IBPS PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 23 August 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Given: Nine individuals, namely, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R, are working in three different divisions: Design, Sales, and Production, but not necessarily in the same order. Each division has at least 2 members and at most 4 members. The number of people in all three divisions is different.

1. N and P work in the same division, but not in Production.  2. R works in the Production division.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. L does not work with P, and L is not in Design.

Here, we have a subcase of Case 1.

 

4. J works with only one person, and J does not work with L.

 

5. K does not work with L, and K is not in Design.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. Q works with O, but not in Design.

 

7. The number of people in Sales is less than the number of people in Design.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is N works in Design.

Given: Nine individuals, namely, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R, are working in three different divisions: Design, Sales, and Production, but not necessarily in the same order. Each division has at least 2 members and at most 4 members. The number of people in all three divisions is different.

1. N and P work in the same division, but not in Production.  2. R works in the Production division.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. L does not work with P, and L is not in Design.

Here, we have a subcase of Case 1.

 

4. J works with only one person, and J does not work with L.

 

5. K does not work with L, and K is not in Design.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. Q works with O, but not in Design.

 

7. The number of people in Sales is less than the number of people in Design.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is N - M.

Given: Nine individuals, namely, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R, are working in three different divisions: Design, Sales, and Production, but not necessarily in the same order. Each division has at least 2 members and at most 4 members. The number of people in all three divisions is different.

1. N and P work in the same division, but not in Production.  2. R works in the Production division.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. L does not work with P, and L is not in Design.

Here, we have a subcase of Case 1.

 

4. J works with only one person, and J does not work with L.

 

5. K does not work with L, and K is not in Design.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. Q works with O, but not in Design.

 

7. The number of people in Sales is less than the number of people in Design.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is R, O, and Q.

Given: Nine individuals, namely, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R, are working in three different divisions: Design, Sales, and Production, but not necessarily in the same order. Each division has at least 2 members and at most 4 members. The number of people in all three divisions is different.

1. N and P work in the same division, but not in Production.  2. R works in the Production division.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. L does not work with P, and L is not in Design.

Here, we have a subcase of Case 1.

 

4. J works with only one person, and J does not work with L.

 

5. K does not work with L, and K is not in Design.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. Q works with O, but not in Design.

 

7. The number of people in Sales is less than the number of people in Design.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Productions.

Given: Nine individuals, namely, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R, are working in three different divisions: Design, Sales, and Production, but not necessarily in the same order. Each division has at least 2 members and at most 4 members. The number of people in all three divisions is different.

1. N and P work in the same division, but not in Production.  2. R works in the Production division.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3. L does not work with P, and L is not in Design.

Here, we have a subcase of Case 1.

 

4. J works with only one person, and J does not work with L.

 

5. K does not work with L, and K is not in Design.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. Q works with O, but not in Design.

 

7. The number of people in Sales is less than the number of people in Design.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is M.

Given number: 39472816

 

Hence, the correct answer is More than three.

Given: Fourteen individuals are seated in two parallel rows, with seven persons in each row. The distance between adjacent seats is equal. In Row 1, namely, H, I, J, K, L, M, and N are seated, all facing north, while in Row 2, namely, O, P, Q, R, S, T, and U are seated, all facing south. Each person in Row 1 faces exactly one person in Row 2.

1. Q sits third to the right of the person who is facing L, who sits immediately to the left of K.  2. There are exactly three persons between K and M. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. M sits immediately to the right of I, and I sits second to the left of N.

4. The number of persons between I and K is the same as between P and T, where T is facing I. 

5. J sits to the right of H. 
6. Exactly two persons sit between S and R, and R is facing neither J nor N. 

7. S is not adjacent to either P or U.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is H sits at one of the extreme ends.

Given: Fourteen individuals are seated in two parallel rows, with seven persons in each row. The distance between adjacent seats is equal. In Row 1, namely, H, I, J, K, L, M, and N are seated, all facing north, while in Row 2, namely, O, P, Q, R, S, T, and U are seated, all facing south. Each person in Row 1 faces exactly one person in Row 2.

1. Q sits third to the right of the person who is facing L, who sits immediately to the left of K.  2. There are exactly three persons between K and M. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. M sits immediately to the right of I, and I sits second to the left of N.

4. The number of persons between I and K is the same as between P and T, where T is facing I. 

5. J sits to the right of H. 
6. Exactly two persons sit between S and R, and R is facing neither J nor N. 

7. S is not adjacent to either P or U.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is U - L.

Given: Fourteen individuals are seated in two parallel rows, with seven persons in each row. The distance between adjacent seats is equal. In Row 1, namely, H, I, J, K, L, M, and N are seated, all facing north, while in Row 2, namely, O, P, Q, R, S, T, and U are seated, all facing south. Each person in Row 1 faces exactly one person in Row 2.

1. Q sits third to the right of the person who is facing L, who sits immediately to the left of K.  2. There are exactly three persons between K and M. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. M sits immediately to the right of I, and I sits second to the left of N.

4. The number of persons between I and K is the same as between P and T, where T is facing I. 

5. J sits to the right of H. 
6. Exactly two persons sit between S and R, and R is facing neither J nor N. 

7. S is not adjacent to either P or U.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is S.

Given: Fourteen individuals are seated in two parallel rows, with seven persons in each row. The distance between adjacent seats is equal. In Row 1, namely, H, I, J, K, L, M, and N are seated, all facing north, while in Row 2, namely, O, P, Q, R, S, T, and U are seated, all facing south. Each person in Row 1 faces exactly one person in Row 2.

1. Q sits third to the right of the person who is facing L, who sits immediately to the left of K.  2. There are exactly three persons between K and M. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. M sits immediately to the right of I, and I sits second to the left of N.

4. The number of persons between I and K is the same as between P and T, where T is facing I. 

5. J sits to the right of H. 
6. Exactly two persons sit between S and R, and R is facing neither J nor N. 

7. S is not adjacent to either P or U.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is More than three.

Given: Fourteen individuals are seated in two parallel rows, with seven persons in each row. The distance between adjacent seats is equal. In Row 1, namely, H, I, J, K, L, M, and N are seated, all facing north, while in Row 2, namely, O, P, Q, R, S, T, and U are seated, all facing south. Each person in Row 1 faces exactly one person in Row 2.

1. Q sits third to the right of the person who is facing L, who sits immediately to the left of K.  2. There are exactly three persons between K and M. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

3. M sits immediately to the right of I, and I sits second to the left of N.

4. The number of persons between I and K is the same as between P and T, where T is facing I. 

5. J sits to the right of H. 
6. Exactly two persons sit between S and R, and R is facing neither J nor N. 

7. S is not adjacent to either P or U.

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is L.

Given: Six boxes, J, K, L, M, N, and O, are arranged in a sequence from first to last. Each box is associated with a different dry fruit, namely, Almond, Cashew, Raisin, Pistachio, Walnut, and Dates, but not necessarily in the same order. No two boxes have the same dry fruit.

1. Exactly one box lies between the box containing Almond and O, which contains Raisin.
2. The box containing Pistachio is placed three positions before the box containing Raisin.

 

3. The number of boxes before J is the same as the number of boxes after K, and K is placed two positions before the box containing Cashew.

 

4. The box containing Walnuts is placed before L, and L is placed after M, while M contains Dates.  5. The box containing Walnuts is placed after M. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. At least one box comes after N, and N does not contain Walnuts.

Now, we can eliminate Case 3.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Cashews is in the last position.

Given: Six boxes, J, K, L, M, N, and O, are arranged in a sequence from first to last. Each box is associated with a different dry fruit, namely, Almond, Cashew, Raisin, Pistachio, Walnut, and Dates, but not necessarily in the same order. No two boxes have the same dry fruit.

1. Exactly one box lies between the box containing Almond and O, which contains Raisin.
2. The box containing Pistachio is placed three positions before the box containing Raisin.

 

3. The number of boxes before J is the same as the number of boxes after K, and K is placed two positions before the box containing Cashew.

 

4. The box containing Walnuts is placed before L, and L is placed after M, while M contains Dates.  5. The box containing Walnuts is placed after M. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. At least one box comes after N, and N does not contain Walnuts.

Now, we can eliminate Case 3.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is N - Pistachios.

Given: Six boxes, J, K, L, M, N, and O, are arranged in a sequence from first to last. Each box is associated with a different dry fruit, namely, Almond, Cashew, Raisin, Pistachio, Walnut, and Dates, but not necessarily in the same order. No two boxes have the same dry fruit.

1. Exactly one box lies between the box containing Almond and O, which contains Raisin.
2. The box containing Pistachio is placed three positions before the box containing Raisin.

 

3. The number of boxes before J is the same as the number of boxes after K, and K is placed two positions before the box containing Cashew.

 

4. The box containing Walnuts is placed before L, and L is placed after M, while M contains Dates.  5. The box containing Walnuts is placed after M. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. At least one box comes after N, and N does not contain Walnuts.

Now, we can eliminate Case 3.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Three.

Given: Six boxes, J, K, L, M, N, and O, are arranged in a sequence from first to last. Each box is associated with a different dry fruit, namely, Almond, Cashew, Raisin, Pistachio, Walnut, and Dates, but not necessarily in the same order. No two boxes have the same dry fruit.

1. Exactly one box lies between the box containing Almond and O, which contains Raisin.
2. The box containing Pistachio is placed three positions before the box containing Raisin.

 

3. The number of boxes before J is the same as the number of boxes after K, and K is placed two positions before the box containing Cashew.

 

4. The box containing Walnuts is placed before L, and L is placed after M, while M contains Dates.  5. The box containing Walnuts is placed after M. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. At least one box comes after N, and N does not contain Walnuts.

Now, we can eliminate Case 3.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is Pistachios.

Given: Six boxes, J, K, L, M, N, and O, are arranged in a sequence from first to last. Each box is associated with a different dry fruit, namely, Almond, Cashew, Raisin, Pistachio, Walnut, and Dates, but not necessarily in the same order. No two boxes have the same dry fruit. 

1. Exactly one box lies between the box containing Almond and O, which contains Raisin.
2. The box containing Pistachio is placed three positions before the box containing Raisin.

 

3. The number of boxes before J is the same as the number of boxes after K, and K is placed two positions before the box containing Cashew.

 

4. The box containing Walnuts is placed before L, and L is placed after M, while M contains Dates.  5. The box containing Walnuts is placed after M. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 1.

 

6. At least one box comes after N, and N does not contain Walnuts.

Now, we can eliminate Case 3.

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is J.

Given:

1. A person starts from point A and walks 6 km north to reach point B. 2. From point B, he turns right and walks 8 km to reach point C. 3. He then turns right and walks 5 km to reach point D. 4. From point D, he turns left and walks 3 km to reach point E.

5. He again turns left and walks 7 km to reach point F.
6. From point F, he turns right and walks 2 km to reach point G.
7. Finally, he turns right and walks 4 km to reach point H.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is South-West.

Given:

1. A person starts from point A and walks 6 km north to reach point B. 2. From point B, he turns right and walks 8 km to reach point C. 3. He then turns right and walks 5 km to reach point D. 4. From point D, he turns left and walks 3 km to reach point E.

5. He again turns left and walks 7 km to reach point F.
6. From point F, he turns right and walks 2 km to reach point G.
7. Finally, he turns right and walks 4 km to reach point H.

This is our final arrangement,

Distance = 8 + 5 + 3 = 16 km.

Hence, the correct answer is 16 km.

Given:

1. A person starts from point A and walks 6 km north to reach point B. 2. From point B, he turns right and walks 8 km to reach point C. 3. He then turns right and walks 5 km to reach point D. 4. From point D, he turns left and walks 3 km to reach point E.

5. He again turns left and walks 7 km to reach point F.
6. From point F, he turns right and walks 2 km to reach point G.
7. Finally, he turns right and walks 4 km to reach point H.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is North-East.

Statements: X < Y = Z, Z ≥ W > V, U ≤ X

After combining,

U ≤ X < Y = Z ≥ W > V

Conclusions:

I. Y > V: True (Y = Z ≥ W > V; Y > V)

II. U < W: False (U ≤ X < Y = Z ≥ W; opposite signs between the elements)

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion I is true.

Statements: M ≥ N > O, O = P < Q, R ≥ M

After combining,

R ≥ M ≥ N > O = P < Q

Conclusions:

I. R > Q: False (R ≥ M ≥ N > O = P < Q; opposite signs between the elements)

II. N > P: True (N > O = P; N > P)

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion II is true.

Statements: A < B ≤ C, D > C = E, F ≤ D

After combining,

A < B ≤ C = E < D ≥ F

Conclusions:

I. F > A: False (A < B ≤ C = E < D ≥ F; opposite signs between the elements)

II. B < D: True (B ≤ C = E < D; B < D)

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion II is true.

Statements: P > Q = R, R ≥ S < T, U ≤ P

After combining,

U ≤ P > Q = R ≥ S < T

Conclusions:

I. U > S: False (U ≤ P > Q = R ≥ S; opposite signs between the elements)

II. Q ≥ T: False (Q = R ≥ S < T; opposite signs between the elements)

Hence, the correct answer is Neither conclusion I nor II is true.

Given: Six individuals, namely, P, Q, R, S, T, and U, live in a three-storey building. Each floor has two flats: Flat A is west of Flat B. Floors are numbered 1 as the bottom, and 3 as the top. Each flat has exactly one person. Each person is associated with a different month, namely, January, February, March, April, May, and June, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Q lives in Flat A and is not on Floor 1.  2. The person associated with May lives in the same flat column as Q.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3.  The one associated with June lives on the top floor, but not in Flat A. 

 

4. T is associated with February and lives adjacent to U.  5. U does not live on Floor 2 and Floor 3. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

6. The person associated with March lives on a floor immediately above P in the same flat, while P doesn't live in Flat B.

 

7. The one associated with April lives on Floor 2.  8. R lives immediately below S, and both stay in the same flat column. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is P.

Given: Six individuals, namely, P, Q, R, S, T, and U, live in a three-storey building. Each floor has two flats: Flat A is west of Flat B. Floors are numbered 1 as the bottom, and 3 as the top. Each flat has exactly one person. Each person is associated with a different month, namely, January, February, March, April, May, and June, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Q lives in Flat A and is not on Floor 1.  2. The person associated with May lives in the same flat column as Q.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3.  The one associated with June lives on the top floor, but not in Flat A. 

 

4. T is associated with February and lives adjacent to U.  5. U does not live on Floor 2 and Floor 3. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

6. The person associated with March lives on a floor immediately above P in the same flat, while P doesn't live in Flat B.

 

7. The one associated with April lives on Floor 2.  8. R lives immediately below S, and both stay in the same flat column. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is R - January.

Given: Six individuals, namely, P, Q, R, S, T, and U, live in a three-storey building. Each floor has two flats: Flat A is west of Flat B. Floors are numbered 1 as the bottom, and 3 as the top. Each flat has exactly one person. Each person is associated with a different month, namely, January, February, March, April, May, and June, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Q lives in Flat A and is not on Floor 1.  2. The person associated with May lives in the same flat column as Q.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3.  The one associated with June lives on the top floor, but not in Flat A. 

 

4. T is associated with February and lives adjacent to U.  5. U does not live on Floor 2 and Floor 3. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

6. The person associated with March lives on a floor immediately above P in the same flat, while P doesn't live in Flat B.

 

7. The one associated with April lives on Floor 2.  8. R lives immediately below S, and both stay in the same flat column. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is T.

Given: Six individuals, namely, P, Q, R, S, T, and U, live in a three-storey building. Each floor has two flats: Flat A is west of Flat B. Floors are numbered 1 as the bottom, and 3 as the top. Each flat has exactly one person. Each person is associated with a different month, namely, January, February, March, April, May, and June, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Q lives in Flat A and is not on Floor 1.  2. The person associated with May lives in the same flat column as Q.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3.  The one associated with June lives on the top floor, but not in Flat A. 

 

4. T is associated with February and lives adjacent to U.  5. U does not live on Floor 2 and Floor 3. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

6. The person associated with March lives on a floor immediately above P in the same flat, while P doesn't live in Flat B.

 

7. The one associated with April lives on Floor 2.  8. R lives immediately below S, and both stay in the same flat column. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is January.

Given: Six individuals, namely, P, Q, R, S, T, and U, live in a three-storey building. Each floor has two flats: Flat A is west of Flat B. Floors are numbered 1 as the bottom, and 3 as the top. Each flat has exactly one person. Each person is associated with a different month, namely, January, February, March, April, May, and June, but not necessarily in the same order.

1. Q lives in Flat A and is not on Floor 1. 
2. The person associated with May lives in the same flat column as Q.

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

3.  The one associated with June lives on the top floor, but not in Flat A. 

 

4. T is associated with February and lives adjacent to U.  5. U does not live on Floor 2 and Floor 3. 

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

 

6. The person associated with March lives on a floor immediately above P in the same flat, while P doesn't live in Flat B.

 

7. The one associated with April lives on Floor 2.  8. R lives immediately below S, and both stay in the same flat column. 

This is our final arrangement,

 

Hence, the correct answer is U.

Given word: ADVENTURE

2nd, 5th, 6th, and 9th letters = D, N, T, E

Meaningful words = DENT (a place where a flat surface, especially metal, has been hit and damaged but not broken) and TEND (to usually do or be something)

Hence, the correct answer is Two.

Given: A certain number of persons are standing in a straight line, all facing north.

1. P1 is standing at one of the extreme ends of the row. 2. Exactly one person stands between P1 and R3.  3. There are six people between R3 and T5.  4. T5 is third from one of the ends. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. There are more than six people between P1 and S4.  6. The number of persons between Q2 and S4 is the same as the number of persons between R3 and Q2. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

7. U6 stands fifth to the right of Q2.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

8. There are not more than five people between T5 and U6.
9. At least one person stands between S4 and U6.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1a and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is R3.

Given: A certain number of persons are standing in a straight line, all facing north.

1. P1 is standing at one of the extreme ends of the row. 2. Exactly one person stands between P1 and R3.  3. There are six people between R3 and T5.  4. T5 is third from one of the ends. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. There are more than six people between P1 and S4.  6. The number of persons between Q2 and S4 is the same as the number of persons between R3 and Q2. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

7. U6 stands fifth to the right of Q2.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

8. There are not more than five people between T5 and U6.
9. At least one person stands between S4 and U6.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1a and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is U6.

Given: A certain number of persons are standing in a straight line, all facing north.

1. P1 is standing at one of the extreme ends of the row. 2. Exactly one person stands between P1 and R3.  3. There are six people between R3 and T5.  4. T5 is third from one of the ends. 

Here, we have 2 Cases, i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. There are more than six people between P1 and S4.  6. The number of persons between Q2 and S4 is the same as the number of persons between R3 and Q2. 

Here, we have subcases of Case 1 and Case 2.

7. U6 stands fifth to the right of Q2.  

Now, we can eliminate Case 2.

8. There are not more than five people between T5 and U6.
9. At least one person stands between S4 and U6.

Now, we can eliminate Case 1a and Case 2a.

This is our final arrangement,

Hence, the correct answer is 12.

Given: In a family of eight members, there are two married couples, and each couple has two children.

1. Raghav and Devansh are brothers, and each has two children. 2. Pooja is the wife of Raghav. 3. Kavya is the aunt of Arjun, who is the cousin brother of Meera.

4. Meera is the sister of Harsh, who is the cousin brother of Gaurav. 
5. The number of males is more than the number of females.

The final possible family tree is,

Hence, the correct answer is Brother.

Given: In a family of eight members, there are two married couples, and each couple has two children.

1. Raghav and Devansh are brothers, and each has two children. 2. Pooja is the wife of Raghav. 3. Kavya is the aunt of Arjun, who is the cousin brother of Meera.

4. Meera is the sister of Harsh, who is the cousin brother of Gaurav. 
5. The number of males is more than the number of females.

The final possible family tree is,

Hence, the correct answer is Cousin.

Given: In a family of eight members, there are two married couples, and each couple has two children.

1. Raghav and Devansh are brothers, and each has two children.
2. Pooja is the wife of Raghav.
3. Kavya is the aunt of Arjun, who is the cousin brother of Meera.

4. Meera is the sister of Harsh, who is the cousin brother of Gaurav. 
5. The number of males is more than the number of females.

The final possible family tree is,

Hence, the correct answer is Mother.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. A-C and B-D .

Key Points

• The sentence needs to convey that the implementation of the new policy was intended to protect indigenous industries and bolster the national economy.
• To make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful, the following pairs of words need to be interchanged:
• A-C: Swap "indigenous" with "implementation" to place the correct word in context.
• B-D: Swap "bolster" with "intended" to align meaning with the intent of the policy.
• After the interchange, the correct sentence reads: "The implementation of the new policy was intended to protect indigenous industries and bolster the national economy."

Correct sentence: The implementation of the new policy was intended to protect indigenous industries and bolster the national economy.

Additional Information

• Sentence correction questions:
• Focus on grammatical correctness and meaningfulness.
• Pay attention to word usage and context to identify required changes.
• Tips for solving word interchange questions:
• Break the sentence into parts and analyze which word fits better in each context.
• Ensure the modified sentence is both grammatically correct and meaningful.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. A-D .

Key Points

• The sentence as given reads: While the daunting (A) instructions were meant to simplify (B) the assembly process, they only served to confuse (C) the users, making the task more convoluted (D).
• The word "daunting" (A) does not fit correctly when describing "instructions" since it means intimidating or discouraging, which is not meaningful in this context.
• However, "convoluted" (D), which means complicated or intricate, fits better when describing "instructions."
• Similarly, "daunting" (A) better describes "the task" in the latter part of the sentence, making the sentence meaningful and logical.
• Hence, the correct pair of words to interchange is A-D.

Correct sentence: While the convoluted (A) instructions were meant to simplify (B) the assembly process, they only served to confuse (C) the users, making the task more daunting (D).

Additional Information

• Daunting: Means intimidating or discouraging.
• Convoluted: Means complex, intricate, or difficult to follow.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. A-C and B-D .

Key Points

• The given sentence is: The calculated (A) diplomatic relations between the two nations were bolster (B) by the volatile (C) move to exacerbated (D) military presence along the border.
• To make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful, pairs of words need to be interchanged.
• A-C: Swapping "calculated" and "volatile" makes sense because "volatile diplomatic relations" is a meaningful phrase.
• B-D: Swapping "bolster" and "exacerbated" makes sense because "were exacerbated by" is the correct verb usage in this context.

Correct sentence: The volatile diplomatic relations between the two nations were exacerbated by the calculated move to bolster military presence along the border.

Additional Information

• Interchanging words in sentences can be necessary when their placement doesn't fit grammatically or contextually.
• Always check the context and grammatical correctness of the sentence after swapping pairs to ensure it conveys the intended meaning.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. A-D.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the word "skeptical" (A) does not fit in the context where "ancient" (D) should be used to describe "ruins."
• The correct phrase is "ancient ruins" rather than "skeptical ruins."
• The word "skeptical" (A) fits better with "critics" (D) to describe their attitude.
• Thus, swapping the positions of "skeptical" (A) and "ancient" (D) makes the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful.

Correct sentence: Archaeologists discovered ancient ruins that provided tangible evidence of a sophisticated civilization, leaving even the most skeptical critics speechless.

Additional Information

• Word meanings:
• Ancient: Belonging to a very distant past.
• Skeptical: Doubtful or questioning.
• Tangible: Perceptible by touch; clear and definite.
• Sophisticated: Highly developed or refined.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. A-B .

Key Points

• The sentence mentions an investment, initially described as "detrimental," but later deemed "lucrative" in the long run. This creates a contradiction in meaning.
• The word "detrimental" (A) does not logically fit here, as an investment cannot be both harmful and lucrative at the same time.
• Similarly, "lucrative" (B) needs to be swapped with "detrimental" (A) to make the sentence meaningful and grammatically correct.

Correct sentence: The lucrative (A) investment proved to be detrimental (B) in the long run because of the exorbitant (C) taxes that eroded (D) the initial profit margins.

Additional Information

• Detrimental: Harmful or damaging.
• Lucrative: Profitable or financially beneficial.
• In this context, the sentence emphasizes how high taxes eventually made a profitable investment harmful.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Object: The word "object" can refer to a material thing that can be seen and touched, or a goal or purpose one is trying to achieve. It can also mean to express disapproval or opposition. (वस्तु, उद्देश्य, आपत्ति)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The museum had an ancient object on display that fascinated visitors.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "object" to refer to a material thing, specifically an ancient item on display in a museum.
• Sentence B: The lawyer raised an object to the witness's testimony.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "object." It should be "objection," as the correct term for expressing disapproval in a legal context.
• Sentence C: Sarah's main object for the weekend was to finish her book.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "object" to refer to a goal or purpose, specifically Sarah's aim to finish her book over the weekend.
• So, sentences A and C correctly use the word "object."

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & C."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Thick: The word "thick" can describe something dense or having a lot of mass, often implying difficulty in passage. It can also mean having a relatively large distance between opposite sides. (घना, मोटा)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The forest was thick with vegetation and challenging to navigate.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "thick" to describe a forest dense with vegetation, making navigation difficult.
• Sentence B: She wore a thick sweater to keep warm in the cold weather.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "thick" to describe a sweater with a large distance between its opposite sides, which helps keep warmth.
• Sentence C: The movie was so interesting that the plot was thick.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "thick." The word "thick" does not appropriately describe a plot; a better word might be "complex" or "intricate."
• So, sentences A and B correctly use the word "thick."

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The passage mentions that modern Chinese consumer behaviour, particularly the Gen-Z demographic, has evolved past the era of "blind Western worship."
• Gen-Z consumers are highlighted as prioritising brands that blend traditional Chinese aesthetics with cutting-edge technology.
• Other demographics like Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials are not specifically mentioned in relation to this shift.

 

Additional Information

• The passage highlights the rise of Guochao—a trend translating to "national hip" or "China chic"—as a significant factor in shaping modern Chinese consumer preferences.
• Domestic brands like Xiaomi, Huawei, and BYD are capitalising on this trend to offer locally tailored features.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes Guochao as a trend that translates to "national hip" or "China chic."
• It reflects a growing cultural confidence among Chinese consumers who prioritize brands that incorporate traditional Chinese aesthetics with cutting-edge technology.
• Domestic brands like Xiaomi, Huawei, and BYD have successfully capitalised on this trend by tailoring their products to local preferences.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1 is incorrect as the passage does not mention any government-mandated ban on foreign luxury goods.
• Option 2 is incorrect because the passage states that modern Chinese consumers, particularly Gen-Z, have moved past the era of "blind Western worship."
• Option 4 is incorrect as it refers to the economic policy of exporting Chinese electronics, which does not align with the cultural trend described.
• Option 5 is incorrect because the passage does not discuss a decline in the manufacturing sector in favour of the service sector.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The passage refers to "techno-nationalism" in the context of trade barriers, semiconductor export bans, and security concerns.
• These measures are described as defensive actions by Western nations in response to China's surge in technological innovation and international expansion.
• The author uses this term to indicate the competitive and protective stance adopted by the West due to the perceived threat from China's technological advancements.

 

Additional Information

• Option 2 is incorrect as the passage does not comment on the superiority of Western semiconductors over Chinese alternatives.
• Option 3 is incorrect because the passage highlights competition and defensive measures, not collaboration in 5G development.
• Option 4 is incorrect since it does not relate to national pride among factory workers but rather the larger geopolitical and economic tensions.
• Option 5 is incorrect as it refers to competition to define technological standards rather than a transition towards a unified standard.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Key Points

• A) They exclusively focus on hardware exports.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage indicates that Chinese tech giants are transitioning from hardware-centric exports to software-heavy services and green energy solutions.
• B) They struggle to attract Western consumers due to cultural differences.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage does not mention Chinese tech giants struggling to attract Western consumers due to cultural differences.
• C) Their aggressive R&D efforts are reshaping global technological standards.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The passage discusses how Chinese firms are redefining the global supply chain and competing fiercely on the global stage through aggressive R&D efforts.
• D) Their market expansion is primarily limited to Asia.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions international expansion, not just limited to Asia.
• E) They do not face any significant barriers from Western nations.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions that the technological surge from Chinese firms has triggered a defensive posture from the West, including trade barriers and security concerns.

Therefore, the correct answer is Only C.

The correct answer is 'transition'.

 

Key Points

• The word "transition" means the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another. (परिवर्तन)
• Chinese products have been transitioning from hardware-centric exports to software-heavy services and green energy solutions.
• The other options: "shift focus," "adapt," and "transform" do not fit the context as appropriately.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: Chinese manufacturing is witnessing a transition from hardware-centric exports to software-heavy services and green energy solutions.

Additional Information

• Shift focus (ध्यान केंद्रित करना): means to change the target of attention.
• Adapt (अनुकूल होना): means to make something suitable for a new use or purpose.
• Transform (बदलना): means to make a thorough or dramatic change in form, appearance, or character.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Statement A: Chinese manufacturing is still primarily known for low-cost imitations.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage highlights the evolution of Chinese manufacturing from low-cost imitations to high-tech innovation.
• Statement B: Guochao reflects a growing sense of cultural confidence in Chinese consumers.
• This statement is correct as it accurately reflects the information given in the passage about Guochao representing cultural confidence.
• Statement C: Western technological standards are easily implemented in Chinese markets.
• This statement is incorrect because the passage mentions that Western counterparts struggle to penetrate local digital ecosystems in China.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Only B'.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Statement A: China's internal market serves as a springboard for international expansion in sectors like 5G telecommunications.
• This statement is correct as the passage mentions that China's massive internal market has been parlayed into a springboard for international expansion in various sectors.
• Statement B: The Gen-Z demographic in China continues to prioritise Western luxury brands.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage indicates that the modern Chinese consumer, especially the Gen-Z demographic, has moved past "blind Western worship" and is gravitating towards Guochao.
• Statement C: Chinese firms have evolved from simple assembly to high-tech innovation.
• This statement is correct as the passage highlights the shift in Chinese manufacturing from simple assembly to high-tech innovation.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Only B'.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., Tremendous transformation.

Key Points

• The word "seismic shift" means a dramatic or significant change that has far-reaching effects. (महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन)
• Example: The advent of the internet caused a seismic shift in how people communicate and access information.
• "Tremendous transformation" refers to a major and impactful change that significantly alters the status quo. (विपुल परिवर्तन)
• Example: The digital revolution resulted in a tremendous transformation in various industries globally.
• Hence, we can infer that the meaning of 'seismic shift' is similar to 'tremendous transformation'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Tremendous transformation.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Minor change (छोटा बदलाव): A small or insignificant alteration.
• Example: The minor change in the schedule did not affect the overall plan.
• Gradual development (क्रमिक विकास): A slow and steady progress or evolution.
• Example: The company's success was a result of gradual development and consistent efforts.
• Subtle movement (हल्का बदलाव): A slight or barely noticeable change.
• Example: There was a subtle movement in her expression when she received the news.
• Fleeting change (क्षणिक परिवर्तन): A temporary or short-lived change.
• Example: The fleeting change in weather brought a brief moment of relief from the heat.

The correct answer is: Option 3, i.e., Decline.

Key Points

• The word "rise" in the passage refers to an increase or improvement in status, quality, or importance. (वृद्धि)
• Example: The rise of digital technology has transformed modern communication.
• "Decline" refers to a decrease or reduction in status, quality, or importance. (पतन)
• Example: The decline of traditional industries has affected many communities economically.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'rise' is 'decline'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Decline.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Prosperity (समृद्धि): The state of being successful and having a lot of money.
• Example: The economy experienced prosperity during the decade following the reforms.
• Advancement (प्रगति): The process of promoting or improving in rank or condition.
• Example: Technological advancements have made life easier in many ways.
• Growth (विकास): An increase in size, number, value, or strength.
• Example: Population growth can place additional strain on resources and infrastructure.
• Surge (उछाल): A sudden and significant increase.
• Example: There was a surge in demand for hand sanitizers during the pandemic.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The primary error in the sentence is the use of an incorrect correlative conjunction pair.
• The phrase "not only" must always be followed by "but also" to maintain grammatical parallelism and correctness.
• In part D, the sentence incorrectly uses "and also" instead of "but also."
• Thus, the error is located in part D of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

 

Correct Sentence: "This laboratory of physics is equipped not only with all state-of-the-art instruments but also with outstanding physicists."

 

Additional Information

• A: "This laboratory of physics is" – This part is grammatically correct as it correctly identifies the subject.
• B: "equipped not only with" – This part correctly begins the correlative construction.
• C: "all state-of-the-art instruments" – This part is a correct noun phrase acting as the first object of the conjunction.
• E: "No error" – This is incorrect because there is a clear grammatical mistake in the conjunction pairing in part D.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the misusage of "then" instead of "than" after "No sooner."
• The correct phrase should be "No sooner... than" instead of "No sooner... then."
• This usage ensures grammatical correctness and follows the standard pattern for such sentences.
• Thus, the error is located in part C of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

 

Correct Sentence: "No sooner the advertisement appeared in the newspapers than there was a rush on the booking window."

 

Additional Information

• A: "No sooner the advertisement" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• B: "appeared in the newspapers" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• D: "on the booking window." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• No error – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part C.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect placement of the correlative conjunction "not only... but also."
• According to the rule of parallelism, the parts of speech following "not only" and "but also" must be identical in form.
• In the given sentence, "but also" is followed by a verb (accommodated), whereas "not only" is followed by a noun phrase (the opposition parties).
• To correct this, "not only" should be placed before the verb "consulted" so that both parts of the conjunction precede a verb.
• Thus, the error is located in part A of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

 

Correct Sentence: "He had not only consulted the opposition parties but also accommodated their views while dropping this controversial clause."

 

Additional Information

• B: "the opposition parties but also" – This part contains the object and the second half of the conjunction; it is structurally dependent on the fix in part A.
• C: "accommodated their views" – This uses the past participle form, which correctly matches the tense of the sentence.
• D: "while dropping this controversial clause." – This part is grammatically sound, using "while" correctly with the present participle.
• No error – This option is incorrect because the lack of parallel structure in part A constitutes a grammatical error.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The error lies in part C of the sentence.
• The sentence uses the correlative conjunction "Hardly," which must be followed by "when" or "before" to connect two closely timed actions.
• Using "that" after "Hardly" is grammatically incorrect.
• The correct phrase should be "her hour old call when," ensuring the sentence follows standard idiomatic usage.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

 

Correct Sentence: "Hardly had our friend begun to enquire about her hour old call when the phone was banged down."

 

Additional Information

• Hardly/Scarcely... when: These pairs are used to show that one event happens immediately after another. Note that when the sentence starts with "Hardly," inversion occurs (verb "had" comes before the subject "our friend").
• No sooner... than: This is another common correlative conjunction used similarly to "Hardly... when."
• Part A: "Hardly had our friend" follows the rule of inversion correctly.
• Part B: "begun to enquire about" uses the correct past participle "begun" after the auxiliary "had."
• Part D: "the phone was banged down" is a grammatically correct passive construction.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The error lies in part C of the sentence.
• The conjunction "lest" is used to express fear or to mean "for fear that."
• Grammatically, "lest" is traditionally followed by the auxiliary verb "should" or the subjunctive mood (base form of the verb). It should never be followed by "will," "would," "shall," or "may."
• Therefore, "will be perceived" must be replaced with "should be perceived" or "be perceived" to make the sentence correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

 

Correct Sentence: "You should not be so quick in giving advice, lest you should be perceived as interfering in others' affairs."

 

Additional Information

• A: "You should not be so" – This part is grammatically correct as it sets up the initial advice.
• B: "quick in giving advice, lest" – This part is correct; "quick in" is a standard idiom and "lest" is the appropriate conjunction here.
• D: "as interfering in others' affairs." – This part is grammatically correct, using the gerund "interfering" after the verb "perceived as."
• No error – This option is incorrect because there is a specific grammatical rule violation in part C.

The correct answer is "F".

Key Points 

• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually an independent sentence that introduces a topic. In the given sentences, only F is an independent sentence, so it must be the first in the sequence.
• The second sentence gives more information about the first. Here, E talks about the characteristics of the two daughters, so, E must follow F.
• The next sentence must give more information about the topic. Sentence D talks about the widow's behaviour with the two daughters, so it must follow E, which means it is the third in the correct sequence.
• Both sentences B and C contain the word 'stepdaughter', so they must be related to each other.
• Only C must come before B, as C is also related to D.
• D talks about the cruel behaviour of the widow and C gives the reason for it, which is that the girl was her stepdaughter. So, D-C-B is the correct sequence. A, naturally, becomes the last sentence of the sequence.
• So, the correct sequence of the sentences is: FEDCBA.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "C".

Key Points 

• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually an independent sentence that introduces a topic. In the given sentences, only F is an independent sentence, so it must be the first in the sequence.
• The second sentence gives more information about the first. Here, E talks about the characteristics of the two daughters, so, E must follow F.
• The next sentence must give more information about the topic.
• Sentence D talks about the widow's behaviour with the two daughters, so it must follow E, which means it is the third in the correct sequence.
• Both sentences B and C contain the word 'stepdaughter', so they must be related to each other.
• Only C must come before B, as C is also related to D.
• D talks about the cruel behaviour of the widow and C gives the reason for it, which is that the girl was her stepdaughter. So, D-C-B is the correct sequence. A, naturally, becomes the last sentence of the sequence.
• So, the correct sequence of the sentences is: FEDCBA.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "E".

Key Points 

• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually an independent sentence that introduces a topic. In the given sentences, only F is an independent sentence, so it must be the first in the sequence.
• The second sentence gives more information about the first. Here, E talks about the characteristics of the two daughters, so, E must follow F.
• The next sentence must give more information about the topic. Sentence D talks about the widow's behaviour with the two daughters, so it must follow E, which means it is the third in the correct sequence.
• Both sentences B and C contain the word 'stepdaughter', so they must be related to each other.
• Only C must come before B, as C is also related to D.
• D talks about the cruel behaviour of the widow and C gives the reason for it, which is that the girl was her stepdaughter. So, D-C-B is the correct sequence. A, naturally, becomes the last sentence of the sequence.
• So, the correct sequence of the sentences is: FEDCBA.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "A".

Key Points 

• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually an independent sentence that introduces a topic. In the given sentences, only F is an independent sentence, so it must be the first in the sequence.
• The second sentence gives more information about the first. Here, E talks about the characteristics of the two daughters, so, E must follow F.
• The next sentence must give more information about the topic.
• Sentence D talks about the widow's behaviour with the two daughters, so it must follow E, which means it is the third in the correct sequence.
• Both sentences B and C contain the word 'stepdaughter', so they must be related to each other.
• Only C must come before B, as C is also related to D.
• D talks about the cruel behaviour of the widow and C gives the reason for it, which is that the girl was her stepdaughter. So, D-C-B is the correct sequence. A, naturally, becomes the last sentence of the sequence.
• So, the correct sequence of the sentences is: FEDCBA.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is "D".

Key Points 

• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually an independent sentence that introduces a topic. In the given sentences, only F is an independent sentence, so it must be the first in the sequence.
• The second sentence gives more information about the first. Here, E talks about the characteristics of the two daughters, so, E must follow F.
• The next sentence must give more information about the topic.
• Sentence D talks about the widow's behaviour with the two daughters, so it must follow E, which means it is the third in the correct sequence.
• Both sentences B and C contain the word 'stepdaughter', so they must be related to each other.
• Only C must come before B, as C is also related to D.
• D talks about the cruel behaviour of the widow and C gives the reason for it, which is that the girl was her stepdaughter. So, D-C-B is the correct sequence. A, naturally, becomes the last sentence of the sequence.
• So, the correct sequence of the sentences is: FEDCBA.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Bashful'.

 

Key Points

• The word "Bashful" means reluctant to draw attention to oneself; shy. (संकोची/शर्मीला)
• In the context of the sentence, if someone refuses to leave their room and meet people, it indicates that they are extremely shy or bashful.
• The other words like "unscrupulous" or "culpable" do not fit the behavior of avoiding people out of shyness.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: He was so bashful that he refused to leave his room and meet the people.

Additional Information

• Prurient (कामुक): having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters.
• Unscrupulous (अनैतिक): having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair.
• Culpable (दोषी): deserving blame; guilty of a restricted act.
• Scintillating (शानदार/चमकदार): sparkling or shining brightly; or brilliantly clever or skillful.

The correct answer is 'bellicose'.

 

Key Points

• The word "bellicose" means demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. (लड़ाकू/झगड़ालू)
• In the context of a party, aggressive or confrontational behavior is a reason why someone would not be invited back.
• The other options: "filthy," "amusing," and "estimated" do not fit the context as appropriately for a reason to be barred from future invitations.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: His bellicose behavior at the party ensured that he would not be invited again.

Additional Information

• Filthy (गंदा/अश्लील): means very dirty or disgustingly obscene.
• Amusing (मनोरंजक): means causing laughter and providing entertainment.
• Estimated (अनुमानित): means roughly calculated or approximate.

The correct answer is 'bemused'.

 

Key Points

• The word "bemused" means puzzled, confused, or lost in thought. (हक्का-बक्का/मग्न)
• Reading a long or complex article can often leave a reader feeling puzzled or deeply pensive for a period of time.
• The other options: "notorious," "frenzied," "escalated," and "blight" do not fit the context of a person's state of mind after reading.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: After reading the long article, the reader was bemused for hours.

Additional Information

• Notorious (कुख्यात): means famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed.
• Frenzied (उन्मत्त): means wildly excited or uncontrolled.
• Escalated (बढ़ाना): means to become or make something greater or more serious.
• Blight (नाश करना): means a thing that spoils or damages something.

The correct answer is 'bellwether'.

 

Key Points

• The word "bellwether" refers to a person or thing that shows the existence or direction of a trend; a leader or a trendsetter. (अगुआ / मार्गदर्शक)
• In the context of the sentence, the teenager views the actress as a style leader whose fashion choices she imitates.
• The other options: "fallacy," "delight," and "activism" do not fit the context of being a trendsetter for someone to imitate.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: An easily influenced teenager, my niece sees her favorite actress as a style bellwether and tries to imitate her look.

Additional Information

• Fallacy (भ्रम/मिथ्या विश्वास): A mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound arguments.
• Delight (प्रसन्नता): Great pleasure or something that causes it.
• Activism (सक्रियतावाद): The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

Shortcut Trick

Net weight loss = Total weight of excluded people − (Old average × 2)

Net weight loss = (72 × 2) − (48 × 2) = 144 − 96 = 48 kg

This loss causes the remaining (n − 2) people to lose 1 kg each: (n − 2) × 1 = 48 ⇒ n = 50

Value of (n + 15) = 50 + 15 = 65

∴ The correct answer is 65.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial average of n people = 48 kg. Average of 2 excluded people = 72 kg. New average = 47 kg.

Formula: Total Weight = Average × Number of people

⇒ Initial Total Weight = 48n

⇒ Total Weight of 2 excluded people = 72 × 2 = 144 kg

⇒ New Total Weight = (n − 2) × 47

⇒ 48n − 144 = 47(n − 2)

⇒ 48n − 144 = 47n − 94

⇒ 48n − 47n = 144 − 94

⇒ n = 50

⇒ n + 15 = 50 + 15 = 65

∴ The correct answer is 65.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

If two groups with averages A₁ and A₂ and sizes n₁ and n₂ are combined, the combined average is (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Average Deviation Method

Total change in average × final number of observations = total deviation from the original average due to added or removed items.

Shortcut Trick

For 2 years, the difference between Compound Interest (CI) and Simple Interest (SI) is given by: Difference = P × (r/100)²

Given: Difference = ₹232 and Principal (P) = ₹5800.

232 = 5800 × (r/100)² ⇒ 232/5800 = (r/100)²

4/100 = (r/100)² ⇒ (2/10)² = (r/100)² ⇒ r/100 = 0.2 ⇒ r = 20.

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹5800, Time (T) = 2 years, Difference (CI − SI) = ₹232.

Formula: Difference for 2 years = Pr² / 100²

⇒ 232 = (5800 × r²) / 10000

⇒ 232 = (58 × r²) / 100

⇒ 23200 = 58 × r²

⇒ r² = 23200 ÷ 58

⇒ r² = 400

⇒ r = √400 = 20%

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Additional Information

Difference for 3 years

The difference between CI and SI for 3 years is given by: Difference = P(r/100)² × (3 + r/100).

Effective Rate of Interest

The effective annual rate for CI for 2 years is calculated using x + y + (xy/100), where x and y are the rates for each year.

Simple Interest Formula

SI is calculated on the original principal throughout the period: SI = (P × r × t) / 100.

Common Calculation

Formula Used:

Girls = 2 × Average − Boys

Calculation:

2001

⇒ Girls = 2 × 140 − 160

⇒ = 280 − 160 = 120

2002

⇒ Girls = 2 × 160 − 200

⇒ = 320 − 200 = 120

2003

⇒ Girls = 2 × 220 − 200

⇒ = 440 − 200 = 240

2004

⇒ Girls = 2 × 180 − 120

⇒ = 360 − 120 = 240

2005

⇒ Girls = 2 × 150 − 200

⇒ = 300 − 200 = 100

Given:

2003 → Boys = 200, Girls = 240

2005 → Boys = 200, Girls = 100

Avg age:

2003 → Boys = 18, Girls = 16

2005 → Boys = 20, Girls = 15

Formula Used:

Total Age = (Number × Avg Age)

Calculation:

2003 Total Age

⇒ Boys = 200 × 18 = 3600

⇒ Girls = 240 × 16 = 3840

⇒ Total = 3600 + 3840 = 7440

2005 Total Age

⇒ Boys = 200 × 20 = 4000

⇒ Girls = 100 × 15 = 1500

⇒ Total = 4000 + 1500 = 5500

⇒ Ratio = 7440 : 5500

⇒ Divide by 20

⇒ 372 : 275

Final Answer: 372 : 275

Common Calculation

Formula Used:

Girls = 2 × Average − Boys

Calculation:

2001

⇒ Girls = 2 × 140 − 160

⇒ = 280 − 160 = 120

2002

⇒ Girls = 2 × 160 − 200

⇒ = 320 − 200 = 120

2003

⇒ Girls = 2 × 220 − 200

⇒ = 440 − 200 = 240

2004

⇒ Girls = 2 × 180 − 120

⇒ = 360 − 120 = 240

2005

⇒ Girls = 2 × 150 − 200

⇒ = 300 − 200 = 100

Given:

Total Students = Boys + Girls

2001 → 160 + 120 = 280

2002 → 200 + 120 = 320

2004 → 120 + 240 = 360

2005 → 200 + 100 = 300

Formula Used:

% Difference = (Difference / Base) × 100

Calculation:

⇒ (2001 + 2004) = 280 + 360 = 640

⇒ (2002 + 2005) = 320 + 300 = 620

⇒ Difference = 640 − 620 = 20

⇒ % = (20 / 620) × 100

⇒ 3.23% (approx. more) = 3

Final Answer: 3% more

Common Calculation

Formula Used:

Girls = 2 × Average − Boys

Calculation:

2001

⇒ Girls = 2 × 140 − 160

⇒ = 280 − 160 = 120

2002

⇒ Girls = 2 × 160 − 200

⇒ = 320 − 200 = 120

2003

⇒ Girls = 2 × 220 − 200

⇒ = 440 − 200 = 240

2004

⇒ Girls = 2 × 180 − 120

⇒ = 360 − 120 = 240

2005

⇒ Girls = 2 × 150 − 200

⇒ = 300 − 200 = 100

Given:

2003 Girls = 240 → 1/3 = 80

2002 Boys = 200 → 40% = 80

2004 Total = 360 → 30% = 108

Formula Used:

% = (Part / Whole) × 100

Calculation:

⇒ Participants (2002 + 2003) = 80 + 80 = 160

⇒ % = (160 / 108) × 100

⇒ = 148.15%

Final Answer: 148.15%

Common Calculation

Formula Used:

Girls = 2 × Average − Boys

Calculation:

2001

⇒ Girls = 2 × 140 − 160

⇒ = 280 − 160 = 120

2002

⇒ Girls = 2 × 160 − 200

⇒ = 320 − 200 = 120

2003

⇒ Girls = 2 × 220 − 200

⇒ = 440 − 200 = 240

2004

⇒ Girls = 2 × 180 − 120

⇒ = 360 − 120 = 240

2005

⇒ Girls = 2 × 150 − 200

⇒ = 300 − 200 = 100

Given:

Boys →

2001 = 160

2002 = 200

Girls →

2004 = 240

2005 = 100

Calculation:

⇒ Boys total = 160 + 200 = 360

⇒ Girls total = 240 + 100 = 340

⇒ Ratio = 360 : 340

⇒ Divide by 20

⇒ 18 : 17

Final Answer: 18 : 17

Common Calculation

Formula Used:

Girls = 2 × Average − Boys

Calculation:

2001

⇒ Girls = 2 × 140 − 160

⇒ = 280 − 160 = 120

2002

⇒ Girls = 2 × 160 − 200

⇒ = 320 − 200 = 120

2003

⇒ Girls = 2 × 220 − 200

⇒ = 440 − 200 = 240

2004

⇒ Girls = 2 × 180 − 120

⇒ = 360 − 120 = 240

2005

⇒ Girls = 2 × 150 − 200

⇒ = 300 − 200 = 100

Given:

2005 Total = 300

Increase 20% →

⇒ 300 × 1.2 = 360 (in 2006)

Ratio (B : G) = 3 : 2

Formula Used:

Girls = (2 / 5) × Total

Calculation:

⇒ Girls = (2/5) × 360

⇒ = 144

Final Answer: 144

Given:

I: x² − 32x + 255 = 0

II: y² − 11y + 30 = 0

Formula used:

ax² + bx + c = 0

Calculations:

From I:

x² − 32x + 255 = 0

Or, x² − 15x − 17x + 255 = 0

Or, x(x − 15) − 17(x − 15) = 0

Or, (x − 15)(x − 17) = 0

So, x = 15 or x = 17

From II:

y² − 11y + 30 = 0

Or, y² − 5y − 6y + 30 = 0

Or, y(y − 5) − 6(y − 5) = 0

Or, (y − 5)(y − 6) = 0

So, y = 5 or y = 6

Comparison:

x values = 15, 17

y values = 5, 6

⇒ Both values of x are greater than both values of y

∴ Quantity-I > Quantity-II

Given:

I: x² − 10x + 24 = 0

II: y² − 27y + 182 = 0

Formula used:

ax² + bx + c = 0

Calculations:

From I:

x² − 10x + 24 = 0

Or, x² − 6x − 4x + 24 = 0

Or, x(x − 6) − 4(x − 6) = 0

Or, (x − 6)(x − 4) = 0

So, x = 6 or x = 4

From II:

y² − 27y + 182 = 0

Or, y² − 13y − 14y + 182 = 0

Or, y(y − 13) − 14(y − 13) = 0

Or, (y − 13)(y − 14) = 0

So, y = 13 or y = 14

Comparison:

x values = 4, 6

y values = 13, 14

⇒ Both values of y are greater than both values of x

∴ Quantity-II > Quantity-I

Given:

I: x² − 30x + 189 = 0

II: 2y² − 29y + 105 = 0

Formula used:

ax² + bx + c = 0

Calculations:

From I:

x² − 30x + 189 = 0

Or, x² − 21x − 9x + 189 = 0

Or, x(x − 21) − 9(x − 21) = 0

Or, (x − 21)(x − 9) = 0

So, x = 21 or x = 9

From II:

2y² − 29y + 105 = 0

Or, 2y² − 14y − 15y + 105 = 0

Or, 2y(y − 7) − 15(y − 7) = 0

Or, (2y − 15)(y − 7) = 0

So, y = 15/2 or y = 7

Comparison:

x values = 9, 21

y values = 7, 7.5

⇒ Both values of x are greater than both values of y

∴ Quantity-I > Quantity-II

Given:

(R + 3) : (H + 3) = 7 : 8

(R − 3) : (H − 9) = 5 : 4

Formula used:

Ratio ⇒ Cross multiplication

Calculations:

⇒ (R + 3)/(H + 3) = 7/8

⇒ 8(R + 3) = 7(H + 3)

⇒ 8R + 24 = 7H + 21

⇒ 8R − 7H = -3 ........(1)

⇒ (R − 3)/(H − 9) = 5/4

⇒ 4(R − 3) = 5(H − 9)

⇒ 4R − 12 = 5H − 45

⇒ 4R − 5H = -33 ........(2)

Now solve (1) and (2):

⇒ Multiply (2) by 2:

⇒ 8R − 10H = -66

Subtract (1):

⇒ (8R − 10H) − (8R − 7H) = -66 − (-3)

⇒ -3H = -63

⇒ H = 21

⇒ Age of H before 5 years = 21 − 5 = 16

∴ Final answer = 16 years

Shortcut Trick

Approximate Length (L) = 24 m and Side of Square (a) = (5/4) × 24 = 30 m.

Area of Square = 30² = 900 m².

Area of Rectangle = Area of Square − 444 = 900 − 444 = 456 m².

Breadth (B) = Area ÷ L = 456 ÷ 24 = 19 m ≈ 20 m.

∴ The correct answer is 20 m.

Alternate Method

Given: Length (L) ≈ 24 m, Length : Side = 4 : 5, Area Difference ≈ 444 m².

⇒ Let Length = 4x and Side of Square = 5x.

⇒ 4x = 24 ⇒ x = 6.

⇒ Side of Square (a) = 5 × 6 = 30 m.

⇒ Area of Square = a² = 30² = 900 m².

⇒ Area of Rectangle = Area of Square − 444.23 ≈ 900 − 444 = 456 m².

⇒ Area of Rectangle = Length × Breadth.

⇒ 24 × Breadth = 456.

⇒ Breadth = 456 ÷ 24 = 19 m.

⇒ Closest approximation among options is 20 m.

∴ The correct answer is 20 m.

Additional Information

Mensuration Formulas

Area of Rectangle = Length × Breadth; Area of Square = Side². Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 × (Length + Breadth).

Approximation Rule

When dealing with decimals like 24.23 or 444.23 in competitive exams, round to the nearest whole number to simplify calculations unless options are very close.

Given:

Total C (X + Y) = 84

Total X (A + B + C) = 95

Y(C) = Y(B) + 5

Y(A) = X(A) + 4

Y(C) = X(B) + n, where n = 32 = 9

Y(A) : Y(B) = 3 : 4

Let Y(A) = 3k, Y(B) = 4k

⇒ Y(C) = 4k + 5

Also,

⇒ Y(C) = X(B) + 9

⇒ X(B) = Y(C) − 9 = (4k + 5 − 9) = 4k − 4

Now,

Total C = X(C) + Y(C) = 84

⇒ X(C) = 84 − (4k + 5) = 79 − 4k

Now total X:

X(A) + X(B) + X(C) = 95

⇒ (3k − 4) + (4k − 4) + (79 − 4k) = 95

⇒ 3k − 4 + 4k − 4 + 79 − 4k = 95

⇒ 3k + 71 = 95

⇒ 3k = 24

⇒ k = 8

Final values:

X(A) = 20, X(B) = 28, X(C) = 47

Y(A) = 24, Y(B) = 32, Y(C) = 37

Calculation:

⇒ New X = 3/7 × 84 = 36

⇒ New Y = 4/7 × 84 = 48

⇒ X has 47 but needs 36

⇒ Shift = 47 − 36 = 11

∴ 11 books shifted from X to Y

Given:

Total C (X + Y) = 84

Total X (A + B + C) = 95

Y(C) = Y(B) + 5

Y(A) = X(A) + 4

Y(C) = X(B) + n, where n = 32 = 9

Y(A) : Y(B) = 3 : 4

Let Y(A) = 3k, Y(B) = 4k

⇒ Y(C) = 4k + 5

Also,

⇒ Y(C) = X(B) + 9

⇒ X(B) = Y(C) − 9 = (4k + 5 − 9) = 4k − 4

Now,

Total C = X(C) + Y(C) = 84

⇒ X(C) = 84 − (4k + 5) = 79 − 4k

Now total X:

X(A) + X(B) + X(C) = 95

⇒ (3k − 4) + (4k − 4) + (79 − 4k) = 95

⇒ 3k − 4 + 4k − 4 + 79 − 4k = 95

⇒ 3k + 71 = 95

⇒ 3k = 24

⇒ k = 8

Final values:

X(A) = 20, X(B) = 28, X(C) = 47

Y(A) = 24, Y(B) = 32, Y(C) = 37

Calculation:

⇒ X sells

B = 25% of 28 = 7 → unsold = 21

A = 20% of 20 = 4 → unsold = 16

⇒ X unsold = 21 + 16 = 37

⇒ Y sells

A = 25% of 24 = 6 → unsold = 18

B = 50% of 32 = 16 → unsold = 16

⇒ Y unsold = 18 + 16 = 34

⇒ Total unsold = 37 + 34 = 71

∴ Total unsold books = 71

Given:

Total C (X + Y) = 84

Total X (A + B + C) = 95

Y(C) = Y(B) + 5

Y(A) = X(A) + 4

Y(C) = X(B) + n, where n = 3² = 9

Y(A) : Y(B) = 3 : 4

Let Y(A) = 3k, Y(B) = 4k

⇒ Y(C) = 4k + 5

Also,

⇒ Y(C) = X(B) + 9

⇒ X(B) = Y(C) − 9 = (4k + 5 − 9) = 4k − 4

Now,

Total C = X(C) + Y(C) = 84

⇒ X(C) = 84 − (4k + 5) = 79 − 4k

Now total X:

X(A) + X(B) + X(C) = 95

⇒ (3k − 4) + (4k − 4) + (79 − 4k) = 95

⇒ 3k − 4 + 4k − 4 + 79 − 4k = 95

⇒ 3k + 71 = 95

⇒ 3k = 24

⇒ k = 8

Final values:

X(A) = 20, X(B) = 28, X(C) = 47

Y(A) = 24, Y(B) = 32, Y(C) = 37

Calculation:

Total A = 20 + 24 = 44

Total B = 28 + 32 = 60

⇒ Difference = 60 − 44 = 16

∴ Answer = 16

Given:

Total C (X + Y) = 84

Total X (A + B + C) = 95

Y(C) = Y(B) + 5

Y(A) = X(A) + 4

Y(C) = X(B) + n, where n = 32 = 9

Y(A) : Y(B) = 3 : 4

Let Y(A) = 3k, Y(B) = 4k

⇒ Y(C) = 4k + 5

Also,

⇒ Y(C) = X(B) + 9

⇒ X(B) = Y(C) − 9 = (4k + 5 − 9) = 4k − 4

Now,

Total C = X(C) + Y(C) = 84

⇒ X(C) = 84 − (4k + 5) = 79 − 4k

Now total X:

X(A) + X(B) + X(C) = 95

⇒ (3k − 4) + (4k − 4) + (79 − 4k) = 95

⇒ 3k − 4 + 4k − 4 + 79 − 4k = 95

⇒ 3k + 71 = 95

⇒ 3k = 24

⇒ k = 8

Final values:

X(A) = 20, X(B) = 28, X(C) = 47

Y(A) = 24, Y(B) = 32, Y(C) = 37

Calculation:

⇒ X(A) = 20 − 25% × 20 = 20 − 5 = 15

⇒ X(B) = 28 − 25% × 28 = 28 − 7 = 21

⇒ X(C) = 47

⇒ Total X = 15 + 21 + 47 = 83

⇒ Y(A) = 24 − 25% × 24 = 24 − 6 = 18

⇒ Y(B) = 32 − 25% × 32 = 32 − 8 = 24

⇒ Y(C) = 37

⇒ Total Y = 18 + 24 + 37 = 79

⇒ Ratio = 83 : 79

∴ Required Ratio = 83 : 79