Microsoft Excel's power is in its ability to calculate and display results from data entered into its cells. To calculate anything in Excel, you need to enter formulas into its cells. Formulas can be simple arithmetical formulas or complicated formulas involving conditional statements and nested functions.

All Excel formulas use a basic syntax.

In MS Excel, formulas are equations that perform various calculations in your worksheets.

• All Excel formulas begin with an equal to sign (=)
• After the equal symbol, you enter either a calculation or function
• For example, to add up values in cells B1 through B5, you can either:
• Type the entire equation: = B1+B2+B3+B4+B5
• Use the SUM function: = SUM(B1: B5)
• Press the Enter key to complete the formula

The correct answer is tab

• Tab key should be pressed continuously while moving a column in MS Excel.
• A tab key is generally used in a document for proper spacing and enhancing readability by adjusting the text in the document.
• It can also be used for moving a cursor across the screen and for indenting a paragraph while the user is working with the document.

• DOS (Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers
• Oracle Database (Oracle) is a multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation
• Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems based on the Linux kernel
• Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Scanner.

• Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of the computer for further manipulation.
• Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into a digital form that can be stored on the disk. These images can be edited before they are printed.
• Digitizer is an input device which converts analog information into digital form.
• Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
• Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball which is half inserted and by moving fingers on the ball, the pointer can be moved.
• Light pen is a pointing device similar to a pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube.

The correct answer is option 5) i.e. Nvidia.

Additional Information

• A computer's central processing unit (CPU) is the central brain of the computer.
• Major manufacturers of CPU are Advanced micro devices (AMD) , Intel, IBM, Texas Instruments, Motorola.
• Nvidia, is an American technology company. It designs graphics processing units for the gaming and professional markets, as well as system on a chip units for the mobile computing and automotive market.

The correct answer is Backspace

Important Points

• When you press the Backspace (Windows) or delete key (macOS), it removes text to the left of the cursor. If you need to remove text to the right of the cursor, press the Delete key.
• The Backspace key has one function: delete text to the left of the cursor. In some Internet browsers, you can also press the Backspace key to go back to the previous page. However, most browsers today use the shortcut combination Alt+left arrow key instead.

Additional Information

• The keys on your keyboard can be divided into several groups based on function:
• Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol keys found on a traditional typewriter.​
• Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are Ctrl, Alt, the Windows logo key

, and Esc.

• Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They are labeled as F1, F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from program to program.
• Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or webpages and editing text. They include the arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Delete, and Insert.
• Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine.
• The following illustration shows how these keys are arranged on a typical keyboard. Your keyboard layout might be different.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. Open office.

• Apache OpenOffice is an open-source office productivity software suite. It is one of the successor projects of OpenOffice.org and the designated successor of IBM Lotus Symphony.
• Outlook, Access, Visual studio express, Windows are developed by Microsoft.

The http is the protocol which refers to hypertext transfer protocol and is used as host to access the particular page on the World Wide Web.

• Taskbar is a bar used to launch and monitor running applications.
• It is usually found at the bottom of the screen, however it can be placed at the left, right or the top section of the desktop

The correct answer is References

• A footnote is a note that appears at the bottom of a page that is commonly used by writers to cite other authors' publications in their document. We will show you how to manage footnotes in Microsoft Word.
• Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page and endnotes come at the end of the document. A number or symbol on the footnote or endnote matches up with a reference mark in the document.
• To start inserting a footnote place your mouse cursor at the document where you want to put the footnote and click the ‘Insert Footnote’ button under the ‘Reference’ tab. On the References tab, ‘Insert Footnote’ and ‘Insert Endnote’ appears.
• Word automatically assigns a number and a line separator at the bottom of the page when we insert a footnote.
• Each footnote will be marked as a superscript number beside each reference point in the document.

Coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and optical fibre cables are guided media whereas electric cable is not used in computer networks.

Twisted pair cable: 1000 Mbps

Coaxial cable: 10 mbps

Optical fibre: 2Gbps

Among the following mentioned options The most common pointing input device is mouse which enables the user to point the cursor and click where the user wants to use it.

• The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system and uses the digits 0 to 7.
• Octal numerals can be made from binary numerals by grouping consecutive binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).
• For example, the binary representation for decimal 74 is 1001010.
• Two zeroes can be added at the left: (00)1 001 010, corresponding the octal digits 1 1 2, yielding the octal representation 112.

The correct answer is constraint-based languages.

Key Points

Programming languages are classified in variety of ways and generation is one of them.

• Generation are further classified as: First-generation, second-generation, third-generation, fourth-generation, fifth-generation.
• Fifth generation language is applied to logic and constraint-based languages like Prolog.

Additional Information

• Assembly languages → Second-generation
• Machine languages → First-generation
• High Level language → Third-generation

A compiler is used to convert the source code (written in the high-level language) into machine language. There are three  different kinds of language translator which help in converting programming languages to machine language. These are assembler, compiler, and interpreter.

GUI is NOT an image or a graphic file format.

Important Points

• GUI or Graphic user interface has nothing to do with graphic files as it is a type of interface which allows users to interact through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Additional Information

• PNG or portable network graphics is an extension given to a graphic file.
• It was created to replace another format i.e. GIF or Graphic interchange format.
• BMP or Bitmap file is another extension used to create usually image files.

VGA stands for Video Graphics Array. It is the hardware used for displaying visuals and is nowadays used as a standard visual standard.

With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses, shown in the following table.

• The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.

Key Points

• Generation in the computer is nothing but the evolution in different forms of computer.
• Every time new hardware technology is used.
• Each generation involves different hardware and software components that make it form a Computer system.
• There is a total of 5 Generations known to date.
• Each generation has different characteristics that are shown in the table below.

The correct answer is .doc.

Key Points

• Paint is a simple graphics painting program that has been included with all versions of Microsoft Windows. It is often referred to as MS Paint.
• The programs open and save files as windows btmap.
• JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
• GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
• PNG: Portable Network Graphics
• TIFF: Tagged Image File Format

.doc is a filename extension for word processing documents (MS Word).