Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Locally acquired malaria denotes cases where the disease presents in patients with no travel history, indicating that it has been acquired within their geographical area. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), although malaria does not occur in all warm climates, most cases are found in parts of Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and South, West, and Southeast Asia. A locally acquired case would mean that the mosquito transmitting the disease first bit a person carrying the malaria-causing parasite and then another person, thus transmitting the disease locally.
The CDC in an advisory issued on June 26 recommended that medical health professionals consider a malaria diagnosis for patients with fever of unknown origin, regardless of their travel history. The agency also said that patients suspected of having malaria should be urgently ____________ in an appropriate medical facility.
According to the CDC, suspected or confirmed locally acquired malaria is a public health emergency. Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by a protozoan from the Plasmodium genus. This is usually transmitted through the bite of an Anopheles mosquito, and almost all cases of malaria in the U.S. are found in people who have a history of international travel. Locally acquired cases of malaria in the country are rare. In fact, Texas recorded its last locally acquired malaria case in 1994— before it resurfaced this year.
The parasite identified in locally acquired cases across Texas and Florida is Plasmodium vivax. Although not the worst among the types, P. vivax is the most common type of parasite that causes malaria in humans. Although most cases caused by this type are of comparatively lower intensity, it can still cause cerebral malaria, renal failure, acute respiratory distress, and shock in some patients.
According to Colin Carlson, a biologist studying the relationship between global climate change, biodiversity loss, and emerging infectious diseases, it is “somewhat likely” that climate change contributed to the presence of malaria cases in the U.S. However, Dr. Carlson also says that southern U.S. states meet the minimum conditions of a warm climate needed for malaria, even without climate change.