DSSSB TGT Hindi (Male) 18 Sep 2021 Shift 1 (Previous Year Paper)

The logic in the given figure:-

Here, same figure(circle) get coloured.

Similarly, the same logic followed in the figure option 4.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Let's draw venn diagram of given statement

Conclusion I: All issues are news.❌

In the given statement issue word is not use anywhere.

Hence, this statement is wrong.

Conclusion II: Some data are points.❌

There are no direct relation between Data and Points.

Hence, this statement is wrong.

Hence, the correct answer is Neither I nor ॥ follows.

Simran, follow all basic criteria.

Hence, the correct answer is Should be given access.

Family chart is as follow:-

Let's draw the family tree of the given question:-

Hence, the lady is Maternal uncle's wife of Shubham.

Hence the correct answer is  Maternal uncle's wife.

The logic used in this question is,

355 + 111 = 466

Similarly,

284 + 111 = 395

Hence, the correct answer is 395.

The logic used in this question is:-

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is AMHCNISE.

Explanation:- We got sound from speaker, similarly we got Heat from a heater. 

Hence, the correct answer is Heat.

All the given option except 2 is based on motion.

Explanation:- 

Like Kirchhoff's second law based on the motion of current whereas Kepler's law based on planetary motion and Laws of motion based on motion of object, But Basic rules of organization are rules used to

an organisation.

Hence, the correct answer is Basic rules of organization.

Explanation:- 

Among the fabrics mentioned, cotton is a plant fiber.

silk is a fiber obtained from silkworms

And nylon are long-chain polymers made artificially by chemical reactions in industry.

Hence, there is no relation between cotton, silk and nylon.

So, the correct venn diagram representation is:-

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The numerical value of alphabets :-

Logic :- (First letter + 3)  (Number + 3)  (Second letter + 3)

Hence, the correct answer is N15P.

Total number of triangle:-

Hence, the total number of triangle is 17.

Explanation:- Here Hatred is opposite to Love.

Similarly, the opposite of Dim is Bright.

Hence, the correct answer is Bright.

The positional value of Alphabets is :-

The logic used in this question is:-

Logic:- (First letter + 6) (Second letter + 6) (Third letter + 6)

Hence, the correct answer is YAC.

Let's solve this question:-

By using first row, we get:-

Hence, the correct answer is 7.

Taking dice position 1 and 2 with R and S as a common, moving in clockwise direction, we get:-

Pair of opposite letters:-

 P - T

Taking dice position 2 and 3 with T as a common, moving in clockwise direction, we get:-

R - Q

S - Z

Hence, the correct answer is T.

Explanation:- Here, Quran is the holy book of Muslims.

Geeta is the holy book of Hindus.

Bible is the holy book of Christian.

Hence, these three holy books are related with three different religion.

So, the correct venn diagram representation is:-

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Let's complete the incomplete pattern:-

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Let's solve this question:-

Hence, the correct answer is 128.

Thwe positional value of alphabets is:-

The pattern followed here is:-

Option 1:- C + 3 = F

Option 2:- P + 3  = S

Option 3:- T + 2 = V

Option 4:- H + 3 = K

Here, the logic is not apply in option 3.

Hence, the correct answer is TV.

Statement:-  Should the country's defence budget be reduced?

Explanation:- Security is important to save their people for every country.

Hence, the security of any country is very important.

Hence, the correct answer is Only I is strong.

The correct answer is Bhimbetka.

Key Points

• Dickinsonia fossils were found at Bhimbetka.
• Researchers have discovered three fossils of the earliest known living animal — the 550-million-year-old ‘Dickinsonia’ — on the roof of the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, about 40 km from Bhopal.
• One can identify the fossils from the white leaf-like patches with a central vertebra (central midrib) and connecting veins.

Additional Information Bhimbetka Cave

• It is located south of Bhopal in Vidhyan ranges of Madhya Pradesh with rock shelters having more than 500 rock paintings.
• The caves of Bhimbetka were discovered in 1957–58 by V. S. Wakankar .
• It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.

The correct answer is Jaish-e-Mohammed.

Key Points

• In February 2019,  Jaish-e-Mohammed, a terrorist groups claimed the Pulwama attack on Indian paramilitary forces.
• Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), a Pakistan-based group, has claimed responsibility for the suicide bombing on 14 February in Indian-administered Kashmir.
• The group is designated a terror organisation by India and the UN, as well as the UK and the US.
• It aims to unite Kashmir with Pakistan and has been held responsible for attacks in India and Kashmir.

Additional Information What is JeM?

• Jaish-e-Mohammad literally means the Army of Mohammad.
• Pakistan-based Muslim cleric Masood Azhar founded the group after he was released by India in 1999.
• He was one of three men set free in exchange for the crew and passengers of an Indian Airlines plane hijacked and flown to Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.

The correct answer is Chakri.

Key Points

• Chakri is a forms of folk music is traditional and native to Kashmir.
• Chakri is a responsorial song form with instrumental parts, and it is played with instruments like the harmonium, the rubab, the sarangi, the nout, the geger, the tumbaknaer and the chimta.
• It is performed in folk and religious spheres, by the Muslim and Hindu kashmiris.
• Chakri was also used to tell stories like fairy tales or famous love stories.

The correct answer is Wavell Plan, 1945.

Key Points

• Wavell Plan, 1945 plans proposed that all members of the Viceroy's Executive Council, except the Viceroy and the Commander-in-Chief, would be Indians.
• The council was to have a ‘balanced representation’ of all Indians including ‘caste-Hindus’, Muslims, Depressed Classes, Sikhs, etc.
• Muslims were given 6 out of 14 members which accounted for more than their share of the population (25%).
• The Viceroy/Governor-General would still have the power of veto but its use would be minimal.
• The foreign affairs portfolio would be transferred from the Governor-General to an Indian member.
• The defense would be handled by a British general until the full transfer of power was made.
• This was to be the Shimla Conference.
• If this plan worked, similar councils would be formed in all provinces comprising of local leaders.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Narmada Valley.

Key Points

• At the Narmada Valley earliest hominin fossils be found in the Indian subcontinent.
• The first evidence of man was found in India in western Narmada region of Madhya Pradesh.
• It was first discovered in 1982.
• Narmada Human also known as Narmada Man belongs to the category of Homo erectus, preceding Homo sapiens, the modern human species.
• Dr. Arun Sonakia of the Geological Survey of India found the fossil.

The correct answer is Reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir by amendment of Article 370.

 In News

• Reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir by amendment of Article 370 was the reason behind Pakistan's decision to suspend bilateral trade with India in August 2019.
• Trade relations between the two neighbours were already strained following the Pulwama terror attack as India imposed 200 per cent customs duty on all goods imported from the neighbouring nation.
• Article 370(3) provides President of India has the powers to amend or repeal the article by issuing a notification, based on a recommendation of Constituent Assembly of J&K.

The correct answer is R. K. Shanmukham Chetty.

Key Points

• R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was the first finance minister of independent India.
• Sir Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy Shanmukham Chetty was an Indian lawyer, economist and politician who served as first Finance Minister of India from 1947 to 1948.
• He presented the first Union Budget of Independent India.
• He presented the first Union Budget of Independent India on 26^th November 1947.
• He represented Indian employers at the International Labour Conference in Geneva in 1928, 1929, and 1932.
• He was the President of India's Central Legislative Assembly from 1933 to 1935.
• He died on 3^rd March 1953.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 2018, Jakarta

Key Points

• In the year 2018, Jakarta  the Indian men's table tennis team won the first medal (bronze) in the Asian Games.
• India’s final tally at the 18^th Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia read 69 medals – 15 gold, 24 silver and 30 bronze to surpass the medal count from 2010 Games in Guangzhou, China and match the gold medal tally from the first-ever Asian Games in 1951.
• The games saw India create new national records, register some firsts – first medal in sepaktakraw.
• Rahi Sarnobat became first Indian woman to win Asian Games gold in shooting.
• Vinesh Phogat became first Indian woman to win gold in wrestling.

The correct answer is Dhyan Chand Award

Key Points

• Aparna Ghosh has been awarded with Dhyan Chand Award  honors for her contribution to the game of basketball.
• n 2002, Ghosh was honoured with the Dhyan Chand Award for lifetime achievement in sports and games, handed by the Indian government.
• She is one of only two basketball personalities in India to receive this honour.

Additional Information Dhyan Chand Award

• The award was first given in 2002, to those sportspersons who have contributed to sports by their performance and continue to contribute to the promotion of sports even after their retirement from active sporting career.
• It is the lifetime achievement sporting honor of the Republic of India.
• The award is named after Dhyan Chand (1905–79), an Indian field hockey player who scored more than 1000 goals during a career that spanned over 20 years from 1926 to 1948.

he correct answer is Rauf.

Key Points

• Rauf dances of Kashmir is exclusively performed by women.
• It is a combination of Kashmiri folk dance and Kashmiri folk song, performed by Kashmiri women or girls on different occasions.
• Amidst the rows of blossoming tulips, you will find women wearing colorful dresses celebrating spring.
• The celebration is grand and includes some charismatic traditions.

The correct answer is Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

Key Points

• Viswanathan Anand was the first recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.
• Viswanathan Anand, became India's first chess grandmaster in 1988.
• He is also the former world champion.
• Anand was also awarded India’s second-highest civilian award called Padma Vibushan.
• He was the first recipient who got the Padma Vibushan award for the sports category.

Additional Information Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

• The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award is the highest in sports given in India.
• The ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports presents the Khel Ratna award.
• This is awarded annually and it is named after the former Prime minister of India**, Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, who served the nation from 1984 to 1989.**
• The award consists of a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of Rs. 25 lakh.
• In the year 1991-to 1992, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award was introduced.
• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award was introduced in the year 1991-1992**, from 2021**, the award is known as Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award.

The correct answer is Kathua.

In News

• In Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir, 11 people were rescued from flash floods on July 12, 2021.
• Flash flooding occurs in a short time frame after a precipitation event and is exacerbated by paved surfaces and already saturated soil.
• Flash flooding is a specific type of flooding that occurs in a short time frame after a precipitation event – generally less than six hours.
• It often is caused by heavy or excessive rainfall and happens in areas near rivers or lakes, but it also can happen in places with no water bodies nearby.
• Flash floods happen in rural and urban areas.
• Flash flood is one of the consequences of extreme weather event.

The correct answer is Television.

Key Points

• Cathode ray tube is an integral part of Television.
• A cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube in which images are produced when an electron beam strikes a phosphorescent surface.
• A Cathode ray tube is made of the electron gun assembly, the phosphor viewing surface, and the glass envelope.
• A heated cathode surrounded by a metal anode makes the electron gun assembly.
• The first important part of the cathode ray tube is the heated metal cathode also known as the electron gun.
• The second important part of the CRT is the phosphor screen.
• The third import part of the CRT is the deflecting system.

The correct answer is 1936 Berlin Olympics.

Key Points

• 1936 Berlin Olympics  tournament Kabaddi got international recognition for the first time.
• The widespread recognition of the sport saw the establishment of the All India Kabaddi Federation (AIKF) in 1950, which staged the first men's and women’s national tournament in 1955 in Chennai and Kolkata respectively.
• First Asian Kabaddi Championship was held in 1980 where Japan, Nepal, Malaysia, Bangladesh and India contested.
• It is a popular belief that kabaddi originated from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is 1951-1990.

Key Points

• In India, the term License Raj is used to refer to the economic policies of the government during 1951-1990.
• License Raj refers to regulations and accompanying bureaucracy that were required to set up and run Indian businesses in India between 1951 and 1991.
• The Government resorted to  licensing system so that it can maintain control over industries as per the Industries Development and Regulation Act, 1951.
• A license refers to a written permission granted by government to a firm which mentions what product can be manufactured by the firm.

Additional Information LPG Era

• India’s New Economic Policy was announced on July 24, 1991 known as the LPG or Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation model.
• Liberalization- It refers to the process of making policies less constraining of economic activity and also reduction of tariff or removal of non-tariff barriers.
• Privatization- It refers to the transfer of ownership of property or business from a government to a privately owned entity.
• Globalization- It refers to the expansion of economic activities across political boundaries of nation states.

Features of LPG era

• Abolition of Industrial licensing/ Permit Raj
• Public sector role diluted
• MRTP limit goes
• Beginning of privatisation
• Free entry to foreign investment and technology
• Industrial location policy liberalized

The correct answer is Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu  regions of the Indian subcontinent did the first signs of prehistoric settled life emerge.
• The story goes that almost 155 years ago in 1863 CE, a young geologist, Robert Bruce Foote, chanced upon a rough stone tool, strewn at the Parade Ground at the British cantonment of Pallavaram near Chennai.
• This chance find turned out to be the most significant one in Bruce’s lifetime.
• Later dubbed the ‘Father of Indian Prehistory’ Bruce would go on to lead extensive excavations across the region.
• These tools were used for a variety of activities such as hunting, scraping meat from bones, splitting bones to extract bone marrow and so included hammers, scrappers, cleavers and choppers and were made of Quartzite rock found in abundance here.

The correct answer is Myanmar

Key Points

• Myanmar countries shares the Patkai mountain range with India.
• The Patkai Bum hills are located in the Eastern part of India. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. are along the Patkai range.
• Pat-kai means "to cut chicken" in Tai Ahom language.
• Through the Patkai mountain range, the Dehing river flows down. to meet the Brahmaputra in the Sivasagar district of Assam.
• The Patkai Range consists of 3 hills - The Patkai-Bum, the Garo-Khasi-Jaintia, and Lushai Hills.
• The Patkai hills are part of Purvanchal hills in the North-Eastern part of India.
• Patkai Range is the hills on India’s North-Eastern border touched with Burma.
• The Patkai range extends from Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Manipur, Myanmar.

The correct answer is 20Hz-20kHz. 

Key Points

• Humans can detect sounds that fall within 20Hz-20kHz  frequency ranges.
• The humans can easily detect the sound frequencies ranging between 20 H z to 20 k H z .
• Hence the sounds with in this range are known as audible sound.
• Sounds with frequencies below 20 H z are called as infrasonic.
• Sound with frequencies above 20 k H z are called as ultrasonic sound.

Additional Information Sound

• Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
• Sound waves are produced due to variations in pressure & density of the medium.
• Characteristics of Sound
• Loudness or intensity.
• Pitch or frequency.
• Quality or timbre.
• It can not travel in vaccuum.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Barak Valley is located in Assam of the following north-eastern states.
• The main city of the valley is Silchar.
• The region is named after the Barak river.
• The Barak valley mainly consists of three administrative districts of Assam State - namely Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi.

Additional Information Assam 

• Assam belongs to the north-eastern states included in the Seven Sisters.
• It was formed on 1956 November 1.
• Assam is surrounded by states like Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal.
• It also shares borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh.
• Capital city: Dispur
• Official language: Assamese, Bodo
• State Animal: One-horned Rhinoceros
• State Bird: White-winged wood duck
• Major river: Brahmaputra, Manas, Subansiri, Sonai
• State Flower: Foxtail orchid
• State Tree: Hollong

The correct answer is 1829.

Key Points

• The Bengal Sati Regulation Act was passed in the year 1829.
• The Bengal Sati Regulation which banned the Sati practice in all jurisdictions of British India was passed on December 4, 1829.
• The Governor-General was Lord William Bentinck at that time.
• The regulation described the practice of Sati as revolting to the feelings of human nature.
• Raja Rammohan Roy, the great Hindu reformer from Bengal was pionnner for passing the act.

Formula Used:

SI = PRT ÷ 100

where SI is simple interest, P is the principle value, R is the rate of interest and T is the time for which interest is paid.

Calculation:

Rate = x %  and Time = 2.5  years

For Nirav,

P =  Rs. 4000 

⇒  $SI=\frac{4000 \times 2.5 \times x}{100}=100 x$

For Mehul,

P = Rs. 5000 

⇒ $S I=\frac{5000 \times 2.5 \times x}{100}=125 x$

Mehul paid Rs 125 more interest than Nirav

⇒ 100x + 125 = 125x 

⇒ 25x = 125 

⇒ x = 5

Hence, x is 5.

Solution:

18$\frac{1}{3}$ + 9$\frac{2}{3}$ - 10$\frac{1}{3}$ = 1$\frac{2}{3}$ +? 

Concept Used:

We have to follow the BODMAS rule

Calculation:

Let question mark be x.

⇒ 18 + (1/3) + 9 + (2/3) - 10 - (1/3) = 1 + (2/3) + x

⇒ 18 + 9 - 10 - 1 + 1/3 + 2/3 - 1/3 = 2/3 + x

⇒ 16 + 2/3 - 2/3 = x

⇒ x = 16

Formula Used:

Volume of cylinder $=\pi r^2 h$

where r is radius and h is height of the cylinder.

and Volume of Hemisphere $=\frac{2}{3} \pi r^3$

where r is the radius of hemisphere.

Calculation:

Radius of hemisphere and cylinder = 7 cm

height of cylinder = 3 cm

Volume of toy = Volume of cylinder + Volume of hemisphere.

$\Rightarrow \pi \times 7^2 \times 3+\frac{2}{3} \times \pi \times 7^3$

$\Rightarrow \pi \cdot 7^2\left[3+\frac{2}{3} \times 7\right]=\frac{22}{7} \times 7^2\left[\frac{9+14}{3}\right]$

$\Rightarrow 22 \times 7\left[\frac{23}{3}\right]=1180.66 \approx 1181 \mathrm{~cm}^3$

Hence, Volume of the given toy is 1181 cubic centimeter.

Formula Used:

SI = PRT ÷ 100

where SI is simple interest, P is the principle value, R is the rate of interest and T is the time for which interest is paid.

Amount = P + SI

Calculation:

Let the sum be Rs. x.

In four years, Amount is 4 times the initial sum,

A = 4x ⇒ SI = 4x - x = 3x

⇒ 3x = x × R × 4 ÷ 100 

⇒ 3 = R ÷ 25 

⇒ R = 75 

Let money becomes 6 times in n years.

Amount = 6x ⇒ SI = 6x - x = 5x

⇒ 5x = x × 75 × n ÷ 100 

⇒ 5 = 3n ÷ 4

⇒ n = 20 ÷ 3 or 20/3

Hence, the amount will be 6 times in 20/3 years.

Shortcut Trick1^st case:

P ----> 4P in 4 years i.e., S.I. = 4P - P = 3P in 4 years 

⇒ P in 4/3 years

2^nd case:

P ----> 6P i.e., S.I. = 6P - P = 5P 

So, the amount becomes 6 times in 5 × 4/3 years = 20/3 years.

Solution:

Let Maria's only son's present age be x years and her daughter's present age be y years.

and Let  Maria's present age be z years and her husband's present age be w years.

Eight years ago, 

Maria's age = z - 8 = x + y . . .(i)

10 years from now, 

son's age = x + 10 and daughter's age = y + 10

ATQ: (y + 10)/(x + 10) = 6/5

⇒ 5y + 50 = 6x + 60

⇒ 5y - 6x = 10 . . .(ii)

Since, Maria's husband is 8 years older than her.

⇒ w = z + 8 . . .(iii)

Husband's present age is four times that of her son

⇒ w = 4x . . .(iv)

From (iii) and (iv),

z = 4x - 8 . . .(v)

From (v) and (i),

4x - 8 - 8 = x + y 

⇒ 3x - y = 16 . . .(vi)

⇒ 2 × (vi) + (ii), we get

⇒ 5y - 2y = 10 + 32 ⇒ 3y = 42

⇒ y = 14

Hence, present age of Maria's daughter is 14 years.

Solution:

The number of votes at center B in 2013 is 18.

The number of votes at center F in 2013 is 10% more than B.

⇒ Number of votes at center F = 18 + 10% of 18 = 18 + 18 × 10 ÷ 100 

⇒ Number of votes at center F = 18 + 1.8 = 19.8 (in thousands)

The number of votes at center B in 2014 is 15.

Number of votes at center F in 2014 is 20% more then B.

⇒ Number of votes at center F = 15 + 20% of 15 = 15 + 15 × 20 ÷ 100  

⇒ Number of votes at center F = 15 + 3 = 18 (in thousands)

Hence, number of votes at center F together is 19800 + 18000 = 37800.

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of all observation ÷ number of observations

Calculation:

Let the sum of age of all the team members except both be x years.

Captain's age is 28 years.

Age of goalkeeper is 32 years.

Average age of the team =(x + 28 + 32) ÷ 11 = (x + 60) ÷ 11 

Average age of the team without captain and goalkeeper = x ÷ 9

ATQ: (x + 60) ÷ 11 - 2 = x ÷ 9

⇒ 9x + 540 - 2 × 11 × 9 = 11x

⇒ 2x = 540 - 198 = 342

⇒ x = 171

⇒ Average age of the team = (171 + 60) ÷ 11 = 231 ÷ 11 = 21

Hence, average age of the whole team is 21 years.

Formula Used:

Profit % = Profit/Cost price × 100

Profit = Selling price - Cost price  

Loss%  = Loss/Cost price × 100

Loss = Cost price - Selling price 

Calculation:

Let the Cost price of the laptop be Rs.

ATQ: 20 = (x - 4800)/x × 100

⇒ 20x = 100x - 480000

⇒ 80x = 480000

⇒ x = 6000

For 15% Profit,

Let selling price be .

⇒ 15 = (y - 6000)/6000 × 100

⇒ 15 = (y - 6000)/60

⇒ y - 6000 = 900

⇒ y = 6900

Hence, he needs to sell his laptop of Rs. 6900 for 15% profit.

Shortcut TrickLoss% = 20% = 1/5 = If C.P. = 5 units then 1 unit loss. So, S.P. = 4 units.

⇒ 4 units = Rs. 4800 (given)

⇒ 5 units i.e. C.P  = 5 × 1200 = Rs. 6000

Now, the profit amount = 15% of 6000 = Rs. 900

Hence, the required S.P. = Rs. 6000 + Rs.900 = Rs. 6900

Solution:

Production of pulses in 2020 

In Uttarakhand 150 tonnes

in Punjab is 150 tonnes

⇒ 20% of 150 = 20/100 × 150 = 30 tonnes

and 40% of 150 = 40/100 × 150 = 60 tonnes

Production of pulses in 2021

In Uttarakhand is 150 + 30 = 180 tonnes

In Punjab is 150 + 60 = 210 tonnes

Hence, the Total production of pulses in Uttarakhand and Punjab in the year 2021 is 180 + 210 = 390 tonnes

Solution:

Marked price is Rs. 1200.

Price after 30% discount is = 1200 - 30% of 1200

⇒ 1200 - 30/100 × 1200 = 1200 - 360 = 840

Now, another discount here is 40%.

Price after 40% discount is = 840 - 40% of 840

⇒ 840 - 40/100 × 840 = 840 - 336 = 504

Hence, the price after two successive discounts of 30% and then 40% is Rs. 504.

Shortcut TrickS.P =  MRP × (100 - D₁%)/100 × (100 - D₂%)/100

S.P = 1200 × (100 - 30)/100 × (100 - 40)/100

⇒ 1200 × 70/100 × 60/100

⇒ 12 × 7 × 6 = Rs. 504

Alternate Method

Successive Discount = X + Y - XY/100

So, net discount = 30% + 40% - (30 × 40)/100 = 58%

After giving a 58% discount, the required S.P. = 42% of M.P.

⇒ S.P. = 42% of 1200 = 42/100 × 1200 = Rs. 504

Solution:

Let x be total laptops sold and y% laptops sold by C.

⇒ 22 + 24 + y + 18 + 21 = 100 ⇒ y = 100 - 85 = 15%

Laptop sold by C is 1350 

⇒ 15% of x =  1350

⇒ 15/100 × x = 1350

⇒ x = 1350 × 100/15 = 90 × 100 = 9000

Laptops sold by A is 22% of 9000 = 22/100 × 9000 = 1980

Laptops sold by B is 24% of 9000 = 24/100 × 9000 = 2160

Ratio of windows to MacBook sold of A is 7:11

⇒ windows laptop sold by A is 7/18 × 1980 = 7 × 110 = 770

Ratio of windows to MacBook sold of B is 3:7

⇒ Windows laptop sold by B is 3/10 × 2160 = 3 × 216 = 648

Hence, windows laptop sold by A and B is 770 + 648 = 1418.

Formula Used:

Volume of cylinder $=\pi r^2 h$

where r is radius and h is height of the cylinder

and Volume of Sphere $=\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

where r is the radius of Sphere.

Calculation:

Inner radius of Sphere = 5 cm

Outer radius of Sphere = 6 cm

Radius of  cylinder = 3 cm

Let height of cylinder be h cm.

Volume of metal in Sphere = Volume of Outer Sphere - Volume of Inner Sphere

Volume of metal in Sphere = $\frac{4}{3}\pi \left[r_o^3 - r_i^3 \right]$

⇒ $\frac{4}{3}\pi \left[6^3 - 5^3 \right] = \frac{4}{3}\pi \left(216- 125 \right)= \frac{4}{3}\pi \times 91$ cubic centimeter

Since, It is melted and recast into a solid cylinder.

⇒ Volume of Cylinder = Volume of metal

⇒ $\pi r^2 h = \frac{4}{3}\pi \times 91$

⇒ $3 \times3^2 \times h = 4 \times 91$

⇒ h = 364 ÷ 27 ≈ 13.48 cm

Hence, height of cylinder is 13.48 cm.

Solution:

Let the total distance covered by person be x km.

and remaining part of the journey be y.

⇒ 5/11 + 1/3 + 1/8 + y = 1

⇒ (24 × 5 + 11 × 8 + 11 × 3)/264 + y = 1

⇒ (120 + 88 + 33)/264 + y = 1

⇒ 241/264 + y = 1

⇒ y = 1 - 241/264 = 23/264

 Given is the remaining of the journey is 23 km 

⇒ 23/264 × x = 23 

⇒ x = 264 km

Hence, total distance covered by the person is 264 km.

Formula Used:

Expenditure = number of employee × average wage

Calculation:

Let the number of employee of the firm be 12x and 5x pre and post reduction respectively.

and average salary be 9y and 17 y pre and post reduction respectively.

Expenditure before reduction is 12x × 9y

Expenditure after reduction is 5x × 17y

ATQ: 12x × 9y - 5x × 17y = 46000

⇒ (108 - 85)xy = 46000

⇒ 23xy = 46000

⇒ xy = 2000

Expenditure before reduction is 12x × 9y = 108 × xy = 108 × 2000 = 216000

Expenditure before reduction is Rs. 216000.

Calculation:

Let the marks of mathematics be x.

Given marks in Economics is 60% of 100 = 60

Marks in Accounts is 46% of 100 = 46

The maximum marks that can be obtained are 100 + 100 + 200 = 400

He gets 50% marks in all three subjects.

⇒ 50 = (x + 60 + 46)/400 × 100 

⇒ 50 = (x + 60 + 46)/4

⇒ 50 × 4 = x + 106

⇒ x = 200 - 106 = 94

Let y% of 200 be 94

⇒ y/100 × 200 = 94

⇒ y × 2 = 94,  y = 47

∴ He gets 47% marks in mathematics.

Solution:

Let A can do a piece of work in x days.

given, B does the same task in 9 more days.

B can same piece of work in x + 9 days.

A is 45% more efficient than B.

⇒ x = (x + 9)/145 × 100

⇒ 145x = 100x + 900

⇒ 45x = 900

⇒ x = 900/45 = 20

Hence, A can complete the work in 20 days.

Calculation:

⇒ (0.06% of 1250) - (0.08% of 450) 

⇒ 0.06/100 × 1250 - 0.08/100 × 450

⇒ 0.03 × 25 - 0.04 × 9 

⇒ 0.75 - 0.36

⇒ 0.39

∴ The answer is 0.39.

Formula Used:

 Speed = Distance ÷ Time

⇒ Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculation:

Let x km be the distance and y min be the time for man to exact on time.

If he travels with 8km/hr i.e., 8/60 = 2/15 km/min, he reaches late by 12 min.

⇒ x ÷ (2/15) = y + 12

⇒ 15x/2 = y + 12

⇒ 15x - 2y = 24. . .(i)

If he travels with 12km/hr i.e., 12/60 = 1/5 km/min, he reaches late by 2 min.

⇒ x ÷ (1/5) = y + 2

⇒ 5x = y + 2

⇒ 5x - y = 2. . .(ii)

Equation (i) - 2 × equation (i)

⇒ 15x - 10x = 24 - 4 = 20

⇒ 5x = 20

⇒ x = 4

From (ii)

5 × 4 - y = 2 ⇒ y = 20 - 2 = 18

Hence, he has to reach his destination in 18 min so that he won't be late.

Solution:

Let initial number of Pineapple be x.

⇒ 15% are rotten.

Fresh Pineapple = x - 15% of x = 0.85x

⇒ 80% of the fresh Pineapple he sold,

⇒ He has 20% of the fresh Pineapple remaining i.e., 510 (given)

⇒ 20/100 × 0.85x = 510

⇒ 1/5 × 0.85x = 510

⇒ 0.17x = 510

⇒ x = 510 × 100/17 = 30 × 100 = 3000

Hence, there are initially 3000 Pineapples.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of efficiencies of P and Q = 100 : 40 = 5 : 2.

Combined efficiency = 5 + 2 = 7 units/day.

Total work = Combined efficiency × Total days = 7 × 12 = 84 units.

Time taken by Q alone = Total work ÷ Efficiency of Q = 84 ÷ 2 = 42 days.

∴ The correct answer is 42 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Efficiency of Q is 40% of P.

⇒ Efficiency Q/P = 40/100 = 2/5

⇒ If efficiency of P = 5, then efficiency of Q = 2

⇒ Combined Efficiency (P + Q) = 5 + 2 = 7

⇒ Total Work = (Efficiency of P + Q) × Days = 7 × 12 = 84 units

⇒ Days required by Q alone = Total Work ÷ Efficiency of Q

⇒ Days = 84 ÷ 2 = 42 days

∴ The correct answer is 42 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relation

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete the work. Efficiency = Work ÷ Time.

Work and Wages

Wages are distributed in the ratio of the work done or in the ratio of the efficiencies if time period is same.

Combined Work Formula

If A takes 'a' days and B takes 'b' days, together they take (a × b) ÷ (a + b) days.

The correct answer is 'aggrandize'.

Key Points

• Aggrandize means increase the power, status, or wealth of.
• Example:- "an action intended to aggrandize the Frankish dynasty"
• In the given sentence, the blank needs an adjective which refers to the increase or decrease of powers.
• Therefore, 'aggrandize' will be most suitable for the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• mirandize: inform (a person who has been arrested) of their legal rights, in accordance with the Miranda ruling.
• subsidize: (of an organization or activity) supported financially.
• legendize: to endow (as a person) with a legend.

The correct answer is 'Get your walking papers '.

Key Points 

• Get your walking papers refers to you've been told you can leave somewhere or you've been told that you are fired from your job.
• Example:- "You'd better clean up your act or you're going to get your walking papers.”
• Therefore, 'Get your walking papers ' is the most appropriate idiom of the given meaning- Get fired from the job .

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information 

• Ivory tower: a state of privileged seclusion or separation from the facts and practicalities of the real world.
• Idle hands are the devil's tools: someone who is unoccupied and bored will find mischief
• Hit below the belt: To say something that is often too personal, usually irrelevant, and always unfair

The correct answer is 'battery'.

Key Points 

• The word 'battery' refers to a group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place.
• Example: "a battery of cannon from the Revolutionary War"
• Hence, the most appropriate 'one word ' for the expression 'A group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place' is 'battery'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information 

• cemetery: a large burial ground, especially one not in a churchyard.
• skittery: restless; skittish.
• psaltery: musical instrument having plucked strings of gut, horsehair, or metal stretched across a flat soundboard, often trapezoidal but also rectangular, triangular, or wing-shaped.

The correct answer is 'SRQP'.

Key Points 

• The first given sentence tells us that 'he will try' something.
• Hence, the next sentence will be 'S' as it starts with the preposition 'to' which is used for the verb 'try'.
• Then the next sentence will give us information about on whom he will 'pin the blame', hence the sentence will be 'R'.
• The next sentence will be 'Q' as it is telling us about his next activity for his editors.
• The next sentence will be 'P' as it contextually completes sentence Q.

​Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'amenable'.

Key Points 

• Amenable means open and responsive to suggestion; easily persuaded or controlled.
• Synonyms: compliant, acquiescent, biddable, manageable, etc.
• Example:- "Parents who have amenable children"
• In the given sentence, the blank needs an adjective which refers to the open and responsive to suggestion.
• Therefore, 'amenable' will be most suitable for the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information 

• disenable: deprive of the ability or capacity to do something.
• unamenable: not responsive to something; not capable of being treated or dealt with in a particular way.
• convenable: capable of being convened or assembled.

The correct answer is 'Sarah told us that, "whenever Philip came'.

Key Points 

• The word segment 'Sarah told us that, "whenever Philip came' is grammatically incorrect.
• The given sentence is an indirect statement.
• In the indirect sentence, there are no double inverted commas.
• The correct sentence is Sarah told us that whenever Philip came into the room, she felt the radiation of a vast and unseen force.
• Hence, the word segment given in Option 3 is an incorrect part.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'I after one of his weeks away.'.

Key Points 

• The word segment 'I after one of his weeks away' is grammatically incorrect.
• The given sentence has an error in the pronoun.
• 'I' should be replaced by 'me'.
• The correct sentence is It's a marital rendezvous, a meeting place for Paul and me after one of his weeks away.
• Hence, the word segment given in Option 4 is an incorrect part.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'has sent many an enterprising winemaker packing'.

Key Points

• The bracketed word segment is grammatically incorrect.
• "has sent many an enterprising winemakers packing" should be replaced by "have sent many an enterprising winemaker packing"
• have is a plural verb. Has is a singular verb.
• Hence, the word segment given in Option 3 will substitute (replace) the bracketed word segment.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'forstall'.

Key Points 

• The word given in Option 2 'chicanery' means the use of deception or subterfuge to achieve one's purpose.
• Example: "storylines packed with political "storylines packed with political chicanery""
• The word given in Option 3 'coalesce' means come together to form one mass or whole.
• Example: "the puddles had coalesced into shallow streams"
• The word given in Option 4 'nuance' means a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound.
• Example: "he was familiar with the nuances of the local dialect"
• The word given in Option 1 'forstall' is incorrectly spelt.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'buoyant'.

Key Points 

• The word 'volatile ' refers to (of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
• Example: "volatile solvents such as petroleum ether, hexane, and benzene"
• Synonyms are evaporative, vaporous, vaporescent, explosive etc.
• Buoyant means able or tending to keep afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas.
• Hence, the word that is similar in meaning (SYNONYM)  to the word volatile is 'buoyant '.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information 

• Dependable: trustworthy and reliable.
• Constant: occurring continuously over a period of time.
• Steady: firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving.

The correct answer is 'aesthetics'.

Key Points 

• The word 'aesthetics' refers to a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty.
• Example: "these could definitely be some of the best wireless earbuds for those with an eye for aesthetics"
• Hence, the most appropriate 'one word' for the expression 'Sets of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty' is 'aesthetics'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information 

• homiletics: the art of preaching or writing sermons.
• saleratus: sodium bicarbonate (or sometimes potassium bicarbonate) as the main ingredient of baking powder.
• synthetics: a synthetic material or chemical, especially a textile fibre.

The correct answer is 'common'.

Key Points 

• The word 'whimsical' refers to playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way.
• Example: "a whimsical sense of humour"
• Synonyms are fanciful, playful, mischievous, waggish, etc.
• common means occurring, found, or done often; prevalent.
• Hence, the word that is opposite in meaning (ANTONYM) to the word whimsical is 'common '.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information  

• mischievous: causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way.
• droll: curious or unusual in a way that provokes dry amusement.
• amusing: causing laughter and providing entertainment.

The correct answer is 'imprudence'.

Key Points 

• The word 'imprudence' means The quality or state of being imprudent; lack of prudence, caution, discretion or circumspection.
• Example: "The imprudence of not wearing your gloves in the winter might result in frostbite on your fingers."
• Synonyms are unwise, indiscreet, ill-advised, etc.
• The word given in option 4 is correctly spelt.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Someone who is unpredictable and can cause damage if not kept in check'.

Key Points 

• The idiom 'Loose cannon  ' means an unpredictable or uncontrolled person who is liable to cause unintentional damage.
• Example: "most of the cop heroes in contemporary films are loners and loose cannons"
• Hence, the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom is 'Someone who is unpredictable and can cause damage if not kept in check'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is: where Jane was the previous night.

Key Points

• The sentence in this question is in the Indirect speech.
• In Indirect speech, the verb is always placed after the subject, unlike in Direct Speech.
• For example:
• Ravi said to me, “Is she studying?” (Direct Speech)
• Ravi asked me if she was studying. (Indirect Speech) (verb is placed after the subject)
• Hence, options 1 and 2 are grammatically incorrect as the verb (was) is placed before the subject (Jane).
• Also, in the Indirect speech, 'last night' is changed into 'the previous night'. Hence, option 4 is incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Jane's aunt asked us where Jane was the previous night.

The correct answer is 'Low fat diet ​'.

Key Points

• Read the lines of the passage - "For those people that find it difficult to do physical exercise, they can always go on a low fat diet."
• After reading the above lines we can conclude that an alternative to exercising to keep fit is a low-fat diet.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Consumption of carbonized non-sugary drinks​​'.

Key Points

• Read the lines of the passage - "Obesity is caused by lack of exercise, unhealthy foods and fattening foods that are high in calories. "
• After reading the above lines we can conclude that the Consumption of carbonized non-sugary drinks is not a cause of Obesity as per the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Consumption of carbonized non-sugary drinks​​'.

Key Points

• Read the lines of the passage - "Too much unhealthy eating can cause internal problems with your body and gives you a greater chance of catching a disease known as diabetes. This is a very bad disease which causes your teeth to fall out, also liver and heart problems."
• After reading the above lines we can conclude that the Loss of bone density is not caused by diabetes.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'An alternative to exercising is doing Yoga.'

Key Points

• The passage does not mention Yoga at all. While Yoga can be a form of exercise and helpful in weight management or losing weight, this detail is not outlined in the text presented. Thus, it is incorrect to declare it as an alternative to exercise according to this particular passage.
• The text lays emphasis on the significance of exercise for managing body weight and health by suggesting activities like swimming, using an exercise machine like an exercise bike, and jogging. However, Yoga is not mentioned as a form of exercise or as an alternative to other forms of physical activities.
• Reflecting on the fact that not everyone can perform physical exercises easily, the passage proposes a low-fat diet.
• Still, it makes no mention of alternative exercise methods such as Yoga.
• Each mentioned solution to the obesity problem within the passage focuses on more conventional methods of weight management. This includes exercising in various ways or following a diet.
• So, claiming that practicing Yoga is an alternative to these solutions according to the passage is incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Swimming ​​'.

Key Points

• Read the lines of the passage - " For example, swimming is a very good way to lose calories because it works up all your muscles"
• After reading the above lines we can conclude that swimming is an all-around body exercise involving all muscles.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

कुशलतापूर्वक शब्द शुद्ध शब्द का सही विकल्प है।

Key Pointsअन्य सभी विकल्प अनुचित होगे। 

शब्द - दो या दो से अधिक वर्णों के सार्थक मेल को शब्द कहते हैं। शब्द के दो भेद हैं।

• सार्थक शब्द :- जिन शब्दों के अर्थ ग्रहण किए जाते हैं, उन्हें सार्थक शब्द कहते हैं।
• निरर्थक शब्द :- जिन शब्दों के अर्थ ग्रहण नहीं किए जाते, उन्हें निरर्थक शब्द कहते हैं।

संभव है आज मेरा मित्र आए वाक्य के लिए वृत्ति के भेद का सबसे अच्छा विकल्प सम्भावनार्थ होगा।

• जहाँ कार्य होने की संभावना प्रतीत हो, वहां सम्भावनार्थ वृत्ति का प्रयोग होता है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

Additional Information

• वृत्ति:- जब क्रिया रूप वक्ता या लेखक की मनोवृत्ति या प्रयोजन की ओर संकेत करता है। तो उसे वृत्ति कहते हैं वृत्ति को क्रियार्थ भी कहते हैं।
• इसकी क्रियाएँ प्रायः काल निरपेक्ष होती है।
• क्रियार्थ का तात्पर्य है – क्रिया का अर्थ (प्रयोजन)।

पनचक्की के लिए सही मध्यमपदलोपी तत्पुरुष समास के विग्रह का विकल्प पानी से चलने वाली चक्की होगा।

• मध्यमपदलोपी तत्पुरुष समास में बीच के पदों का लोप हो जाता है।

Key Points समास के छः भेद होते है -

Additional Informationसमास:- समास का शाब्दिक अर्थ होता है संक्षेप। समास में वर्णों के स्थान पर पद का महत्व होता है। इसमें दो या दो से अधिक पद मिलकर एक समस्त पद बनाते हैं।

अँधा क्या चाहे दो आँखें - लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प मुँहमांगी वस्तु मिलना होगा।

• वाक्य प्रयोग - कारोबार मे घाटा हो जाने के बाद अचानक से बड़ी कंपनी का आर्डर मिलना तो वही बात हो गयी -अँधा क्या चाहे दो आँखें।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

निरंतर बढ़ते रहना ही जीवन है; आलस्य मौत है। सही विराम चिह्न युक्त वाक्य का विकल्प है।

• लिखने में रुकावट या विराम के स्थानों को जिन चिह्नों द्वारा प्रकट किया जाता है, उन्हें विराम-चिह्न कहते हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

• निरंतर बढ़ते रहना ही जीवन है आलस्य मौत है। - वाक्य मे निरंतर बढ़ते रहना ही जीवन है के बाद अर्द्ध विराम चिह्न का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए था।
• अर्द्ध विराम चिह्न(;) :-  इसका प्रयोग वाक्य मे कुछ समय के विराम के लिए किया जाता है।
• निरंतर बढ़ते रहना ही जीवन है; आलस्य मौत है - वाक्य के अंत मे पूर्ण विराम चिह्न का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए था।
• पूर्ण विराम चिह्न(|) :- वाक्य पूरा हो जाने के बाद पूर्ण विराम चिह्न का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
• निरंतर बढ़ते रहना ही जीवन है ...आलस्य मौत है। - वाक्य मे निरंतर बढ़ते रहना ही जीवन है के बाद पद लोप विराम चिह्न का प्रयोग अनुचित है।
• पद लोप विराम चिह्न(....) :- वाक्य मे जब कुछ अंश को छोड़कर लिखना हो तब पद लोप विराम चिह्न का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

गाल बजाना मुहावरे का सही अर्थ वाला विकल्प बहुत अधिक बोलना होगा।

• वाक्य प्रयोग - बातो के मामले मे उस छोटी सी बच्ची ने सभी के गाल बजा दिए।

Key Points अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

Additional Information **मुहावरा :-‘**मुहावरा’ ‘अरबी भाषा का शब्द है, जिसका अर्थ- ‘अभ्यास /बातचीत होता है।

मुहावरे की परिभाषा जो वाक्यांश अपने मूल अर्थ को छोड़कर किसी विशिष्ट अर्थ में प्रयुक्त हो जाते हैं, मुहावरे कहलाते है।

हाथ की लिखी पुस्तक --- वाक्यांशों के लिए एक शब्द का सही विकल्प पांडुलिपि होगा।

Confusion Points 

• हाथ की लिखी हर चीज हर हस्तलिखित है परन्तु हर हाथ से लिखित पुस्तक पाण्डुलिपि कहलाती है।

Key Points

अन्य सभी विकल्प हाथ से लिखी पुस्तक के लिये एक शब्द के लिए अनुचित होगे। 

कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांशों के लिए एक शब्द - 

आज मेट्रो बंद रहेगी मे वाक्य भेद का विकल्प निषेधवाचक है।

• जिन वाक्यों से कार्य न होने का भाव प्रकट होता है, उन्हें निषेधवाचक वाक्य कहते हैं।

Key Points अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण - 

Additional Informationअर्थ की द्रष्टि से वाक्य भेद आठ प्रकार के होते है - 

1. विधान वाचक वाक्य।
2. निषेधवाचक वाक्य।
3. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य।
4. विस्मयादिवाचक वाक्य।
5. आज्ञावाचक वाक्य।
6. इच्छावाचक वाक्य।
7. संकेतवाचक वाक्य।
8. संदेहवाचक वाक्य।

पृथ्वी गोल है। वाक्य के लिए पक्ष के भेद का सबसे अच्छा विकल्प नित्यतावोधक होगा।

• नित्यताबोधक पक्ष भेद - इस पक्ष से क्रिया के नित्य अर्थात् सदा बने रहने का बोध होता है, इसका आदि - अंत नहीं होता।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण - 

Additional Information

• पक्ष भेद - क्रिया के जिस रूप से क्रिया प्रक्रिया अर्थात क्रिया व्यापार का बोध होता है, उसे क्रिया का पक्ष कहते हैं।
• यह क्रिया- व्यापार दो दृष्टियों से देखा जा सकता है।  पहली दृष्टि से हम देखते हैं कि क्रिया की प्रक्रिया आरंभ होने वाली है अथवा आरंभ हो चुकी है, अथवा वर्तमान में चालू है या हो चुकी है।
• दूसरी दृष्टि में क्रिया -प्रक्रिया को एक इकाई के रूप में देखते हैं।

सरपंच उपसर्ग से बने शब्द का सही विकल्प होगा।

• सरपंच = सर + पंच, इसमे 'सर' उपसर्ग तथा 'पंच' मूल शब्द है
• उपसर्ग दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना होता है उप+सर्ग। उप का अर्थ होता है समीप और सर्ग का अर्थ होता है सृष्टि करना।
• अर्थात् शब्दांश जो आरम्भ में लगकर उसके अर्थ को बदल देते हैं या फिर उसमें विशेषता लाते हैं उन शब्दों को उपसर्ग कहते हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण - 

• आबादी = आबाद + ई, इसमे 'आबाद' मूल शब्द तथा 'ई' प्रत्यय है।
• पहाड़ी= पहाड़ + ई, इसमे 'पहाड़' मूल शब्द तथा 'ई' प्रत्यय है।
• भौतिकी = इसमे 'भौतिक' मूल शब्द तथा 'ई' प्रत्यय है।

Additional Informationप्रत्यय - वे शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द या धातु के अंत में जुड़कर उसके अर्थ को प्रभावित कर देते हैं उन्हें प्रत्यय कहते हैं।

प्रत्यय शब्द, ‘प्रति’ उपसर्ग एवं ‘अय’ को यण संधि द्वारा जोड़ने पर बनता है, जहाँ प्रत्यय का शाब्दिक अर्थ पीछे आना होता है।

मिलनसार शब्द प्रत्यय से बने शब्द का सही विकल्प होगा।

• मिलनसार = मिलन + सार, इसमे 'मिलन' मूल शब्द तथा 'सार' प्रत्यय है
• वे शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द या धातु के अंत में जुड़कर उसके अर्थ को प्रभावित कर देते हैं उन्हें प्रत्यय कहते हैं।
• प्रत्यय शब्द, ‘प्रति’ उपसर्ग एवं ‘अय’ को यण संधि द्वारा जोड़ने पर बनता है, जहाँ प्रत्यय का शाब्दिक अर्थ पीछे आना होता है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

• संपादक = सम + पादक, इसमे 'सम्' उपसर्ग तथा 'पादक' मूल शब्द है।
• प्रकार = प्र + कार, इसमे 'प्र' उपसर्ग तथा 'कार' मूल शब्द है।
• सपरिवार = स + परिवार, इसमे  'स' उपसर्ग तथा 'परिवार' मूल शब्द है।

Additional Informationउपसर्ग - उपसर्ग दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना होता है उप+सर्ग। उप का अर्थ होता है समीप और सर्ग का अर्थ होता है सृष्टि करना।

अर्थात् जो शब्दांश उसके आरम्भ में लगकर उसके अर्थ को बदल देते हैं या फिर उसमें विशेषता लाते हैं उन शब्दों को उपसर्ग कहते हैं।

मही + ईश्वर संधि विच्छेद की संधि का सही विकल्प महीश्वर होगा।

• महीश्वर = मही + ईश्वर, जिन स्वरों में संधि है = ई + ई= ई (दीर्घ संधि)।
• दीर्घ सन्धि मे हस्व या दीर्घ ‘आ’, ‘इ’, ‘उ’, के पश्चात क्रमशः हस्व या दीर्घ ‘आ’, ‘इ’, ‘उ’ स्वर आएं तो दोनों को मिलाकर दीर्घ आ, ई, ऊ हो जाते है।

Key Pointsसंधि:-  दो समीपवर्ती वर्णों के मेल से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) होता है वह सन्धि कहलाता है। सन्धि में पहले शब्द के अंतिम वर्ण का मेल होता है।

सन्धि के तीन भेद होते हैं -

गंगोदक संधि का सही संधि विच्छेद गंगा + उदक होगा।

• गंगोदक = गंगा + उदक, जिन स्वरों में संधि है = आ + उ= ओ (गुणसंधि)
• जब (अ, आ) के साथ (इ, ई) हो तो ‘ ए ‘ बनता है, जब (अ, आ)के साथ (उ, ऊ) हो तो ‘ ओ ‘बनता है, जब (अ, आ) के साथ (ऋ) हो तो ‘ अर ‘ बनता है। उसे गुण संधि कहते हैं।

Key Pointsसंधि:- दो समीपवर्ती वर्णों के मेल से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) होता है वह सन्धि कहलाता है। सन्धि में पहले शब्द के अंतिम वर्ण का मेल होता है।

संधि के मुख्यतः तीन भेद होते है -