English Comprehension PYQs

In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select option (e) as your choice.

In each of the questions given below four words are given in bold. These four words may or may not be in their correct position. The sentence is then followed by options with the correct combination of words that should interchange with each other in order to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct. Find the correct combination of the words that replace each other. If the sentence is correct as it is then select option (e) as your choice.

In each sentence two words are omitted and replaced with blanks. Choose the pair of words from the given options that can fill the blanks in the same order without changing the intended meaning.

In each sentence two words are omitted and replaced with blanks. Choose the pair of words from the given options that can fill the blanks in the same order without changing the intended meaning.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

One type of violation of the antitrust laws is the abuse of monopoly power. Monopoly power is the ability of a firm to raise its prices above the competitive level—that is, above the level that would exist naturally if several firms had to compete. In order to show that a firm has abused monopoly power, and thereby violated the antitrust laws, two essential facts must be established. First, a firm must be shown to possess monopoly power, and second, that power must have been used to exclude competition in the monopolized market.

The price, a firm may charge for its product, is constrained by the availability of its close substitutes. If a firm attempts to charge a higher price—a supracompetitive price—customers will turn to other firms that supply ______ products at competitive prices. If a firm provides a large percentage of the products actually or potentially available, however, customers may find it difficult to buy from alternative suppliers. Consequently, a firm with a large share of the relevant market of substitutable products may be able to raise its price without losing many customers. For this reason, courts often use market share as a rough indicator of monopoly power.

Supracompetitive prices are associated with a loss of consumers’ welfare because such prices force some consumers to buy a less attractive product than they would ordinarily buy. Supracompetitive prices, however, do not themselves constitute an abuse of monopoly power. Antitrust laws do not attempt to counter the mere existence of monopoly power. For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unit production costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive. If the antitrust laws posed disincentives to the existence and growth of such firms, the laws could impair consumers’ welfare. Even if the firm, upon acquiring monopoly power, chose to raise prices in order to increase profits, it would not be in violation of the antitrust laws.

Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence doesn’t contain any error, choose “No Error” as your answer choice.

Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence doesn’t contain any error, choose “No Error” as your answer choice.

Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence doesn’t contain any error, choose “No Error” as your answer choice.

Each question is divided into four parts in which one part contains the error. Choose the incorrect part as your answer. If the sentence doesn’t contain any error, choose “No Error” as your answer choice.

Five sentences are given in the question which are not arranged in the correct order. Rearrange these sentences to answer the given questions.

(A) With the major players expanding their bases to smaller town and cities, the industry is being further propelled forward.
(B) The rising penetration of internet due to cheaper data rates is also aiding the market.
(C) The online food delivery industry is one of the fastest-growing segments in the Indian e-commerce industry.
(D) Thus, the increased funding and rise in the self-owned delivery fleet by the major players, are providing further impetus.
(E) The rapid rise in the number of smartphone users in the country is expanding the consumer base of the industry in India.

Five sentences are given in the question which are not arranged in the correct order. Rearrange these sentences to answer the given questions.

(A) With the major players expanding their bases to smaller town and cities, the industry is being further propelled forward.
(B) The rising penetration of internet due to cheaper data rates is also aiding the market.
(C) The online food delivery industry is one of the fastest-growing segments in the Indian e-commerce industry.
(D) Thus, the increased funding and rise in the self-owned delivery fleet by the major players, are providing further impetus.
(E) The rapid rise in the number of smartphone users in the country is expanding the consumer base of the industry in India.

Five sentences are given in the question which are not arranged in the correct order. Rearrange these sentences to answer the given questions.

(A) With the major players expanding their bases to smaller town and cities, the industry is being further propelled forward.
(B) The rising penetration of internet due to cheaper data rates is also aiding the market.
(C) The online food delivery industry is one of the fastest-growing segments in the Indian e-commerce industry.
(D) Thus, the increased funding and rise in the self-owned delivery fleet by the major players, are providing further impetus.
(E) The rapid rise in the number of smartphone users in the country is expanding the consumer base of the industry in India.