IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 August 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Given: Nine individuals, A, C, L, M, N, Q, T, V, and W, are employed in three different departments: Research, Logistics, and Finance, but not necessarily in the same order. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

1. A does not work in the Finance department.  2. Both W and A work in the same department, but not with V. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. T does not work in the Research department. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. N works only with M. 

Here, we have a subcase of Case 2, i.e., Case 2 (i).

 

5. L and C are in the same department.  6. C does not work in the same department as T. 

 

7. Not more than three people can work in the Research department. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1 and Case 1a.

 

8. Q does not work in the same department as L.

 

9. V does not work in the Finance department.  10. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2 (i) and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is V.

Given: Nine individuals, A, C, L, M, N, Q, T, V, and W, are employed in three different departments: Research, Logistics, and Finance, but not necessarily in the same order. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

1. A does not work in the Finance department. 
2. Both W and A work in the same department, but not with V. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. T does not work in the Research department. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. N works only with M. 

Here, we have a subcase of Case 2, i.e., Case 2 (i).

 

5. L and C are in the same department. 
6. C does not work in the same department as T. 

 

7. Not more than three people can work in the Research department. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1 and Case 1a.

 

8. Q does not work in the same department as L.

 

9. V does not work in the Finance department. 
10. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2 (i) and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Finance.

Given: Nine individuals, A, C, L, M, N, Q, T, V, and W, are employed in three different departments: Research, Logistics, and Finance, but not necessarily in the same order. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

1. A does not work in the Finance department. 
2. Both W and A work in the same department, but not with V. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. T does not work in the Research department. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. N works only with M. 

Here, we have a subcase of Case 2, i.e., Case 2 (i).

 

5. L and C are in the same department. 
6. C does not work in the same department as T. 

 

7. Not more than three people can work in the Research department. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1 and Case 1a.

 

8. Q does not work in the same department as L.

 

9. V does not work in the Finance department. 
10. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2 (i) and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is W and T.

Given: Nine individuals, A, C, L, M, N, Q, T, V, and W, are employed in three different departments: Research, Logistics, and Finance, but not necessarily in the same order. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

1. A does not work in the Finance department. 
2. Both W and A work in the same department, but not with V. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. T does not work in the Research department. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. N works only with M. 

Here, we have a subcase of Case 2, i.e., Case 2 (i).

 

5. L and C are in the same department. 
6. C does not work in the same department as T. 

 

7. Not more than three people can work in the Research department. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1 and Case 1a.

 

8. Q does not work in the same department as L.

 

9. V does not work in the Finance department. 
10. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2 (i) and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Sum of the people = 4 + 3 = 7

Hence, the correct answer is More than six.

Given: Nine individuals, A, C, L, M, N, Q, T, V, and W, are employed in three different departments: Research, Logistics, and Finance, but not necessarily in the same order. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

1. A does not work in the Finance department. 
2. Both W and A work in the same department, but not with V. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. T does not work in the Research department. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. N works only with M. 

Here, we have a subcase of Case 2, i.e., Case 2 (i).

 

5. L and C are in the same department. 
6. C does not work in the same department as T. 

 

7. Not more than three people can work in the Research department. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1 and Case 1a.

 

8. Q does not work in the same department as L.

 

9. V does not work in the Finance department. 
10. Each department has at least two but not more than four people.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2 (i) and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Except for V, all others work in the same department.

Hence, the correct answer is V.

Given: Anika starts from point R.

1. Anika starts from point R and travels 25 km towards the North. 2. Then she turns right and travels 20 km. 3. After that, she again turns right and travels 35 km, reaching point Q. 4. From point Q, she moves east for 40 km and reaches point Z.

5. From there, she takes a left turn and travels 30 km to reach point K.
6. Finally, from point K, she turns left again and travels 50 km to reach her final point M.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is North-East.

Given: Anika starts from point R.

1. Anika starts from point R and travels 25 km towards the North.
2. Then she turns right and travels 20 km.
3. After that, she again turns right and travels 35 km, reaching point Q.
4. From point Q, she moves east for 40 km and reaches point Z.

5. From there, she takes a left turn and travels 30 km to reach point K.
6. Finally, from point K, she turns left again and travels 50 km to reach her final point M.

This is our final arrangement,

Distance = 25 + 20 + 35 = 80 km.

Hence, the correct answer is 80 km.

Given: Anika starts from point R.

1. Anika starts from point R and travels 25 km towards the North.
2. Then she turns right and travels 20 km.
3. After that, she again turns right and travels 35 km, reaching point Q.
4. From point Q, she moves east for 40 km and reaches point Z.

5. From there, she takes a left turn and travels 30 km to reach point K.
6. Finally, from point K, she turns left again and travels 50 km to reach her final point M.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is North-East.

Statements: A ≥ D < H, M > R = A

After combining,

M > R = A ≥ D < H

Conclusions:

I. R ≥ H: False (R = A ≥ D < H; opposite signs between the elements)

II. M > D: True (M > R = A ≥ D; M > D)

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion II follows.

Statements: Z ≥ B ≥ F > L > C; F ≥ T = U; L > E ≥ G

Conclusions:

I. Z > G: True (Z ≥ B ≥ F > L > E ≥ G; Z > G)

II. B ≥ E: False (B ≥ F > L > E; B > E)

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion I follows.

Statements: P < K = N < S; V > X ≥ S < J; Q < Y < X

Conclusions:

I. P < V: True (P < K = N < S ≤ X < V; P < V)

II. Q < N: False (N < S ≤ X > Y > Q; opposite signs between the elements)

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion I follows.

Given: Six individuals, B, E, H, L, P, and Y, enjoy different countries’ foods: Pizza, Sushi, Burger, Pasta, Tacos, and Noodles, on six different days from Monday to Saturday, not necessarily in the same order.

1. There is a gap of one day between B and H, and one of them enjoys Burger.  2. H enjoys food after B.  3. E enjoys food immediately before B, and E does not enjoy Pasta or Pizza.  4. P enjoys food immediately after H, but neither of them enjoys Pasta nor Pizza.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

5. Y enjoys Tacos after B, but not on the last day.

 

6. The person who enjoys food immediately after L likes Sushi.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

7. Neither L nor H enjoys Pizza. 

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is L.

Given: Six individuals, B, E, H, L, P, and Y, enjoy different countries’ foods: Pizza, Sushi, Burger, Pasta, Tacos, and Noodles, on six different days from Monday to Saturday, not necessarily in the same order.

1. There is a gap of one day between B and H, and one of them enjoys Burger. 
2. H enjoys food after B. 
3. E enjoys food immediately before B, and E does not enjoy Pasta or Pizza. 
4. P enjoys food immediately after H, but neither of them enjoys Pasta nor Pizza.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

5. Y enjoys Tacos after B, but not on the last day.

 

6. The person who enjoys food immediately after L likes Sushi.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

7. Neither L nor H enjoys Pizza. 

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is E.

Given: Six individuals, B, E, H, L, P, and Y, enjoy different countries’ foods: Pizza, Sushi, Burger, Pasta, Tacos, and Noodles, on six different days from Monday to Saturday, not necessarily in the same order.

1. There is a gap of one day between B and H, and one of them enjoys Burger. 
2. H enjoys food after B. 
3. E enjoys food immediately before B, and E does not enjoy Pasta or Pizza. 
4. P enjoys food immediately after H, but neither of them enjoys Pasta nor Pizza.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

5. Y enjoys Tacos after B, but not on the last day.

 

6. The person who enjoys food immediately after L likes Sushi.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

7. Neither L nor H enjoys Pizza. 

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Two.

Given: Six individuals, B, E, H, L, P, and Y, enjoy different countries’ foods: Pizza, Sushi, Burger, Pasta, Tacos, and Noodles, on six different days from Monday to Saturday, not necessarily in the same order.

1. There is a gap of one day between B and H, and one of them enjoys Burger. 
2. H enjoys food after B. 
3. E enjoys food immediately before B, and E does not enjoy Pasta or Pizza. 
4. P enjoys food immediately after H, but neither of them enjoys Pasta nor Pizza.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

5. Y enjoys Tacos after B, but not on the last day.

 

6. The person who enjoys food immediately after L likes Sushi.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

7. Neither L nor H enjoys Pizza. 

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Pizza.

Given: Six individuals, B, E, H, L, P, and Y, enjoy different countries’ foods: Pizza, Sushi, Burger, Pasta, Tacos, and Noodles, on six different days from Monday to Saturday, not necessarily in the same order.

1. There is a gap of one day between B and H, and one of them enjoys Burger. 
2. H enjoys food after B. 
3. E enjoys food immediately before B, and E does not enjoy Pasta or Pizza. 
4. P enjoys food immediately after H, but neither of them enjoys Pasta nor Pizza.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

5. Y enjoys Tacos after B, but not on the last day.

 

6. The person who enjoys food immediately after L likes Sushi.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

7. Neither L nor H enjoys Pizza. 

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Three.

Option 1: B + 2 = D, D + 2 = F

Option 2: H + 2 = J, J + 2 = L

Option 3: N + 2 = P, P + 2 = R

Option 4: T + 2 = V, V + 2 = X

Option 5: K + 2 = M, M + 2 = O ≠ N

Hence, the correct answer is KMN.

Given: Seven individuals, A, D, F, J, K, L, and X, are seated around a circular table. Some of them are facing towards the center, while others are facing away from the center. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

1. Person A sits third to the left of D.  2. Person F sits two places away from A and is not an immediate neighbor of D. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. Person J sits third to the right of F and is not adjacent to D.

4. Exactly two people sit between J and K.
5. Person X is not an immediate neighbor of J.

6. Person L faces towards the center.  7. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

8. Persons A and J face in the opposite direction to K. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

Hence, the correct answer is F.

Given: Seven individuals, A, D, F, J, K, L, and X, are seated around a circular table. Some of them are facing towards the center, while others are facing away from the center. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

1. Person A sits third to the left of D. 
2. Person F sits two places away from A and is not an immediate neighbor of D. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. Person J sits third to the right of F and is not adjacent to D.

4. Exactly two people sit between J and K.
5. Person X is not an immediate neighbor of J.

6. Person L faces towards the center. 
7. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

8. Persons A and J face in the opposite direction to K. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

Hence, the correct answer is Three.

Given: Seven individuals, A, D, F, J, K, L, and X, are seated around a circular table. Some of them are facing towards the center, while others are facing away from the center. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

1. Person A sits third to the left of D. 
2. Person F sits two places away from A and is not an immediate neighbor of D. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. Person J sits third to the right of F and is not adjacent to D.

4. Exactly two people sit between J and K.
5. Person X is not an immediate neighbor of J.

6. Person L faces towards the center. 
7. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

8. Persons A and J face in the opposite direction to K. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

Hence, the correct answer is A faces outside.

Given: Seven individuals, A, D, F, J, K, L, and X, are seated around a circular table. Some of them are facing towards the center, while others are facing away from the center. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

1. Person A sits third to the left of D. 
2. Person F sits two places away from A and is not an immediate neighbor of D. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. Person J sits third to the right of F and is not adjacent to D.

4. Exactly two people sit between J and K.
5. Person X is not an immediate neighbor of J.

6. Person L faces towards the center. 
7. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

8. Persons A and J face in the opposite direction to K. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

Hence, the correct answer is J.

Given: Seven individuals, A, D, F, J, K, L, and X, are seated around a circular table. Some of them are facing towards the center, while others are facing away from the center. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

1. Person A sits third to the left of D. 
2. Person F sits two places away from A and is not an immediate neighbor of D. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. Person J sits third to the right of F and is not adjacent to D.

4. Exactly two people sit between J and K.
5. Person X is not an immediate neighbor of J.

6. Person L faces towards the center. 
7. No more than two people facing the same direction sit consecutively.

8. Persons A and J face in the opposite direction to K. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

Hence, the correct answer is A.

Given: Eight family members, namely, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, live together. Among them, there are two married couples.

1. C is the only daughter of B’s only son. 
2. F is the daughter of B, and B is the mother-in-law of G. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. A is the father of E, and E is the husband of G. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

4. D is the uncle of E.
5. D is not the brother of A.
6. F has only one nephew. 

This is our final family tree,

Hence, the correct answer is Mother.

Given: Eight family members, namely, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, live together. Among them, there are two married couples.

1. C is the only daughter of B’s only son. 
2. F is the daughter of B, and B is the mother-in-law of G. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. A is the father of E, and E is the husband of G. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

4. D is the uncle of E.
5. D is not the brother of A.
6. F has only one nephew. 

This is our final family tree,

Hence, the correct answer is Brother.

Given: Eight family members, namely, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, live together. Among them, there are two married couples.

1. C is the only daughter of B’s only son. 
2. F is the daughter of B, and B is the mother-in-law of G. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. A is the father of E, and E is the husband of G. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

4. D is the uncle of E.
5. D is not the brother of A.
6. F has only one nephew. 

This is our final family tree,

Hence, the correct answer is Four.

Given word: CONVERSATION

The first, fourth, fifth, and eighth letters from the left end are = C, V, E, A

Meaningful word = CAVE

Hence, the correct answer is One.

Given: Eight boxes, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, are kept one above another but not necessarily in the same order. These boxes contain different fruits, namely Apple, Banana, Mango, Orange, Grapes, Pineapple, Guava, and Papaya, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Three boxes are kept above the box that contains Papaya. 2. Box T contains Grapes and is kept at the bottom. 
2. There are two boxes between box S and the box containing Papaya. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. Four boxes are kept between box S and box R.  5. Two boxes are kept between the box containing Grapes and the box containing Guava. 

 

6. The Banana is kept in a box just above the box containing Grapes. 

 

7. Box P contains Orange and is kept at one of the places below box R but above box S. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

8. Only one box is kept between box P and box U, which contains Mango.

 

9. Box R doesn't contain Apple and Banana. 

 

10. Box Q doesn't contain Papaya and Guava. 11. Box V doesn't contain Guava. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Box V.

Given: Eight boxes, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, are kept one above another but not necessarily in the same order. These boxes contain different fruits, namely Apple, Banana, Mango, Orange, Grapes, Pineapple, Guava, and Papaya, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Three boxes are kept above the box that contains Papaya.
2. Box T contains Grapes and is kept at the bottom. 
3. There are two boxes between box S and the box containing Papaya. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. Four boxes are kept between box S and box R. 
5. Two boxes are kept between the box containing Grapes and the box containing Guava. 

 

6. The Banana is kept in a box just above the box containing Grapes. 

 

7. Box P contains Orange and is kept at one of the places below box R but above box S. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

8. Only one box is kept between box P and box U, which contains Mango.

 

9. Box R doesn't contain Apple and Banana. 

 

10. Box Q doesn't contain Papaya and Guava.
11. Box V doesn't contain Guava. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Five.

Given: Eight boxes, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, are kept one above another but not necessarily in the same order. These boxes contain different fruits, namely Apple, Banana, Mango, Orange, Grapes, Pineapple, Guava, and Papaya, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Three boxes are kept above the box that contains Papaya.
2. Box T contains Grapes and is kept at the bottom. 
3. There are two boxes between box S and the box containing Papaya. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. Four boxes are kept between box S and box R. 
5. Two boxes are kept between the box containing Grapes and the box containing Guava. 

 

6. The Banana is kept in a box just above the box containing Grapes. 

 

7. Box P contains Orange and is kept at one of the places below box R but above box S. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

8. Only one box is kept between box P and box U, which contains Mango.

 

9. Box R doesn't contain Apple and Banana. 

 

10. Box Q doesn't contain Papaya and Guava.
11. Box V doesn't contain Guava. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Banana.

Given: Eight boxes, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, are kept one above another but not necessarily in the same order. These boxes contain different fruits, namely Apple, Banana, Mango, Orange, Grapes, Pineapple, Guava, and Papaya, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Three boxes are kept above the box that contains Papaya.
2. Box T contains Grapes and is kept at the bottom. 
3. There are two boxes between box S and the box containing Papaya. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. Four boxes are kept between box S and box R. 
5. Two boxes are kept between the box containing Grapes and the box containing Guava. 

 

6. The Banana is kept in a box just above the box containing Grapes. 

 

7. Box P contains Orange and is kept at one of the places below box R but above box S. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

8. Only one box is kept between box P and box U, which contains Mango.

 

9. Box R doesn't contain Apple and Banana. 

 

10. Box Q doesn't contain Papaya and Guava.
11. Box V doesn't contain Guava. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Box V.

Given: Eight boxes, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, are kept one above another but not necessarily in the same order. These boxes contain different fruits, namely Apple, Banana, Mango, Orange, Grapes, Pineapple, Guava, and Papaya, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Three boxes are kept above the box that contains Papaya.
2. Box T contains Grapes and is kept at the bottom. 
3. There are two boxes between box S and the box containing Papaya. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

4. Four boxes are kept between box S and box R. 
5. Two boxes are kept between the box containing Grapes and the box containing Guava. 

 

6. The Banana is kept in a box just above the box containing Grapes. 

 

7. Box P contains Orange and is kept at one of the places below box R but above box S. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

8. Only one box is kept between box P and box U, which contains Mango.

 

9. Box R doesn't contain Apple and Banana. 

 

10. Box Q doesn't contain Papaya and Guava.
11. Box V doesn't contain Guava. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Box U.

Given number: 58391746

Hence, the correct answer is More than three.

Given: A certain number of persons are seated in a straight row, all facing North.

1. K has only one person to its left. 
2. The number of persons to the left of K is equal to the number of persons to the right of T.  3. T sits third to the right of F. 4. There are three persons between C and F. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. A sits fourth to the left of C.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

6. The number of persons between A and F is the same as the number of persons between C and K. 
7. There are five persons between A and H. 

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is 18.

Given: A certain number of persons are seated in a straight row, all facing North.

1. K has only one person to its left. 
2. The number of persons to the left of K is equal to the number of persons to the right of T. 
3. T sits third to the right of F.
4. There are three persons between C and F. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. A sits fourth to the left of C.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

6. The number of persons between A and F is the same as the number of persons between C and K. 
7. There are five persons between A and H. 

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is C.

Given: A certain number of persons are seated in a straight row, all facing North.

1. K has only one person to its left. 
2. The number of persons to the left of K is equal to the number of persons to the right of T. 
3. T sits third to the right of F.
4. There are three persons between C and F. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. A sits fourth to the left of C.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

6. The number of persons between A and F is the same as the number of persons between C and K. 
7. There are five persons between A and H. 

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is More than six.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. A-C.

Key Points

• The word "opaque" (A) means not able to be seen through; not transparent or difficult to understand. (अस्पष्ट)
• Example: The windows were so dirty that they appeared opaque.
• The word "pellucid" (C) means translucently clear or easily understood. (पारदर्शी)
• Example: The pellucid waters of the lake reflected the surrounding scenery beautifully.
• In the given sentence, the words "opaque" and "pellucid" are incorrectly placed. "Opaque" should describe the rocks, and "pellucid" should describe the waters, as waters are typically clear, and rocks could be described as not transparent or opaque.

Correct sentence: The pellucid (A) waters revealed a diaphanous (B) jellyfish, contrasting sharply with the opaque (C) rocks and meretricious (D) artificial corals.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: B-C (Incorrect)
• The word "diaphanous" (B) means light, delicate, and translucent, especially of fabric. (सूक्ष्म और पारभासी)
• Example: She wore a diaphanous dress that shimmered in the sunlight.
• Swapping "diaphanous" with "pellucid" would not fit the context, as "jellyfish" is rightly described as diaphanous.
• Option 2: A-D (Incorrect)
• The word "meretricious" (D) means apparently attractive but having no real value or integrity. (आकर्षक लेकिन तुच्छ)
• Example: The house was decorated in a meretricious style, with flashy but cheap furnishings.
• Swapping "opaque" with "meretricious" would not make sense in the context of the sentence.
• Option 3: C-D (Incorrect)
• Swapping "pellucid" with "meretricious" would not fit logically, as "meretricious" does not describe rocks or waters appropriately in this context.
• Option 5: No interchange required (Incorrect)
• The current arrangement of words is incorrect and requires swapping to make the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. B-C.

Key Points

• The sentence provided is: Her cogent (A) arguments cut through the trenchant (B) chatter, offering a fatuous (C) analysis instead of inane (D) gossip.
• Let's analyze the meanings of the bold words to understand where the interchange is required:
• Trenchant (B): Refers to something that is vigorous, sharp, or incisive in expression or style. (तेज/तीखा)
• Example: The journalist's trenchant criticism of the government exposed many flaws.
• Fatuous (C): Refers to something that is silly or pointless. (मूर्खतापूर्ण)
• Example: His fatuous remark made everyone question his seriousness about the situation.
• In the sentence, the words “trenchant” (B) and “fatuous” (C) are misplaced. The chatter should be described as “fatuous” (silly and meaningless), and the analysis should be described as “trenchant” (sharp or incisive).

Correct sentence: Her cogent (A) arguments cut through the fatuous (B) chatter, offering a trenchant (C) analysis instead of inane (D) gossip.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. B-C.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Cogent (A): Refers to an argument that is clear, logical, and convincing. (प्रभावशाली)
• Example: She presented a cogent argument that won her the debate.
• Inane (D): Refers to something that is silly, lacking meaning, or void of sense. (निरर्थक)
• Example: The conversation was filled with inane gossip that added no value.
• Other options:
• Option 2 (A-D): Interchanging these words would not make the sentence meaningful.
• Option 3 (A-C): This would distort the meaning of the sentence.
• Option 4 (B-D): This interchange does not address the correct placement of the words.
• Option 5: No interchange is incorrect as the sentence in its original form is not meaningful.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., A-C.

Key Points

• The word "extol" means to praise someone or something highly. (प्रशंसा करना)
• Example: She would often extol the virtues of her favorite book to everyone.
• The word "vituperate" means to criticize someone or something harshly. (गाली देना/दोष लगाना)
• Example: The politician began to vituperate his opponent during the debate.
• In the given sentence, the position of "extol" and "vituperate" is incorrect. The critics are expected to praise (extol) traditional methods and criticize (vituperate) modern artists. Therefore, their positions need to be interchanged for the sentence to be meaningful.

Correct sentence: The critics tended to vituperate (C) modern artists while they would extol (A) the classics, choosing to venerate (B) traditional methods and castigate (D) innovation.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., A-C.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1: C-D (विकल्प C और D का विनिमय)
• Swapping these words would not make the sentence meaningful, as "castigate" (to criticize) and "innovation" (new ideas or methods) already fit the sentence context properly.
• Option 2: A-B (विकल्प A और B का विनिमय)
• Swapping "extol" (praise) and "venerate" (respect deeply) would distort the meaning of the sentence. The sentence discusses praising classics and criticizing modern methods, so these words are already in their correct positions.
• Option 4: B-D (विकल्प B और D का विनिमय)
• Swapping "venerate" (respect) and "castigate" (criticize) would also disrupt the logic of the sentence. These words are correctly placed in their respective positions.
• Option 5: No interchange required (कोई विनिमय आवश्यक नहीं)
• This option implies the sentence is already correct, which is not the case as explained above.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. A-D.

Key Points

• The word "bellicose" means demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. (आक्रामक/युद्धप्रिय)
• Example: His bellicose attitude often led to arguments with his colleagues.
• The word "magnanimous" means being very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful. (उदार/महान)
• Example: The magnanimous leader forgave his opponent after the heated debate.
• In the context of the sentence, a magnanimous leader is more likely to forgive a cowardly deserter, while bellicose generals would be the ones complaining. Swapping these two words makes the sentence meaningful and grammatically correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 3 i.e. A-D.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• A-C:
• Querulous (शिकायत करने वाला): Complaining in an annoyed or whining manner.
• Example: The querulous child kept whining about his food.
• Swapping "bellicose" and "querulous" does not fit meaningfully in the sentence structure.
• B-C:
• Pusillanimous (कायर): Lacking courage or resolution; timid.
• Example: Only a pusillanimous person would run away from such a small problem.
• This swap creates illogical phrases like "pusillanimous complaints," which do not fit the context.
• C-D:
• Magnanimous (उदार/महान): Already explained above.
• This swap results in "magnanimous complaints" and "querulous generals," which do not make logical sense.
• No interchange required:
• Leaving the sentence as is does not convey the correct meaning, as explained above.

The correct answer is 'Autonomy'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the phenomenon of "revenge bedtime procrastination," where individuals delay sleep to reclaim personal time.
• The sentence indicates that the late-night hours are the only time individuals feel they have personal control or independence over their schedule.
• "Autonomy" means the right or condition of self-government or freedom from external control, which perfectly fits the context of exercising power over one's own activities.
• Other options ("Subservience", "Drudgery", "Captivity", "Compliance") denote lack of freedom or burdensome conditions, which is the opposite of what is sought in the late-night hours.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

 

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep ______(B). Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

 

Additional Information

• Subservience (अधीनता): Willingness to obey others unquestioningly.
• Drudgery (कठिन परिश्रम): Hard menial or dull work.
• Captivity (कैद): The condition of being imprisoned or confined.
• Compliance (अनुपालन): The action or fact of complying with a wish or command.

The correct answer is 'deprivation'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the psychological phenomenon of "revenge bedtime procrastination" and its negative consequences.
• The blank (B) requires a noun that describes the state of not getting enough sleep because it is being "sacrificed" for entertainment.
• "Deprivation" is the correct term here, as it refers to the damaging lack of something considered to be a necessity (in this case, sleep).
• Other options like "abundance" and "surplus" mean having an excess, which is the opposite of what happens when one procrastinates on sleep. "Saturation" and "restoration" do not fit the context of a negative outcome resulting from sacrifice.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

 

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation*. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to ______(C) that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.*

 

Additional Information

• Abundance (प्रचुरता): A very large quantity of something; plenty.
• Surplus (अधिशेष): An amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
• Saturation (संतृप्ति): The state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed or added.
• Restoration (मरम्मत/नवीनीकरण): The action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.

The correct answer is 'translate'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses "revenge bedtime procrastination" and the gap between a person's intention to sleep and their actual behavior.
• The blank (C) requires a verb that means to convert or turn an idea or intention into a physical action.
• "Translate" is the most appropriate word here, as "to translate something into action" is a standard idiomatic expression meaning to put an idea or plan into practice.
• The other options do not fit the context: "Obscure" means to hide, "Subvert" means to undermine, "Dissolve" means to break down, and "Postpone" means to delay. While procrastinators do delay sleep, the phrase specifically refers to the failure to turn the intention into the act.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are ______(D) by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

 

Additional Information

• Obscure (अस्पष्ट करना): To make something unclear or difficult to understand.
• Subvert (पलट देना): To undermine the power and authority of an established system or institution.
• Dissolve (समाप्त करना/घोलना): To disappear or cause something to end or disappear.
• Postpone (स्थगित करना): To arrange for something to take place at a time later than that first scheduled.

The correct answer is 'depleted'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the psychological phenomenon of "revenge bedtime procrastination" and how daily stress affects willpower.
• The sentence explains that a "gruelling workday" uses up cognitive resources, making it hard to stop scrolling and go to sleep.
• "Depleted" means used up or exhausted, which fits the context of resources being drained by a demanding day.
• Other options ("replenished", "amplified", "fortified", "augmented") suggest an increase or strengthening, which contradicts the idea of a "gruelling" day causing a lack of willpower.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option C'.

 

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are depleted by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly ______(E) cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

 

Additional Information

• Replenished (फिर से भरना): To fill something up again after it has been used or emptied.
• Amplified (प्रवर्धित): To increase the volume, strength, or amount of something.
• Fortified (मजबूत): To make a place or a person's willpower stronger.
• Augmented (संवर्धित): To increase the size, amount, or value of something.

The correct answer is 'impair'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the negative consequences of "revenge bedtime procrastination" and the resulting sleep deficit.
• The blank (E) requires a verb that describes the negative effect of a sleep deficit on "cognitive functions."
• "Impair" means to weaken or damage something (especially a human faculty or function), which perfectly fits the context of how lack of sleep affects mental processes.
• The context provides further clues like "daytime fatigue" and "reduced productivity," which are outcomes of impaired cognitive functions.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

 

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are depleted by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly impair cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more ______(F) to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

 

Additional Information

• Bolster (मजबूत करना): To support or strengthen; the opposite of what a sleep deficit does to cognitive functions.
• Elevate (बढ़ाना/ऊंचा करना): To raise or lift to a higher position or level.
• Refine (सुधारना): To improve something by making small changes.
• Mitigate (कम करना): To make something bad (like a problem or pain) less severe or serious. While it deals with negative things, one does not "mitigate" a function; one mitigates a risk or an effect.

The correct answer is 'susceptible'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the psychological phenomenon of revenge bedtime procrastination and its impact on mental and physical health.
• The sentence indicates that poor sleep reduces emotional resilience, which makes a person more likely to be affected or harmed by stress.
• "Susceptible" fits perfectly here as it means likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
• Other options like "immune", "insulated", and "resistant" are antonyms in this context, suggesting protection from stress, which contradicts the idea of reduced resilience.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option D'.

 

Complete Passage: In an era defined by constant connectivity and demanding work cultures, a peculiar psychological phenomenon has taken centre stage: revenge bedtime procrastination. This term describes the decision to delay sleep in response to a perceived lack of free time during the day. For many, the late-night hours represent the only sliver of the day where they can exercise total autonomy over their activities. Consequently, individuals willingly sacrifice crucial rest to engage in entertainment, scrolling through social media, or binge-watching shows activities that offer immediate gratification but ultimately lead to chronic sleep deprivation. Psychologists suggest that this behaviour is not merely a sign of laziness; rather, it highlights a profound failure of self-regulation. Interestingly, research indicates that bedtime procrastinators usually possess the intention to sleep but fail to translate that intention into action. This disconnect between intention and behaviour is often exacerbated by daytime stress. When cognitive resources are depleted by a gruelling workday, the willpower required to shut off a screen and turn off the lights is severely compromised. The consequences of this habit are far from benign. Over time, the resulting sleep deficit can significantly impair cognitive functions, leading to daytime fatigue, reduced productivity, and heightened irritability. Furthermore, it creates a vicious cycle: poor sleep reduces emotional resilience the following day, making individuals more susceptible to stress, which in turn fuels the urge to procrastinate again at night.

 

Additional Information

• Immune (प्रतिरक्षित): Resistant to a particular infection or negative influence.
• Insulated (अछूता/अलग किया हुआ): Protected from something unpleasant or dangerous.
• Resistant (प्रतिरोधी): Able to withstand or exert force against something.
• Indifferent (उदासीन): Having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The error in part A of a sentence, the error is in usage 'Absolute'
• Here, we need to use the adverb form of 'Absolute'
• Hence we need to replace 'Absolute' with 'Absolutely'

Correct sentence - Absolutely no deterrent to this kind of behavior.​

Additional Information

• Adverbs usually end with 'ly'.
• If any additional information is given regarding verbs then it is considered as an adverb.
• In the given sentence the adverb absolutely Describes the verb deterrent

The correct answer is option 3.

 

• The error is in Part C of the sentence, the error is in use of or.
• Coordinate adjectives should be separated by a comma or the word and.
• Adjectives are said to be coordinated if they modify the same noun in a sentence.
• Hence in the given sentence 'or' should be replaced with 'and'.​

Correct sentence*-* When state politics mattered to national electoral outcomes, fiscal and administrative centralization persisted despite nearly two decades of coalition governments

 

• Adjective is the word that gives additional information regarding the noun.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points 

• The error in part B of a sentence, the error is in usage 'main'
• Here, we need to use the adverb form of 'main'
• Hence we need to replace 'main' with 'mainly'

Correct answer - Representatives of various trader bodies claimed that crowding is mainly due to the presence of street vendors and it is up to the administration to prevent it.

Additional Information

• Adverbs usually end with 'ly'.
• If any additional information is given regarding verbs then it is considered as an adverb.
• In the given sentence the adverb mainly Describes the verb crowding.

The correct answer is B-D.

Key Points

• Let's look at the correct combinations:
• A-F: Once we establish our goals, we will identify more potential employers.
• B-D: It is a current event with lots of twists and turns.
• C-E: The two sides positively appraised the smooth completion of disengagement of frontline troops.
• ​The combination A-F is contextually correct as part A states 'Once we establish our goals', and part F sequentially completes the sentence stating 'we will identify more potential employers'.
• The combination B-D is contextually correct as part B states 'It is a current event', and part D completes the sentence stating 'with lots of twists and turns'.
• The combination C-E is contextually correct as part C states, **'The two sides positively appraised the smooth', and part E completes the sentence stating 'completion of disengagement of frontline troops'.

Hence, the only correct combination in the options is B-D.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The first sentence is B as it introduces the topic of History and its division into three categories.
• D will follow B as D is about the early mediaeval period. There is no sentence about the first category – antiquity.
• F follows D as it is about the middle mediaeval period – a period directly after the early mediaeval period.
• Sentence 4 with ‘also’ states another positive factor about the middle mediaeval period – the establishment of feudalism and manorialism.
• C follows directly after 4 with ‘This period’ which states other positive factors about the middle mediaeval period, namely the birth of universities and the age of reason over faith.
• E follows C by stating ‘however’ – and goes on to state the negative factors about European society during the late mediaeval period.
• A concludes the paragraph as it is the only sentence about the early modern period.

The correct order is BDF4CEA.

The SEVENTH statement is A.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The first sentence is B as it introduces the topic of History and its division into three categories.
• D will follow B as D is about the early mediaeval period. There is no sentence about the first category – antiquity.
• F follows D as it is about the middle mediaeval period – a period directly after the early mediaeval period.
• Sentence 4 with ‘also’ states another positive factor about the middle mediaeval period – the establishment of feudalism and manorialism.
• C follows directly after 4 with ‘This period’ which states other positive factors about the middle mediaeval period, namely the birth of universities and the age of reason over faith.
• E follows C by stating ‘however’ – and goes on to state the negative factors about European society during the late mediaeval period.
• A concludes the paragraph as it is the only sentence about the early modern period.

The correct order is BDF4CEA.

The SIXTH statement is E.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The first sentence is B as it introduces the topic of History and its division into three categories.
• D will follow B as D is about the early mediaeval period. There is no sentence about the first category – antiquity.
• F follows D as it is about the middle mediaeval period – a period directly after the early mediaeval period.
• Sentence 4 with ‘also’ states another positive factor about the middle mediaeval period – the establishment of feudalism and manorialism.
• C follows directly after 4 with ‘This period’ which states other positive factors about the middle mediaeval period, namely the birth of universities and the age of reason over faith.
• E follows C by stating ‘however’ – and goes on to state the negative factors about European society during the late mediaeval period.
• A concludes the paragraph as it is the only sentence about the early modern period.

The correct order is BDF4CEA.

The FIFTH statement is C.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The first sentence is B as it introduces the topic of History and its division into three categories.
• D will follow B as D is about the early mediaeval period. There is no sentence about the first category – antiquity.
• F follows D as it is about the middle mediaeval period – a period directly after the early mediaeval period.
• Sentence 4 with ‘also’ states another positive factor about the middle mediaeval period – the establishment of feudalism and manorialism.
• C follows directly after 4 with ‘This period’ which states other positive factors about the middle mediaeval period, namely the birth of universities and the age of reason over faith.
• E follows C by stating ‘however’ – and goes on to state the negative factors about European society during the late mediaeval period.
• A concludes the paragraph as it is the only sentence about the early modern period.

The correct order is BDF4CEA.

The SECOND statement is D.

The correct answer is Option 5.

Key Points

• The first sentence is B as it introduces the topic of History and its division into three categories.
• D will follow B as D is about the early mediaeval period. There is no sentence about the first category – antiquity.
• F follows D as it is about the middle mediaeval period – a period directly after the early mediaeval period.
• Sentence 4 with ‘also’ states another positive factor about the middle mediaeval period – the establishment of feudalism and manorialism.
• C follows directly after 4 with ‘This period’ which states other positive factors about the middle mediaeval period, namely the birth of universities and the age of reason over faith.
• E follows C by stating ‘however’ – and goes on to state the negative factors about European society during the late mediaeval period.
• A concludes the paragraph as it is the only sentence about the early modern period.

The correct order is BDF4CEA.

The FIRST statement is B.

The correct answer is: Option 3) Both B & C.

Key Points

• The word "Benevolent" means well-meaning and kindly; showing kindness or goodwill. (परोपकारी/दयालु/भलाई करने वाला)
• Example: The benevolent teacher always helped students who were struggling with their homework.
• Correct Sentences Explanation:
• Option B: "An anonymous, benevolent donor paid for the children's medical bills." — Here, benevolent (परोपकारी) is used correctly for someone who performs a kind and helpful act.
• Option C: "Her benevolent smile made the nervous guests feel immediately welcome." — This also uses benevolent (दयालु) correctly, describing a smile that is kind and welcoming.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 3) Both B & C

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1) Only B (केवल B): Incomplete, as option C also uses "benevolent" correctly. (अधूरा विकल्प)
• Option 2) Only A (केवल A): Sentence A — "The benevolent dictator intentionally starved his citizens to maintain control." — is incorrect, as benevolent means kind and well-meaning, but the action here is cruel. (यह गलत है क्योंकि 'benevolent' का अर्थ है दयालु, जबकि यहाँ क्रूरता दिखाई गई है।)
• Option 4) All A, B & C (सभी A, B और C): Incorrect, as option A does not fit the meaning of benevolent. (गलत विकल्प)
• Option 5) None of these (इनमें से कोई नहीं): Incorrect, as options B and C use "benevolent" correctly. (गलत विकल्प)

The correct answer is: Option 2) Both A & C.

Key Points

• The word "Alleviate" means to make something less severe, to ease or reduce pain, suffering, or a problem. (कम करना/ह्रास करना/हल्का करना)
• Example: The doctor prescribed medication to alleviate her chronic back pain.
• Correct Sentences Explanation:
• Option A: "Taking an aspirin can quickly alleviate the symptoms of a mild headache." — Here, alleviate (कम करना) is used correctly, as aspirin reduces headache symptoms.
• Option C: "The new highway was built to alleviate traffic congestion downtown." — This also uses alleviate (हल्का करना) correctly for reducing traffic problems.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2) Both A & C

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1) Only A (केवल A): Incomplete, as option C also uses "alleviate" correctly. (अधूरा विकल्प)
• Option 3) Only B (केवल B): Sentence B — "The manager's rude comments only served to alleviate the tension in the room." — is incorrect, as rude comments would likely increase, not reduce, tension. (यह गलत है क्योंकि 'alleviate' का अर्थ है कम करना, जबकि यहाँ तनाव बढ़ाने की बात है।)
• Option 4) All A, B & C (सभी A, B और C): Incorrect, as option B does not fit the meaning of alleviate. (गलत विकल्प)
• Option 5) None of these (इनमें से कोई नहीं): Incorrect, as options A and C use "alleviate" correctly. (गलत विकल्प)

The Correct answer is option A

Key Points

• The error in part A of a sentence, the error is in usage 'complete'
• Here, we need to use the adverb form of 'Complete'
• Hence we need to replace 'Complete' with 'Completely'

Correct sentence- The Delhi government has completely failed the people of Delhi on all counts, with no free power to the farmers in the villages located in the national capital.

Additional Information

• Adverbs usually end with 'ly'.
• If any additional information is given regarding verbs then it is considered as an adverb.
• In the given sentence the adverb Competely Describes the verb Failed.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• According to the second paragraph, PureTrace was established as a consumer-centric mobile application.
• Its specific function is to allow users to scan barcodes at the point of sale to identify and sort out harmful ingredients, hidden allergens, and toxic chemical dyes.
• The passage notes that while it empowers individual shoppers, it primarily treats the symptoms of the food crisis at the retail end rather than the root cause.
• This aligns perfectly with Option 2, which describes these specific functionalities.

Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

 

Answer Context: "His first venture, PureTrace, was designed as a consumer-centric mobile application that allowed users to scan barcodes to sort out harmful ingredients, hidden allergens, and toxic chemical dyes at the point of sale."

 

Additional Information

• A: "Empower food manufacturers..." – The passage states PureTrace is "consumer-centric," not manufacturer-centric.
• C: "Provide blockchain technology..." – Blockchain technology and high-resolution spectrometry are features of Dr. Thorne's second company, BlueTick.
• D: "Enhance nutritional integrity..." – While a general goal, PureTrace is specifically defined as a tool for scanning and sorting ingredients rather than physically altering or enhancing goods.
• E: "Act as a backend enforcement mechanism..." – The passage explicitly attributes backend enforcement across global logistics to the dual-company approach, specifically the systemic accountability provided by BlueTick.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The passage states that in the era of rapid urbanisation and industrialised supply chains, food security has evolved "far beyond mere crop availability."
• While it mentions crop availability as the traditional focus, it does not state that there has been a "decline" in crop availability.
• The passage explicitly identifies systemic safety, transparency, and nutritional integrity as the new critical hinges of food security due to these modern changes.
• The rise of misleading advertisements is also cited as a result of the industrialised retail environment and heavily processed goods.

Therefore, the correct answer is 1.

 

Correct Factor: The passage mentions crop availability only to contrast it with new concerns; it never cites a decline in availability as a result of the mentioned processes.

 

Additional Information

• B: Systemic safety – Cited in the first sentence as a critical factor food security now hinges on.
• C: Need for transparency – Explicitly mentioned as a requirement for modern global food security.
• D: Nutritional integrity – Listed alongside safety and transparency as a core evolution of the food security concept.
• E: Misleading advertisements – Mentioned as a consequence of industrialised supply chains and the proliferation of processed goods in supermarkets.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• Option C: They raise vital consumer awareness but do not enforce accountability at the supply chain level.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The text states that "public scanning applications mean well and raise vital consumer awareness," but contrasts them with BlueTick, which "enforces systemic accountability by certifying whole supply chains." It explicitly mentions that PureTrace treats the "symptom rather than the root cause."
• Option A: They solve the root cause of food contamination issues.
• This cannot be inferred. The passage explicitly states that Dr. Thorne realized PureTrace was "merely treating the symptom rather than the root cause."
• Option B: They primarily rely on institutional mechanisms.
• This is incorrect. The passage suggests that while scanning applications raise awareness, "true food security is entirely impossible without institutional mechanisms," implying that these consumer tools (like PureTrace) lack those specific mechanisms.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Additional Information

• Option D: Incorrect because the passage attributes the standardization of quality at agricultural and processing levels to BlueTick, not consumer awareness tools like PureTrace.
• Option E: Incorrect because PureTrace identifies "harmful ingredients, hidden allergens, and toxic chemical dyes," not "exclusively" chemical contamination.