Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is 22 October 2009.

Key Points

• Windows 7
• It is an operating system that was produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.
• It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009.
• It is the successor to Windows Vista, released nearly three years earlier.
• Windows XP:
• It is an operating system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.
• It was the successor to both Windows 2000 for professional users and Windows Me for home users.
• It was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and broadly released for retail sale on October 25, 2001.
• Microsoft Office:
• It is a family of client software, server software, and services developed by Microsoft. It was first announced by Bill Gates on August 1, 1988, at COMDEX in Las Vegas.

Additional Information

• An Operating System (OS):
• It is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware.
• An operating system is software that performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

To convert a decimal number system to hexadecimal, we follow the successive division approach i.e. we divide the decimal number by 16 and note down the remainder.

Each remainder is then expressed in hexadecimal.

Alternate Method:

The conversion from decimal to hexadecimal can also take place by first converting the decimal to binary, i.e.

Taking a pair of 4 and converting it into its hexadecimal equivalent, we get:

1010 0000 = (A0)16

The correct answer is Terabytes (TB).

• 1 Petabyte = 1024 Terabytes.
• The units of Computer Memory Measurements are: ​
• 1 Bit = Binary Digit.
• 8 Bits = 1 Byte
• 1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
• 1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
• 1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)
• 1024 GB = 1 TB (Tera Byte)
• 1024 TB = 1 PB (Petabyte)
• 1024 PB = 1  EB (Exa Byte)
• ​Geop byte is the highest memory measurement unit.

The correct answer is Because it changes its status on pressing the key

Important Points

• A toggle key is a key that is used to turn a function on or off or to switch between two functions. Examples of toggle keys are the caps lock key, number lock key, and scroll lock key. A toggle key can also be used as an accessibility option to alternate the input mode of keys.

Key Points

• A toggle key toggles the input from other keys on the keyboard between different input modes. The most commonly used toggle key is the caps lock key, which alternates the letter keys between uppercase and lowercase.
• Num lock is another toggle key that helps to input numerals from the numeric keyboard and is turned on by default.
• Another example of a toggle key is the scroll lock key, which allows arrow keys to scroll through the window's contents and allows users to scroll without depending on the scroll bar.
• The insert key is another example of a toggle key, and it toggles between overtype mode and inserts mode while entering text.
• A toggle key, unlike modifier keys, is turned on or off when pressed —they need not be held down while pressing other keys. Most keyboards have lights indicating whether the keys are switched on or off.

Some operating systems and applications also display the toggle key status on the screen.

The Correct Answer is Ctrl+E.

Key Points

• Ctrl + E makes the text in a word document centred.

Important Points

• Ctrl + A Selects all text.
• Ctrl + G opens the Find and replace options.
• Ctrl+C Copy the selected text.

Additional Information

Word shortcut keys

The correct answer is Single-User Operating System.

Important Points

• Single-User Operating System
• Performs a single task for Single-user.
• This operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time.
• Examples include Microsoft Windows.

Additional Information

• The different types of Operating System:
• Batch Operating System
• There is no direct communication between the computer and the OS.
• There is an intermediate, the Operator.
• The operator distributes the work into batches.
• Real-Time Operating System
• The processing time is very small between the user’s command and the output such that there is no operator.
• Time-Sharing Operating System
• Multiple people at various computers can use a program at the same time.
• Distributed Operating System
• When two or more systems are connected to each other and one can open each other's files.
• Embedded Operating System
• These special Operating systems are built into larger systems.
• They are limited to single specific functions like an ATM.
• Network Operating System
• They have one main server which is connected to other client servers.
• It provides a secure operating system for working with multiple users.

The maximum limit of available worksheet functions is 341.

The equal to sign '=', marks the start of any formula in the MS excel spreadsheet.

Malware Protection is not the main function of the operating system.

Important Points

• Malware Protection
• Malware is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
• A range of antivirus software, firewalls and other strategies are used to protect against the introduction of malware.

Key Points

• Operating system
• An operating system is a large and complex system.
• OS system components include:
• File,
• Process,
• Memory,
• I/O device management.

Additional Information

• The process management component
• The process management component is a procedure for managing the many processes that are running simultaneously on the operating system.
• Every software application program has one or more processes when they are running.
• For example, when we use a browser like Google Chrome, there is a process running for that browser program.
• All these processes managed by process management.
• The process management uses memory allocated to them and shutting them down when needed.
• File management
• File management in an operating system includes file creation and deletion.
• Manipulating files and directories.
• Memory management
• ​An Operating System performs the functions for Memory Management such as:
• It helps to keep track of primary memory.
• Determine what parts of it are in use by whom, what part is not in use.
• I/O device management
• ​An Operating System performs the functions for I/O device management such as:
• It offers buffer caching system
• It provides general device driver code
• It provides drivers for particular hardware devices.

The correct answer is the Digital subscriber line.

Key Points

• A digital subscriber line is a method of accessing fixed internet for home or office.

Additional Information

• The digital subscriber line (DSL) uses the existing telephone cabling infrastructure.
• There are two methods of Internet access
• Direct- The device connects directly to the Internet using 3G/4G mobile networks or public Wi-Fi.
• Indirect- The device connects to a network using Ethernet or WiFi and the network connects to the Internet using DSL, cable, or fiber.

The correct answer is Third Generation.

Key Points

• The First generation of computer's period was from 1940 to 1956.
• Vacuum tubes were used in the first generation of computers for circuitry and magnetic drums were used for memory.
• Computers in this generation were enormous and they use to take entire rooms.
• Computers were very expensive to operate and used a great deal of electricity which generated a lot of heat which cause malfunctions.
• Computer relied on machine language to perform operations and so could solve one problem at a time.
• The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) and ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) are examples of first-generation computing devices.
• The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
• The second generation of computer's period was from 1956-1963.
• Transistors were used in second-generation computers.
• The transistor was invented in 1947 but was used in computers in the late 1950s.
• The transistors were far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable than their first-generation predecessor.
• Early versions of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translation) which are high-level programming languages were also being developed at this time.
• The third generation of computer's period was from 1964-1971.
• Integrated circuits were used in third-generation computers.
• These computers carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessor.
• Fourth Generation computer's period was from 1971 to the present.
• Microprocessors were used in fourth-generation computers.
• Fourth Generation computers saw the development of the Graphical User Interface (GUI's), the mouse, and handheld devices.
• Fourth-generation computers were small and more powerful as compared to other generations as a result they could be linked together to form networks and led to the development of the internet.
• Fifth Generation computers are in the present generation and will see further developments.
• Artificial Intelligence is used in this generation of computers.
• Games such as chess and checkers can be played on the computer.
• The term Artificial intelligence was coined for the first time by John McCarthy in 1956 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
• Natural-language processing, Voice recognition, robotics, etc are some of the achievements of this generation of computers.

The correct answer is Convert analog signals to digital and vice-versa

• The modem is a device that transforms the computer-generated digital signals into analog signals to enable their traveling through phone lines. The ‘modulator-demodulator’ or modem may work as a dial-up for LAN or connect to an ISP.
• Modems can be both external, as in the device which connects to the USB or the serial port of a computer machine, or proprietary components for handheld smart devices and other devices, also as internal, in the form of add-on expansion cards for computer systems and PCMCIA cards for laptop computers.

Key Points

• The design of a modem differs for both the external and internal modem. In internal modems, IRQ – Interrupt request is utilized to configure the modem in addition to I/O, which is a memory address. Usually, before the installation of a built-in modem, integrated serial interfaces are disabled, assigning them the COM2 resources at the same time.
• For external types of a modem, the modem assigns and uses the resources itself. This is especially helpful for the USB port and laptop users as the non-complex and simpler nature of the process renders it far much more useful for daily usage.
• At the time of setup, the second step to make sure the proper working of a modem is the installation of drivers. The modem working efficiency and processing is decided by two factors:
• Speed of UART –An acronym for Universal Asynchronous Receiver or Transmitter chip (installed on the motherboard to which the modem connection is established)
• Speed of the modem itself

In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource available from a different server and the proxy server evaluates the request as a way to simplify and control its complexity. Proxies were invented to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. Today, most proxies are web proxies, facilitating access to content on the World Wide Web and providing anonymity.

The correct answer is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

Key Points

• DHCP is the acronym of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
• A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses, default gateways and other network parameters to client devices.
• It will help to prevent duplication of addresses and also help the administrator keep good records.
• DHCP is designed to improve the efficiency of allocating IP addresses.
• DHCP services exist for networks running both Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and  Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
• The IPv6 version of the DHCP protocol is commonly called DHCPv6.

Additional Information

• Other common network protocols examples:
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• File Transfer Protocol(FTP)
• HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP)
• Post Office Protocol (POP3)
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Secure Shell Protocol (SSH)

The correct answer is IPv4.

• IP (Internet Protocol) is a numerical value assigned to each device participating in a computer network.
• The IP address is a unique address.
• Every public IP address is registered to an owner, whether that owner is an individual or an organisation.
• There are two versions of IP: IPv4 and IPv6.
• IPv4 stands for Internet Protocol version 4.
• IPv4 is a connectionless protocol.
• IPv4 is a 32-Bit IP address.

Additional Information

• IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6.
• IPv6 is a 128-Bit IP address.

The correct answer is FTP.

Key Points

• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
• It is a network protocol for transmitting files between computers over Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections.
• It is considered an application layer protocol.

Important Points

• SMTP
• It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• It is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-mail.
• TELNET
• It stands for Terminal Network.
• Its utility allows users to test connectivity to remote machines and issue commands through the use of a keyboard.
• HTTP
• It stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• A protocol for fetching resources such as HTML documents.

Nexus is NOT correct.

• Among the options, only Nexus is NOT a search engine.

Key Points 

• Nexus is a web browser.
• It is the world’s first web browser.
• It was invented by Tim Berners Lee.
• It is formerly known as WorldWideWeb.
• it searched FTP sites to create an index of downloadable files
• It could be used to create pages as well as browse them.

Important Points 

• A search engine is a software that is designed to search for information on the world wide web.
• Important search engines are:
• Google.
• Yahoo!.
• Bing.
• Archie.
• DuckDuckGo.
• Ask.com
• Baidu.

Additional Information 

• Archie is the first search engine on the internet.
• Bing search engine is developed by Microsoft.
• Google search engine is the most used search engine in the World.
• It is developed by Google LLC.

The correct answer is ​the Internet Control Message Protocol.

Important Points

• ICMP Stands for Internet Control Message Protocol.
• ICMP is part of Internet Protocol.
• The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol used by network devices to diagnose network communication issues.
• ICMP is mainly used to determine whether or not data is reaching its intended destination in a timely manner.
• When information is transferred over the Internet, computer systems send and receive data using the TCP/IP protocol.
• If there is a problem with the connection, error, and status messages regarding the connection are sent using ICMP.
• When one computer connects to another system over the Internet it may seem like a quick and easy process.
• But In cases where there is a problem with the connection, ICMP can send back codes to our system explaining why a connection failed.
• These may be messages such as, "Network unreachable" for a system that is down, or "Access denied" for a secure, password-protected system
• ICMP may also provide routing suggestions to help bypass unresponsive systems.
• While ICMP can send a variety of different messages, most are never seen by the user.

Key Points 

Purpose of ICMP

• The primary purpose of ICMP is for error reporting.
• When two devices connect over the Internet, the ICMP generates errors to share with the sending device in the event that any of the data did not get to its intended destination.
• Secondary use of ICMP protocol is to perform network diagnostics.
• the figure below shows the working ICMP protocol.

The correct answer is Blind carbon copy.

• Bcc means blind carbon copy which is the same as similar Cc.
• Bcc appears for specified recipients only.

Key Points

• Due to security as well as privacy reasons, it is best to use the Blind Carbon Copy (Bcc) feature when sending an email message to a large number of people.
• When you place email addresses in the BCC field of a message, those addresses are invisible to the recipients of the email mentioned.
• Earlier this concept was used in paper correspondence but now it is applied to emails.

The correct answer is Satellite.

Key Points

• Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communication satellites.
• Modern consumer-grade satellite Internet service is typically provided to individual users through geostationary satellites that can offer relatively high data speeds.
• Integrated Services Digital Network is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the digitalized circuits of the public switched telephone network.
• A digital subscriber line(DSL) is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines.
• Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network to establish a connection to an Internet service provider by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line.

Additional Information

• The first web page address was http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html.
• ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983.
• NCSA Mosaic ran on Windows computers was the first browser to surf the internet.