Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is It is used to structure documents.

Key Points

• HTML is used to structure documents.
• It was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.
• HTML is used to create electronic documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web.
• HTML is the most widely used mark-up language, in all its evolving forms.
• It is used to structure documents according to various Document Type Definition (DTD) schema defined and described by the W3C, which continually reviews, refines and evolves the specifications.

Additional Information 

• It is a language used for writing source codes for developing a webpage, inserting content, and other components in it.
• HTML is a markup language because it is used to distinguish HTML elements from the text.
• HTML is not a programming language, meaning it doesn’t have the ability to create dynamic functionality. Instead, it makes it possible to organize and format documents, similar to Microsoft Word.

The correct answer is SQL

Key Points

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is used to communicate with a database.
• SQL is a language to operate databases; it includes database creation, deletion, fetching rows, modifying rows, etc. SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard language, but there are many different versions of the SQL language.
• SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data stored in a relational database.
• SQL is the standard language for Relational Database System. All the Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS) like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres, and SQL Server use SQL as their standard database language.

Additional Information 

• SQL is widely popular because it offers the following advantages −

1. Allows users to access data in the relational database management systems.
2. Allows users to describe the data.
3. Allows users to define the data in a database and manipulate that data.
4. Allows embedding within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
5. Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
6. Allows users to create a view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
7. Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures and views.

The correct answer is Super Key.

• There is always one primary key in a table for each record which is used to uniquely identify that record.
• KEYS in DBMS is an attribute or set of attributes that help you to identify a row(tuple) in a relation(table). They allow you to find the relation between two tables. Keys help you uniquely identify a row in a table by a combination of one or more columns in that table. The Key is also helpful for finding a unique record or row from the table. The database key is also helpful for finding a unique record or row from the table.

Additional Information 

• There are mainly seven different types of Keys in DBMS and each key has its different functionality:

1. Super Key -  A super key is a group of single or multiple keys that identifies rows in a table.
2. Primary Key -  is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely identify every row in that table.
3. Candidate Key -  is a set of attributes that uniquely identify tuples in a table. Candidate Key is a super key with no repeated attributes.
4. Alternate Key -  is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely identify every row in that table.
5. Foreign Key -  is a column that creates a relationship between two tables. The purpose of Foreign keys is to maintain data integrity and allow navigation between two different instances of an entity.
6. Compound Key -  has two or more attributes that allow you to uniquely recognize a specific record. It is possible that each column may not be unique by itself within the database.
7. Composite Key - A composite key is a candidate key that consists of two or more attributes (table columns) that together uniquely identify an entity occurrence (table row).
8. Surrogate Key -  An artificial key which aims to uniquely identify each record is called a surrogate key. These kinds of keys are unique because they are created when you don't have any natural primary key.

The correct answer is HTML.

Key Points

HTML is a  type of markup language developed by Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group.

Additional Information

The correct answer is CAD Computer Aided Design

Key Points

• CAD or Computer Aided Design is a software used in the computer systems by engineers, architects, drafters, artists and others to create, analyze, optimize and modify a design or even create 2D and 3D technical illustrations.

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Additional Information

• CAD/CAM applications are used to both design a product and program manufacturing processes, specifically, CNC machining. CAM software uses the models and assemblies created in CAD software, like Fusion 360, to generate toolpaths that drive machine tools to turn designs into physical parts.

The correct answer is Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory.

Additional Information

• The EEPROM is a form of non-volatile memory where data can be erased and reprogrammed using an electrical charge.
• Despite being a non-volatile memory, it retains all data even when power is off.
• Data saved in an EEPROM chip is permanent until the client chooses to remove it.
• EEPROM is the modern version of EPROM and stores the data used for BIOS.
• EEPROM has a limited life i.e. the number of times it can be reprogrammed.
• There are two types of EEPROM: Serial EEPROM and Parallel EEPROM

The correct answer is Open source

• Open Source operating systems are released under a license where the copyright holder allows others to study, change as well as distribute the software to other people. This can be done for any reason.
• Underpinning an operating system, for example, Windows on your PC or Android on your phone is many, many lines of code.
• On a closed-source OS like Windows, that code can only be altered by Microsoft, and only viewed by a few selected customers like big companies. In contrast, the code underlying open-source operating systems is not only freely available for anyone to view but also to modify, use and share, under the terms of open-source licenses such as MIT, GNU Public Licence, and Apache 2.0.
• Allowing anyone to inspect the source code in this way has many advantages. Those with sufficient technical knowledge can customize the OS and fix problems as they arise by delving into the source code.
• It also allows the development of open-source operating systems to be community-led, or at least influenced, with technical users suggesting changes to an open-source operating system's codebase.

• At the heart of most open-source operating systems, today is the Linux kernel. Linux provides the core of these operating systems, the kernel that interacts with a computer's hardware, and was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
• This kernel provides the core functionality of any OS needs, controlling how data is processed and parcelled out into memory, how the system handles files, how it interacts with devices plugged into the computer, and other fundamental tasks.

The correct answer is Formula bar.

Key Points

• The Formula Bar is where data or formulas you enter into a worksheet appear for the active cell.
• The Formula Bar can also be used to edit data or formula in the active cell. The active cell displays the results of its formula while we see the formula itself in the Formula Bar.
• When the text is entered in a cell in the excel sheet it also appears in the formula bar.

Additional Information 

• The status bar is the area at the bottom of the Word window that indicates information about the current document.
• It displays information about what page you are on, as well as your line number on the page and character number on the line. It also shows information about which editing toggles you have turned on.
• Name Box is a tool that shows the active cell address. For example, if you have selected the cell C1, this name box will show the active cell address as C1.

The correct answer is Ctrl + Home.

• Ctrl + Home is used to move the active cell to the cell A1 in MS­ - Excel.
• Alternatively referred to as Control+Home and C-Home, Ctrl+Home is a keyboard shortcut that moves the cursor to the beginning of a document.
• In all major Internet browsers (e.g., Chrome, Edge, Firefox, IE, Opera), pressing Ctrl+Home scrolls to the beginning of the web page, if not already there.
• In Microsoft Word and other word processor programs, pressing Ctrl+Home moves to the beginning of the document, if not already there.

Additional Information

The correct answer is A watermark is a ghost text.

Additional Information

• A watermark is a ghost image that appears behind the content of a document. Watermarks traditionally have been used to print logos, or text such as CONFIDENTIAL, on company stationery.
• A watermark is a logo, text, or pattern that is intentionally superimposed onto another image. Its purpose is to make it more difficult for the original image to be copied or used without permission.

Concept:

Covert Binary to Decimal:

For binary number with n digits;

D_n-1 …. D₃D₂D₁D₀

The decimal number is equal to the sum of binary digits (D_n) times their power of 2 (2ⁿ)

Decimal = D₀ × 2⁰ + D₁ × 2¹ + D₂ × 2² + ….

Decimal to binary:

• Take decimal number as dividend.
• Divide the number by 2.
• Get the integer quotient for the next iteration.
• Get the remainder (it will be either 0 or 1 because of divisor 2).
• Repeat the steps until the quotient is equal to 0
• Write the remainders in reverse order (which will be equivalent binary number of given decimal number).

Calculation:

To find: (1111)2 + (1001)2 - (1010)2 = ?

(1111)2 = \(\rm 1\times 2^0+1\times 2^1+1\times2^2+1\times2^3=15\)

(1001)2 = \(\rm 1\times 2^0+0\times 2^1+0\times2^2+1\times2^3=9\)

(1010)2 = \(\rm 0\times 2^0+1\times 2^1+0\times2^2+1\times2^3=10\)

(1111)2 + (1001)2 - (1010)2 = 15 + 9 - 10 = 14

Now, in binary 14 can be written as,

(14)₁₀ = (1110)₂

Hence, option (3) is correct.

The period of third generation was 1965-1971. The computers of third generation used integrated circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby.

The correct answer is SSI and MSI

Additional Information

• SSI and MSI IC was used in third generation of computers.SSI, MSI, The first integrated circuits contained only a few transistors and so were called “Small-Scale Integration (SSI). They used circuits containing transistors numbering in the tens. They were very crucial in the development of early computers.
• The next step in the development of integrated circuits, taken in the late 1960s, introduced devices which contained hundreds of transistors on each chip, called "medium-scale integration" (MSI).
• An integrated circuit, or IC, is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory.
• An IC is a small wafer, usually made of silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and capacitors.

The correct answer is option 1MB.

Binary values are grouped together in the length of 1's and 0's which is called the length of a number.

• Some of the common lengths are bit, byte, nibble etc.
• Each of the 1 and 0 in a binary number is called a bit.

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Additional Information

Consider the following table for other relations between units.

The correct answer is Google forms

Additional Information

• Google forms is a very effective tool to collect feedbacks from students, as it gives flexibility to design questionnaires to ask the right questions from students which helps in getting accurate feedbacks.
• Google Forms is free online software that allows you to create surveys, quizzes, and . It's part of Google's web-based apps suite, including Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, and more. It's a versatile tool that can be used for various applications, from gathering RSVPs for an event to creating a pop quiz.

The correct option is 1 i.e., Ransomware.

Key Points

• Ransomware is used with the intention of extorting money.
• Ransomware is a type of malware program that infects and takes control of a system.

Additional Information 

• Spyware is unwanted software that infiltrates your computing device, stealing your internet usage data and

sensitive information.

• Adware, or advertising-supported software, is software that generates revenue for its developer by automatically

generating online advertisements.

• Malware stands for malicious software.
• Malware is any software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems.

The correct answer is EEPROM.

Key Points

• Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip,
• It is made up of EEPROM.
• EEPROM is the acronym of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory,
• EEPROM is a Programmable ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed using an electrical charge.
• It was first was developed by George Perlegos.
• It allows the user to update the computer BIOS without having to open the computer or remove any chips.
• It organized as arrays of floating-gate transistors.
• USB flash drive, Memory cards are the examples of flash memory storage.
• BIOS is stored in Flash memory chip.

Additional Information

• RDRAM is the acronym of Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory.
• It is a video RAM.
• MROM is the acronym of Mask ROM.
• It is produced by arranging transistors before the semiconductor manufacturing process actually begins.
• SRAM is the acronym of Static random-access memory
• It uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit.
• PROM is the acronym of Programmable Read-Only Memory.
• It can be modified only once by a user.

The correct answer is Video.

• Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft.
• It features tools, pivot tables calculation, graphing , and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications.
• Excel allows you to add more to your workbooks than just numbers or text.
• You can also add all sorts of other objects. For instance, you can add simple graphics, pictures, or even videos.
• Preparing students' results, Storing the names of Indian Classical singers with the Gharana, and Playing music video tasks can be done using MS Excel.
• Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations.
• Excel includes many common functions that can be used to quickly find the sum, average, count, maximum value, and minimum value for a range of cells. In order to use functions correctly, you'll need to understand the different parts of a function and how to create arguments to calculate values and cell references.
• Inserting Rows or Columns: To add multiple rows or columns in a spreadsheet, highlight the same number of pre-existing rows or columns that you want to add. Then, right-click and select "Insert."
• Autofill: Select the cells you want to be the source, locate the fill handle in the lower-right corner of the cell, and either drag the fill handle to cover cells you want to fill or just double click.
• Filters: Filters allow you to pare down your data to only look at certain rows at one time.
• Videos and audios can be played on an excel sheet through objects like Windows media player or VLC media player.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e RAM.

Key Points

• RAM stands for Random-access memory.
• RAM is a Primary memory in computers.
• It is a volatile memory.
• RAM loses its data when the computer is turned off.
• RAM is located on the motherboard.
• RAM is a temporary memory.
• ROM stands for Read-Only Memory.
• ROM is a non-volatile memory.
• We can't change data stored on ROM.
• PROM stands for Programmable read-only memory.
• EPROM stands for Erasable programmable read-only memory.

Concept:

1 GB = 1024 MB

1 MB = 1024 KB

1 KB = 1024 B

1 B = 8 bits

So, 32-bit address bus has access to 2³²  locations with 8 bits(1 Byte) of information.

2³² locations = 2² * 2¹⁰ * 2¹⁰ * 2¹⁰ locations

232 locations = 22 * 210 * 210 * 1 KB [2¹⁰ = 1 KB ]

232 locations = 22 * 210 * 1024 KB

232 locations = 22  * 1024 MB

232 locations = 4 GB of location

Correct Option is 3