Computer Knowledge PYQs

The first web browser was developed in 1990 by Tim Berners - Lee.

Important Points

• Web browser is a software program that allows a user to locate, access, and display web pages.
• Browser rendering engine. Software that renders HTML pages (Web pages).
• Mozilla Firefox is a free and open - source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, Mozilla Corporation.
• Internet Explorer (or IE) is a free graphical browser maintained by Microsoft.

List of Top Web Browsers

1. Google Chrome
2. Mozilla Firefox
3. Opera
4. Safari
5. Internet Explorer
6. Netscape Browser
7. UC Browser

The correct option is 2 i.e., Scanner.

• The scanner is not an output device.
• The scanner is an input device.
• Flat-screen is an output device.
• LCD is an output device.
• LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display.
• LCD uses liquid crystals in its primary form of operation.
• A plotter is a computer hardware device that is used for printing vector graphics.

The correct answer is Trash

Key Points

• The Trash folder is where any emails have been deleted.
• This folder also indicates the mail which has been automatically deleted, are sent.
• The Trash folder will empty every time we log out of Message Center, and all of the messages will be permanently deleted.
• If we delete an e-mail from your inbox, it will initially be put into the Trash folder.
• The e-mail will only be permanently deleted if we delete it in the Trash folder or empty the trash, or if the e-mail's storage time has expired.
• Permanently deleted e-mail cannot be recovered.
• The default storage time for an email in the Trash folder is 1 day.
• We can customize the storage time for an email in the Trash folder.
• It is present at the left below the compose window in the email window.

Additional Information 

Important Components of Compose Mail

The correct option is 1 i.e., Ransomware.

Key Points

• Ransomware is used with the intention of extorting money.
• Ransomware is a type of malware program that infects and takes control of a system.

Additional Information 

• Spyware is unwanted software that infiltrates your computing device, stealing your internet usage data and

sensitive information.

• Adware, or advertising-supported software, is software that generates revenue for its developer by automatically

generating online advertisements.

• Malware stands for malicious software.
• Malware is any software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems.

The correct answer is CA#20.

Key Points

• A cell reference or cell address is a combination of a column letter and a row number that identifies a cell on a worksheet.
• For example, A1 refers to the cell at the intersection of column A and row 1; B2 refers to the second cell in column B, and so on.
• A range reference is represented by the address of the upper-left cell and the lower right cell separated with a colon.
• There exist two address styles in Excel: A1 and R1C1.
• A1 is the default style used most of the time. In this style, columns are defined by letters and rows by numbers, i.e. A1 designates a cell in column A, row 1.
• R1C1 is the style where both rows and columns are identified by numbers, i.e. R1C1 designates a cell in row 1, column 1.
• There are three types of cell references in Excel:
• A relative reference is the one without the $ sign in the row and column coordinates, like A1 or A1:B10. By default, all cell addresses in Excel are relative.
• An absolute reference is the one with the dollar sign ($) in the row or column coordinates, like $A$1 or $A$1:$B$10.
• A mixed reference contains one relative and one absolute coordinate, like $A1 or A$1.

The correct answer is the Internet.

Key Points

• The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world.
• It includes several high-bandwidth data lines that comprise the Internet "backbone".
• These lines are connected to major Internet hubs that distribute data to other locations, such as web servers and Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

Additional Information

• Vint Cerf is widely known as the father of the Internet.
• Vint is the co-designer with Robert Kahn of TCP/IP protocols and basic architecture of the Internet.
• Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf were the two who first invented the internet.
• The first web page went live on August 6, 1991.

The correct answer is All files and sub-folders in the current folder are selected.

Key Points

• When you open a folder in Windows 10 OS and press the CTRL+A key, All files and sub-folders in the current folder are selected.

The correct answer is Ctrl + Z.

• Undo is a technique or a command which is implemented in many computer programs.
• It erases the last change done to the document.

Key Points

• We can undo, redo, or repeat many actions in Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel.
• With the help of undo command, the users can explore and work without fear of making mistakes, because changes can be made whenever required.
• The opposite of undo is Redo.
• The redo command reverses the undo command.
• In Microsoft Windows applications, the keyboard shortcut for the Undo command is Ctrl+Z or Alt+Backspace, and the shortcut for Redo is Ctrl+Y or Ctrl+Shift+Z.

The correct answer is Windows Logo Key + Down Arrow Key.

Key Points

• Windows
• It is a family of operating systems for personal computers.
• Windows provides a graphical user interface, virtual memory management, and support for various peripheral services.
• Windows Logo Key + Down Arrow Key​
• It is a shortcut key is used to minimize the active window.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ctrl+5.

Key Points

• The shortcut for the strikethrough effect in Excel 2010 is Ctrl + 5.
• The strikethrough function indicates that information in a cell should be ignored, but do not want to delete that information.
• This effect is applied to the information if copy and paste it into another spreadsheet or document.
• Navigation: Home > Format cell > Font button at the bottom-right corner of the Font section in the ribbon > Check or uncheck the box to the left of Strikethrough.

Additional Information

• Other shortcut keys in Excel 2010:

The correct answer is Word wrap.

Key Points

• Line breaking, also known as word wrapping, is breaking a section of text into lines so that it will fit into the available width of a page, window, or another display area.
• In-text display, line wrap is continuing on a new line when a line is full, so that each line fits into the viewable window, allowing text to be read from top to bottom without any horizontal scrolling.
• Word wrap is the additional feature of most text editors, word processors, and web browsers, of breaking lines between words rather than within words, where possible.

Additional Information

• Autocorrection, also known as text replacement, replace-as-you-type, or simply autocorrect, is an automatic data validation function commonly found in word processors and text editing interfaces for smartphones and tablet computers.
• The AutoFormat feature automatically formats a document as you type it by applying the associated styles to text.

The correct answer is Video Graphics Array.

Key Points

VGA is Video Graphics Array which is a computer chipset standard for displaying colour graphics. 

Additional Information

• VGA is a popular display standard developed by IBM and introduced in 1987.
• It provides 640 x 480 resolution color display screens with a refresh rate of 60 Hz and 16 colors displayed at a time.
• VGA utilizes analog signals, which means it's only capable of lower resolutions and a lower quality display on screens.
• The VGA connector is used for display devices and is used to connect a computer to a monitor, projector, or TV.

The correct answer is hard disk.

• A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage and one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.

Key Points

Computer storage is of two types: 

• Primary Storage Devices: It is also known as internal memory and main memory.
• This is a section of the CPU that holds program instructions, input data, and intermediate results.
• It is generally smaller in size. RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory) are examples of primary storage.
• Secondary Storage Devices: Secondary storage is a memory that is stored external to the computer.
• It is mainly used for the permanent and long-term storage of programs and data.
• Hard Disk, CD, DVD, Pen/Flash drive, SSD, etc, are examples of secondary storage.

A software interrupts often occurs when an application software terminates or when it requests the operating system for some service. This is quite unlike a hardware interrupt, which occurs at the hardware level. 

Key Points

• A software interrupt only communicates with the kernel and indirectly interrupts the central processing unit.
• All software interrupts are associated with an interrupt handler, which is actually just a routine that is activated when an interrupt happens.
• Only one bit of information is communicated during a software interrupt.
• A software interrupt is used to perform an input/output request.

Therefore, A trap, also known as a software interrupt, is an instruction that explicitly generates an exception condition.

Additional Information

• A query can either be a request for data results from your database or for action on the data, or for both.
• A query can give you an answer to a simple question, perform calculations, combine data from different tables, add, change, or delete data from a database.
• Interrupt handling is a key function in real-time software and comprises interrupts and their handlers. 
• An interrupt is a hardware signal from a device to the CPU. It tells the CPU that the device needs attention and that the CPU should stop performing what it is doing and respond to the device.
• If the CPU is available (it is not performing a task with higher priority, such as servicing a higher-priority interrupt), it suspends the current thread and eventually invokes the interrupt handler for that device.
• The job of the interrupt handler is to service the device and stop it from interrupting. Once the handler returns, the CPU resumes what it was doing before the interrupt occurred.
• A trigger is a stored procedure in the database which automatically invokes whenever a special event in the database occurs.

The correct answer is Design tab.

• Themes could be found in Design tab.
• The Design Tab contains all the features to change the look of your document in one place.

Additional Information

• To find out how to format your document using the design tab follow these simple instructions.

• To format your document with a theme

• Select Design (tab) | Document Formatting (group) | Themes (drop-down button)

• Select a theme from the drop-down list.

The correct answer is Graphical User Interface.

Key Points

• An operating system enables a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, icons, visual metaphors, and pointing devices. It is classified in Graphical User Interface.
• A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface through which users interact with electronic devices via visual indicator representations.
• GUIs graphically display information and related user controls, unlike text-based interfaces, where data and commands are strictly in text.
• Today, each OS has its own GUI (such as Ubuntu for Linux). Software applications (Microsoft Word and Excel, or Adobe Photoshop) use these and add additional GUIs of their own.
• A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry out commands, such as opening, deleting, and moving files.

Additional Information

• A Command Line Interface connects a user to a computer program or operating system. Through the CLI, users interact with a system or application by typing in the text (commands).

The correct answer is 48.

Key Points

• A media access control address (MAC) is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.
• This use is common in most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-fi, and Bluetooth.
• Every NIC ( Network Interface Controller) has a hardware address that's known as a MAC, for media access control where IP addresses are associated with TCP/IP (networking software), MAC addresses are linked to the hardware of network adapters.

Additional Information 

• MAC addresses are recognizable as six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated, by hyphens, colons, or without a separator.
• A MAC address is a 48-bit number.
• A network interface controller is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

The correct answer is encoder.

• An encoder converts information from one format or code to another. An encoder can be used to encode the decimal number to binary number.

​ 

Accumulator:

• An accumulator is a general-purpose register of microprocessor. It is used to store result of most arithmetic and Logical Operations performed in 8085.

Some examples of decimal to binary conversion are:

• 0 → 0
• 1 → 01
• 2 → 10
• 3 → 11
• 4 → 100
• 5 → 101
• 6 → 110
• 7 → 111
• 8 → 1000
• 9 → 1001

ALU:

• ALU stands for arithmetic logic unit. ALU contains circuits that perform arithmetic operations such as Addition/subtraction and Logical operations such as XOR, AND etc

Memory:

• Memory is a storage device that is used to store data as well as instructions that are to be executed by the microprocessor.

In excel, merger option allows users to bring together copies of workbooks that other users gave worked on independently.

In HTML, the following 2 syntax are used to make the text BOLD

• <b>
• <strong>

They both have the same functioning.

Note that, the <em> tag is used to define emphasized text. The content inside is typically displayed in italic.