If land is released uniformly, almost two-thirds of this release takes place on grassland not suited to arable production and the remaining third is grassland with some arable potential. There would be with higher levels of land release in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland than in England. The study found that all consumption scenarios reduced greenhouse gas emissions from primary production. The largest reduction was from a livestock reduction scenario: from 81 to 66 Mt CO2e (19% reduction). The net effect on emissions depended greatly on the alternative use of the grassland released from food production. This study has clearly shown that UK land can support consumption change that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the food system. The reduction in land needed to supply the UK that comes with a reduction in livestock product consumption brings potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products, including other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. The study has shown that some risks currently ___________ (4) as arising from consumption change are small. In particular the study shows that arable land needs will not increase if the consumption of livestock products is decreased. The risk that emissions will be exported is also shown to be small. (5) The combined (A) of the significant potential benefits of consumption change identification (B) with the low risks of unintended consequences has far-reaching development (C) for guidance to consumers and the implication (D) of agricultural policy. The results are broadly applicable to other European countries which means they are relevant to international policy development, for example the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy.

Q83. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

Directions (Q81-Q86): Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Recently, The Committee on Climate Change has conducted a study that examines the land use and greenhouse gas implications of UK food consumption change away from meat and dairy consumption and associated production. It shows that the UK agricultural land base can support increased consumption of plant-based products arising from the reduced consumption of livestock products. This would not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would also reduce land requirements. This in turn would bring potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products ranging from biofuels production to rewilding, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. A number of questions on the topic were addressed and to answer those questions, a range of consumption and production scenarios were designed to examine options on both the demand and supply sides – three consumption and three production scenarios. The study found that all consumption change scenarios reduce the total amount of land estimated as required to support the UK food system. In all cases the amount of extra land required for the direct consumption of plant products is less than the amount of arable land released from livestock feed production. This said, a switch from red to white meat increases the need for overseas arable land, although a larger area of UK land that can be tilled is released. Focusing a reduced cattle and sheep industry on non-arable land would result in the release of substantially more tillable land (currently grassland). A 50% reduction in livestock product consumption opens up the opportunity to release about half of UK land currently used for UK food supplies if remaining production is concentrated on the more capable land. If land is released uniformly, almost two-thirds of this release takes place on grassland not suited to arable production and the remaining third is grassland with some arable potential. There would be with higher levels of land release in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland than in England. The study found that all consumption scenarios reduced greenhouse gas emissions from primary production. The largest reduction was from a livestock reduction scenario: from 81 to 66 Mt CO2e (19% reduction). The net effect on emissions depended greatly on the alternative use of the grassland released from food production. This study has clearly shown that UK land can support consumption change that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the food system. The reduction in land needed to supply the UK that comes with a reduction in livestock product consumption brings potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products, including other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. The study has shown that some risks currently ___________ (4) as arising from consumption change are small. In particular the study shows that arable land needs will not increase if the consumption of livestock products is decreased. The risk that emissions will be exported is also shown to be small. (5) The combined (A) of the significant potential benefits of consumption change identification (B) with the low risks of unintended consequences has far-reaching development (C) for guidance to consumers and the implication (D) of agricultural policy. The results are broadly applicable to other European countries which means they are relevant to international policy development, for example the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy.

Q84. Choose a suitable word to fill in blank (4) that is mentioned in the passage.
The study has shown that some risks currently ___________ as arising from consumption change are small.

Directions (Q81-Q86): Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Recently, The Committee on Climate Change has conducted a study that examines the land use and greenhouse gas implications of UK food consumption change away from meat and dairy consumption and associated production. It shows that the UK agricultural land base can support increased consumption of plant-based products arising from the reduced consumption of livestock products. This would not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would also reduce land requirements. This in turn would bring potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products ranging from biofuels production to rewilding, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. A number of questions on the topic were addressed and to answer those questions, a range of consumption and production scenarios were designed to examine options on both the demand and supply sides – three consumption and three production scenarios. The study found that all consumption change scenarios reduce the total amount of land estimated as required to support the UK food system. In all cases the amount of extra land required for the direct consumption of plant products is less than the amount of arable land released from livestock feed production. This said, a switch from red to white meat increases the need for overseas arable land, although a larger area of UK land that can be tilled is released. Focusing a reduced cattle and sheep industry on non-arable land would result in the release of substantially more tillable land (currently grassland). A 50% reduction in livestock product consumption opens up the opportunity to release about half of UK land currently used for UK food supplies if remaining production is concentrated on the more capable land. If land is released uniformly, almost two-thirds of this release takes place on grassland not suited to arable production and the remaining third is grassland with some arable potential. There would be with higher levels of land release in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland than in England. The study found that all consumption scenarios reduced greenhouse gas emissions from primary production. The largest reduction was from a livestock reduction scenario: from 81 to 66 Mt CO2e (19% reduction). The net effect on emissions depended greatly on the alternative use of the grassland released from food production. This study has clearly shown that UK land can support consumption change that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the food system. The reduction in land needed to supply the UK that comes with a reduction in livestock product consumption brings potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products, including other ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. The study has shown that some risks currently ___________ (4) as arising from consumption change are small. In particular the study shows that arable land needs will not increase if the consumption of livestock products is decreased. The risk that emissions will be exported is also shown to be small. (5) The combined (A) of the significant potential benefits of consumption change identification (B) with the low risks of unintended consequences has far-reaching development (C) for guidance to consumers and the implication (D) of agricultural policy. The results are broadly applicable to other European countries which means they are relevant to international policy development, for example the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy.

Q85. In the sentence marked as (5), four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should replace each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is, select „E‟ as your option.

Directions (Q81-Q86): Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Recently, The Committee on Climate Change has conducted a study that examines the land use and
greenhouse gas implications of UK food consumption change away from meat and dairy consumption
and associated production. It shows that the UK agricultural land base can support increased
consumption of plant-based products arising from the reduced consumption of livestock products.
This would not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would also reduce land requirements. This
in turn would bring potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other
products ranging from biofuels production to rewilding, carbon sequestration and other ecosystem
services, from UK agricultural land. A number of questions on the topic were addressed and to
answer those questions, a range of consumption and production scenarios were designed to examine
options on both the demand and supply sides – three consumption and three production scenarios.
The study found that all consumption change scenarios reduce the total amount of land estimated as
required to support the UK food system. In all cases the amount of extra land required for the direct
consumption of plant products is less than the amount of arable land released from livestock feed
production. This said, a switch from red to white meat increases the need for overseas arable land,
although a larger area of UK land that can be tilled is released. Focusing a reduced cattle and sheep
industry on non-arable land would result in the release of substantially more tillable land (currently
grassland). A 50% reduction in livestock product consumption opens up the opportunity to release
about half of UK land currently used for UK food supplies if remaining production is concentrated on
the more capable land. If land is released uniformly, almost two-thirds of this release takes place on
grassland not suited to arable production and the remaining third is grassland with some arable
potential. There would be with higher levels of land release in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
than in England. The study found that all consumption scenarios reduced greenhouse gas emissions
from primary production. The largest reduction was from a livestock reduction scenario: from 81 to 66
Mt CO2e (19% reduction). The net effect on emissions depended greatly on the alternative use of the
grassland released from food production. This study has clearly shown that UK land can support
consumption change that reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the food system. The reduction in
land needed to supply the UK that comes with a reduction in livestock product consumption brings
potential environmental benefits and significant opportunities to deliver other products, including other
ecosystem services, from UK agricultural land. The study has shown that some risks currently
___________ (4) as arising from consumption change are small. In particular the study shows that
arable land needs will not increase if the consumption of livestock products is decreased. The risk
that emissions will be exported is also shown to be small. (5) The combined (A) of the significant
potential benefits of consumption change identification (B) with the low risks of unintended
consequences has far-reaching development (C) for guidance to consumers and the implication (D)
of agricultural policy. The results are broadly applicable to other European countries which means
they are relevant to international policy development, for example the reform of the Common
Agricultural Policy.

Q6. Which of the following is a near antonym of the word 'capable'?

Q87. Bury the hatchet
I. The two countries decided to bury the hatchet and work towards the welfare of the people.

II. I hope that one day, they will bury the hatchet and go fishing together, like they used to.

III. You have to sleep well before the exams or you will bury the hatchet.

Q88. Put a sock in it
I. We have to put a sock in it; only then will we be able to improve our speaking skills.

II. With enough bytes already spilled on the Web about this, I decided to put a sock in it.

III. He went on talking about his achievements, until I asked him to put a sock in it.

Q89. Pipe dream
I. I feel enthusiastic today because I had a pipe dream.

II. We deserve a system where clean, sustainable energy is something more than a pipe dream for delusional hippies.

III. He was the leading pipe dream of the behavioural approach to psychology.

Directions (Q90- Q92): Seven statements are given below, which are jumbled in any random order.

Only the first statement (a) and the sixth statement (f), which have been emboldened, are in their correct places. These statements will form a coherent and meaningful paragraph, when arranged in the correct sequence. Arrange the sentences in the right order and answer the questions that follow.
a) Imagine a Zoom session on pure mathematics by college professors being interspersed every now and again with a raucous recital of the first ten numbers by kindergarteners.
b) Tower Twisters, a chapter of Chennai Runners, spotted a similar mismatch with the result that it now operates with four official WhatsApp groups.
c) This group countenances these digressions, as almost everyone is guilty of them at some point.
d) The group has a low tolerance threshold for any attempts to get a non-running line in, straight or edgeways.
e) Though both exercises deal with maths, throwing them together is an incongruity.
f) There is another for members who are serious about running, but simply cannot resist the temptation of running through every topic at hand, chatting away to glory.
g) Vikram Mohan, one of Tower Twisters‘ founding-members, notes that one WhatsApp group hosts those members with a blinkered vision, being fixated only on running.

Q90. Which of the following is the third sentence of the paragraph after rearrangement?