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IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) ┬╖ Topic Collection

English Comprehension PYQs

Reading comprehension, vocabulary, synonyms and antonyms, idiom usage, error spotting, sentence improvement, and cloze tests.

1460 Total Questions46 Official PapersYears: 2018тАУ2026Search in English Comprehension
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IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 301

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Direction: Evaluate the following word, accompanied by three sentences containing it. Determine the sentence(s) that accurately convey the meaning of the given word.

Lightning

A. The quick and unexpected victory was as swift as lightning.

B. She carefully studied the lightning plant growth in her garden.

C. During the thunderstorm, we saw several bolts of lightning strike the ground.

  1. AOption (a)

    Only A

  2. BOption (b)

    Both A & B

  3. COption (c)

    Both A & C

  4. DOption (d)

    All A, B & C

  5. EOption (e)

    None of these

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Both A & C

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning and usage of the word "lightning" and its common confusion with "lightening":

  • lightning - a flash of bright light in the sky produced by electricity; or used as an adjective to describe something very quick or sudden. (рдЖрдХрд╛рд╢реАрдп рдмрд┐рдЬрд▓реА / рдмрд╣реБрдд рддреЗрдЬрд╝)
  • For Example:
  • The tree was struck by lightning during the storm.
  • The team launched a lightning attack on the opponent.
  • lightening - the process of making something lighter in weight or color. (рд╣рд▓реНрдХрд╛ рдХрд░рдирд╛/рдЪрдордХрджрд╛рд░ рдмрдирд╛рдирд╛)
  • For Example:
  • The sky is lightening as the sun begins to rise.

┬а

Now, let's break down the sentences to analyze which of them use the word "lightning" correctly:

  • A. The quick and unexpected victory was as swift as lightning.
  • The word "lightning" is used correctly here. It is used in a common simile ("swift as lightning") to denote extreme speed.
  • B. She carefully studied the lightning plant growth in her garden.
  • The word "lightning" is used incorrectly here. If the sentence refers to making the plant growth lighter or brighter, the word should be "lightening." If it refers to fast growth, "lightning-fast" would be the appropriate compound adjective, but "lightning" alone does not fit this context.
  • C. During the thunderstorm, we saw several bolts of lightning strike the ground.
  • The word "lightning" is used correctly here. It refers to the electrical discharge during a storm.
  • So, sentences A and C use the word correctly.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & C."
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 302

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

According to the passage, what is one of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism?

  1. AOption (a)

    Increased employment opportunities

  2. BOption (b)

    Enhanced cognitive functions

  3. COption (c)

    Superior athletic performance

  4. DOption (d)

    Improved social relationships

  5. EOption (e)

    Reduction in crime rates

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Enhanced cognitive functions

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option B.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage explicitly states that one of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it provides.
  • It highlights that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior executive functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility.
  • This boost is attributed to the constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and long-term neurological health.
  • Thus, the correct answer is enhanced cognitive functions, as listed in Option B.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

┬а

Correct Sentence: "One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords."

┬а

Additional Information

  • A: Increased employment opportunities тАУ While relevant in many contexts, the passage does not specifically mention job opportunities as a benefit.
  • C: Superior athletic performance тАУ The passage focuses on mental and linguistic capabilities, making this option irrelevant.
  • D: Improved social relationships тАУ The passage mentions that multilingualism enriches social interactions, but it prioritizes cognitive advantage as a primary key benefit.
  • E: Reduction in crime rates тАУ This point is not discussed or suggested anywhere in the provided text.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 303

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

The passage states that the onset of which condition can be delayed by bilingualism?

  1. AOption (a)

    Diabetes

  2. BOption (b)

    Dementia

  3. COption (c)

    Heart disease

  4. DOption (d)

    Arthritis

  5. EOption (e)

    Depression

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Dementia

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option B.

┬а

Key Points

  • According to the passage, one of the significant neurological benefits of bilingualism is the delay in the onset of dementia.
  • The text states that using multiple languages acts as a form of mental exercise that contributes to long-term health.
  • This is specifically linked to the brain's management of multiple language systems, which enhances resilience against age-related cognitive declines.
  • Thus, dementia is the specific condition mentioned in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

┬а

Reference Quote: "Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines..."

┬а

Additional Information

  • A, C, D, and E (Diabetes, Heart disease, Arthritis, and Depression) are not mentioned in the passage as conditions affected by bilingualism.
  • The passage focuses primarily on cognitive functions like problem-solving, multitasking, and memory.
  • The benefits described are specifically related to linguistic, psychological, and educational domains rather than general physical health.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 304

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the societal context of bilingualism?

  1. AOption (a)

    Bilingual individuals are always admired in society.

  2. BOption (b)

    Bilingualism can sometimes lead to challenges like language interference.

  3. COption (c)

    There is no social stigma attached to bilingualism.

  4. DOption (d)

    Bilingual individuals never face discrimination.

  5. EOption (e)

    Bilingualism is only beneficial in educational settings.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Bilingualism can sometimes lead to challenges like language interference.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Option B'.

┬а

Key Points

  • B) Bilingualism can sometimes lead to challenges like language interference.
  • This can be inferred from the passage. The text explicitly mentions that despite its advantages, bilingualism can pose challenges such as language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence the use of another, leading to errors in grammar or vocabulary.
  • A, C, and D) The societal perception and treatment of bilingual individuals.
  • These cannot be inferred from the passage. The text states that the societal context plays a role where individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, especially if one language is viewed as less prestigious. This directly contradicts the claims that they are "always admired," face "no stigma," or "never face discrimination."
  • E) Bilingualism is only beneficial in educational settings.
  • This cannot be inferred. The passage details numerous benefits beyond education, including cognitive advantages (multitasking, problem-solving), long-term neurological health (delaying dementia), and broader cross-cultural understanding.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Option A: Incorrect because the passage mentions the possibility of social stigma.
  • Option C: Incorrect because the passage explicitly notes that social stigma can be attached to bilingualism.
  • Option D: Incorrect because the passage states that bilingual individuals may face discrimination in certain societal contexts.
  • Option E: Incorrect because the benefits of bilingualism extend to cognitive health and social empathy, not just academic performance.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 305

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A. The achievements of bilingual and multilingual students are limited to language-related subjects.

B. Bilingualism aids in fostering cultural understanding and empathy.

C. Multilingualism is only beneficial in non-academic areas.

  1. AOption (a)

    Only A

  2. BOption (b)

    Only B

  3. COption (c)

    Only C

  4. DOption (d)

    Both A and B

  5. EOption (e)

    Both B and C

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Only B

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Option B'.

┬а

Key Points

  • A) The achievements of bilingual and multilingual students are limited to language-related subjects.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage explicitly states that the skills acquired from mastering multiple languages "can translate into higher achievement across various subjects," not just language-related ones.
  • B) Bilingualism aids in fostering cultural understanding and empathy.
  • This can be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions that multilingualism (which encompasses bilingualism) "promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy" because speakers possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives.
  • C) Multilingualism is only beneficial in non-academic areas.
  • This cannot be inferred from the passage. The text specifically highlights that "bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance" and that their skills translate into higher achievement in educational settings.

Therefore, the correct answer is Only B.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Only A: Incorrect because Statement A contradicts the passage's claim about achievement across various subjects.
  • Only C: Incorrect because Statement C contradicts the passage's claim about enhanced academic performance.
  • Both A and B: Incorrect because Statement A is false according to the passage.
  • Both B and C: Incorrect because Statement C is false according to the passage.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 306

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

What will fit in the blank taken from the passage: "Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility."

  1. AOption (a)

    executive

  2. BOption (b)

    managerial

  3. COption (c)

    linguistic

  4. DOption (d)

    analytical

  5. EOption (e)

    interpersonal

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

executive

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'executive'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The term "executive functions" is a standard psychological term used to describe a set of cognitive processes that include attentional control, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as reasoning, problem-solving, and planning.
  • In the context of the passage, the blank is followed by examples such as "problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility," which are the hallmark traits of executive functions.
  • The passage discusses the cognitive advantages of bilingualism, specifically how managing two language systems enhances the brain's "executive" control.
  • The other optionsтАФ"managerial," "linguistic," "analytical," and "interpersonal"тАФdo not correctly complete the technical term used to describe these specific cognitive processes.

тАЛTherefore, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

Complete Sentence:┬аStudies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior executive functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility.

Additional Information

  • Managerial: Relating to the management or administration of an organization or business.
  • Linguistic: Relating to language or the study of languages.
  • Analytical: Relating to or using analysis or logical reasoning.
  • Interpersonal: Relating to relationships or communication between people.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 307

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Bilingualism does not contribute to long-term neurological health.

B) Language immersion classes help foster linguistic skills from a young age.

C) Multilingual individuals always avoid language interference.

  1. AOption (a)

    Only A

  2. BOption (b)

    Only B

  3. COption (c)

    Only C

  4. DOption (d)

    A and B

  5. EOption (e)

    B and C

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Only B

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option B.

Key Points

  • Statement A: Bilingualism does not contribute to long-term neurological health.
  • This statement is incorrect. The passage explicitly mentions that bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and suggests that the mental exercise involved contributes to long-term neurological health.
  • Statement B: Language immersion classes help foster linguistic skills from a young age.
  • This statement is correct as the passage states that many schools offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age.
  • Statement C: Multilingual individuals always avoid language interference.
  • This statement is incorrect. The passage notes that individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another.

Therefore, the correct answer is: тАШOnly BтАЩ.

IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 308

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

Which of the following is similar in meaning to "decline" as used in the context of the passage?

  1. AOption (a)

    Increase

  2. BOption (b)

    Deterioration

  3. COption (c)

    Stability

  4. DOption (d)

    Strength

  5. EOption (e)

    Progress

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Deterioration

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Option B i.e.,┬аDeterioration.

Key Points

  • The word "decline" refers to a gradual and continuous loss of strength, quality, or health; in the context of the passage, it refers to the worsening of cognitive functions. (рдкрддрди / рдЧрд┐рд░рд╛рд╡рдЯ)
  • Example: The doctor noted a slight decline in the patient's memory over the past year.
  • "Deterioration" refers to the process of becoming progressively worse or the state of being worn away. (рдмрд┐рдЧрд╛рдбрд╝ / рд╣реНрд░рд╛рд╕)
  • Example: The deterioration of the old building's structure made it unsafe for residents.
  • Hence, we can infer that the word similar in meaning to 'decline' is 'deterioration'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Deterioration.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Increase (рд╡реГрджреНрдзрд┐): A rise in size, amount, or degree.
  • Example: There has been a significant increase in the number of people learning a second language.
  • Stability (рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░рддрд╛): The state of being stable and not likely to change or fail.
  • Example: Economic stability is crucial for the long-term growth of any nation.
  • Strength (рд╢рдХреНрддрд┐ / рдордЬрдмреВрддреА): The quality or state of being physically or mentally strong.
  • Example: She showed great mental strength during the most challenging times of her career.
  • Progress (рдкреНрд░рдЧрддрд┐): Forward or onwards movement towards a destination or a goal.
  • Example: The researchers are making steady progress in finding a cure for the disease.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 309

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

Which of the following is similar in meaning to "relevant" as used in the context of the passage?

  1. AOption (a)

    Irrelevant

  2. BOption (b)

    Unimportant

  3. COption (c)

    Pertinent

  4. DOption (d)

    Obsolete

  5. EOption (e)

    Outdated

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Pertinent

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option C i.e.,┬аPertinent.

Key Points

  • The word "relevant" means closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered; it refers to something that has significant bearing on the matter at hand. (рдкреНрд░рд╛рд╕рдВрдЧрд┐рдХ)
  • Example: The teacher asked the students to only include relevant information in their research papers.
  • "Pertinent" refers to something that is relevant or applicable to a particular matter; it is a direct synonym for relevant in the context of being useful or applicable. (рдЙрдЪрд┐рдд/рд╕рдореНрдмрджреНрдз)
  • Example: The lawyer's pertinent questions helped the jury understand the case much better.
  • Hence, we can conclude that the word similar in meaning to 'relevant' is 'pertinent'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Pertinent.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Irrelevant (рдЕрдкреНрд░рд╛рд╕рдВрдЧрд┐рдХ): Not connected with or relevant to something; not useful in a particular situation.
  • Example: Most of the details in the story were irrelevant to the main plot.
  • Unimportant (рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рд╣реАрди): Lacking in importance or significance; not mattering much.
  • Example: It was an unimportant decision that did not affect the project's success.
  • Obsolete (рдЕрдкреНрд░рдЪрд▓рд┐рдд): No longer produced or used; out of date because something better exists.
  • Example: Gas lamps became obsolete after the invention of the electric light bulb.
  • Outdated (рдкреБрд░рд╛рдирд╛): No longer useful or acceptable; old-fashioned or not modern.
  • Example: The school's textbooks are outdated and do not contain recent scientific discoveries.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 310

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

**Directions: Read the given passage carefully to answer the following questions.

Each question will have five alternatives as its answer. Choose the correct option as your answer.**

The phenomenon of bilingualism and multilingualism has become a significant area of study within the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. Bilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use two languages proficiently. Multilingualism, on the other hand, extends this capability, allowing for the fluent use of three or more languages. With globalisation and increased mobility, the prevalence of bilingual and multilingual individuals is on the rise. Research indicates that approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual, illustrating the dynamic and interconnected nature of human communication. One of the key benefits of bilingualism and multilingualism is the cognitive advantage it affords. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit superior ___________ functions, such as problem-solving, multitasking, and cognitive flexibility. This cognitive boost is attributed to the brain's constant management of multiple language systems, which enhances mental agility and resilience. Moreover, bilingualism has been linked to a delay in the onset of dementia and other age-related cognitive declines, suggesting that the mental exercise involved in using multiple languages can contribute to long-term neurological health. In educational settings, bilingual and multilingual students often demonstrate enhanced academic performance. The skills acquired through mastering multiple languages, such as improved memory and better attention control, can translate into higher achievement across various subjects. Furthermore, multilingualism promotes cross-cultural understanding and empathy, as individuals who speak multiple languages typically possess a deeper awareness of different cultural perspectives and practices. Despite its advantages, bilingualism and multilingualism can sometimes pose challenges. For instance, individuals may experience language interference, where elements of one language erroneously influence their use of another. This can lead to errors in grammar, syntax, or vocabulary.

Additionally, the societal context plays a significant role; in some cases, bilingual individuals may face discrimination or social stigma, particularly if one of their languages is regarded as less prestigious or relevant. In addressing these challenges, support from educational and community programmes is crucial. Many schools now offer dual-language programmes or language immersion classes to foster linguistic skills from an early age. Community initiatives also play a role in preserving heritage languages and encouraging positive attitudes towards linguistic diversity. Overall, bilingualism and multilingualism represent valuable assets in our increasingly globalised world. They not only enhance cognitive and academic outcomes but also enrich social interactions and cultural understanding. As societies continue to evolve, the importance of fostering and supporting linguistic diversity cannot be overstated.

Which of the following is opposite in meaning to "benefit" as used in the context of the passage?

  1. AOption (a)

    Advantage

  2. BOption (b)

    Profit

  3. COption (c)

    Gain

  4. DOption (d)

    Downside

  5. EOption (e)

    Boon

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

Downside

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option D i.e.,┬аDownside.

Key Points

  • The word "benefit" means a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help; an advantage. (рд▓рд╛рдн / рдлрд╛рдпрджрд╛)
  • Example: One of the main benefits of regular exercise is improved cardiovascular health.
  • "Downside" refers to the negative aspect or disadvantage of something that is otherwise regarded as good or desirable. (рдирдХрд╛рд░рд╛рддреНрдордХ рдкрд╣рд▓реВ / рджреЛрд╖)
  • Example: The downside of the new job is that I have to commute for two hours every day.
  • Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'benefit' is 'downside'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Downside.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Advantage (рдлрд╛рдпрджрд╛ / рд╕реБрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛): A condition or circumstance that puts one in a favourable or superior position.
  • Example: Knowing a second language gives you a significant advantage in the job market.
  • Profit (рдореБрдирд╛рдлрд╝рд╛ / рд▓рд╛рдн): A financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent.
  • Example: The company reported a record profit during the last fiscal quarter.
  • Gain (рдмрдврд╝рдд / рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрддрд┐): An increase in wealth, resources, or a positive quality.
  • Example: The team made a significant gain in confidence after winning the tournament.
  • Boon (рд╡рд░рджрд╛рди / рдЕрдиреБрдЧреНрд░рд╣): A thing that is very helpful or beneficial.
  • Example: The invention of the internet has been a boon for researchers worldwide.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 311

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions

In the following sentence, four words given in bold are marked as A, B, C, and D, which are possible pairs to be interchanged. Choose the pair(s) of words that need to be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful. If no interchange is required, mark option 5 i.e., "No interchange required" as your answer.

The opaque (A) waters revealed a diaphanous (B) jellyfish, contrasting sharply with the pellucid (C) rocks and meretricious (D) artificial corals.

  1. AOption (a)

    B-C

  2. BOption (b)

    A-D

  3. COption (c)

    C-D

  4. DOption (d)

    A-C

  5. EOption (e)

    No interchange required

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

A-C

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. A-C.

Key Points

  • The word "opaque" (A) means not able to be seen through; not transparent or difficult to understand. (рдЕрд╕реНрдкрд╖реНрдЯ)
  • Example: The windows were so dirty that they appeared opaque.
  • The word "pellucid" (C) means translucently clear or easily understood. (рдкрд╛рд░рджрд░реНрд╢реА)
  • Example: The pellucid waters of the lake reflected the surrounding scenery beautifully.
  • In the given sentence, the words "opaque" and "pellucid" are incorrectly placed. "Opaque" should describe the rocks, and "pellucid" should describe the waters, as waters are typically clear, and rocks could be described as not transparent or opaque.

Correct sentence: The pellucid (A) waters revealed a diaphanous (B) jellyfish, contrasting sharply with the opaque (C) rocks and meretricious (D) artificial corals.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Option 1: B-C (Incorrect)
  • The word "diaphanous" (B) means light, delicate, and translucent, especially of fabric. (рд╕реВрдХреНрд╖реНрдо рдФрд░ рдкрд╛рд░рднрд╛рд╕реА)
  • Example: She wore a diaphanous dress that shimmered in the sunlight.
  • Swapping "diaphanous" with "pellucid" would not fit the context, as "jellyfish" is rightly described as diaphanous.
  • Option 2: A-D (Incorrect)
  • The word "meretricious" (D) means apparently attractive but having no real value or integrity. (рдЖрдХрд░реНрд╖рдХ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рддреБрдЪреНрдЫ)
  • Example: The house was decorated in a meretricious style, with flashy but cheap furnishings.
  • Swapping "opaque" with "meretricious" would not make sense in the context of the sentence.
  • Option 3: C-D (Incorrect)
  • Swapping "pellucid" with "meretricious" would not fit logically, as "meretricious" does not describe rocks or waters appropriately in this context.
  • Option 5: No interchange required (Incorrect)
  • The current arrangement of words is incorrect and requires swapping to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 312

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions

In the following sentence, four words given in bold are marked as A, B, C, and D, which are possible pairs to be interchanged. Choose the pair(s) of words that need to be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful. If no interchange is required, mark option 5 i.e., "No interchange required" as your answer.

Her cogent (A) arguments cut through the trenchant (B) chatter, offering a fatuous (C) analysis instead of inane (D) gossip.тАЛ

  1. AOption (a)

    B-C

  2. BOption (b)

    A-D

  3. COption (c)

    A-C

  4. DOption (d)

    B-D

  5. EOption (e)

    No interchange required

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

B-C

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. B-C.

Key Points

  • The sentence provided is: Her cogent (A) arguments cut through the trenchant (B) chatter, offering a fatuous (C) analysis instead of inane (D) gossip.
  • Let's analyze the meanings of the bold words to understand where the interchange is required:
  • Trenchant (B): Refers to something that is vigorous, sharp, or incisive in expression or style. (рддреЗрдЬ/рддреАрдЦрд╛)
  • Example: The journalist's trenchant criticism of the government exposed many flaws.
  • Fatuous (C): Refers to something that is silly or pointless. (рдореВрд░реНрдЦрддрд╛рдкреВрд░реНрдг)
  • Example: His fatuous remark made everyone question his seriousness about the situation.
  • In the sentence, the words тАЬtrenchantтАЭ (B) and тАЬfatuousтАЭ (C) are misplaced. The chatter should be described as тАЬfatuousтАЭ (silly and meaningless), and the analysis should be described as тАЬtrenchantтАЭ (sharp or incisive).

Correct sentence: Her cogent (A) arguments cut through the fatuous (B) chatter, offering a trenchant (C) analysis instead of inane (D) gossip.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. B-C.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Cogent (A): Refers to an argument that is clear, logical, and convincing. (рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡рд╢рд╛рд▓реА)
  • Example: She presented a cogent argument that won her the debate.
  • Inane (D): Refers to something that is silly, lacking meaning, or void of sense. (рдирд┐рд░рд░реНрдердХ)
  • Example: The conversation was filled with inane gossip that added no value.
  • Other options:
  • Option 2 (A-D): Interchanging these words would not make the sentence meaningful.
  • Option 3 (A-C): This would distort the meaning of the sentence.
  • Option 4 (B-D): This interchange does not address the correct placement of the words.
  • Option 5: No interchange is incorrect as the sentence in its original form is not meaningful.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 313

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions

In the following sentence, four words given in bold are marked as A, B, C, and D, which are possible pairs to be interchanged. Choose the pair(s) of words that need to be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful. If no interchange is required, mark option 5 i.e., "No interchange required" as your answer.

The critics tended to extol (A) modern artists while they would venerate (B) the classics, choosing to vituperate (C) traditional methods and castigate (D) innovation.

  1. AOption (a)

    C-D

  2. BOption (b)

    A-B

  3. COption (c)

    A-C

  4. DOption (d)

    B-D

  5. EOption (e)

    No interchange required

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

A-C

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., A-C.

Key Points

  • The word "extol" means to praise someone or something highly. (рдкреНрд░рд╢рдВрд╕рд╛ рдХрд░рдирд╛)
  • Example: She would often extol the virtues of her favorite book to everyone.
  • The word "vituperate" means to criticize someone or something harshly. (рдЧрд╛рд▓реА рджреЗрдирд╛/рджреЛрд╖ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдирд╛)
  • Example: The politician began to vituperate his opponent during the debate.
  • In the given sentence, the position of "extol" and "vituperate" is incorrect. The critics are expected to praise (extol) traditional methods and criticize (vituperate) modern artists. Therefore, their positions need to be interchanged for the sentence to be meaningful.

Correct sentence: The critics tended to vituperate (C) modern artists while they would extol (A) the classics, choosing to venerate (B) traditional methods and castigate (D) innovation.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., A-C.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Option 1: C-D (рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк C рдФрд░ D рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдирд┐рдордп)
  • Swapping these words would not make the sentence meaningful, as "castigate" (to criticize) and "innovation" (new ideas or methods) already fit the sentence context properly.
  • Option 2: A-B (рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк A рдФрд░ B рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдирд┐рдордп)
  • Swapping "extol" (praise) and "venerate" (respect deeply) would distort the meaning of the sentence. The sentence discusses praising classics and criticizing modern methods, so these words are already in their correct positions.
  • Option 4: B-D (рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк B рдФрд░ D рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдирд┐рдордп)
  • Swapping "venerate" (respect) and "castigate" (criticize) would also disrupt the logic of the sentence. These words are correctly placed in their respective positions.
  • Option 5: No interchange required (рдХреЛрдИ рд╡рд┐рдирд┐рдордп рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рдирд╣реАрдВ)
  • This option implies the sentence is already correct, which is not the case as explained above.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 314

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions

In the following sentence, four words given in bold are marked as A, B, C, and D, which are possible pairs to be interchanged. Choose the pair(s) of words that need to be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful. If no interchange is required, mark option 5 i.e., "No interchange required" as your answer.

The bellicose (A) leader forgave the pusillanimous (B) deserter, ignoring the querulous (C) complaints of his magnanimous (D) generals.

  1. AOption (a)

    A-C

  2. BOption (b)

    B-C

  3. COption (c)

    A-D

  4. DOption (d)

    C-D

  5. EOption (e)

    No interchange required

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

A-D

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. A-D.

Key Points

  • The word "bellicose" means demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. (рдЖрдХреНрд░рд╛рдордХ/рдпреБрджреНрдзрдкреНрд░рд┐рдп)
  • Example: His bellicose attitude often led to arguments with his colleagues.
  • The word "magnanimous" means being very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful. (рдЙрджрд╛рд░/рдорд╣рд╛рди)
  • Example: The magnanimous leader forgave his opponent after the heated debate.
  • In the context of the sentence, a magnanimous leader is more likely to forgive a cowardly deserter, while bellicose generals would be the ones complaining. Swapping these two words makes the sentence meaningful and grammatically correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 3 i.e. A-D.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • A-C:
  • Querulous (рд╢рд┐рдХрд╛рдпрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛): Complaining in an annoyed or whining manner.
  • Example: The querulous child kept whining about his food.
  • Swapping "bellicose" and "querulous" does not fit meaningfully in the sentence structure.
  • B-C:
  • Pusillanimous (рдХрд╛рдпрд░): Lacking courage or resolution; timid.
  • Example: Only a pusillanimous person would run away from such a small problem.
  • This swap creates illogical phrases like "pusillanimous complaints," which do not fit the context.
  • C-D:
  • Magnanimous (рдЙрджрд╛рд░/рдорд╣рд╛рди): Already explained above.
  • This swap results in "magnanimous complaints" and "querulous generals," which do not make logical sense.
  • No interchange required:
  • Leaving the sentence as is does not convey the correct meaning, as explained above.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
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Question 315

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total ______(A) over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (A)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Subservience

  2. BOption (b)

    Autonomy

  3. COption (c)

    Drudgery

  4. DOption (d)

    Captivity

  5. EOption (e)

    Compliance

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Autonomy

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Autonomy'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage discusses the phenomenon of "revenge bedtime procrastination," where individuals delay sleep to reclaim personal time.
  • The sentence indicates that the late-night hours are the only time individuals feel they have personal control or independence over their schedule.
  • "Autonomy" means the right or condition of self-government or freedom from external control, which perfectly fits the context of exercising power over one's own activities.
  • Other options ("Subservience", "Drudgery", "Captivity", "Compliance") denote lack of freedom or burdensome conditions, which is the opposite of what is sought in the late-night hours.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

┬а

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Subservience (рдЕрдзреАрдирддрд╛): Willingness to obey others unquestioningly.
  • Drudgery (рдХрдард┐рди рдкрд░рд┐рд╢реНрд░рдо): Hard menial or dull work.
  • Captivity (рдХреИрдж): The condition of being imprisoned or confined.
  • Compliance (рдЕрдиреБрдкрд╛рд▓рди): The action or fact of complying with a wish or command.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 316

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total ______(A) over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (B)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Deprivation

  2. BOption (b)

    Abundance

  3. COption (c)

    Surplus

  4. DOption (d)

    Saturation

  5. EOption (e)

    Restoration

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

Deprivation

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'deprivation'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage discusses the psychological phenomenon of "revenge bedtime procrastination" and its negative consequences.
  • The blank (B) requires a noun that describes the state of not getting enough sleep because it is being "sacrificed" for entertainment.
  • "Deprivation" is the correct term here, as it refers to the damaging lack of something considered to be a necessity (in this case, sleep).
  • Other options like "abundance" and "surplus" mean having an excess, which is the opposite of what happens when one procrastinates on sleep. "Saturation" and "restoration" do not fit the context of a negative outcome resulting from sacrifice.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

┬а

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation*. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.*

┬а

Additional Information

  • Abundance (рдкреНрд░рдЪреБрд░рддрд╛): A very large quantity of something; plenty.
  • Surplus (рдЕрдзрд┐рд╢реЗрд╖): An amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
  • Saturation (рд╕рдВрддреГрдкреНрддрд┐): The state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed or added.
  • Restoration (рдорд░рдореНрдордд/рдирд╡реАрдиреАрдХрд░рдг): The action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 317

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total ______(A) over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (C)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Obscure

  2. BOption (b)

    Translate

  3. COption (c)

    Subvert

  4. DOption (d)

    Dissolve

  5. EOption (e)

    Postpone

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Translate

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'translate'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage discusses "revenge bedtime procrastination" and the gap between a person's intention to sleep and their actual behavior.
  • The blank (C) requires a verb that means to convert or turn an idea or intention into a physical action.
  • "Translate" is the most appropriate word here, as "to translate something into action" is a standard idiomatic expression meaning to put an idea or plan into practice.
  • The other options do not fit the context: "Obscure" means to hide, "Subvert" means to undermine, "Dissolve" means to break down, and "Postpone" means to delay. While procrastinators do delay sleep, the phrase specifically refers to the failure to turn the intention into the act.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

┬а

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Obscure (рдЕрд╕реНрдкрд╖реНрдЯ рдХрд░рдирд╛): To make something unclear or difficult to understand.
  • Subvert (рдкрд▓рдЯ рджреЗрдирд╛): To undermine the power and authority of an established system or institution.
  • Dissolve (рд╕рдорд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдирд╛/рдШреЛрд▓рдирд╛): To disappear or cause something to end or disappear.
  • Postpone (рд╕реНрдердЧрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдирд╛): To arrange for something to take place at a time later than that first scheduled.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 318

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total ______(A) over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (D)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Replenished

  2. BOption (b)

    Amplified

  3. COption (c)

    Depleted

  4. DOption (d)

    Fortified

  5. EOption (e)

    Augmented

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Depleted

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'depleted'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage discusses the psychological phenomenon of "revenge bedtime procrastination" and how daily stress affects willpower.
  • The sentence explains that a "gruelling workday" uses up cognitive resources, making it hard to stop scrolling and go to sleep.
  • "Depleted" means used up or exhausted, which fits the context of resources being drained by a demanding day.
  • Other options ("replenished", "amplified", "fortified", "augmented") suggest an increase or strengthening, which contradicts the idea of a "gruelling" day causing a lack of willpower.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option C'.

┬а

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are depleted by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Replenished (рдлрд┐рд░ рд╕реЗ рднрд░рдирд╛): To fill something up again after it has been used or emptied.
  • Amplified (рдкреНрд░рд╡рд░реНрдзрд┐рдд): To increase the volume, strength, or amount of something.
  • Fortified (рдордЬрдмреВрдд): To make a place or a person's willpower stronger.
  • Augmented (рд╕рдВрд╡рд░реНрдзрд┐рдд): To increase the size, amount, or value of something.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 319

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total ______(A) over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (E)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Bolster

  2. BOption (b)

    Impair

  3. COption (c)

    Elevate

  4. DOption (d)

    Refine

  5. EOption (e)

    Mitigate

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Impair

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'impair'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage discusses the negative consequences of "revenge bedtime procrastination" and the resulting sleep deficit.
  • The blank (E) requires a verb that describes the negative effect of a sleep deficit on "cognitive functions."
  • "Impair" means to weaken or damage something (especially a human faculty or function), which perfectly fits the context of how lack of sleep affects mental processes.
  • The context provides further clues like "daytime fatigue" and "reduced productivity," which are outcomes of impaired cognitive functions.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

┬а

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are depleted by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly impair cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Bolster (рдордЬрдмреВрдд рдХрд░рдирд╛): To support or strengthen; the opposite of what a sleep deficit does to cognitive functions.
  • Elevate (рдмрдврд╝рд╛рдирд╛/рдКрдВрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░рдирд╛): To raise or lift to a higher position or level.
  • Refine (рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдирд╛): To improve something by making small changes.
  • Mitigate (рдХрдо рдХрд░рдирд╛): To make something bad (like a problem or pain) less severe or serious. While it deals with negative things, one does not "mitigate" a function; one mitigates a risk or an effect.
IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)┬╖English Language
View full paper

Question 320

IBPS Probationary Officer (PO) 2025тАв English LanguageтАв English Language

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total ______(A) over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

Which of the following is the most appropriate option to fill in the blank labelled as (F)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Immune

  2. BOption (b)

    Insulated

  3. COption (c)

    Resistant

  4. DOption (d)

    Susceptible

  5. EOption (e)

    Indifferent

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

Susceptible

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'susceptible'.

┬а

Key Points

  • The passage discusses the psychological phenomenon of revenge bedtime procrastination and its impact on mental and physical health.
  • The sentence indicates that poor sleep reduces emotional resilience, which makes a person more likely to be affected or harmed by stress.
  • "Susceptible" fits perfectly here as it means likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
  • Other options like "immune", "insulated", and "resistant" are antonyms in this context, suggesting protection from stress, which contradicts the idea of reduced resilience.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option D'.

┬а

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are depleted by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly impair cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more susceptible to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

┬а

Additional Information

  • Immune (рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд): Resistant to a particular infection or negative influence.
  • Insulated (рдЕрдЫреВрддрд╛/рдЕрд▓рдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ): Protected from something unpleasant or dangerous.
  • Resistant (рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд░реЛрдзреА): Able to withstand or exert force against something.
  • Indifferent (рдЙрджрд╛рд╕реАрди): Having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.
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How should I prepare for English Comprehension in IBPS Probationary Officer (PO)?

Solving previous year questions by topic helps identify recurring concepts, question patterns, and frequently asked sub-topics. Attempt each question, review the step-by-step explanation, and note down key formulas or facts for quick revision before the exam.