Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is Vint Cerf.

Key Points

• Internet 
• It is a Worldwide system of Network that connects computers all over the world.
• People can communicate anywhere and anyone with an internet connection.

Additional Information

• Important Fathers of Science and Technology fields.

The correct answer is Query language.

Key Points

The various generations of computers are listed below:

GUI is NOT an image or a graphic file format.

Important Points

• GUI or Graphic user interface has nothing to do with graphic files as it is a type of interface which allows users to interact through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Additional Information

• PNG or portable network graphics is an extension given to a graphic file.
• It was created to replace another format i.e. GIF or Graphic interchange format.
• BMP or Bitmap file is another extension used to create usually image files.

A window is an area on the screen that displays information for a specific program. This often includes the user interface GUI as well as the program content. Windows are used by most applications as well as the operating system itself.

The correct answer is Nibble.

• A half byte is called a Nibble.

Key Points

• One byte is equal to 8 bits.
• One kilobit is equal to 1000 bits.
• One kilobyte is equal to 8000 bits.
• One kibibit is equal to 1024 bits.
• One kibibyte is equal to 8192 bits.
• One Megabit is equal to 1000000 bits.
• One Megabyte is equal to 8000000 bits.

The correct option is (2)

Microsoft

Concept:-

Bing, a search engine launched in 2009 by the American software company Microsoft Corporation.

Important Points

• Microsoft is the owner of Bing. Microsoft, a competitive competitor in the high-tech industry, developed Bing to directly compete with the Google search engine.
• Bing is what Microsoft refers to as a "decision engine," which means that it works to comprehend users' search terms and provide better search results than a standard search engine, assisting users in making smarter choices.
• Microsoft, more than any other firm, has helped customers find ways to incorporate computing into their daily lives through its marketing and products.

Additional Information yahoo!:- Yahoo is a media and technology firm that offers users a variety of digital platforms, goods, and services.

Google:- Google is a search engine that was created in 1996 as a research project at Stanford University by Sergey Brin and Larry Page to locate files on the internet.

AOL:- AOL is a New York City-based American web portal and online service provider. The present iteration of Yahoo Inc. markets the brand.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key PointsOption 1: The username and the domain name are separated by @ (at) symbol.

True, The @ (at) symbol is used to separate the user id from the domain name in the e-mail address.

Ex: 

operations@testbook.com

ram@gmail.com

Here user-id is operations and ram.

The domain is Gmail and testbook.

Option 2: E-mail addresses are case-sensitive.

False, Email addresses are not case sensitive. Having letters in all lowercase makes the email address easier to read, but the oversight won't stop your messages from being delivered.

Hence the correct answer is i is true, ii is false.

The correct answer is RAM.

Key Points

• The word RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a very fast internal memory of the CPU. It holds data temporarily. After switching off the computer, data are deleted from the RAM. A CPU directly interacts with RAM to access data during a program’s execution. There are two variants of RAM. These are SRAM and DRAM.
• The word SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory. The SRAM is comparatively the fastest memory. SRAM chips use a matrix of 6-transistors and no capacitors. There is an additional area within the matrix, thence SRAM uses a lot of chips than DRAM for an equivalent quantity of space for storing, creating the producing prices higher. SRAM is therefore used as cache memory and has no time access. The word DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. DRAM always refresh itself to maintain the organised data. This is done by putting the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the information many hundred times per second. DRAM is employed for many system memory because it is affordable and tiny in size. DRAMs are created from memory cells, that are composed of 1 capacitor and one electronic transistor.

Thus the correct answer is RAM.

 Additional Information

• ROM: The word ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is permanent memory that the user will solely read but cannot write of it. This sort of memory is non-volatile. The data is kept for good in such recollections throughout manufacture. A memory stores such directions that are needed to begin a computing system. This operation is remarked as bootstrap. Memory chips don't seem to be solely utilized in the computing system however conjointly in different electronic things like cleaning machines and microwave ovens. MROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM are the types of ROM.
• Hard disk: The hard disk is recognised as secondary memory. It is permanent in nature. The size of the hard disk is depending on the users' requirements.
• Magnetic tape: The magnetic tape is the primary storage unit which is circular in size. Audio files, video files are recorded by using the magnetic tapes.

A number system includes the number of independent digits used in the number system (the base), the place values of the different digits constituting the number and the maximum numbers that can be written with the given number of digits.

The Binary Number System: The binary number system with only two independent digits, 0 and 1, is a base-2 number system. All larger binary numbers are represented in terms of ‘0’ and ‘1’.

Decimal to Binary Conversion:

Step 1: Divide 10 by 2 to get the Quotient. Keep the Whole part for the next step and set the Remainder aside.

10 / 2 = 5 with 0 remainder

Step 2: Divide the Whole part of the Quotient from Step 1 by 2. Again, keep the Whole part and set the Remainder aside.

5/ 2 = 2 with 1 remainder

Step 3: Repeat Step 2 above until the Whole part is 0.

2 / 2 = 1 with 0 remainder

1 / 2 = 1 with 1 remainder

Step 4: Write down the Remainders in reverse order to get the answer to 10 as a binary.

When we put the remainders together in reverse order, we get the answer 1010

Hence, the binary equivalent of decimal number 10is 1010.

NOTE:

The decimal number system has a base of 10 as it has 10 independent digits, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.  The octal and hexadecimal number systems have a radix (or base) of 8 and 16, respectively.

The Math and Trigonometric functions available in MS-Excel 365 include:

• ABS function: Returns the absolute value of a number.
• Trigonometric functions: These include SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, and ATAN, which are used to calculate the sine, cosine, tangent, arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent of an angle.
• LOG function: Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
• EXP function: Returns e raised to the power of a given number.
• SQRT function: Returns the square root of a number.
• RAND function: Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
• INT function: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
• ROUND function: Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.
• CEILING and FLOOR functions: Round numbers up or down to the nearest integer or multiple of a given value.
• POWER function: Raises a number to a specified power.
• MOD function: Returns the remainder when one number is divided by another.
• SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, and MIN functions: These are basic statistical functions used to calculate the sum, average, maximum, and minimum of a range of numbers.

Note: The text function and logical function are not considered Math and Trigonometric functions, but rather fall under the categories of Text and Logical functions, respectively. Financial functions are also not classified as Math and Trigonometric functions, but rather as Financial functions.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is .pdf.

Key Points

• PDF stands for 'portable document format'.
• .pdf is a type of Text File Extension.
• This format is used when you need to save files that cannot be modified but still need to be easily shared and printed.

The correct answer is Ctrl + HOME.

• Ctrl + HOME is used to go to the top of an MS Word document.

Key Points

• The shortcut Control+Home/ C-Home, or Ctrl+Home is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a document.

Additional Information

• Ctrl + End is a shortcut key that moves the cursor to the end of a document.
• Alt+End is a keyboard shortcut used to move to the last cell of a column in a Microsoft Word table.
• Alt+Home shortcut is used to open the homepage in the active tab.

The correct answer is The system is unresponsive to keyboard inputs.

Key Points 

• System hang means the system is unresponsive to keyboard inputs.
• A hang may be temporary or permanent.
• Temporary hang: If it is a temporary hang the system resolves itself.
• Slow hardware is a kind of temporary hang.
• Permanent hang: If it is a permanent hang it requires manual intervention.
• It may be due to the hardware or software logic error.
• 'End Task' button on the windows task manager is a mechanism for terminating hang processes.
• The computer's graphical user interface no longer responds to the user inputs like typing on the keyboard or moving the mouse is a typical example for hang.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Modifier keys.

• Special keys
• A special key or media key is a keyboard key that performs a special function not included with the traditional 104-key keyboard.
• For e.g,  the first four buttons are shown to control the volume of the speakers and the computer's brightness.
• Lock keys
• These keys are related to the lock part of a keyboard keys for a distinct mode of operation, depending on the lock settings selected.
• Number Lock: It allows the user to type numbers by pressing the keys on the number pad, rather than having them act as up, down, left, right, page up, end, and so forth.
• Capital Lock: It is used to type the letters in uppercase by default rather than lowercase. Located at the left end of the keyboard, above the left shift key.
• Scrolling Lock: In some applications, such as spreadsheets, the lock mode is used to change the behaviour of the cursor keys to scroll the document instead of the cursor.
• Window keys
• The Windows logo key such as win, start, logo, flag, or super key.
• This key became a standard key on PC keyboards.
• In Windows tapping the key brings up the start menu.
• Ctrl + Esc performs the same function, in case the keyboard lacks this key.
• Modifier keys
• It is a special key on a computer keyboard that temporarily modifies the normal action of another key when pressed together.
• For e.g, Shift, Alt, or Ctrl keys are the modifier keys. Hence option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is the "Dot-matrix printer".

Key Points

• Plotter: The plotter is a kind of printer which is used for printing vector lines. It uses a simple pen and paper.
• Laser printer: The laser printer is an example of a non-impact printer. It uses laser technology to print the content. This kind of printer is used mostly in large companies.
• Inkjet printer: The inkjet printer is an example of a non-impact printer. This kind of printer is used mostly in homes, businesses and so on. It uses a different pattern of ink droplets to print the content.
• Dot-matrix printer: The dot-matrix printer is an example of an impact printer. It has 9-24 pins which are situated at the printer head. It is commonly used for printing in applications like payroll and accounting.

The correct answer is the Dot-matrix printer.

Additional Information

• Printer is referred to as an output device. The printer is divided into two parts. These are impact printers and non-impact printers.
• Impact printers use a kind of pin and hammer system to print a document. It is less costly than the non-impact printer.
• Non-impact printers use ink in any form to print a document. It is the best for printing photographs.

The correct answer is F5.

Key Points

• Computer keyboards have the F5 function key at the top.
• In Internet browsers, the key is frequently used to refresh a web page.
• F5 has additional applications depending on the computer and program.

 Additional Information

• A function key is a type of soft key that can be programmed on a computer or terminal keyboard to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to perform specific actions.
• Function keys are used to carry out specific tasks.
• F1, F2, F3, .. to F12 the functionality of these keys varies depending on the program.
• F1 key, always used as the help key, every program opens a help screen when this key is pressed.
• F3 function key is used to access a program's or operating system's find or search feature.
• F7 is commonly used in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, and others to spell and grammar check a document.

The correct answer is Ctrl + M.

• In Microsoft PowerPoint, the Ctrl+M shortcut key inserts a new blank slide after the selected slide.

Additional Information

• Important MS PowerPoint shortcuts: 
• CTRL + G - To group items
• Ctrl + Q - To save and close a presentation
• Ctrl + E - To centre align the text
• CTRL + SHIFT + < -To decrease the text size
• Ctrl + Up To move a slide up
• SHIFT + F5 To start presentation mode from the current slide.
• CTRL + N - to create a new presentation.
• CTRL + M - to insert a new slide.
• CTRL + D - to duplicate the slide.
• CTRL + K - to insert a link.

Mistake Points

• In Microsoft PowerPoint, the Ctrl+N shortcut key opens a new blank presentation slide in a new PowerPoint window.

The correct option is (3)

USB drive

Key Points

• A flash memory device is a type of non-volatile storage medium that stores data electronically. It is commonly used in a variety of electronic devices such as USB drives, memory cards, and solid-state drives (SSDs).
• Multi-Media Card (MMC), a Flash-based memory card standard used for solid-state storage in cellphones, digital cameras, music players, video camcorders, and personal computers, is one of the most well-known examples of Flash memory.
• A plug-and-play portable storage device that employs flash memory and is small enough to hang from a keychain is referred to as a USB flash drive. It is also referred to as a USB stick, USB thumb drive, or pen drive.

Additional InformationHard Disk Drive (HDD):- Your computer's operating system, software, and data files, including documents, images, and music, are all stored on a hard drive, often known as a hard disc or HDD.

Random Access Memory (RAM):- A type of computer memory called random-access memory, which can be read and updated in any sequence, is often used to store operational data and program code.

Blue-Ray disc:- A digital optical disc data storage technology, the Blu-ray Disc (BD), is frequently referred to as just "Blu-ray."

The correct answer is Operating system

Important Points

• The operating system is a complex set of programs widely dependent on each other for acting as an interface between the components and the user. It also has to manage the resources and provide the platform for the application software to run.

Key Points

• The system software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications. The operating system (OS) is the best-known example of system software. The OS manages all the other programs on a computer.
• Utility programs, commonly referred to as just "utilities," are software programs that add functionality to your computer or help your computer perform better. These include antivirus, backup, disk repair, file management, security, and networking programs. Utilities can also be applications such as screensavers, font and icon tools, and desktop enhancements. Some utility programs help keep your computer free from unwanted software such as viruses or spyware, while others add functionality that allows you to customize your desktop and user interface.
• A program written in a high-level language is called a source code. To convert the source code into machine code, translators are needed. A translator takes a program written in the source language as input and converts it into a program in the target language as output. It also detects and reports the error during translation.

The correct answer is ​3^rd generation.

Important Points

• There are a total of 5 generations of computers.
• The 3^rd generation computers are the extension of 2^nd generation computers.
• The period of the third generation was from 1965-1971.
• In third-generation computers, Integrated circuits were used.
• An IC has many transistors and resistors attached to a single circuitry.
• These generation computers are smaller in size and more reliable than 2^nd generation computers.
• High-level Languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL, BASIC, ALGOL-68  were used in these generations.
• IBM-360 series
• Honeywell-6000 series
• PDP (Personal Data Processor)
• IBM-370/168
• TDC-316

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Key Points

Main features of 3^rd Generation

• These computers are smaller in size than 2^nd generation.
• These computers are faster and generate less heat.
• Computers of this generation involve low maintenance.
• Computers of this generation support high-level languages.