English Comprehension PYQs

Directions (Q90- Q92): Seven statements are given below, which are jumbled in any random order.

Only the first statement (a) and the sixth statement (f), which have been emboldened, are in their correct places. These statements will form a coherent and meaningful paragraph, when arranged in the correct sequence. Arrange the sentences in the right order and answer the questions that follow.
a) Imagine a Zoom session on pure mathematics by college professors being interspersed every now and again with a raucous recital of the first ten numbers by kindergarteners.
b) Tower Twisters, a chapter of Chennai Runners, spotted a similar mismatch with the result that it now operates with four official WhatsApp groups.
c) This group countenances these digressions, as almost everyone is guilty of them at some point.
d) The group has a low tolerance threshold for any attempts to get a non-running line in, straight or edgeways.
e) Though both exercises deal with maths, throwing them together is an incongruity.
f) There is another for members who are serious about running, but simply cannot resist the temptation of running through every topic at hand, chatting away to glory.
g) Vikram Mohan, one of Tower Twisters‘ founding-members, notes that one WhatsApp group hosts those members with a blinkered vision, being fixated only on running.

Q91. Which of the following is the last (seventh) sentence of the paragraph after rearrangement?

Directions (Q90- Q92): Seven statements are given below, which are jumbled in any random order.

Only the first statement (a) and the sixth statement (f), which have been emboldened, are in their correct places. These statements will form a coherent and meaningful paragraph, when arranged in the correct sequence. Arrange the sentences in the right order and answer the questions that follow.
a) Imagine a Zoom session on pure mathematics by college professors being interspersed every now and again with a raucous recital of the first ten numbers by kindergarteners.
b) Tower Twisters, a chapter of Chennai Runners, spotted a similar mismatch with the result that it now operates with four official WhatsApp groups.
c) This group countenances these digressions, as almost everyone is guilty of them at some point.
d) The group has a low tolerance threshold for any attempts to get a non-running line in, straight or edgeways.
e) Though both exercises deal with maths, throwing them together is an incongruity.
f) There is another for members who are serious about running, but simply cannot resist the temptation of running through every topic at hand, chatting away to glory.
g) Vikram Mohan, one of Tower Twisters‘ founding-members, notes that one WhatsApp group hosts those members with a blinkered vision, being fixated only on running.

Q92. Which of the following is the fifth sentence of the paragraph after rearrangement?

Directions : Out of the statements given below, one statement may be grammatically and contextually correct. Choose the correct statement as your answer. If all the statements are correct, choose E, i.e. „All are correct‟.

Q93.

Directions : Out of the statements given below, one statement may be grammatically and contextually correct. Choose the correct statement as your answer. If all the statements are correct, choose E, i.e. „All are correct‟.

Q94.

Directions : Out of the statements given below, one statement may be grammatically and contextually correct. Choose the correct statement as your answer. If all the statements are correct, choose E, i.e. „All are correct‟.

Q95.

Directions : In the following question, a sentence is given with a blank to be filled in with appropriate words. Five alternatives are suggested for the question. Choose the correct alternative, such that both the words fit contextually and grammatically in the given statement.

Q96. Already the several rounds of NATO expansion and Russia‘s territorial aggression have ______________ the world to its most dangerous moment since the 1962 Cuban missile crisis.

Directions : In the following question, a sentence is given with a blank to be filled in with appropriate words. Five alternatives are suggested for the question. Choose the correct alternative, such that both the words fit contextually and grammatically in the given statement.

Q97. If civil service has to represent all sections of the population, of which half are women, their representation in the services too must increase at all levels of the bureaucracy, ___________ with the highest rung.

Directions : In the following question, a sentence is given with a blank to be filled in with appropriate words. Five alternatives are suggested for the question. Choose the correct alternative, such that both the words fit contextually and grammatically in the given statement.

Q98. Decision-makers occupying the high echelons in the judiciary and the executive should ______________ that by not making the fullest use of the expertise of academic lawyers, they are doing a disfavour to our society.

Directions : In the following question, a sentence is given with a blank to be filled in with appropriate words. Five alternatives are suggested for the question. Choose the correct alternative, such that both the words fit contextually and grammatically in the given statement.

Q99. The countries close to the Russian border, namely the Baltic states and Poland, had _____________ against such a possibility, which they considered the next step after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the month-long Russian military build-up along the border.

Directions : Select the phrase/connector from the given options which can be used to form a single sentence from the two sentences given below, implying the same meaning as expressed in the statement sentences. Pick out the option that when used to start a sentence combines both the above sentences in one.

Q100.
A. We have to consider the moral and legal justifications before it may be done.
B. We have to also consider whether it has a reasonable chance of success.

I. Even if we have to consider…
II. We have to consider…it may be done, for instance, we have to also consider…
III. We have to consider, not only the moral… be done, but also whether it has…

A. New and rapidly developing technological advances made our lives easier.
B. With the creation of weapons that could kill a large number of people, deaths began to increase.

I. New and … easier, on the other hand, with the creation …
II. New and … easier, furthermore, with the creation …
III. New and … easier, at the same time, with the creation …

A. Many students spend two or more hours playing video games each day.
B. Their grades suffer and they sometimes need to repeat classes.

I. Many students… each day because their grades…
II. Many students…each day, consequently, their grades…
III. Many students…each day, as a result, their grades…

Directions : Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Inflation for the last four months has been worryingly high — wholesale price index (WPI) has been above 10% and consumer price index (CPI) crossed the 6% mark in June, which was above the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‘s tolerance band. This is happening at a time when demand has been down, unemployment has been high, many have lost incomes and poverty has aggravated. So, why is there high inflation and does the official data capture the real picture?
In April and May 2020, data on production and prices could not be collected due to the strict lockdown. Unlock had gradually started in June and July 2020 but normalcy had not returned. So, the current data on prices for April to July 2021 are not comparable with the same months of 2020. As such, the official inflation figures for these months in 2021 do not reflect the true picture.
Anyway, a single number for inflation is an aggregate across different commodities and services — the price rise differs for different items of consumption. So, the single number is arrived at by assigning weights to different commodities and services. For WPI, the weights in production are used; for CPI, the consumption basket is used. But people are not homogenous. The consumption basket is vastly different for the poor, the middle classes, and the rich. Hence, the CPI is different for each of these classes and a composite index requires averaging the baskets. So, in a sense, it represents none of the categories.
During lockdown and unlock in 2020, people largely consumed essentials. RBI data show that consumer confidence fell drastically from 105 in January 2020 to 55.5 by January 2021. That means, even when the economy started to grow officially, consumer confidence had not recovered. There occurred a long hiatus for its recovery. Employment and incomes were still down and according to one report, 230 million slipped below the poverty line.

All this implies that the consumption basket for different sections of the population had changed. While the consumption pattern of the well-off sections may have changed little, the poor and middle classes, especially those who lost jobs and incomes, would have had to cut back on their consumption. Thus, the weights in the CPI would have changed and inflation required recalculation, but this has not been done. Consumer confidence was down to 48.6 in July 2021 due to the impact of the second wave of COVID-19.
In India, 94% work in the unorganised sector and mostly earn low incomes and have little savings. By definition, they cannot bargain for higher incomes as prices rise, and get hit by inflation. Further, due to lockdowns, the wages of many declined, both in the unorganised and organised sectors. This has impacted their family budgets.
Consequently, demand has declined not only for non-essentials but even for essentials. In a vicious cycle, this is slowing down economic recovery and employment generation. Further, this impacts the government‘s revenues and tends to increase the budgetary deficit. This puts pressure on the government to cut back budgetary expenditures, especially on the social sector. That aggravates poverty and reduces demand further. Thus, inflation in times of low demand and reduced incomes leads to a vicious cycle of slowing the economy and a growing crisis in the lives of the poor and unemployed, most of whom belong to the unorganised sector and some to the organised sector.
The government has increased taxation of energy to raise resources. Since energy is used for all production, prices of all goods and services tend to rise and push up the rate of inflation. Further, this is an indirect tax, it is regressive and impacts the poor disproportionately more. It also makes the RBI‘s task of controlling inflation difficult.
In brief, the current official inflation rate does not correctly measure price rise since the lockdown administered a shock to the economy. The method of calculating it needed modification. Many of the non-rich have suffered a double blow due to loss of income and rise in prices. This is slowing down the pickup in growth by curtailing demand.
Q103. Which of the following is true regarding combining different numbers to give a single number for inflation?

(i) Different commodities and services are designated weights, and thus a single number is reached.

(ii) To calculate WPI, weights in marketing are used.

(iii) To calculate CPI, basket of consumption goods is used.

(iv) Since the basket is different for different sections of the society, it is averaged to reach a single number.

(v) The numbers represent each category separately.

Directions : Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Inflation for the last four months has been worryingly high — wholesale price index (WPI) has been
above 10% and consumer price index (CPI) crossed the 6% mark in June, which was above the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‘s tolerance band. This is happening at a time when demand has been
down, unemployment has been high, many have lost incomes and poverty has aggravated. So, why
is there high inflation and does the official data capture the real picture?
In April and May 2020, data on production and prices could not be collected due to the strict
lockdown. Unlock had gradually started in June and July 2020 but normalcy had not returned. So,
the current data on prices for April to July 2021 are not comparable with the same months of 2020.
As such, the official inflation figures for these months in 2021 do not reflect the true picture.
Anyway, a single number for inflation is an aggregate across different commodities and services —
the price rise differs for different items of consumption. So, the single number is arrived at by
assigning weights to different commodities and services. For WPI, the weights in production are
used; for CPI, the consumption basket is used. But people are not homogenous. The consumption
basket is vastly different for the poor, the middle classes, and the rich. Hence, the CPI is different
for each of these classes and a composite index requires averaging the baskets. So, in a sense, it
represents none of the categories.
During lockdown and unlock in 2020, people largely consumed essentials. RBI data show that
consumer confidence fell drastically from 105 in January 2020 to 55.5 by January 2021. That
means, even when the economy started to grow officially, consumer confidence had not recovered.
There occurred a long hiatus for its recovery. Employment and incomes were still down and
according to one report, 230 million slipped below the poverty line.

All this implies that the
consumption basket for different sections of the population had changed. While the consumption
pattern of the well-off sections may have changed little, the poor and middle classes, especially
those who lost jobs and incomes, would have had to cut back on their consumption. Thus, the
weights in the CPI would have changed and inflation required recalculation, but this has not been
done. Consumer confidence was down to 48.6 in July 2021 due to the impact of the second wave of
COVID-19.
In India, 94% work in the unorganised sector and mostly earn low incomes and have little savings.
By definition, they cannot bargain for higher incomes as prices rise, and get hit by inflation. Further,
due to lockdowns, the wages of many declined, both in the unorganised and organised sectors.
This has impacted their family budgets.
Consequently, demand has declined not only for non-essentials but even for essentials. In a
vicious cycle, this is slowing down economic recovery and employment generation. Further, this
impacts the government‘s revenues and tends to increase the budgetary deficit. This puts pressure
on the government to cut back budgetary expenditures, especially on the social sector. That
aggravates poverty and reduces demand further. Thus, inflation in times of low demand and
reduced incomes leads to a vicious cycle of slowing the economy and a growing crisis in the lives of
the poor and unemployed, most of whom belong to the unorganised sector and some to the
organised sector.
The government has increased taxation of energy to raise resources. Since energy is used for all
production, prices of all goods and services tend to rise and push up the rate of inflation. Further,
this is an indirect tax, it is regressive and impacts the poor disproportionately more. It also makes
the RBI‘s task of controlling inflation difficult.
In brief, the current official inflation rate does not correctly measure price rise since the lockdown
administered a shock to the economy. The method of calculating it needed modification. Many of
the non-rich have suffered a double blow due to loss of income and rise in prices. This is slowing
down the pickup in growth by curtailing demand.

Q104. Which of the following points to the fact that there was a variation in the consumption basket
for different sectors?

(i) The fall in consumer confidence, which was 105 in 2020 to 55.5 in 2021.

(ii) The booming of the employment sector and the increase in household income.

(iii) Data signalling a huge number of people slipping below the poverty line.

(iv) The variation in consumption of essentials during the lockdown in 2020 and that in 2021.

Directions : Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Inflation for the last four months has been worryingly high — wholesale price index (WPI) has been
above 10% and consumer price index (CPI) crossed the 6% mark in June, which was above the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‘s tolerance band. This is happening at a time when demand has been
down, unemployment has been high, many have lost incomes and poverty has aggravated. So, why
is there high inflation and does the official data capture the real picture?
In April and May 2020, data on production and prices could not be collected due to the strict
lockdown. Unlock had gradually started in June and July 2020 but normalcy had not returned. So,
the current data on prices for April to July 2021 are not comparable with the same months of 2020.
As such, the official inflation figures for these months in 2021 do not reflect the true picture.
Anyway, a single number for inflation is an aggregate across different commodities and services —
the price rise differs for different items of consumption. So, the single number is arrived at by
assigning weights to different commodities and services. For WPI, the weights in production are
used; for CPI, the consumption basket is used. But people are not homogenous. The consumption
basket is vastly different for the poor, the middle classes, and the rich. Hence, the CPI is different
for each of these classes and a composite index requires averaging the baskets. So, in a sense, it
represents none of the categories.
During lockdown and unlock in 2020, people largely consumed essentials. RBI data show that
consumer confidence fell drastically from 105 in January 2020 to 55.5 by January 2021. That
means, even when the economy started to grow officially, consumer confidence had not recovered.
There occurred a long hiatus for its recovery. Employment and incomes were still down and
according to one report, 230 million slipped below the poverty line.

All this implies that the
consumption basket for different sections of the population had changed. While the consumption
pattern of the well-off sections may have changed little, the poor and middle classes, especially
those who lost jobs and incomes, would have had to cut back on their consumption. Thus, the
weights in the CPI would have changed and inflation required recalculation, but this has not been
done. Consumer confidence was down to 48.6 in July 2021 due to the impact of the second wave of
COVID-19.
In India, 94% work in the unorganised sector and mostly earn low incomes and have little savings.
By definition, they cannot bargain for higher incomes as prices rise, and get hit by inflation. Further,
due to lockdowns, the wages of many declined, both in the unorganised and organised sectors.
This has impacted their family budgets.
Consequently, demand has declined not only for non-essentials but even for essentials. In a
vicious cycle, this is slowing down economic recovery and employment generation. Further, this
impacts the government‘s revenues and tends to increase the budgetary deficit. This puts pressure
on the government to cut back budgetary expenditures, especially on the social sector. That
aggravates poverty and reduces demand further. Thus, inflation in times of low demand and
reduced incomes leads to a vicious cycle of slowing the economy and a growing crisis in the lives of
the poor and unemployed, most of whom belong to the unorganised sector and some to the
organised sector.
The government has increased taxation of energy to raise resources. Since energy is used for all
production, prices of all goods and services tend to rise and push up the rate of inflation. Further,
this is an indirect tax, it is regressive and impacts the poor disproportionately more. It also makes
the RBI‘s task of controlling inflation difficult.
In brief, the current official inflation rate does not correctly measure price rise since the lockdown
administered a shock to the economy. The method of calculating it needed modification. Many of
the non-rich have suffered a double blow due to loss of income and rise in prices. This is slowing
down the pickup in growth by curtailing demand.

Q105. According to the passage, how does the family budget of the people in the unorganised
sector get affected because of inflation?

Directions : Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Inflation for the last four months has been worryingly high — wholesale price index (WPI) has been
above 10% and consumer price index (CPI) crossed the 6% mark in June, which was above the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‘s tolerance band. This is happening at a time when demand has been
down, unemployment has been high, many have lost incomes and poverty has aggravated. So, why
is there high inflation and does the official data capture the real picture?
In April and May 2020, data on production and prices could not be collected due to the strict
lockdown. Unlock had gradually started in June and July 2020 but normalcy had not returned. So,
the current data on prices for April to July 2021 are not comparable with the same months of 2020.
As such, the official inflation figures for these months in 2021 do not reflect the true picture.
Anyway, a single number for inflation is an aggregate across different commodities and services —
the price rise differs for different items of consumption. So, the single number is arrived at by
assigning weights to different commodities and services. For WPI, the weights in production are
used; for CPI, the consumption basket is used. But people are not homogenous. The consumption
basket is vastly different for the poor, the middle classes, and the rich. Hence, the CPI is different
for each of these classes and a composite index requires averaging the baskets. So, in a sense, it
represents none of the categories.
During lockdown and unlock in 2020, people largely consumed essentials. RBI data show that
consumer confidence fell drastically from 105 in January 2020 to 55.5 by January 2021. That
means, even when the economy started to grow officially, consumer confidence had not recovered.
There occurred a long hiatus for its recovery. Employment and incomes were still down and
according to one report, 230 million slipped below the poverty line.

All this implies that the
consumption basket for different sections of the population had changed. While the consumption
pattern of the well-off sections may have changed little, the poor and middle classes, especially
those who lost jobs and incomes, would have had to cut back on their consumption. Thus, the
weights in the CPI would have changed and inflation required recalculation, but this has not been
done. Consumer confidence was down to 48.6 in July 2021 due to the impact of the second wave of
COVID-19.
In India, 94% work in the unorganised sector and mostly earn low incomes and have little savings.
By definition, they cannot bargain for higher incomes as prices rise, and get hit by inflation. Further,
due to lockdowns, the wages of many declined, both in the unorganised and organised sectors.
This has impacted their family budgets.
Consequently, demand has declined not only for non-essentials but even for essentials. In a
vicious cycle, this is slowing down economic recovery and employment generation. Further, this
impacts the government‘s revenues and tends to increase the budgetary deficit. This puts pressure
on the government to cut back budgetary expenditures, especially on the social sector. That
aggravates poverty and reduces demand further. Thus, inflation in times of low demand and
reduced incomes leads to a vicious cycle of slowing the economy and a growing crisis in the lives of
the poor and unemployed, most of whom belong to the unorganised sector and some to the
organised sector.
The government has increased taxation of energy to raise resources. Since energy is used for all
production, prices of all goods and services tend to rise and push up the rate of inflation. Further,
this is an indirect tax, it is regressive and impacts the poor disproportionately more. It also makes
the RBI‘s task of controlling inflation difficult.
In brief, the current official inflation rate does not correctly measure price rise since the lockdown
administered a shock to the economy. The method of calculating it needed modification. Many of
the non-rich have suffered a double blow due to loss of income and rise in prices. This is slowing
down the pickup in growth by curtailing demand.

Q106. A decline in demand for essential and non-essential commodities has an inverse effect on
the government cutting budgetary expenses on the social sector.
According to the passage, this statement is

Directions : Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Inflation for the last four months has been worryingly high — wholesale price index (WPI) has been
above 10% and consumer price index (CPI) crossed the 6% mark in June, which was above the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‘s tolerance band. This is happening at a time when demand has been
down, unemployment has been high, many have lost incomes and poverty has aggravated. So, why
is there high inflation and does the official data capture the real picture?
In April and May 2020, data on production and prices could not be collected due to the strict
lockdown. Unlock had gradually started in June and July 2020 but normalcy had not returned. So,
the current data on prices for April to July 2021 are not comparable with the same months of 2020.
As such, the official inflation figures for these months in 2021 do not reflect the true picture.
Anyway, a single number for inflation is an aggregate across different commodities and services —
the price rise differs for different items of consumption. So, the single number is arrived at by
assigning weights to different commodities and services. For WPI, the weights in production are
used; for CPI, the consumption basket is used. But people are not homogenous. The consumption
basket is vastly different for the poor, the middle classes, and the rich. Hence, the CPI is different
for each of these classes and a composite index requires averaging the baskets. So, in a sense, it
represents none of the categories.
During lockdown and unlock in 2020, people largely consumed essentials. RBI data show that
consumer confidence fell drastically from 105 in January 2020 to 55.5 by January 2021. That
means, even when the economy started to grow officially, consumer confidence had not recovered.
There occurred a long hiatus for its recovery. Employment and incomes were still down and
according to one report, 230 million slipped below the poverty line.

All this implies that the
consumption basket for different sections of the population had changed. While the consumption
pattern of the well-off sections may have changed little, the poor and middle classes, especially
those who lost jobs and incomes, would have had to cut back on their consumption. Thus, the
weights in the CPI would have changed and inflation required recalculation, but this has not been
done. Consumer confidence was down to 48.6 in July 2021 due to the impact of the second wave of
COVID-19.
In India, 94% work in the unorganised sector and mostly earn low incomes and have little savings.
By definition, they cannot bargain for higher incomes as prices rise, and get hit by inflation. Further,
due to lockdowns, the wages of many declined, both in the unorganised and organised sectors.
This has impacted their family budgets.
Consequently, demand has declined not only for non-essentials but even for essentials. In a
vicious cycle, this is slowing down economic recovery and employment generation. Further, this
impacts the government‘s revenues and tends to increase the budgetary deficit. This puts pressure
on the government to cut back budgetary expenditures, especially on the social sector. That
aggravates poverty and reduces demand further. Thus, inflation in times of low demand and
reduced incomes leads to a vicious cycle of slowing the economy and a growing crisis in the lives of
the poor and unemployed, most of whom belong to the unorganised sector and some to the
organised sector.
The government has increased taxation of energy to raise resources. Since energy is used for all
production, prices of all goods and services tend to rise and push up the rate of inflation. Further,
this is an indirect tax, it is regressive and impacts the poor disproportionately more. It also makes
the RBI‘s task of controlling inflation difficult.
In brief, the current official inflation rate does not correctly measure price rise since the lockdown
administered a shock to the economy. The method of calculating it needed modification. Many of
the non-rich have suffered a double blow due to loss of income and rise in prices. This is slowing
down the pickup in growth by curtailing demand.

Q107. Why does the author say that the present inflation rate is inaccurate and the method of
calculation requires modification?

Directions : Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Inflation for the last four months has been worryingly high — wholesale price index (WPI) has been
above 10% and consumer price index (CPI) crossed the 6% mark in June, which was above the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‘s tolerance band. This is happening at a time when demand has been
down, unemployment has been high, many have lost incomes and poverty has aggravated. So, why
is there high inflation and does the official data capture the real picture?
In April and May 2020, data on production and prices could not be collected due to the strict
lockdown. Unlock had gradually started in June and July 2020 but normalcy had not returned. So,
the current data on prices for April to July 2021 are not comparable with the same months of 2020.
As such, the official inflation figures for these months in 2021 do not reflect the true picture.
Anyway, a single number for inflation is an aggregate across different commodities and services —
the price rise differs for different items of consumption. So, the single number is arrived at by
assigning weights to different commodities and services. For WPI, the weights in production are
used; for CPI, the consumption basket is used. But people are not homogenous. The consumption
basket is vastly different for the poor, the middle classes, and the rich. Hence, the CPI is different
for each of these classes and a composite index requires averaging the baskets. So, in a sense, it
represents none of the categories.
During lockdown and unlock in 2020, people largely consumed essentials. RBI data show that
consumer confidence fell drastically from 105 in January 2020 to 55.5 by January 2021. That
means, even when the economy started to grow officially, consumer confidence had not recovered.
There occurred a long hiatus for its recovery. Employment and incomes were still down and
according to one report, 230 million slipped below the poverty line.

All this implies that the
consumption basket for different sections of the population had changed. While the consumption
pattern of the well-off sections may have changed little, the poor and middle classes, especially
those who lost jobs and incomes, would have had to cut back on their consumption. Thus, the
weights in the CPI would have changed and inflation required recalculation, but this has not been
done. Consumer confidence was down to 48.6 in July 2021 due to the impact of the second wave of
COVID-19.
In India, 94% work in the unorganised sector and mostly earn low incomes and have little savings.
By definition, they cannot bargain for higher incomes as prices rise, and get hit by inflation. Further,
due to lockdowns, the wages of many declined, both in the unorganised and organised sectors.
This has impacted their family budgets.
Consequently, demand has declined not only for non-essentials but even for essentials. In a
vicious cycle, this is slowing down economic recovery and employment generation. Further, this
impacts the government‘s revenues and tends to increase the budgetary deficit. This puts pressure
on the government to cut back budgetary expenditures, especially on the social sector. That
aggravates poverty and reduces demand further. Thus, inflation in times of low demand and
reduced incomes leads to a vicious cycle of slowing the economy and a growing crisis in the lives of
the poor and unemployed, most of whom belong to the unorganised sector and some to the
organised sector.
The government has increased taxation of energy to raise resources. Since energy is used for all
production, prices of all goods and services tend to rise and push up the rate of inflation. Further,
this is an indirect tax, it is regressive and impacts the poor disproportionately more. It also makes
the RBI‘s task of controlling inflation difficult.
In brief, the current official inflation rate does not correctly measure price rise since the lockdown
administered a shock to the economy. The method of calculating it needed modification. Many of
the non-rich have suffered a double blow due to loss of income and rise in prices. This is slowing
down the pickup in growth by curtailing demand.

Q108. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?

Q109. Which of the following is a near synonym of the word ‘hiatus‘?

Q110. Which of the following is a near antonym of the word ‘curtail‘?