Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is System Software.

Key Points

• System software:- System software controls internal computer operations. In either case, the system software area is characterized by heavy interaction with computer hardware; heavy usage by multiple users; a concurrent operation that requires scheduling, resource sharing, and sophisticated process management; complex data structure; and multiple external interfaces.

Additional Information 

• System software is a collection of programs written to service other programs.
• Some system software (e.g., compilers, editors, and file management utilities) processes complex, but determinate, information structures.
• System software is programs that manage the resources of the computer system and simplify applications programming.
• System software is made to be as fast as possible to provide an effective platform for higher-level software.a
• The system has three basic types of software:
• Application programs
• device drivers
• operating systems

The correct answer is Gigahertz (GHz).

Key Points

• The speed that a CPU works at is measured in hertz (Hz). Modern processors often run so fast that gigahertz (GHz) is used instead.
• One gigahertz is one billion cycles per second.

The correct answer is 1024 megabytes.

• Gigabyte(GB) refers to 1024 megabytes(MB).

Key Points

• Computer memory and disk space are measured in these units,etc.
• Tabular Representation of various Memory Size.​​​
• | Name | Equal To | | --- | --- | | Bit | 1 Bit | | Nibble | 4 Bits | | Byte | 8 Bits | | Kilobyte | 1024 Bytes | | Megabyte | 1, 024 Kilobytes | | Gigabyte | 1, 024 Megabytes | | Terrabyte | 1, 024 Gigabytes | | Petabyte | 1, 024 Terabytes | | Exabyte | 1, 024 Petabytes | | Zettabyte | 1, 024 Exabytes | | Yottabyte | 1, 024 Zettabytes |

The correct answer is magnetic tape, magnetic disk, main memory, register 

Key Points

• The hierarchy of storage devices in terms of decreasing access time. Answer covered: register, main memory, magnetic disk, magnetic tape

Additional Information

• Registers: These are the smallest and fastest type of memory in a computer. They sit within the CPU (Central Processing Unit) itself and are used for storing the immediate data that the CPU needs to perform computations. The number of registers, which can vary depending on the CPU's architecture, is limited because they are expensive and consume more power.
• Cache memory (or CPU Cache): This is a very fast and small amount of memory that is built directly into the CPU or located next to it. It is used to store frequently used data to decrease the time needed to access this data. The cache memory is faster to access than RAM. There are usually multiple levels of cache (L1, L2, L3, etc.), with L1 being the fastest and smallest, and each subsequent level being larger and moderately slower.
• Main memory (RAM - Random Access Memory): Main memory is a type of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. It is much larger than the cache but slower to access. RAM is volatile, which means it loses its content once power is turned off.
• Secondary memory (Hard Disk, Solid State Drives): Also known as storage, it is non-volatile, meaning it retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. Magnetic Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives (SSD) are the most common examples. SSDs are faster but more expensive than HDDs.
• Optical Disks: Storage devices which use lasers to read/write data, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs. They usually have less storage capacity and slower access times than hard drives but are useful for distributing software, music, and movies due to their portability.
• Magnetic Tape: These are used primarily for data backup and archiving. They can store larges amounts of data affordably but have very slow access times because they are a sequential access data storage device, meaning data must be read in the order it was originally written which is slower than the direct access provided by disks.

All these types of memory and storage form part of a system's memory hierarchy, which manages access speed, cost, size, and volatility.

The correct answer is option 5.

Concept:

Phishing scams are online fraud that targets customers by sending them an e-mail that looks to come from a trusted source, such as an internet service provider, bank, or mortgage firm. It requests personally identifying information from the customer. Phishing scams are attempts by individuals to access confidential data from you by falsifying their identity.

• The information is then used by a fraudster to establish new accounts or infiltrate the consumer's current accounts. Consumers may prevent phishing scams by avoiding replying to e-mails or pop-up messages that solicit personal or financial information, among other things.
• Phishing is a hacker's effort to deceive you into exposing personal information such as online banking passwords or credit card numbers.

Hence the correct answer is Phishing scams*.*

• A firewall acts like a security guard for a computer or network.
• It checks incoming and outgoing data traffic.
• If the traffic is unauthorized or unsafe, the firewall blocks it.
• Therefore, the main function of a firewall is blocking unauthorized access.

The correct answer is Worm.

Key Points

• Worm 
• A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
• A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole.
• Worm Uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself.
• Many worms are designed only to spread and do not attempt to change the systems they pass through.
• The first-ever computer worm was devised to be anti-virus software.

Additional Information

• Trojan horse
• A Trojan horse is a type of malicious code or software that looks legitimate but takes control of your computer.
• A Trojan is designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general, inflict some other harmful action on your data or network.
• A Trojan acts as a bona fide application or file to trick you.
• Application
• An application program is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users.
• Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software or published separately and may be coded as proprietary, open-source, or projects.
• Operating System
• An operating system is a software program required to manage and operate a computing device like smartphones, tablets, computers, supercomputers, web servers, cars, network towers, etc.
• It is the operating system that eliminates the need to know coding language to interact with computing devices.

The correct answer is wireless connectivity between various devices/equipment over short distances.

Key Points

• Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows the exchange of data within a short distance.
• It uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves.
• Bluetooth waves don't travel very far and keep switching frequencies constantly.

Additional Information

• The maximum connectivity range of a Bluetooth device is about 30 feet.
• Jaap Haartsen invented Bluetooth technology while working in conjunction with Ericsson.

The correct answer is Linux.

Key Points

• Linux is a multiuser and open-source operating system.
• ​Open Source operating systems are released under a license where the copyright holder allows others to study, change as well as distribute the software to other people.​
• Linux
• It was invented by Linus Torvalds in the year 1991.
• It builds communication between the hardware and the software.
• It is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
• It is a very secure operating system, hence malware and viruses cannot attack the operating system.
• It is also multiprogramming, and multitasking like other kinds of operating systems and as well as it supports multi-user.
• The Linux operating system is free to install in the system.​
• Solaris
• It is a Unix-like operating system developed by Sun Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle).​
• Solaris is developed under a proprietary development model, and only the source for open-source components of Solaris 11 is available for download from Oracle.
• Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.
• Unix
• ​It is a computer operating system developed in the 1960s at the Bell Labs research centre.
• It was written in Assembly Language.
• UNIX can support a large number of users and processes simultaneously, making it well-suited for use on servers and other high-performance systems.
• UNIX was designed to be portable, meaning that it can be easily adapted to run on different hardware platforms. This has made it a popular choice for use on a wide variety of computers, including mainframes, servers, and desktop systems.
• Windows 7
• It is the Microsoft Windows operating system (OS) released commercially in October 2009 as the successor to Windows Vista.​
• It is built on the Windows Vista kernel.
• Windows 7 also includes a feature called "Windows Touch" that supports touchscreen input and multitouch functionality.
• It was replaced in November 2012 by Windows 8.

The correct answer is Ctrl + H.

• Use the shortcut Ctrl+H or navigate to Home > Editing > Replace to reach the Find and Replace dialog box.

Important Points

The correct answer is : option 5 ( Register Memory)

Key Points 

Access time refers to the time taken to read from or write to a memory location. The memory hierarchy is designed such that the fastest memories are closest to the CPU.

Register Memory: Registers are the smallest and fastest memory locations located directly inside the CPU. They have the shortest access time (typically 1 clock cycle) because they are integrated into the CPU and are used to hold data that is being processed immediately.

Cache memory: This is very fast memory (SRAM) that sits between the CPU and main memory (RAM). It has a longer access time than registers but is faster than RAM.

RAM (Random Access Memory): This is the main volatile memory (DRAM) with access times slower than cache and registers.

Magnetic core memory: This is an obsolete type of memory used in early computers. It is non-volatile but has much slower access times compared to modern semiconductor memories.

Magnetic bubble memory: This is a non-volatile memory technology from the past that uses magnetic domains. It is slower than semiconductor memories like RAM and cache.

Why Register Memory has the shortest access time:

Registers are part of the CPU itself and are accessed directly during execution. Their access time is minimal (often within a single CPU clock cycle), making them the fastest memory in the hierarchy.

The correct answer is Tracks.

• Tracks are the other name for concentric circles on the platter of the hard disk. A disk drive track is a circular path on the surface of a disk or diskette on which information is magnetically recorded and from which recorded information is read.
• A track is a physical division of data in a disk drive, as used in the Cylinder-Head-Record (CHR) addressing mode of a CKD disk. The concept is concentric, through the physical platters, being a data circle per each cylinder of the whole disk drive.
• In other words, the number of tracks on a single surface in the drive exactly equals the number of cylinders of the drive.
• A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is a data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
• The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces

The correct answer is Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, 1955

Key Points

• India’s first computer was installed in 1955 in Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta (now called Kolkata).

History of India’s first computer

• The age of computers in India began in 1955 with the installation of HEC-2M
• HEC-2M was a computer designed by A.D.Booth in England
• The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) at Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the first institute to have the privilege.
• India bought its first computer for the amount of Rs 10 lakh.
• It was also recognized as a number-crunching machine with a huge size.

The computer age in India began in 1955 with the installation of HEC-2M (a computer designed by A.D.Booth in England) at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) at Calcutta (now Kolkata)

The correct answer is Trackball.

Key Points

• A trackball is an input device used to enter motion data into computers or other electronic devices.
• Trackballs designed for computers usually serve as mouse replacements and are essentially used to move the cursor on the screen.
• An input device forwards information to a computer system for processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer.
• Output device reproduces or displays the results of the processing. Output devices only receive the output of data from another device.

Scanner takes input from graphical images and pictures by scanning and send it to computer.. 

Explanation:

• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) which incorporates all the core functions of CPU (Central Processing Unit).
• RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer.
• A reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer instruction set that allows a computer's microprocessor to have fewer cycles per instruction (CPI) than a complex instruction set computer (CISC).

The correct answer is Autofill.

Key Points 

• Autofill in spreadsheet applications, such as Microsoft Excel, provides an easy way to fill in empty cells. After entering information in one or two cells, you can drag the fill handle (the small box in the lower-right corner of the current selection) across multiple cells to automatically fill them in with similar data. Autofill can be used for both rows (horizontally) and columns (vertically).
• For example, if you enter "1" in cell A1, then drag the fill handle downwards, autofill will automatically fill in the selected cells with the number 1. If you enter "1" in A1 and "2" in A2, then select both A1 and A2, then drag the fill handle downwards, it will increment the values in the cells. A3 will become "3," A4 will become "4," etc. If you enter "2" in A1 and "4" in A2, the values will increment by two. For example, A3 will become "6," A4 will become "8," etc.

Additional Information 

• Autofill is a software function that automatically enters data in web forms and spreadsheets. It should not be confused with autocomplete or autocorrect, which perform separate functions. Autocomplete finishes words or phrases while typing, and autocorrect automatically fixes spelling mistakes.
• While both web browsers and spreadsheet applications support autofill, the functionality is different.

The correct answer is Ctrl+A

To select the entire document the keyboard shortcut CTRL+A is used. ​

Additional Information

Word shortcut keys

• Ctrl + A -- Select all contents of the page.
• Ctrl + B -- Bold highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + C -- Copy selected text.
• Ctrl + X -- Cut selected text.
• Ctrl + N -- Open new/blank document.
• Ctrl + O -- Open options.
• Ctrl + P -- Open the print window.
• Ctrl + F -- Open find box.

The correct answer is Draft.

Key Points

• A draft is simply an email message you haven't yet sent.
• The Drafts folder is where you keep email messages that you have not yet completed or plan to send at a later time.
• It is an email message you close by choosing File→Save or closing the window rather than clicking the Send button.
• This act places the message into the Drafts folder.
• Drafts in Gmail contains the emails which are composed but not sent.​

Additional Information

• Inbox by Gmail scans the user's incoming Gmail messages for information.
• It gathers email messages related to the same overall topic to an organized bundle with a title describing the bundle's content.
• The service highlights key details and important information in messages, such as flight itineraries, event information, and photos and documents.
• Sent- The message successfully sent to the recipient.
• Once the message has been sent, most e-mail programs move the message to the "Sent" or "Sent Messages" folder.

The correct option is (4)

Ctrl + S

Key Points

• The options in the File menu, Save the page, or Save As page, which you can access from the normal or editing view, are included in this table along with the shortcuts for saving and renaming Microsoft 365 files using those options. Use Ctrl+S to rapidly save a file.
• If you want to create a new document, change the filename, or file format, or save the file in a different location on your computer, you must save the current document first. use the Ctrl+Shift+S keyboard shortcut.
• Save a Copy has taken the position of Word, Excel, and PowerPoint's Save As feature. Do the following in order to save a copy of a file: Choose File > Save a Copy. Choose a location to save the file. After entering a file name, select Save a Copy.

Additional Information

• To open the slide show settings in PowerPoint, use Alt+S on the keyboard.
• The system information window is opened by pressing Ctrl, Alt, and S.